UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to |
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Commission File No. 1-7797
PHH CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| MARYLAND (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
52-0551284 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
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| 1 CAMPUS DRIVE PARSIPPANY, NEW JERSEY (Address of principal executive offices) |
07054 (Zip Code) |
973-428-9700
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
7.850% Internotes due June 15, 2012
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. /x/
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act) Yes o No ý
The aggregate market value of the Common Stock issued and outstanding and held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant: All of our Common Stock is owned by Cendant Corporation, accordingly there is no public trading market for our Common Stock. The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's classes of common stock was 1,000 as of December 31, 2003. PHH Corporation meets the conditions set forth in General Instructions I(1)(a) and (b) to Form 10-K and is therefore filing this form with the reduced disclosure format.
| Item |
Description |
Page |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
PART I |
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| 1 | Business | 4 | ||
| 2 | Properties | 11 | ||
| 3 | Legal Proceedings | 11 | ||
| 4 | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 11 | ||
PART II |
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| 5 | Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholders Matters | 12 | ||
| 6 | Selected Financial Data | 12 | ||
| 7 | Management's Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Liquidity and Capital Resources | 13 | ||
| 7A | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 21 | ||
| 8 | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 22 | ||
| 9 | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 22 | ||
| 9A | Controls and Procedures | 22 | ||
PART III |
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| 10 | Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant | 23 | ||
| 11 | Executive Compensation | 23 | ||
| 12 | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management | 23 | ||
| 13 | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | 23 | ||
| 14 | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 23 | ||
PART IV |
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| 15 | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K | 24 | ||
Signatures |
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1
Forward-looking statements in our public filings or other public statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements were based on various factors and were derived utilizing numerous important assumptions and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include the information concerning our future financial performance, business strategy, projected plans and objectives. Statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words "believes", "expects", "anticipates", "intends", "projects", "estimates", "plans", "may increase", "may fluctuate" and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "will", "should", "would", "may" and "could" are generally forward-looking in nature and not historical facts. You should understand that the following important factors and assumptions could affect our future results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements:
Other factors and assumptions not identified above were also involved in the derivation of these forward-looking statements, and the failure of such other assumptions to be realized as well as other factors may also cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Most of these factors are difficult to predict accurately and are generally beyond our control.
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You should consider the areas of risk described above in connection with any forward-looking statements that may be made by us and our businesses generally. Except for our ongoing obligations to disclose material information under the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events unless required by law. For any forward-looking statements contained in any document, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
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Except as expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, the "Company", "PHH", "we", "our" or "us" means PHH Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.
We are a provider of mortgage, relocation and fleet management services and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cendant Corproation ("Cendant"). We operate in the following business segments:
* * *
Our management team is committed to building long-term value through operational excellence. In additon, we routinely review and evaluate our portfolio of existing businesses to determine if they continue to meet our business objectives. As part of our ongoing evaluation of such businesses, we intend from time to time to explore and conduct discussions with regard to joint ventures, divestitures and related corporate transactions. However, we can give no assurance with respect to the magnitude, timing, likelihood or financial or business effect of any possible transaction. We also cannot predict whether any divestitures or other transactions will be consummated or, if consummated, will result in a financial or other benefit to us. We intend to use a portion of the proceeds from any such dispositions and cash from operations to retire indebtedness, make acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes. We also may, from time to time, pursue the acquisition of (or possible joint venture with) complementary businesses, primarily in the real estate industry. We expect to fund the purchase price of any such acquisition with cash on hand or borrowings under our credit lines.
Pursuant to certain covenant requirements in the indentures under which we issue debt, we continue to operate and maintain our status as a separate public reporting entity. Our principal executive office is located at One Campus Drive, Parsippany, N.J. 07054 (telephone number: (973) 428-9700).
SEGMENTS
MORTGAGE SERVICES SEGMENT (34%, 23% and 30% of revenue for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively)
Cendant Mortgage is a centralized mortgage lender conducting business in all 50 states. We focus on retail mortgage originations in which we issue mortgages directly to consumers (including through our private label channel) as opposed to purchasing closed loans from third parties. We originate mortgage loans through three principal business channels: real estate brokers, financial institutions and relocation. In the real estate brokerage channel, we originate, sell and service residential first and second mortgage loans in the United States through Cendant Mortgage, Century 21 Mortgage, Coldwell Banker Mortgage and ERA Mortgage. This channel generated approximately 26% of our mortgages in 2003. We are a leading provider of private label mortgage originations where a financial institution outsources its mortgage origination functions to us. Our financial institutions, or "private label" channel, which includes outsourcing arrangements with Merrill Lynch Credit Corporation and marketing arrangements with American Express Membership Bank, among others, generated approximately 71% of our mortgages in 2003. The relocation channel offers mortgages to employees being relocated through Cendant Mobility and generated 3% of
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our mortgages in 2003. We generate revenue through our loan originations, private label services, mortgage sales and mortgage servicing.
As of September 30, 2003, Cendant Mortgage was a top four retail originator of residential purchase mortgages, the sixth largest retail originator of residential mortgages (including refinance and purchase) and the tenth largest overall residential mortgage originator in the United States. Our purchase mortgage volume has grown from approximately $1 billion in 1990 to approximately $35 billion in 2003. Our total mortgage volume for 2003 was $83.7 billion.
We derive our mortgages through the following methods:
Our teleservices operation, the Phone In, Move In program, was developed in 1997 and has been established nationwide. Our teleservices operation, together with our web interface, which contains educational materials, rate quotes and a mortgage application, accounted for approximately 68% of our originations in 2003. Our field sales professionals accounted for approximately 19% of our originations in 2003, and while not a primary focus of our business, the purchase of closed loans accounted for approximately 13% of our mortgage volume in 2003.
The following table sets forth the composition of our mortgage loan originations by product type for each of the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001.
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2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed rate | 62.8 | % | 55.9 | % | 75.0 | % | |
| Adjustable rate | 37.2 | % | 44.1 | % | 25.0 | % | |
| Total | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |
| Conforming (*) | 69.1 | % | 63.1 | % | 77.5 | % | |
| Non-conforming | 30.9 | % | 36.9 | % | 22.5 | % | |
| Total | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |
Cendant Mortgage customarily sells all mortgages it originates to investors (which include a variety of institutional investors) generally within 60 days. Loans are typically sold as individual loans, mortgage-backed securities or participation certificates issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae Corp., the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or the Government National Mortgage Association. We generally retain the mortgage servicing rights on loans we sell. Cendant Mortgage earns revenue from the sale of the mortgage loans to investors, as well as on the servicing of the loans for investors. Mortgage servicing consists of collecting loan payments, remitting principal and interest payments to investors, managing escrow funds for payment of mortgage related expenses such as taxes and insurance, and administering our mortgage loan servicing portfolio.
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The following table sets forth summary data of our mortgage servicing activities as of December 31,:
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2003 (a) |
2002 (a) |
2001 (a) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding loans serviced ($ millions) | $ | 136,427 | $ | 114,079 | $ | 97,205 | ||||||
| Number of loans (units) | 888,860 | 786,201 | 717,251 | |||||||||
| Average loan size | $ | 153,485 | $ | 145,102 | $ | 135,525 | ||||||
| Weighted average interest rate (%) | 5.36 | % | 6.17 | % | 6.91 | % | ||||||
Delinquent Mortgage Loans (b): |
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| 30 days | 1.7 | % | 2.0 | % | 2.3 | % | ||||||
| 60 days | 0.3 | % | 0.4 | % | 0.5 | % | ||||||
| 90 days or more | 0.4 | % | 0.4 | % | 0.4 | % | ||||||
| Total delinquencies | 2.4 | % | 2.8 | % | 3.2 | % | ||||||
Foreclosures/Bankruptcies |
0.7 |
% |
0.7 |
% |
0.7 |
% |
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Major Geographical Concentrations (b): |
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| California | 10.9 | % | 11.8 | % | 11.9 | % | ||||||
| New Jersey | 9.4 | % | 7.4 | % | 6.9 | % | ||||||
| New York | 7.9 | % | 6.4 | % | 5.9 | % | ||||||
| Florida | 7.1 | % | 7.2 | % | 6.7 | % | ||||||
| Texas | 5.6 | % | 6.1 | % | 6.1 | % | ||||||
Growth. Our strategy is to increase sales by expanding all of our sources of business with emphasis on our private label program and purchase mortgage volume through our teleservices and Internet programs. We also expect to expand our volume of mortgage originations resulting from corporate employee relocations through increased linkage with Cendant Mobility and increasing our marketing programs within Cendant's real estate brokerage franchise systems and real estate brokerage business. Each of these growth opportunities is driven by our low cost teleservices platform. The competitive advantage of using a centralized, efficient and high quality teleservices platform allows us to more cost effectively capture a greater percentage of the highly fragmented mortgage marketplace.
Competition. Competition is based on service, quality, products and price. Cendant Mortgage's share of retail mortgage originations in the United States was 5.1% as of September 30, 2003. The mortgage industry is highly fragmented and, according to Inside Mortgage Finance, the industry leader, at September 30, 2003, reported approximately a 19% share in the United States. Competitive conditions can also be impacted by shifts in consumer preference for variable rate mortgages from fixed rate mortgages, depending upon the current interest rate market.
Seasonality. The principal sources of revenue for our mortgage services business are based upon the timing of residential real estate sales, which are generally lower in the first calendar quarter each year.
Trademarks and Intellectual Property. The trademark "Cendant Mortgage" and related trademarks and logos are material to our mortgage services business. Our mortgage services business actively uses these marks and all of the material marks are registered (or have applications pending for registration) with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and are owned by us.
Employees. The businesses that make up our Mortgage Services segment employed approximately 6,800 persons as of December 31, 2003.
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RELOCATION SERVICES SEGMENT (15%, 17% and 18% of revenue for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively)
Cendant Mobility is the largest provider of outsourced corporate employee relocation services in the United States and in 2003 assisted more than 111,000 affinity customers, transferring employees and global assignees, including over 25,000 transferring employees internationally in over 135 countries. We deliver services from facilities in the United States, England, Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. In addition, we deliver services at client facilities.
We primarily offer corporate and government clients employee relocation services, such as:
The wide range of our services allows clients to outsource their entire relocation programs to us.
Clients pay a fee for the services performed and/or permit Cendant Mobility to retain referral fees collected from brokers. We also receive commissions or referral fees from third-party service providers, such as van lines. The majority of our clients pay interest on home equity advances and reimburse all costs associated with our services, including, if necessary, repayment of home equity advances and reimbursement of losses on the sale of homes purchased. This limits our exposure on such items to the credit risk of our corporate clients rather than to the potential changes in value of residential real estate. We believe such risk is minimal due to the credit quality of our corporate clients. Net credit losses as a percentage of the average balance of relocation receivables serviced has been less than 0.25% in each of the last five years. In addition, the average holding period for U.S. homes we purchased in 2003 on behalf of our clients was 44 days. In transactions where we assume the risk for losses on the sale of homes (primarily U.S. Federal government agency clients), which comprise less than 4% of net revenue for our relocation services business, we control all facets of the resale process, thereby limiting our exposure.
About 5% of our relocation revenue is derived from our affinity services, which provide real estate and relocation services, including home buying and selling assistance, as well as mortgage assistance and moving services, to organizations such as insurance and airline companies that have established members. Often these organizations offer our affinity services to their members at no cost. This service helps the organizations attract new members and retain current members. Personal assistance is provided to over 60,000 individuals, with approximately 27,000 real estate transactions annually. In addition, we derive about 6% of our relocation revenue from referrals within Cendant's real estate broker network.
Growth. Our strategy is to grow our global relocation services business by generating business from corporations and U.S. Federal government agencies seeking to outsource their relocation function due to downsizing, cost containment initiatives and increased need for expense tracking. This strategy includes bringing innovative products and services to the market and expanding our business as a lower cost
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provider by focusing on operational improvements and collecting fees from our supplier partners to whom we refer business. We also seek to grow our affinity services business by increasing the number of accounts, as well as through higher penetration of existing accounts.
Competition. Competition is based on service, quality and price. We are the largest provider of outsourced relocation services in the United States and a leader in the United Kingdom, Australia and Southeast Asia. In the United States, we compete with in-house relocation solutions and with numerous providers of outsourced relocation services, the largest of which is Prudential Relocation Management. Internationally, we compete with in-house solutions, local relocation providers and international accounting firms.
Seasonality. The principal sources of revenue for our relocation services business are based upon the timing of transferee moves, which are generally lower in the first and last quarter of each year.
Trademarks and Intellectual Property. The trademark "Cendant Mobility" and related trademarks and logos are material to our relocation services business. Our relocation services business actively uses these marks and all of the material marks are registered (or have applications pending for registration) with the United States Patent and Trademark Office as well as major countries worldwide where this business has significant operations and are owned by us.
Employees. The businesses that make up our Relocation Services segment employed approximately 2,200 persons as of December 31, 2003.
FLEET MANAGEMENT SERVICES SEGMENT (51%, 60% and 49% of revenue for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively)
PHH Arval, the second largest provider of outsourced commercial fleet management services in North America, and Wright Express, the largest proprietary fleet card service provider in the United States, compose our Fleet Management Services segment.
We provide corporate clients and government agencies the following services and products for which we are generally paid a monthly fee:
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petroleum companies; and (iii) the co-branded card, under which Wright Express fleet cards are co-branded and issued in conjunction with products and services of partners such as commercial vehicle leasing companies, including PHH Arval. Wright Express also issues MasterCard branded fleet, purchasing and travel and entertainment commercial charge cards. Wright Express issues commercial fleet cards through its wholly-owned subsidiary Wright Express Financial Services Corporation. Wright Express Financial Services is a Utah-chartered industrial loan corporation regulated, supervised and regularly examined by the Utah Department of Financial Institutions and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Growth. We intend to focus our efforts for growth on the large fleet segment and middle market fleets as well as fee-based services to new and existing clients. Wright Express has also made a substantial investment in its technology to aggressively pursue new business opportunities both in the United States and internationally.
Competition. The principal factors for competition in vehicle management services are service, quality and price. We are a fully integrated provider of fleet management services with a broad range of product offerings. Among providers of outsourced fleet management services, we rank second in North America in the number of leased vehicles under management and first in the number of proprietary fuel and maintenance cards for fleet use in circulation. Our competitors in the United States include GE Capital Fleet Services, Wheels Inc., Automotive Resources International (ARI), Lease Plan International and hundreds of local and regional competitors, including numerous competitors who focus on one or two products. In the United States, it is estimated that only 59% of fleets are leased by third-party providers. The continued focus by corporations on cost efficiency and outsourcing is expected to provide growth opportunities in the future.
Trademarks and Intellectual Property. The service marks "Wright Express," "WEX," "PHH" and related trademarks and logos are material to our commercial fleet management services business. Wright Express, PHH Arval and their licensees actively use these marks. All of the material marks used by Wright Express and PHH Arval are registered (or have applications pending for registration) with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. All of the material marks used by PHH Arval are also registered in major countries throughout the world where the fleet management services are offered by Arval PHH. We own the marks used in Wright Express' and PHH Arval's business.
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Seasonality. Our commercial fleet management services business is generally not seasonal.
Employees. The businesses that make up our Fleet Management Services segment employed approximately 1,850 people as of December 31, 2003.
GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENTS
Financial data for geographic segments are reported in Note 16Segment Information to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
REGULATION
Real Estate Regulation. The federal Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA") and state real estate brokerage laws restrict payments which real estate and mortgage brokers and other parties may receive or pay in connection with the sales of residences (e.g., mortgages). Such laws may to some extent restrict preferred alliance and other arrangements involving our Mortgage Services and Relocation Services segments. Our mortgage services business is also subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, including those relating to real estate settlement procedures, fair lending, fair credit reporting, truth in lending, federal and state disclosure and licensing. Currently, there are local efforts in certain states, which could limit referral fees to our relocation services business.
Internet Regulation. Although our business units' operations on the Internet are not currently regulated by any government agency in the United States beyond regulations discussed above and applicable to businesses generally, it is likely that a number of laws and regulations may be adopted governing the Internet. In addition, existing laws may be interpreted to apply to the Internet in ways not currently applied. Regulatory and legal requirements are subject to change and may become more restrictive, making our business units' compliance more difficult or expensive or otherwise restricting their ability to conduct their businesses as they are now conducted.
Commercial Fleet Leasing Regulation. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations including those relating to taxing and licensing of vehicles, consumer credit, environmental protection and labor matters. Our fleet leasing businesses could be liable for damages in connection with motor vehicle accidents under the theory of vicarious liability. Under this theory, companies that lease motor vehicles may be subject to liability for the tortuous acts of their lessees, even in situations where the leasing company has not been negligent and there is no product defect involved. Wright Express Financial Services Corporation is subject to a variety of state and federal laws and regulations applicable to FDIC-insured, state-chartered financial institutions.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2003, we employed approximately 11,000 people. Management considers our employee relations to be satisfactory. None of our employees are covered under collective bargaining arrangements.
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Our principal executive offices are located in leased space at One Campus Drive, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054.
Mortgage Services Business. Our mortgage services business has centralized its operations to one main area occupying various leased offices in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey for a total of approximately 900,000 square feet. The lease terms expire in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013 and 2022. Our mortgage services business has recently entered into a lease for a new building, also in the Mt. Laurel area, which is anticipated to be completed and occupied in 2004. The new lease expires in 2014. There is a second area of centralized offices in Jacksonville, Florida, where space is occupied pursuant to two leases expiring in 2005 and 2008. In addition, there are approximately 24 smaller regional offices located throughout the United States.
Relocation Services Business. Our relocation services business has its main corporate operations in two leased buildings in Danbury, Connecticut with lease terms expiring in 2004 and 2008. There are also five leased regional offices located in Mission Viejo and Walnut Creek, California; Chicago, Illinois; Irving, Texas and Bethesda, Maryland, which provide operation support services. Facilities referred to in the preceding sentence are pursuant to leases that expire in 2013, 2005, 2004, 2008 and 2005, respectively. International offices are located in Swindon and Hammersmith, United Kingdom; Melbourne and Sydney, Australia; Hong Kong and Singapore pursuant to leases that expire in 2012, 2017, 2005, 2005, 2004 and 2004, respectively.
Commercial Fleet Management Services Business. PHH Arval maintains a headquarters office in Hunt Valley, Maryland pursuant to a lease expiring in the first quarter of 2004. At that time, these functions will be relocated to a new 210,000 square foot office in Sparks, Maryland, which has a lease expiring in 2014. PHH Arval also leases office space and marketing centers in six locations in Canada. In addition, Wright Express leases office space in Portland, Maine and Salt Lake City, Utah, under leases expiring in 2012.
After the April 15, 1998 announcement of the discovery of accounting irregularities in the former CUC business units, and prior to the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, approximately 70 lawsuits claiming to be class actions and other proceedings were commenced against Cendant and other defendants. Cendant has settled the principal securities class action pending against it and such settlement was fully funded by Cendant on May 24, 2002.
Cendant is involved in litigation asserting claims associated with the accounting irregularities discovered in former CUC business units outside of the principal common stockholder class action litigation. Cendant cannot give any assurance as to the final outcome or resolution of these proceedings. However, Cendant does not believe that the impact of such proceedings should result in a material liability to us in relation to our consolidated financial position or liquidity.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
Omitted pursuant to General Instruction I (2) to Form 10-K.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
Not Applicable
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
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At or For the Year Ended December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
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| |
(In millions) |
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| Results of Operations | |||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 2,971 | $ | 2,449 | $ | 2,578 | $ | 898 | $ | 830 | |||||
Income from continuing operations |
$ |
284 |
$ |
98 |
$ |
262 |
$ |
192 |
$ |
182 |
|||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | | | | (9 | ) | 905 | |||||||||
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | (35 | ) | | | |||||||||
| Net income | $ | 284 | $ | 98 | $ | 227 | $ | 183 | $ | 1,087 | |||||
| Financial Position | |||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 11,506 | $ | 10,079 | $ | 9,592 | $ | 4,417 | $ | 4,287 | |||||
| Assets under management and mortgage programs | 9,239 | 8,057 | 7,701 | 2,999 | 2,805 | ||||||||||
| Debt under management and mortgage programs | 7,381 | 6,463 | 6,063 | 2,040 | 2,314 | ||||||||||
| Stockholder's equity | 2,108 | 1,951 | 1,777 | 1,550 | 1,184 | ||||||||||
In presenting the financial data above in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. See "Critical Accounting Policies" under Item 7 included elsewhere herein for a detailed discussion of the accounting policies that we believe require subjective and complex judgments that could potentially affect reported results.
During 2003, we consolidated a number of entities pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46R, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities," and/or as a result of amendments to the underlying structures of certain of the facilities we use to securitize assets. See Notes 2, 9 and 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
During 2001, we completed the acquisition of the fleet management services business of Avis Group Holdings, Inc., which materially impacted our results of operations and financial position. See Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of such acquisition and the pro forma impact thereof on our results of operations. Additionally, during 2002, we adopted the non-amortization provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." Accordingly, our results of operations for 2001, 2000 and 1999 reflect the amortization of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, while our results of operations for 2003 and 2002 do not reflect such amortization. See Note 2Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a pro forma disclosure depicting our results of operations during 2001 after applying the non-amortization provisions of SFAS No. 142.
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax includes the after tax results of discontinued operations and the gain (loss) on disposal of discontinued operations.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Business Section and our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes thereto included elsewhere herein. Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts are in millions and those relating to our results of operations are presented before taxes.
We are a provider of mortgage, relocation and fleet management services and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cendant Corporation. Our Mortgage Services segment provides home buyers with mortgages; our Relocation Services segment facilitates employee relocations; and our Fleet Management Services segment provides commercial fleet management and fuel card services.
Our management team is committed to building long-term value through operational excellence. In addition, we routinely review and evaluate our portfolio of existing businesses to determine if they continue to meet our business objectives. As part of our ongoing evaluation of such businesses, we intend from time to time to explore and conduct discussions with regard to joint ventures, divestitures and related corporate transactions. However, we can give no assurance with respect to the magnitude, timing, likelihood or financial or business effect of any possible transaction. We also cannot predict whether any divestitures or other transactions will be consummated or, if consummated, will result in a financial or other benefit to us. We intend to use a portion of the proceeds from any such dispositions and cash from operations to retire indebtedness, make acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes. We also may, from time to time, pursue the acquisition of (or possible joint venture with) complementary businesses, primarily in the real estate industry. We expect to fund the purchase price of any such acquisition with cash on hand or borrowings under our credit lines.
Discussed below are the results of operations for each of our reportable segments. Management evaluates the operating results of each of our reportable segments based upon revenue and "EBITDA," which is defined as income from continuing operations before non-program related depreciation and amortization, income taxes and minority interest. In fourth quarter 2003, we began to measure the performance of our mortgage and relocation services businesses separate and apart from one another. Therefore, the information presented below for 2003 and 2002 has been revised to present our mortgage and relocation services businesses as separate segments. Additionally, on January 1, 2003, we changed the performance measure we use to evaluate the operating results of our reportable segments and, as such, the information presented below for 2002 has been revised to reflect this change. Our presentation of EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.
| |
Revenues |
EBITDA |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
% Change |
2003 |
2002 |
% Change |
|||||||||||
| Mortgage Services | $ | 1,025 | $ | 553 | 85 | % | $ | 302 | $ | (9 | ) | * | |||||
| Relocation Services | 438 | 419 | 5 | 124 | 130 | (5 | ) | ||||||||||
| Fleet Management Services | 1,512 | 1,480 | 2 | 114 | 105 | 9 | |||||||||||
| Total Reportable Segments | 2,975 | 2,452 | 21 | 540 | 226 | 139 | |||||||||||
| Corporate and Other (a) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | * | (10 | ) | (1 | ) | * | |||||||
| Total Company | $ | 2,971 | $ | 2,449 | 21 | 530 | 225 | ||||||||||
Less: Non-program related depreciation and amortization |
62 |
61 |
|||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes and minority interest | $ | 468 | $ | 164 | |||||||||||||
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Mortgage Services
Revenues and EBITDA increased $472 million (85%) and $311 million, respectively, in 2003 compared with 2002 primarily due to increased production volume and servicing revenues.
Revenues from mortgage loan production increased $449 million (52%) in 2003 compared with the prior year and were derived from growth in our fee-based mortgage origination operations (in which we broker or are outsourced mortgage origination activity for a fee) and a 56% increase in the volume of loans that we sold. We sold $59.5 billion of mortgage loans in 2003 compared with $38.1 billion in 2002, generating incremental production revenues of $330 million. In addition, production revenues generated from our fee-based mortgage-origination activity increased $119 million (51%) as compared with 2002. Production fee income on fee-based loans is generated at the time of closing, whereas originated mortgage loans held for sale generate revenues at the time of sale (within 60 days after closing). Accordingly, our production revenue in any given period is driven by a mix of mortgage loans closed and mortgage loans sold. Total mortgage loans closed increased $25.4 billion (44%) to $83.7 billion in 2003, comprised of a $21.9 billion (57%) increase in closed loans to be securitized (sold by us) and a $3.5 billion (18%) increase in closed loans that were fee-based. Refinancings increased $18.5 billion (61%) to $48.7 billion and purchase mortgage closings grew $6.9 billion (25%) to $35.0 billion.
Net revenues from servicing mortgage loans increased $112 million primarily due to a $275 million non-cash provision for impairment of our mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") asset recorded in 2002. Declines in interest rates at such time resulted in increases to our current and estimated future loan prepayment rates and a corresponding provision for impairment against the value of our MSR asset. Apart from this impairment charge, net servicing revenues declined $163 million, primarily due to a period-over-period increase in MSR amortization and provision for impairment (recorded as a contra revenue) of $246 million, partially offset by $48 million of incremental gains from hedging and other derivative activities. The increase in MSR amortization and provision for impairment is a result of the high levels of refinancings and related mortgage loan prepayments that occurred in 2003 due to low mortgage interest rates during 2003. The incremental gains from hedging and other derivative activities resulted from our strategies to protect earnings in the event that there was a decline in the value of our MSR asset, which can be caused by, among other factors, reductions in interest rates, as such reductions tend to increase borrower prepayment activity. In addition, recurring servicing fees (fees received for servicing existing loans in the portfolio), increased $33 million (8%) driven by a 16% period-over-period increase in the average servicing portfolio, which rose to $122.9 billion in 2003.
Interest rates have risen from their lows in the earlier part of 2003 and, as a result, in fourth quarter 2003 mortgage refinancing volume and resulting net production revenues comparatively declined. This decline in mortgage production revenues has been partially offset by an increase in revenues from mortgage servicing activities. Assuming interest rates remain constant or continue to rise, although no assurances can be given, we expect this trend (lower production revenue, partially offset by increased servicing revenue, net of hedging and other derivative activity) to continue during 2004. Historically, mortgage production and mortgage servicing operations have been counter-cyclical in nature and represented a naturally offsetting relationship. Additionally, to supplement this relationship, we have maintained a comprehensive, non-speculative mortgage risk management program to further mitigate the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on our operating results.
Revenues and EBITDA declined by $89 million and $30 million, respectively, due to the distribution of our former title and appraisal businesses on December 31, 2002 to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cendant not within our ownership structure. As a result, we did not recognize revenues and expenses from these businesses in 2003, whereas these businesses contributed revenues and EBITDA of $89 million and $30 million, respectively, in 2002.
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Operating and administrative expenses within this segment increased approximately $207 million compared to 2002 primarily due to the direct costs incurred in connection with increased mortgage loan production and related servicing activities.
Relocation Services
Revenues increased $19 million (5%), while EBITDA declined $6 million (5%) in 2003 compared with 2002. The increase in revenues reflects a benefit of $17 million resulting from a change in presentation during 2003 to conform to the accounting presentation used by similar larger-scale businesses within our Mortgage Services segment. There was no impact to EBITDA from this change in presentation. Excluding such reclassifications, revenues and EBITDA remained relatively constant year-over-year.
Fleet Management Services
Revenues and EBITDA increased $32 million (2%) and $9 million (9%), respectively, in 2003 compared with 2002 primarily due to a combination of the addition of new customers and an increase in usage of our fuel card services business' proprietary fleet fuel card product. Additionally, higher gasoline prices also contributed to the revenue growth, since our fuel card services business earns a percentage of total gasoline purchases by its clients. The EBITDA impact was partially offset by higher operating expenses incurred to support the additional usage.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We present separately the financial data of our management and mortgage programs. These programs are distinct from our other activities as the assets are generally funded through the issuance of debt that is collateralized by such assets. Specifically, in our fleet management, relocation and mortgage services businesses, assets under management and mortgage programs are funded through either borrowings under asset-backed funding arrangements or unsecured borrowings. Such borrowings are classified as debt under management and mortgage programs. The income generated by these assets is used, in part, to repay the principal and interest associated with the debt. Cash inflows and outflows relating to the generation or acquisition of such assets and the principal debt repayment or financing of such assets are classified as activities of our management and mortgage programs. We believe it is appropriate to segregate the financial data of our management and mortgage programs because, ultimately, the source of repayment of such debt is the realization of such assets.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Total assets and liabilities increased approximately $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, primarily due to the consolidation of Bishop's Gate Residential Mortgage Trust and Apple Ridge Funding LLC. Further contributing to the increase in total assets was an increase in our MSR asset principally resulting from an increase in the aggregate amount of the mortgage portfolio we service. Also contributing to the increase in total liabilities were additional debt borrowings to support the growth in our portfolio of assets under management and mortgage programs (see "Liquidity and Capital ResourcesFinancial ObligationsDebt Related to Management and Mortgage Programs" for a detailed account of the change in debt related to management and mortgage programs) and a liability recognized in connection with hedging activities of our MSR asset. Stockholder's equity increased primarily due to $284 million of net income generated during 2003 partially offset by dividend payments of $140 million to Cendant.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand and our ability to generate cash through operations and financing activities, as well as available funding arrangements and committed credit facilities, each of which is discussed below.
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CASH FLOWS
At December 31, 2003, we had $106 million of cash on hand, an increase of $76 million from $30 million at December 31, 2002. The following table summarizes such increase:
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Year Ended December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
2003 |
2002 |
Change |
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| Cash provided by (used in): | |||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 3,842 | $ | 1,412 | $ | 2,430 | |||||
| Investing activities | (1,920 | ) | (1,715 | ) | (205 | ) | |||||
| Financing activities | (1,829 | ) | 204 | (2,033 | ) | ||||||
| Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (17 | ) | (3 | ) | (14 | ) | |||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 76 | $ | (102 | ) | $ | 178 | ||||
During 2003, we generated approximately $2.4 billion more cash from operating activities as compared to 2002. Such change primarily represents (i) stronger operating results, (ii) better management of our working capital and (iii) the activities from our management and mortgage programs, which produced a larger cash inflow in 2003 resulting primarily from timing differences between the receipt of cash on the sale of previously originated mortgage loans and the origination of new mortgage loans.
During 2003, we used $205 million more cash in investing activities as compared to 2002. This change principally reflects timing differences within our relocation program similar to those discussed above with respect to mortgage activities, partially offset by a reduction in the year-over-year net cash outflow resulting from investments in and payments received on vehicles, also due to timing differences. Our spending on capital expenditures, which remained constant year-over-year, supported operational growth and marketing opportunities and developed operating efficiencies through technological improvements. We anticipate aggregate capital expenditure investments for 2004 to be approximately $65 million.
During 2003, we used approximately $1.8 billion of net cash in financing activities as compared to generating $204 million of net cash during 2002. Such change principally reflects greater repayments of borrowings related to management and mortgage programs in 2003 and cash dividends of $140 million paid to Cendant in 2003. See "Liquidity and Capital ResourcesFinancial Obligations" for a detailed discussion of changes to our debt related to management and mortgage programs during 2003.
FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS
In connection with FASB Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities," ("FIN 46"), our debt under management and mortgage programs now reflects the debt issued by Bishop's Gate, a bankruptcy remote special purpose entity ("SPE") that we utilize to warehouse mortgage loans we originate prior to selling them into the secondary market. See Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding Bishop's Gate.
Debt under management and mortgage programs also reflects the debt issued by Apple Ridge, a bankruptcy remote SPE that we utilize to securitize relocation receivables generated from advancing funds to clients of our relocation services business. During 2003, the underlying structure of Apple Ridge was amended in a manner that resulted in this entity no longer meeting the criteria to qualify as an off-balance sheet entity. Consequently, we now consolidate Apple Ridge and the debt issued is reflected within debt
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under management and mortgage programs as of December 31, 2003. The following table summarizes the components of our debt under management and mortgage programs:
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As of December 31, |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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2003 |
2002 |
Change |
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| Asset-Backed Debt: | ||||||||||||
| Vehicle management program | $ | 3,118 | $ | 3,058 | $ | 60 | ||||||
| Mortgage program | ||||||||||||
| Bishop's Gate (a) | 1,651 | | 1,651 | |||||||||
| Other | | 871 | (871 | ) | ||||||||
| Relocation program | ||||||||||||