UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| ý | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2002 | |
| or | |
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the transition period from to | |
Commission file number 0-33169
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
13-4066229 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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6551 Park of Commerce Boulevard, N.W. Boca Raton, Florida 33487 (Address of principal executive offices, zip code) |
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Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (561) 998-2232
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the act:
Common Stock, $.0001 Par Value Per Share
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ý No o
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of Common Stock on June 30, 2002 of $37.80 as reported on the Nasdaq National Market, was $787,450,242.60. This calculation does not reflect a determination that persons are affiliated for any other purpose.
As of March 18, 2003, 32,273,801 shares of Common Stock, $.0001 par value per share, were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which statement will be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Report, are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof.
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| PART I | ||||
| ITEM 1. | BUSINESS | 1 | ||
| RISK FACTORS | 12 | |||
| ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES | 16 | ||
| ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 17 | ||
| ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS | 17 | ||
PART II |
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| ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | 17 | ||
| ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 18 | ||
| ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 21 | ||
| ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 34 | ||
| ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 34 | ||
| ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | 34 | ||
PART III |
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| ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT | 35 | ||
| ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 35 | ||
| ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | 35 | ||
| ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS | 35 | ||
| ITEM 14. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 35 | ||
PART IV |
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| ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K | 36 | ||
| SIGNATURES | 37 | |||
| CERTIFICATIONS | 38 |
All references to "we, "us," "our," or "Cross Country" in this Report on Form 10-K means Cross Country, Inc.
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Forward-Looking Statements
In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to; those discussed in the section entitled "Business-Risk Factors". Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's opinions only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements. Readers should carefully review the Risk Factors described in other documents the Company files from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q to be filed by the Company in fiscal year 2003.
Overview of Our Company
We are one of the largest providers of healthcare staffing services in the United States. Our healthcare staffing business segment, which represents approximately 92% of our revenue, is comprised of travel nurse and allied health staffing, per diem nurse staffing and clinical research trials staffing. Approximately 80% of our revenue is derived from travel nurse staffing services. Our other staffing services include the placement of allied healthcare professionals, such as radiology technicians, rehabilitation therapists and respiratory therapists, and the placement of clinical research professionals. Our Other Human Capital Management Services business segment, which represents approximately 8% of our revenues, consists of education and training, healthcare consulting, and physician and executive search services.
Our active client base includes more than 3,000 hospitals, pharmaceutical companies and other healthcare providers across all 50 states. Our fees are paid directly by our clients rather than by government or other third-party payors. As a result, we have no direct exposure to Medicare or Medicaid reimbursements. We are well positioned to take advantage of current industry dynamics, including the growing shortage of nurses in the United States, the growing demand for healthcare services due to an aging population and the secular trend among healthcare providers toward outsourcing staffing services. For the year ended December 31, 2002, our revenue was $640.0 million and our net income was $29.8 million, or $0.88 per diluted share.
Overview of Our Industry
The Staffing Industry Report, an independent staffing industry publication, estimates that the healthcare segment of the temporary staffing industry was $8.5 billion in 2001, an increase of 18% from $7.2 billion in 2000. Nurse staffing represents over 70% of the revenue generated in the temporary medical staffing industry.
The most common temporary nurse staffing alternatives available to hospital administrators are travel nurses and per diem nurses.
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continuity of care. The staffing company generally is responsible for providing travel nurses with customary employment benefits and for coordinating travel and housing arrangements.
Industry Dynamics
Shortage of Nurses. There is a pronounced shortage of registered nurses, especially experienced acute care specialty nurses, which staff operating rooms, emergency rooms, intensive care units and pediatric wards. The American Hospital Association currently estimates the shortage of nurses to be approximately 126,000. The nurse shortage is expected to grow over the coming decades to an estimated 20% below requirements by the year 2015 and 29% below requirements by the year 2020, according to a report by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (July 2002). Similarly, a 2002 report to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) titled "Health Care at the CrossroadsStrategies for Addressing the Evolving Nursing Shortage," quantified this shortage stating that by the year 2020 there will be at least 400,000 fewer nurses available to provide care than will be needed.
According to the July 2002 report mentioned above, the national shortage of registered nurses is not evenly distributed across the U.S. In 2000, 30 states were estimated to have shortages. By the year 2020, 44 states and the District of Columbia are projected to have shortages.
Several factors have contributed to the decline in the supply of nurses:
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of Nursing (AACN) reported a 3.7% increase in baccalaureate enrollment between 2000 and 2001, there are approximately 21,000 fewer nursing students than in 1995. In addition, the relatively longer educational time frame required to complete baccalaureate studies increases the length of time before students can take the NCLEX test and emerge as licensed nurses.
Increasing Utilization of Healthcare Services. There are a number of factors driving an increase in the utilization of healthcare services, including:
Spending on hospital services has grown 61% over the past 10 years. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services project that annual growth in spending on hospital services will remain relatively constant at about 6% throughout the next decade while total healthcare expenditures are expected to grow by an average of 7.1% annually from 2001 through 2010. During the past few years, growth in spending on hospital services has moderatedfrom 8.3% in 2001 to 7.4% in 2002, and is expected to be 5.5% in 2003.
Increased Outsourcing of Staffing Services. The use of temporary personnel enables healthcare providers the flexibility to vary their staffing levels to match the changes in demand of their permanent staff caused by both planned and unplanned vacancies. Healthcare providers also use temporary personnel to address budgeted shortfalls due to vacancy rates and are increasingly using temporary staffing to manage seasonal fluctuations in demand for their services. The following factors have created seasonal fluctuations in demand for healthcare personnel:
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From 1997 to 2001, the growth in the number of agency nurses was 46% compared to 7% for hospital nurses, according to the PriceWaterhouseCoopers 2003 report. The healthcare staffing industry also includes the temporary staffing of doctors and dentists, allied health personnel and professionals, and advanced practice professionals, but excludes home healthcare services.
Temporary Decrease in Demand. We believe that hospitals have taken nurse-staffing actions that have decreased demand for travel nurse staffing, which we believe has temporarily slowed our rate of revenue growth during the later part of 2002. We believe these decisions have resulted in increased reliance on staff nurse overtime, increased patient-to-nurse ratios and high wage and compensation increases, including sign-on bonuses, by the hospitals. We also believe that due to present economic conditions, where many nurse's spouses have been laid off and severance and unemployment benefits have ended, many part-time nurses employed directly by hospitals who would have typically worked two shifts or less per week have increased the number of shifts worked at their hospitals and are doing so at the prevailing hospital wage. Other factors that affect the demand for our services are patient occupancy rates. As occupancy increases, temporary employees are often added before full-time employees are hired. As occupancy decreases, clients tend to reduce their use of temporary employees before undertaking layoffs of their regular employees. Additionally, we may experience more competitive pricing pressure during these periods of decreased demand.
Legislation Change that will Increase Demand. In response to concerns by consumer groups over the quality of care provided in healthcare facilities and concerns by nursing organizations about the increased workloads and pressures on nurses, a number of states have either passed or introduced legislation related to prohibiting mandatory overtime and addressing nurse-to-patient ratios. The passage of such legislation is expected to increase the demand for nurses. California, in particular, has passed legislation requiring minimum nurse-to-patient ratios at all hospitals. Maine, New Jersey and Oregon have passed legislation limiting mandatory overtime for nurses. Several states are considering, or have already introduced, similar legislation.
Our Competitive Strengths
Our competitive strengths include:
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countries, assist them in obtaining U.S. nursing licenses, sponsor them for U.S. permanent residency visas and then place them in domestic acute care hospitals. In 2002, approximately 15,700 field staff completed applications were added to our database. Employee referrals generated a majority of our new candidates. We believe we offer appealing assignments, competitive compensation packages, attractive housing options and other valuable benefits. In 2002, approximately 70% of our nurses accepted a new assignment with us within 35 days of completing a previous assignment with us. In 1996, we established Cross Country University, the first educational program in the travel nurse industry to be accredited by the American Nurse Credentialing Center. Cross Country University provides accreditation and continuing education to our nurses and other healthcare professionals.
Our Business
Healthcare Staffing Services
Nurse Staffing
We are a leading provider of travel nurse staffing services in the U.S. In 2002, we reorganized the delivery of our healthcare staffing services under the Cross Country Staffing umbrella to provide fixed-term, flexible-term and permanent staffing solutions on an integrated basis. Cross Country Staffing provides hospital clients with a single point of access to our differentiated nurse recruitment brands consisting of Cross Country TravCorps, NovaPro, Cross Country Local and Assignment America, which allows us to recruit nurses and allied healthcare professionals on a domestic and international basis, and deliver an array of high quality staffing services. Nurse staffing services represented approximately 87% of this segment's revenue in 2002.
We provide credentialed nurses for contracted fixed-term and flexible-term assignments at public and private, and for-profit and not-for-profit facilities throughout the U.S., Canada, Bermuda and the
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U.S. Virgin Islands. The majority of our assignments are at acute care hospitals, including teaching institutions, trauma centers and community hospitals located in major metropolitan areas. We also provide other healthcare professionals, which include operating room technicians, therapists and other allied health and advanced practice professionals, such as radiology technicians, rehabilitation therapists and respiratory therapists, in a wide range of specialties. We also fill staffing assignments in non-acute care settings, including nursing homes, skilled nursing facilities and sports medicine clinics, and, to a lesser degree, in non-clinical settings, such as schools.
In addition, we provide contractual per diem nurse staffing services to healthcare facilities as a staffing solution to fill the immediate needs in managing both their day-to-day shift coverage and varying-length local shift coverage. We operate our per diem nurse staffing services under a centralized model that leverages the quality of recruitment and credentialing associated with the reputation and brand recognition of our travel nurse staffing business while providing our hospital clients with 24x7 centralized call center service from our headquarters in Boca Raton, Florida. We also operate 5 local offices, which only conduct recruitment and credentialing. In contrast, traditional per diem staffing businesses operate fully staffed, full-service branches in the cities they serve. In 2002, we provided flexible-term per diem nurse staffing services to healthcare facilities in 25 states. While per diem services accounted for less than 1% of our revenue in 2002, we believe this market presents a significant growth opportunity.
Sales and Marketing
During 2002, we reorganized our sales and marketing efforts to respond to changing industry dynamics. To accomplish this task, Cross Country Staffing markets all the Company's differentiated nurse and allied recruitment brands to hospitals on an integrated basis.
The Cross Country Staffing sales and marketing organization is focused on obtaining preferred provider relationships with existing and new hospital clients and healthcare purchasing organizations. The organizational structure includes a National Accounts Team, Territory Sales Team, Account Managers, and Product Specialists who provide a support function.
Brand Marketing. Our brand marketing initiatives help develop and foster Cross Country's image in the markets we serve. Our brand is reinforced by our professionally designed website, brochures and pamphlets, direct mail and advertising materials. We believe that our branding initiatives, coupled with our high-quality client service, differentiate us from our competitors and establish us as a leader, in terms of brand recognition, in temporary nurse staffing.
Trade and Association Relationship Management. We actively manage trade and association relationships through attendance at numerous national, regional and local conferences and meetings, including National Association of Health Care Recruiters, Association of Critical Care Nurses, American Organization of Nurse Executives, American Society for Healthcare Human Resource Administration, American College of Healthcare Executives and Medical Group Management Association.
Nurse Recruiting
We operate differentiated nurse recruitment brands consisting of Cross Country TravCorps, NovaPro, Cross Country Local and Assignment America, which allow us to recruit nurses and allied healthcare professionals on a domestic and international basis, and deliver an array of high quality staffing services. We believe that these professionals are attracted to us because we offer them high levels of customer service, as well as a wide range of diverse assignments at attractive locations primarily throughout the United States as well as in Canada, Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
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Our nurse recruiters are a vital component of our business, responsible for establishing and maintaining key relationships with candidates from their introduction to the Company. Our recruiters work with the candidates throughout the placement process on their first assignment as well as subsequent assignments. We believe our strong retention rate is a direct result of these relationships. During 2002, we substantially increased the number of our nurse recruiters from 75 to 121 at year-end, thus increasing our internal capacity to match the supply of qualified nurse candidates in our database with the demand of positions from our hospital clients. We believe we have an adequate number of nurse recruiters to support the present level of demand.
Our Cross Country TravCorps and NovaPro brands recruit credentialed nurses and other healthcare professionals, including operating room technicians, therapists and other allied health and advanced practice professionals such as radiology technicians, rehabilitation therapists and respiratory therapists, for placement on fixed-term and flexible-term travel assignments away from their homes and local travel assignments. Our purchase of NovaPro in January of 2002 was our first step towards segmenting the nurse population. The working nurses of Cross Country Travcorps and NovaPro each fit a different demographic. Our Cross Country TravCorps brand offers nurses a more standardized benefits package while our NovaPro brand targets nurses seeking more customized benefits packages.
Our Cross Country Local brand recruits credentialed nurses and other healthcare professionals for flexible-term local per diem assignments at healthcare facilities made on short-notice to fill day-to-day shift coverage and varying-length shift coverage. We operate our flexible-term per diem staffing on a 24x7 basis from a centralized call center at our headquarters in Boca Raton, Florida. In 2002, we provided flexible-term per diem nurse staffing services to healthcare facilities in 25 states. We also operated five local offices that only conduct recruitment and credentialing in Florida (two offices), Arizona, Illinois and Washington.
In 2001, we initiated Assignment America, our international recruitment brand designed to address the present shortage of nurses in the U.S. by attracting foreign-trained nurses and supplementing nurse recruiting activities in the U.S. and Canada by our Cross Country TravCorps and NovaPro brands. Assignment America currently recruits experienced acute-care nurses from English-speaking foreign countries (the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia), executes their licensure and immigration requirements, and prepares them personally and professionally for their transition into the U.S. prior to placing them on long-term domestic assignments in acute care facilities. In January 2003, due to the current demand environment, Assignment America altered its recruitment model to focus on certain specialties. These specialties continue to have increases in demand year over year and include nurses that have completed their Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools Certificate Program to better meet efficiencies of the U.S Boards of Nursing and current immigration procedures. Assignment America currently has 342 nurses in its pipeline at various stages of the licensure and immigration process.
Recruiting and Retention
In 2002, approximately 15,700 completed field staff applications were added to our database. More than half of our field employees have been referred by current or former employees, with the remainder attracted by advertisements in trade publications and our internet website. Our internet site allows potential applicants to review our business profile, apply on-line, view our company-provided housing and participate in on-line forums. We offer appealing assignments, attractive compensation packages, housing and other benefits, as well as substantial training opportunities through Cross Country University.
Our recruiters are responsible for recruiting applicants, handling placements, maintaining a regular dialogue with nurses on assignment, making themselves available to address nurses' concerns regarding current assignments and future opportunities, and other significant job support and guidance.
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Recognizing that a nurse's relationship with the recruiter is the key to retaining qualified applicants, our recruiters establish lasting partnerships with the nurses. As part of the screening process, we conduct in-depth telephone interviews with our applicants and verify references to determine qualifications. Along with our hospital clients, we typically review our travel nurses' performance after each assignment and use this information to maintain the high quality of our staffing.
Our recruiters utilize our sophisticated database of positions, which is kept up-to-date by our account managers, to match assignment opportunities with the experience, skills and geographic preferences of their candidates. Once an assignment is selected, the account manager reviews the candidate's resume package before submitting it to the client for review. Our educational and training services give us a competitive advantage by enhancing both the quality of our nurses and the effectiveness of our recruitment efforts. We typically monitor the quality of our workforce in the field through performance reviews after each assignment and further develop the capabilities of our recruits through our Cross Country University brand. These services offer substantial benefits, such as:
Contracts With Field Employees and Clients
Each of our traveling field employees works for us under a contract. These contracts typically last 13 weeks. Our traveling field employees that are payroll contract employees are hourly employees whose contract specifies the hourly rate they will be paid, including applicable overtime, and any other benefits they are entitled to receive during the contract period. For payroll contract employees, we bill clients at an hourly rate and assume all employee costs, including payroll, withholding taxes, benefits and professional liability insurance and OSHA requirements, as well as any travel and housing arrangements. Mobile contract employees are hourly employees of the hospital client and receive an agreement that specifies the hourly rates they will be paid by the hospital employer, as well as any benefits they are entitled to receive from us. For mobile contract employees, we provide recruitment, housing in apartments we lease and travel services. Our contract with the healthcare professional obligates us to provide these services to the healthcare professional. We are compensated for the services we provide at a predetermined rate negotiated with our hospital client, without regard to our cost of providing these services. Currently approximately 99% of our employees work for us under payroll contracts. Our fees are paid directly by our clients rather than by government or other third-party payors. In 2002, we completed approximately 18,700 individual assignments, typically lasting 13 weeks. In 2001, we completed approximately 17,000 individual assignments.
Operations
We operate from a centralized business model servicing all of the assignment needs of our field employees and client facilities through operations centers located in Boca Raton and Tampa, FL and Malden, MA. These centers perform key support activities such as coordinating assignment accommodations, payroll processing, benefits administration, billing and collections, contract processing, client care, and risk management.
Hours worked by field employees are recorded by our operations system, which then transmits the data directly to Automated Data Processing (ADP) for payroll processing. As a result, biweekly client billings are generated automatically once the payroll information is complete, enabling real time management reporting capabilities as to hours worked, billings and payroll costs. Our payroll department also provides customer support services for field employees who have questions.
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We have approximately 3,100 apartments on lease throughout the U.S. Our client housing department secures leases, and arranges for furniture rental and utilities for field employees at their assignment locations. Typically, we provide for shared accommodations at no cost to the healthcare professional on assignment with us, with lease terms that generally correspond to the length of the assignment. We believe that our economies of scale help us secure preferred pricing and favorable lease terms.
We have also developed expertise in insurance, benefits administration and risk management. These programs are partially self-insured and are offered at no cost to our healthcare professionals.
Clinical Research and Trials Staffing
Through our ClinForce brand, we provide clinical research professionals for both fixed-term contract assignments and permanent placement to many of the world's leading companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device and related industries. We provide an array of professionals in such areas as clinical research and clinical data sciences, medical review and writing, and pharmacoeconomics and regulatory affairs. Our understanding of the clinical research process enables us to provide responsive service to our clients and to offer greater opportunities to our research professionals.
Other Human Capital Management Services
We provide an array of healthcare-oriented human capital management services, which complement our core travel nurse staffing business. These services include:
Search and Recruitment. We provide both retained and contingency search and recruitment services to healthcare organizations throughout the U.S., including hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, insurance companies and physician groups. Our search services include the placement of physicians, healthcare executives and nurses.
Healthcare Consulting Services. We provide healthcare-oriented consulting services, including consulting related to physician compensation, strategy, operations, facilities planning, workforce management and merger integration.
Education and Training Services. Cross Country University (CCU) provides continuing education programs to the healthcare industry. CCU holds national conferences, as well as one-day seminars, on topics relevant to nurses and other healthcare professionals. In 2002, CCU produced 4,623 seminars and conferences that were attended by approximately 143,700 registrants in 265 cities across the U.S. This compares to more than 3,300 CCU seminars and conferences that were attended by over 92,000 registrants in more than 200 cities across the U.S. in 2001. In addition, we extend these educational services to our field employees on favorable terms as a recruitment and retention tool.
Systems
Our placement and support operations are supported by sophisticated information systems that facilitate smooth interaction between our recruitment and support functions. Our fully integrated proprietary information system enables us to manage virtually all aspects of our travel staffing operations. The system is designed to accommodate significant future growth of our business. In addition, its parallel process design allows for the addition of further capacity to its existing hardware platform. We have proprietary software that handles most facets of our business, including contract pricing and profitability, contract processing, job posting, housing management, billing/payroll and insurance. Our systems provide reliable support to our facility clients and field employees and enable us to efficiently fulfill and renew job assignments. Our systems also provide detailed information on the status and skill set of each registered field employee.
Our financial and management reporting is managed on the PeopleSoft Financial Suite. PeopleSoft is a leading enterprise resource planning software suite that provides modules used to manage our
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accounts receivable, accounts payable, general ledger and billing. This system is designed to accommodate significant future growth of our business.
Growth Strategy
Despite the reduction in overall demand for outsourced healthcare staffing, there still remains a level of unmet demand for our fixed- and flexible-term healthcare staffing services. We are striving to meet a greater portion of this demand by recruiting additional licensed nurses and other healthcare professionals, establishing preferred provider relationships with hospital clients, and managing our internal capacity to maximize the changing supply and demand requirements of the healthcare staffing marketplace. We intend to continue to grow our businesses by:
Competitive Environment
The fixed- and flexible-term travel and per diem nurse staffing industry is highly competitive, with limited barriers to entry. Our principal competitor in the fixed-term travel nurse staffing industry is AMN Healthcare Services, Inc. We also compete with a number of nationally and regionally focused temporary nurse staffing companies that have the capabilities to relocate nurses geographically and, to a lesser extent, with local temporary nurse agencies. In addition, the markets for our clinical trials and allied staffing services and for our healthcare-oriented human capital management services are highly competitive and highly fragmented, with limited barriers to entry.
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The principal competitive factors in attracting qualified candidates for temporary employment are salaries and benefits, quality of accommodations, quality and breadth of assignments, speed of placements, quality of recruitment teams and reputation. We believe that persons seeking temporary employment through us are also pursuing employment through other means, including other temporary staffing firms, and that multiple staffing companies have the opportunity to place employees with many of our clients. Therefore, the ability to respond to candidate inquiries and submit candidates to clients more quickly than our competitors is an important factor in our ability to fill assignments. In addition, because of the large overlap of assignments, we focus on retaining field employees by providing long-term benefits, such as 401(k) plans and cash bonuses. Although we believe that the relative size of our database and economies of scale derived from the size of our operations make us an attractive employer for nurses seeking travel opportunities, we expect competition for candidates to continue to increase.
The principal competitive factors in attracting and retaining temporary healthcare staffing clients include the ability to fill client needs, price, quality assurance and screening capabilities, compliance with regulatory requirements, an understanding of the client's work environment, risk management policies and coverages, and general industry reputation. In addition, the level of demand for outsourced nurse staffing is influenced by national healthcare spending and spending on hospital care; general economic conditions and its impact on national, regional and local labor markets, and; the corresponding supply of full- and part-time hospital-based nurses willing to work at prevailing hospital wages.
Regulatory Issues
In order to service our client facilities and to comply with OSHA and JCAHO standards, we have a risk management program. The program is designed to protect against the risk of negligent hiring by requiring a detailed skills assessment from each healthcare professional. In addition, we have a claims-based professional liability insurance policy pursuant to which we provide primary coverage of $2 million for each occurrence through a self-insured retention program that is guaranteed by a $2 million irrevocable letter of credit held by our excess insurance provider. We also provide up to $10 million in umbrella liability insurance coverage after the $2 million primary coverage has been exhausted.
Professional Licensure. Nurses and most other healthcare professionals employed by us are required to be individually licensed or certified under applicable state law. In addition, the healthcare professionals that we staff frequently are required to have been certified to provide certain medical care, such as CPR and ACLS, depending on the positions in which they are placed. Our comprehensive compliance program is designed to ensure that our employees possess all necessary licenses and certifications, and we believe that our employees, including nurses and therapists, comply with all applicable state laws.
Business Licenses. A number of states require state licensure for businesses that, for a fee, employ and assign personnel, including healthcare personnel, to provide services on-site at hospitals and other healthcare facilities to support or supplement the hospitals' or healthcare facilities' work force. A number of states also require state licensure for businesses that operate placement services for individuals attempting to secure employment. Failure to obtain the necessary licenses can result in injunctions against operating, cease and desist orders, and/or fines. We endeavor to maintain in effect all required state licenses.
Regulations Affecting Our Clients. Many of our clients are reimbursed under the federal Medicare program and state Medicaid programs for the services they provide. In recent years, federal and state governments have made significant changes in these programs that have reduced reimbursement rates. In addition, insurance companies and managed care organizations seek to control costs by requiring that healthcare providers, such as hospitals, discount their services in exchange for exclusive or preferred participation in their benefit plans. Future federal and state legislation or evolving
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commercial reimbursement trends may further reduce, or change conditions for, our clients' reimbursement. Such limitations on reimbursement could reduce our clients' cash flows, hampering their ability to pay us.
Immigration. Changes in immigration law and procedures following September 11, 2001 have slowed down our ability to recruit foreign nurses to meet demand, and changes to such procedures in the future could further hamper our overseas recruiting efforts. In addition, our use of foreign nurses may entail greater difficulty in ensuring that each professional has the proper credentials and licensure.
Employees
As of February 21, 2003, we had approximately 820 corporate employees and approximately 5,500 field employees. None of our employees is subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relationship with employees to be good.
Available Information
Financial reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the SEC, via the internet at our website, www.crosscountry.com
In addition to the other information included in this Report on Form 10-K, you should consider the following risk factors.
Although demand for outsourced nurse staffing has declined from higher than average levels during the past several years, industry dynamics are such that we are still unable to recruit enough nurses to meet our clients' demands for our nurse staffing services, limiting the potential growth of our staffing business.
We rely significantly on our ability to attract, develop and retain nurses and other healthcare personnel who possess the skills, experience and, as required, licensure necessary to meet the specified requirements of our healthcare staffing clients. We compete for healthcare staffing personnel with other temporary healthcare staffing companies, as well as actual and potential clients, some of which seek to fill positions with either regular or temporary employees. Currently, there is a shortage of qualified nurses in most areas of the United States and competition for nursing personnel is increasing. Although demand has slowed down, at this time we still do not have enough nurses to meet our clients' demands for our nurse staffing services. This shortage of nurses limits our ability to grow our staffing business. Furthermore, we believe that the aging of the existing nurse population and declining enrollments in nursing schools will further exacerbate the existing nurse shortage. In addition, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, we experienced a temporary interruption of normal business activity. Similar events in the future could result in additional temporary or longer-term interruptions of our normal business activity.
The costs of attracting and retaining qualified nurses and other healthcare personnel may raise more than we anticipate.
We compete with other healthcare staffing companies for qualified nurses and other healthcare personnel. Because there is currently a shortage of qualified healthcare personnel, competition for these employees is intense. To induce healthcare personnel to sign on with them, our competitors may increase hourly wages or other benefits. If we do not raise wages in response to such increases by our competitors, we could face difficulties attracting and retaining qualified healthcare personnel. In addition, if we raise wages in response to our competitors' wage increases and are unable to pass such cost increases on to our clients, our margins could decline.
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Our costs of providing housing for nurses and other healthcare personnel may be higher than we anticipate and, as a result, our margins could decline.
We currently have approximately 3,100 apartments on lease throughout the U.S. If the costs of renting apartments and furniture for our nurses and other healthcare personnel increase more than we anticipate and we are unable to pass such increases on to our clients, our margins may decline. To the extent the length of a nurse's housing lease exceeds the term of the nurse's staffing contract, we bear the risk that we will be obligated to pay rent for housing we do not use. To limit the costs of unutilized housing, we try to secure leases with term lengths that match the term lengths of our staffing contracts, typically 13 weeks. In some housing markets we have had, and believe we will continue to have, difficulty identifying short-term leases. If we cannot identify a sufficient number of appropriate short-term leases in regional markets, or, if for any reason, we are unable to efficiently utilize the apartments we do lease, we may be required to pay rent for unutilized housing or, to avoid such risk, we may forego otherwise profitable opportunities.
Decreases in patient occupancy at our clients' facilities may adversely affect the profitability of our business.
The general level of patient occupancy at our clients' facilities significantly affects demand for our temporary healthcare staffing services. When a hospital's occupancy increases, temporary employees are often added before full-time employees are hired. As occupancy decreases, clients may reduce their use of temporary employees before undertaking layoffs of their regular employees. We also may experience more competitive pricing pressure during periods of occupancy downturn. In addition, if a trend emerges toward providing healthcare in alternative settings, as opposed to acute care hospitals, occupancy at our clients' facilities could decline. This reduction in occupancy could adversely affect the demand for our services and our profitability.
We are dependent on the proper functioning of our information systems.
Our company is dependent on the proper functioning of our information systems in operating our business. Critical information systems used in daily operations identify and match staffing resources and client assignments and perform billing and accounts receivable functions. Our information systems are protected through physical and software safeguards and we have backup remote processing capabilities. However, they are still vulnerable to fire, storm, flood, power loss, telecommunications failures, physical or software break-ins and similar events. In the event that critical information systems fail or are otherwise unavailable, these functions would have to be accomplished manually, which could temporarily impact our ability to identify business opportunities quickly, to maintain billing and clinical records reliably and to bill for services efficiently.
If regulations that apply to us change, we may face increased costs that reduce our revenue and profitability.
The temporary healthcare staffing industry is regulated in many states. In some states, firms such as our company must be registered to establish and advertise as a nurse-staffing agency or must qualify for an exemption from registration in those states. If we were to lose any required state licenses, we could be required to cease operating in those states. The introduction of new regulatory provisions could substantially raise the costs associated with hiring temporary employees. For example, some states could impose sales taxes or increase sales tax rates on temporary healthcare staffing services. These increased costs may not be able to be passed on to clients without a decrease in demand for temporary employees. In addition, if government regulations were implemented that limited the amounts we could charge for our services, our profitability could be adversely affected.
Future changes in reimbursement trends could hamper our clients' ability to pay us.
Many of our clients are reimbursed under the federal Medicare program and state Medicaid programs for the services they provide. In recent years, federal and state governments have made
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significant changes in these programs that have reduced reimbursement rates. In addition, insurance companies and managed care organizations seek to control costs by requiring that healthcare providers, such as hospitals, discount their services in exchange for exclusive or preferred participation in their benefit plans. Future federal and state legislation or evolving commercial reimbursement trends may further reduce, or change conditions for, our clients' reimbursement. Limitations on reimbursement could reduce our clients' cash flows, hampering their ability to pay us.
Competition for acquisition opportunities may restrict our future growth by limiting our ability to make acquisitions at reasonable valuations.
Our business strategy includes increasing our market share and presence in the temporary healthcare staffing industry through strategic acquisitions of companies that complement or enhance our business. We have historically faced competition for acquisitions. In the future, this could limit our ability to grow by acquisitions or could raise the prices of acquisitions and make them less accretive to us. In addition, restrictive covenants in our credit facility, including a covenant that requires us to obtain bank approval for any acquisition over $25.0 million, may limit our ability to complete desirable acquisitions. If we are unable to secure necessary financing under our credit facility or otherwise, we may be unable to complete desirable acquisitions.
We may face difficulties integrating our acquisitions into our operations and our acquisitions may be unsuccessful, involve significant cash expenditures or expose us to unforeseen liabilities.
We continually evaluate opportunities to acquire healthcare staffing companies and other human capital management services companies that complement or enhance our business and frequently have preliminary acquisition discussions with some of these companies.
These acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:
These acquisitions may also involve significant cash expenditures, debt incurrence and integration expenses that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Any acquisition may ultimately have a negative impact on our business and financial condition.
Significant legal actions could subject us to substantial uninsured liabilities.
In recent years, healthcare providers have become subject to an increasing number of legal actions alleging malpractice, product liability or related legal theories. Our Company may be subject to liability in such cases even if the contribution to the alleged injury was minimal. Many of these actions involve large claims and significant defense costs. In addition, we may be subject to claims related to torts or crimes committed by our employees or temporary staffing personnel. In some instances, we are required to indemnify clients against some or all of these risks. A failure of any of our employees or personnel to observe our policies and guidelines intended to reduce these risks, relevant client policies and guidelines or applicable federal, state or local laws, rules and regulations could result in negative publicity, payment of fines or other damages.
A key component of our business is the credentialing process. Ultimately, any hospital or other health care provider is responsible for its own internal credentialing process, and the provider makes the hiring decision. Nevertheless, in many situations, the provider will be relying upon the reputation and screening process of the company. Errors in this process, or failure to detect a poor or incorrect
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history, could have a material effect on our reputation. In addition, we do not have access to all of the resources that are available to hospitals to check credentials, such as the National Practitioner Bank.
To protect ourselves from the cost of these types of claims, we maintain professional malpractice liability insurance and general liability insurance coverage in amounts and with deductibles that we believe are appropriate for our operations. Our coverage is, in part, self-insured. However, our insurance coverage may not cover all claims against us or continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost. If we are unable to maintain adequate insurance coverage, we may be exposed to substantial liabilities.
If our insurance costs increase significantly, these incremental costs could negatively affect our financial results.
The costs related to obtaining and maintaining professional and general liability insurance and health insurance for healthcare providers has been increasing. The cost of our professional and general liability insurance per FTE increased by approximately 64% in 2002. The cost of our healthcare insurance per FTE increased by approximately 21% in 2002. If the cost of carrying this insurance continues to increase significantly, we will recognize an associated increase in costs, which may negatively affect our margins. This could have an adverse impact on our financial condition.
If we become subject to material liabilities under our self-insured programs, our financial results may be adversely affected.
We provide workers compensation coverage through a program that is partially self-insured. In addition, we provide medical coverage to our employees through a partially self-insured preferred provider organization. If we become subject to substantial uninsured workers compensation or medical coverage liabilities, our financial results may be adversely affected.
Our clients may terminate or not renew their staffing contracts with us.
Our travel staffing arrangements with clients are generally terminable upon 30 or 90 days' notice. We may have fixed costs, including housing costs, associated with terminated arrangements that we will be obligated to pay post-termination.
Our clinical trials staffing business is conducted under long-term contracts with individual clients that may conduct numerous clinical trials. Some of these long-term contracts are terminable by the clients without cause upon 30 to 60 days notice.
Our indemnity from W. R. Grace, in connection with our acquisition of the assets of Cross Country Staffing, may be materially impaired by Grace's financial condition.
In connection with our acquisition from W. R. Grace & Co. of the assets of Cross Country Staffing, our predecessor, Grace agreed to indemnify us against damages arising out of the breach of certain representations or warranties of Grace, as well as against any liabilities retained by Grace. In March 2001, Grace filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. This bankruptcy filing could materially impair Grace's obligations to indemnify us.
Our principal stockholders will be able to substantially influence the outcome of all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, regardless of the preferences of other stockholders.
Charterhouse Equity Partners III, (CEP III) and investment funds managed by Morgan Stanley Private Equity together own approximately 35% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, acting together, they will be able to substantially influence:
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Currently, our board of directors is comprised of nine members, two of who are designees of CEP III and two of who are designees of investment funds managed by Morgan Stanley Private Equity. Under our stockholders' agreement, CEP III and the funds managed by Morgan Stanley Private Equity each have the right to designate two directors for nomination to our board of directors. This number decreases if either CEP III or the funds managed by Morgan Stanley Private Equity reduce their respective ownership by more than 50% of their holdings prior to our initial public offering. Their interests may conflict with the interests of the other holders of common stock.
CEP III and investment funds managed by Morgan Stanley Private Equity each have demand rights to cause us to file a registration statement under the Securities Act covering resales of their stock and sales of this stock could cause our stock price to decline.
CEP III and investment funds managed by Morgan Stanley Private Equity each have demand rights to cause us to file, at our expense, a registration statement under the Securities Act covering resales of their shares. These shares represent approximately 35% of our outstanding common stock. These shares may also be sold under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, depending on their holding period and subject to significant restrictions in the case of shares held by persons deemed to be our affiliates.
In addition, we registered 4,398,001 shares of common stock for issuance under our stock option plans. Options to purchase 2,937,043 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding as of February 28, 2003, of which, as of February 28, 2003, options to purchase 1,832,522 shares were vested. Common stock issued upon exercise of stock options,, under our benefit plans are eligible for resale in the public market without restriction.
We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of shares held by any stockholder or the availability of these shares for future sale will have on the market price of our common stock.
If provisions in our corporate documents and Delaware law delay or prevent a change in control of our Company, we may be unable to consummate a transaction that our stockholders consider favorable.
Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of "blank check" preferred stock. Without stockholder approval, the board of directors has the authority to attach special rights, including voting and dividend rights, to this preferred stock. With these rights, preferred stockholders could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us. Delaware law may also discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring or merging with us.
We do not own any real property. Our principal leases are listed below.
| Location |
Function |
Square Feet |
Lease Expiration |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boca Raton, Florida | Headquarters | 70,406 | April 30, 2008 | |||
| Malden, Massachusetts | Staffing administration and general office use | 30,462 | June 30, 2005 | |||
| Clayton, Missouri | Search and recruitment headquarters | 20,539 | November 30, 2008 | |||
| Tampa, Florida | Staffing administration and general office use | 17,880 | December 31, 2007 | |||
| Atlanta, Georgia | Consulting headquarters | 13,348 | August 31, 2005 | |||
| Durham, North Carolina | Clinical research and trials staffing headquarters | 12,744 | December 31, 2004 |
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We are not presently a party to any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2002.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "CCRN" on October 25, 2001. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing sale prices per share of common stock on the Nasdaq National Market. (Such prices reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not represent actual transactions.)
| |
Closing Sale Prices |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar Period |
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| High |
Low |
|||||
| 2001 | ||||||
| Quarter Ended December 31, 2001 (from October 25, 2001) | $ | 28.00 | $ | 20.00 | ||
2002 |
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| Quarter Ended March 31, 2002 | $ | 30.97 | $ | 21.13 | ||
| Quarter Ended June 30, 2002 | $ | 38.86 | $ | 27.50 | ||
| Quarter Ended September 30, 2002 | $ | 36.51 | $ | 12.31 | ||
| Quarter Ended December 31, 2002 | $ | 16.80 | $ | 10.40 | ||
2003 |
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| Quarter Ended March 31, 2003 (through March 25, 2003) | $ | 12.00 | $ | 9.98 | ||
As of March 7, 2003, there were approximately 132 stockholders of record of our common stock. In addition, there are approximately 5,100 beneficial owners of our common stock held by brokers or other institutions on behalf of stockholders.
We have never paid or declared cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to use available cash from operations for use in the operation and expansion of our business or to retire debt, to repurchase our common stock or to possibly pay cash dividends. Covenants in our credit facility limit our ability to repurchase our common stock and declare and pay cash dividends on our common stock.
During 2002, we granted options to purchase a total of 53,279 shares of common stock to employees, including certain senior managers, at a weighted average exercise price of approximately $17.89 per share. Such grants were deemed exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on either: (1) Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act as offers and sales of securities pursuant to certain compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701; or (2) Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, including Regulation D there under, as transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.
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With respect to equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2002, see table below:
| Plan Category |
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) |
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) |
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,974,983 | $ | 13.50 | 948,025 | ||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | None | N/A | N/A | |||||
| Total | 2,974,983 | $ | 13.50 | 948,025 | ||||
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2002 and 2001 and for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Cross Country, Inc. included elsewhere in this report. The selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2000, and for the five-month period July 30, 1999 to December 31, 1999, are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Cross Country, Inc. that have been audited but not included in this report. The selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 1998 and July 29, 1999 and for the year ended December 31, 1998 and for the seven-month period January 1, 1999 to July 29, 1999 have been derived from the audited financial statements of Cross Country Staffing, our predecessor, that have been audited but not included in this report.
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes of Cross Country, Inc., and Cross Country Staffing, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and other financial information included elsewhere in this report.
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Predecessor (a) |
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Years Ended December 31, |
Period from July 30 through December 31, |
Period from January 1 through July 29, |
Year Ended December 31, |
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2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999(b) |
1999 |
1998 |
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(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) |
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| Consolidated Statement of Operations Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue from services | $ | 639,953 | $ | 504,364 | $ | 368,332 | $ | 87,727 | $ | 106,047 | $ | 158,592 | ||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct operating expenses | 478,550 | 377,291 | 273,094 | 68,036 | 80,187 | 121,951 | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses (c) | 94,930 | 68,560 | 49,594 | 9,257 | 12,688 | 19,070 | ||||||||||||||
| Bad debt expense | 242 | 1,274 | 433 | 511 | 157 | 722 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | 3,524 | 2,700 | 1,324 | 155 | 212 | 264 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization | 3,148 | 14,851 | 13,624 | 4,422 | 496 | 859 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-recurring secondary offering costs (d) | 886 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
| Non-recurring indirect transaction costs (e) | | | 1,289 | | | | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 581,280 | 464,676 | 339,358 | 82,381 | 93,740 | 142,866 | ||||||||||||||