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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
/X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002
OR
/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-9025
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VISTA GOLD CORP.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
CONTINUED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE YUKON TERRITORY NONE
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or (IRS Employer
Organization) Identification Number)
SUITE 5, 7961 SHAFFER PARKWAY
LITTLETON, COLORADO 80127
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(720) 981-1185
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
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SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
TITLE OF EACH CLASS NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE ON WHICH REGISTERED
------------------- -----------------------------------------
Common shares without par value American Stock Exchange
The Toronto Stock Exchange
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
None.
INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT: (1) HAS FILED ALL REPORTS
REQUIRED TO BE FILED BY SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934 DURING THE PRECEDING 12 MONTHS (OR FOR SUCH SHORTER PERIOD THAT THE
REGISTRANT WAS REQUIRED TO FILE SUCH REPORTS); AND (2) HAS BEEN SUBJECT TO THE
FILING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PAST 90 DAYS: YES /X/ NO / /
INDICATE BY CHECK MARK WHETHER THE REGISTRANT IS AN ACCELERATED FILER (AS
DEFINED IN RULE 12B-2 OF THE ACT): Yes / / No /X/
INDICATE BY CHECK MARK IF DISCLOSURE OF DELINQUENT FILERS PURSUANT TO ITEM 405
OF REGULATION S-K IS NOT CONTAINED HEREIN, AND WILL NOT BE CONTAINED, TO THE
BEST OF REGISTRANT'S KNOWLEDGE, IN DEFINITIVE PROXY OR INFORMATION STATEMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN PART III OF THIS FORM 10-K OR ANY AMENDMENT TO THIS
FORM 10-K: / /
AGGREGATE MARKET VALUE OF OUTSTANDING COMMON SHARES HELD BY NON-AFFILIATES:
As of June 28, 2002, being the last business day of the Registrant's most
recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of
outstanding Common Shares of the registrant held by non-affiliates was
approximately $11,900,000.
OUTSTANDING COMMON SHARES: As of March 19, 2003, 12,411,725 Common Shares of the
registrant were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: To the extent herein specifically
referenced in Part III, portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement
for the 2003 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders. See Part III.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
--------
GLOSSARY.............................. 1
CURRENCY.............................. 3
METRIC CONVERSION TABLE............... 3
UNCERTAINTY OF FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS.......................... 3
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS...................... 4
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.................... 12
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS............. 20
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO VOTE
OF SECURITY
HOLDERS............................. 20
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON
EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS............................. 21
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA....... 23
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
OPERATING RESULTS................... 23
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK....... 26
PAGE
--------
ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA... 27
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS
WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE................ 54
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF
REGISTRANT.......................... 54
ITEM 11. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND
OFFICERS............................ 54
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.... 54
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIP AND
RELATED TRANSACTIONS................ 54
ITEM 14. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES...... 54
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT
SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K... 55
i
GLOSSARY
"ASSAY" means to test ores or minerals by chemical or other methods for the
purpose of determining the amount of valuable metals contained.
"BRECCIA" means rock consisting of fragments, more or less angular, in a matrix
of finer-grained material or of cementing material.
"CLAIM" means a mining title giving its holder the right to prospect, explore
for and exploit minerals within a defined area.
"COMMON SHARES" means common shares without par value of Vista Gold.
"COMPUTERSHARE" means Vista Gold's registrar and transfer agent, Computershare
Trust Company of Canada (formerly Montreal Trust Company of Canada).
"CORPORATION" means the consolidated group consisting of Vista Gold Corp. and
its subsidiaries Hycroft Resources & Development, Inc., Hycroft Lewis
Mine, Inc., Vista Gold Holdings Inc., Vista Gold U.S. Inc., Vista Nevada Corp.,
Granges Inc., Vista Gold (Antigua) Corp., Minera Paredones Amarillos S.A. de
C.V., Compania Inversora Vista S.A., Minera Nueva Vista, S.A., Compania
Exploradora Vistex S.A.
"CUT-OFF GRADE" means the grade below which mineralized material or ore will be
considered waste.
"DEPOSIT" means an informal term for an accumulation of mineral ores.
"DIAMOND DRILL" means a rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock and
is recovered in long cylindrical sections, two centimeters or more in diameter.
"DORE" means unrefined gold and silver bullion consisting of approximately 90%
precious metals, which will be further refined to almost pure metal.
"FAULT" means a fracture in rock along which there has been displacement of the
two sides parallel to the fracture.
"HEAP LEACH" means a gold extraction method that percolates a cyanide solution
through ore heaped on an impervious pad or base.
"HYCROFT INC." means Hycroft Resources & Development, Inc., an indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of Vista Gold.
"HYCROFT LEWIS" means Hycroft Lewis Mine, Inc., an indirect wholly-owned
subsidiary of Vista Gold.
"MINERALIZATION" means the concentration of metals within a body of rock.
"MINERALIZED MATERIAL" is a mineralized body which has been delineated by
appropriately spaced drilling and/or underground sampling to support a
sufficient tonnage and average grade of metal(s). Such a deposit does not
qualify as a reserve, until a comprehensive evaluation based upon unit cost,
grade, recoveries, and other material factors conclude legal and
economic feasibility.
"ORE" means material containing minerals that can be economically extracted.
"OXIDE" means mineralized rock in which some of the original minerals have been
oxidized (I.E., combined with oxygen). Oxidation tends to make the ore more
porous and permits a more complete permeation of cyanide solutions so that
minute particles of gold in the interior of the minerals will be more
readily dissolved.
"PROBABLE RESERVES" means reserves for which quantity and grade and/or quality
are computed from information similar to that used for proven reserves, but the
sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are farther apart or are
otherwise less adequately spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than
that for proven reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points
of observation.
1
"PROVEN RESERVES" means reserves for which (a) quantity is computed from
dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes; grade and/or
quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling and (b) the sites for
inspection, sampling and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic
character is so well defined that size, shape, depth, and mineral content of
reserves are well-established.
"RECOVERY" means that portion of the metal contained in the ore that is
successfully extracted by processing, expressed as a percentage.
"RESERVES" or "ORE RESERVES" mean that part of a mineral deposit, which could be
economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve
determination.
"SAMPLING" means selecting a fractional, but representative, part of a mineral
deposit for analysis.
"SEDIMENT" means solid material settled from suspension in a liquid.
"STOCKWORK" means a rock mass interpenetrated by small veins of mineralization.
"STRIKE", when used as a noun, means the direction, course or bearing of a vein
or rock formation measured on a level surface and, when used as a verb, means to
take such direction, course or bearing.
"STRIKE LENGTH" means the longest horizontal dimension of an orebody or zone
of mineralization.
"STRIPPING RATIO" means the ratio of waste to ore in an open pit mine.
"SULPHIDE" (or "SULFIDE") means a compound of sulfur and some other element.
"TAILINGS" means material rejected from a mill after most of the valuable
minerals have been extracted.
"TRENCHING" means prospecting in which subsurface strata are exposed by digging
pits across the strike of a lode.
"VEIN" means a fissure, fault or crack in a rock filled by minerals that have
traveled upwards from some deep source.
"VISTA GOLD" means Vista Gold Corp.
"VOLCANICLASTIC" means derived by ejection of volcanic material from a
volcanic vent.
"WASTE" means rock lacking sufficient grade and/or other characteristics
of ore.
2
CURRENCY
Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts in this report are expressed in
United States dollars.
METRIC CONVERSION TABLE
TO CONVERT IMPERIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS TO METRIC MEASUREMENT UNITS MULTIPLY BY
- ------------------------------------- --------------------------- -----------
Acres................................... Hectares................................ 0.4047
Feet.................................... Meters.................................. 0.3048
Miles................................... Kilometers.............................. 1.6093
Tons (short)............................ Tonnes.................................. 0.9071
Gallons................................. Liters.................................. 3.7850
Ounces (troy)........................... Grams................................... 31.103
Ounces (troy) per ton (short)........... Grams per tonne......................... 34.286
UNCERTAINTY OF FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document, including any documents that are incorporated by reference as set
forth on the face page under "Documents incorporated by reference", contains
forwarding-looking statements concerning, among other things, projected annual
gold production, mineralized material, proven or probable reserves and cash
operating costs. Such statements are typically punctuated by words or phrases
such as "anticipates", "estimates", "projects", "foresees", "management
believes", "believes" and words or phrases of similar import. Such statements
are subject to certain risks, uncertainties or assumptions. If one or more of
these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove
incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated
or projected. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ
materially from those in such forward-looking statements are identified in this
document under "Item 1. Business--Risk Factors". Vista Gold assumes no
obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results,
changes in assumptions, or changes in other factors affecting such statements.
3
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
OVERVIEW
Vista Gold Corp. (the "Corporation") is currently engaged in the evaluation,
acquisition, exploration and improvement of gold exploration and potential
development projects. The Corporation's approach to acquisitions of gold
projects has generally been to seek projects within political jurisdictions with
well established mining, land ownership and tax laws, which have adequate
drilling and geological data to support the completion of a third-party review
of the geological data and to complete an estimate of the mineralized material.
In addition, the Corporation looks for opportunities to improve the value of its
gold projects through exploration drilling, and/or introducing technological
innovations. The Corporation expects that emphasis on gold project acquisition
and improvement will continue in the future.
Currently the Corporation owns or controls six gold properties: the Maverick
Springs and Mountain View projects and the Hycroft mine, all in Nevada; the Long
Valley project in east central Califorina; the Paredones Amarillos project in
Baja, Mexico; and the Amayapampa project in Bolivia. Additional information
about these projects is available in "Item 2. Properties". The Corporation also
owns several exploration claims in Canada and approximately 25% of the shares of
Zamora Gold Corp., a company exploring for gold in Ecuador.
The Corporation does not produce gold in commercial quantities and does not
currently generate operating earnings. Through fiscal 2002, funding to acquire
gold properties, explore and to operate the Corporation has been acquired
through private placements of equity units consisting of the Corporation's
common shares and warrants to purchase common shares. The Corporation expects to
continue to raise capital through the exercise of warrants and through
additional equity financings.
The Corporation was originally incorporated on November 28, 1983 under the name
"Granges Exploration Ltd." In November 1983, Granges Exploration Ltd. acquired
all the mining interests of Granges AB in Canada. On June 28, 1985, Granges
Exploration Ltd. and Pecos Resources Ltd. amalgamated under the name "Granges
Exploration Ltd." and on June 9, 1989, Granges Exploration Ltd. changed its name
to "Granges Inc." On May 1, 1995, Granges and Hycroft Resources & Development
Corporation were amalgamated under the name "Granges Inc." Effective
November 1, 1996, Granges and Da Capo Resources Ltd. amalgamated under the name
"Vista Gold Corp.". Effective December 19, 1997, Vista Gold was continued from
British Columbia to the Yukon Territory, Canada under the BUSINESS CORPORATIONS
ACT (Yukon Territory).
The current addresses, telephone and facsimile numbers of the offices of the
Corporation are:
EXECUTIVE OFFICE REGISTERED AND RECORDS OFFICE
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Suite 5 - 7961 Shaffer Parkway 200 - 204 Lambert Street
Littleton, Colorado, USA 80127 Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada Y1A 3T2
Telephone: (720) 981-1185 Telephone: (867) 667-7600
Facsimile: (720) 981-1186 Facsimile: (867) 667-7885
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2002, the Corporation had 8 full-time employees, of which
four were employed at the Hycroft mine and four were employed at the
Corporation's executive office in Littleton, Colorado. The Corporation uses
consultants with specific skills to assist with various aspects of its project
evaluation, due diligence and acquisition initiatives.
4
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Segment information is provided in the Consolidated Financial
Statements--Note 18.
SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS IN 2002
In 2002, the Corporation completed $6.8 million in equity private placement
financings, with an additional equity private placement financing, for net
proceeds of $3.0 million, completed subsequent to December 31, 2002. See the
Consolidated Financial Statements--Notes 8 and 21(b).
On June 19, 2002, the Corporation effected a 1-for-20 consolidation of its
common shares. All references in this document to common shares and per-share
amounts are on a post-consolidation basis, unless otherwise indicated.
Through the use of cash and equity units, consisting of the Corporation's common
shares and warrants to purchase common shares, as consideration, the Corporation
began to build a portfolio of gold projects through a strategy that includes
evaluation, acquisition, exploration and improvement of gold exploration and
potential development projects. As discussed under "Item 2. Properties", the
Corporation acquired four gold projects in 2002 to add to its two existing
projects, as follows:
- On August 29, the Corporation acquired 100% of the Paredones Amarillos
gold project in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur from Viceroy
Resource Corporation (Viceroy). To acquire the project, the Corporation
paid cash of Cdn $1.0 million and issued 303,030 equity units to Viceroy;
on August 29, 2003 the Corporation will pay Viceroy an additional Cdn
$0.5 million.
- On October 7, 2002, the Corporation completed the acquisition of a 100%
interest in the Maverick Springs gold and silver project and the Mountain
View gold project from Newmont Mining Corporation (Newmont), and its
wholly-owned subsidiary Newmont Capital Limited. To acquire the Maverick
Springs project, the Corporation paid cash of $250,000 and issued of
141,243 equity units to Newmont and on October 7, 2003 the Corporation
will issue $500,000 in common shares to Newmont, together with an
equivalent number of two year warrants. To acquire the Mountain View
project the Corporation paid cash of $50,000 and issued 56,497 equity
units to Newmont Capital Limited.
- Pursuant to a transaction initiated in November 2002, the Corporation has
an option to acquire 100% of the Long Valley project from Standard
Industrial Minerals, Inc. ("Standard"). Under the terms of the option
agreement, the Corporation would pay Standard $750,000 over five years in
annual installments. The Corporation has paid the first installment
of $100,000.
PROPERTY INTERESTS AND MINING CLAIMS
In the United States, most of the Corporation's exploration activities are
conducted in the state of Nevada. Mineral interests may be owned in Nevada by
(i) the United States, (ii) the state of Nevada, or (iii) private parties. Where
prospective mineral properties are owned by private parties, or by the state,
some type of property acquisition agreement is necessary in order for the
Corporation to explore or develop such property. Generally, these agreements
take the form of long term mineral leases under which the Corporation acquires
the right to explore and develop the property in exchange for periodic cash
payments during the exploration and development phase and a royalty, usually
expressed as a percentage of gross production or net profits derived from the
leased properties if and when mines on the properties are brought into
production. Other forms of acquisition agreements are exploration agreements
coupled with options to purchase and joint venture agreements. Where prospective
mineral properties are held by the United States, mineral rights may be acquired
through the location of unpatented mineral claims upon unappropriated federal
land. If the statutory requirements for the location of a mining claim are met,
the locator obtains a valid possessory right to develop and produce minerals
from the claim. The right can be freely transferred and, provided that the
locator is able to prove the discovery of locatable minerals on the
5
claims, is protected against appropriation by the government without just
compensation. The claim locator also acquires the right to obtain a patent or
fee title to his claim from the federal government upon compliance with certain
additional procedures.
Mining claims are subject to the same risk of defective title that is common to
all real property interests. Additionally, mining claims are self-initiated and
self-maintained and therefore, possess some unique vulnerabilities not
associated with other types of property interests. It is impossible to ascertain
the validity of unpatented mining claims solely from an examination of the
public real estate records and, therefore, it can be difficult or impossible to
confirm that all of the requisite steps have been followed for location and
maintenance of a claim. If the validity of a patented mining claim is challenged
by the Bureau of Land Management or Forest Service on the grounds that
mineralization has not been demonstrated, the claimant has the burden of proving
the present economic feasibility of mining minerals located thereon. Such a
challenge might be raised when a patent application is submitted or when the
government seeks to include the land in an area to be dedicated to another use.
RECLAMATION
The Corporation generally is required to mitigate long-term environmental
impacts by stabilizing, contouring, resloping, and revegetating various portions
of a site after mining and mineral processing operations are completed. These
reclamation efforts are conducted in accordance with detailed plans, which must
be reviewed and approved by the appropriate regulatory agencies.
The Corporation's principal reclamation liability is the Hycroft mine.
Management estimates the remaining reclamation costs for the Hycroft mine to be
$4.1 million.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Mining operations and exploration activities are subject to various national,
state, provincial and local laws and regulations in the United States, Bolivia,
Canada, Mexico and other jurisdictions, which govern prospecting, development,
mining, production, exports, taxes, labor standards, occupational health, waste
disposal, protection of the environment, mine safety, hazardous substances and
other matters. The Corporation has obtained or has pending applications for
those licenses, permits or other authorizations currently required to conduct
its exploration and other programs. The Corporation believes that it is in
compliance in all material respects with applicable mining, health, safety and
environmental statutes and the regulations passed thereunder in the United
States, Canada, Bolivia, Mexico and the other jurisdictions in which the
Corporation operates. There are no current orders or directions with respect to
the foregoing laws and regulations.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
The Corporation's gold projects are subject to various federal, state and local
laws and regulations governing protection of the environment. These laws are
continually changing and, as a general matter, are becoming more restrictive.
The Corporation's policy is to conduct business in a way that safeguards public
health and the environment. The Corporation believes that its operations are
conducted in material compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Changes to current local, state or federal laws and regulations in the
jurisdictions where the Corporation operates could require additional capital
expenditures and increased operating and/or reclamation costs. Although the
Corporation is unable to predict what additional legislation, if any, might be
proposed or enacted, additional regulatory requirements could impact the
economics of its projects.
During 2002, there were no material environmental incidents or non-compliance
with any applicable environmental regulations. The Corporation estimates that it
will not incur material capital expenditures for environmental control
facilities during the fiscal year.
6
COMPETITION
The Corporation competes with other mining companies in connection with the
acquisition of gold properties. There is competition for the limited number of
gold acquisition opportunities, some of which is with other companies having
substantially greater financial resources than the Corporation. As a result, the
Corporation may have difficulty acquiring attractive gold projects at
reasonable prices.
The Corporation believes no single company has sufficient market power to affect
the price or supply of gold in the world market.
RISK FACTORS
An investment in the Corporation's Common Shares involves risk. The risks
described below are not the only ones facing the Corporation. Additional risks
not presently known to the Corporation or which management currently considers
immaterial may also adversely affect the Corporation's business. Management has
attempted to identify the major factors under the heading "Risk Factors" that
could cause differences between actual and planned or expected results, and has
included all material risk factors. If any of the following risks actually
happen, the Corporation's business, financial condition and operating results
could be materially adversely affected.
MANAGEMENT CANNOT BE CERTAIN THAT THE CORPORATION'S ACQUISITION, EXPLORATION AND
DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES WILL BE COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL.
The Corporation currently has no properties that produce gold in commercial
quantities. The Corporation's gold production has declined steadily since mining
activities were suspended at the Hycroft mine in 1998. Gold production is now
nominal and is incidental to heap leach pad rinsing activities. In these
circumstances, proceeds realized from the sale of gold are not reported as
revenues, but rather are netted against operating costs.
Substantial expenditures are required to acquire existing gold properties, to
establish ore reserves through drilling and analysis, to develop metallurgical
processes to extract metal from the ore and, in the case of new properties, to
develop the mining and processing facilities and infrastructure at any site
chosen for mining. There can be no assurance that any gold reserves or
mineralized material acquired or discovered will be in sufficient quantities to
justify commercial operations or that the funds required for development can be
obtained on a timely basis.
THE PRICE OF GOLD IS SUBJECT TO FLUCTUATIONS, WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE
REALIZABLE VALUE OF THE CORPORATION'S ASSETS AND POTENTIAL FUTURE RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS AND CASH FLOW.
The Corporation's principal assets are gold reserves and mineralized material.
The Corporation intends to attempt to acquire additional properties containing
gold reserves and mineralized material. The price that the Corporation pays to
acquire these properties will be, in large part, influenced by the price of gold
at the time of the acquisition. The Corporation's potential future revenues are
expected to be, in large part, derived from the mining and sale of gold from
these properties or from the outright sale of some of these properties. The
value of these gold reserves and mineralized material, and the value of any
potential gold production therefrom, will vary in direct proportion to
variations in gold prices. The price of gold has fluctuated widely, and is
affected by numerous factors beyond the control of the Corporation, including,
but not limited to, international, economic and political trends, expectations
of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, central bank activities, interest
rates, global or regional consumption patterns and speculative activities. The
effect of these factors on the price of gold, and therefore the economic
viability of any of the Corporation's projects, cannot accurately be predicted.
Any drop in the price of gold would adversely affect the Corporation's asset
values, cash flows, potential revenues and profits.
7
MINING EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATING ACTIVITIES ARE INHERENTLY
HAZARDOUS.
Mineral exploration involves many risks that even a combination of experience,
knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to overcome. Operations in
which the Corporation has direct or indirect interests will be subject to all
the hazards and risks normally incidental to exploration, development and
production of gold and other metals, any of which could result in work
stoppages, damage to property and possible environmental damage. The nature of
these risks is such that liabilities might exceed any liability insurance policy
limits. It is also possible that the liabilities and hazards might not be
insurable, or, the Corporation could elect not to insure itself against such
liabilities due to high premium costs or other reasons, in which event, the
Corporation could incur significant costs that could have a material adverse
effect on its financial condition.
RESERVE CALCULATIONS ARE ESTIMATES ONLY, SUBJECT TO UNCERTAINTY DUE TO FACTORS
INCLUDING METAL PRICES AND RECOVERABILITY OF METAL IN THE MINING PROCESS.
There is a degree of uncertainty attributable to the calculation of reserves and
corresponding grades dedicated to future production. Until reserves are actually
mined and processed, the quantity of ore and grades must be considered as an
estimate only. In addition, the quantity of reserves and ore may vary depending
on metal prices. Any material change in the quantity of reserves,
mineralization, grade or stripping ratio may affect the economic viability of
the Corporation's properties. In addition, there can be no assurance that gold
recoveries or other metal recoveries in small-scale laboratory tests will be
duplicated in larger scale tests under on-site conditions or during production.
THE CORPORATION'S EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, WHICH COULD RESULT IN INCURRENCE OF ADDITIONAL COSTS
AND OPERATIONAL DELAYS.
All phases of the Corporation's operations are subject to environmental
regulation. Environmental legislation is evolving in some countries or
jurisdictions in a manner which will require stricter standards and enforcement,
increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental
assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for
companies and their officers, directors and employees. There is no assurance
that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely
affect the Corporation's projects. The Corporation is currently subject to
environmental regulations with respect to its properties in Nevada, Bolivia
and Mexico.
The Hycroft mine in Nevada occupies private and public lands. The public lands
include unpatented mining claims on lands administered by the U.S. Bureau of
Land Management. These claims are governed by the laws and regulations of the
U.S. federal government and the state of Nevada.
U.S. FEDERAL LAWS
The Bureau of Land Management requires that mining operations on lands subject
to its regulation obtain an approved plan of operations subject to environmental
impact evaluation under the National Environmental Policy Act. Any significant
modifications to the plan of operations may require the completion of an
environmental assessment or Environmental Impact Statement prior to approval.
Mining companies must post a bond or other surety to guarantee the cost of
post-mining reclamation. These requirements could add significant additional
cost and delays to any mining project undertaken by the Corporation.
Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, mining companies may incur
costs for generating, transporting, treating, storing, or disposing of hazardous
waste, as well as for closure and post-closure maintenance once they have
completed mining activities on a property. The Corporation's mining operations
may produce air emissions, including fugitive dust and other air pollutants,
from stationary equipment, storage facilities, and the use of mobile sources
such as trucks and heavy construction equipment which are subject to review,
monitoring and/or control requirements under the Federal Clean
8
Air Act and state air quality laws. Permitting rules may impose limitations on
the Corporation's production levels or create additional capital expenditures in
order to comply with the rules.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980,
as amended, ("CERCLA") imposes strict joint and several liability on parties
associated with releases or threats of releases of hazardous substances. Those
liable groups include, among others, the current owners and operators of
facilities which release hazardous substances into the environment and past
owners and operators of properties who owned such properties at the time the
disposal of the hazardous substances occurred. This liability could include the
cost of removal or remediation of the release and damages for injury to the
surrounding property. The Corporation cannot predict the potential for future
CERCLA liability with respect to its Nevada property or surrounding areas.
NEVADA LAWS
At the state level, mining operations in Nevada are also regulated by the Nevada
Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental
Protection. Nevada state law requires the Hycroft mine to hold Nevada Water
Pollution Control Permits, which dictate operating controls and closure and
post-closure requirements directed at protecting surface and ground water. In
addition, the Corporation is required to hold Nevada Reclamation Permits
required under NRS 519A.010 through 519A.170. These permits mandate concurrent
and post-mining reclamation of mines and require the posting of reclamation
bonds sufficient to guarantee the cost of mine reclamation. Other Nevada
regulations govern operating and design standards for the construction and
operation of any source of air contamination, and landfill operations. Any
changes to these laws and regulations could have an adverse impact on the
Corporation's financial performance and results of operations by, for example,
required changes to operating constraints, technical criteria, fees or surety
requirements.
BOLIVIA LAWS
The Corporation is required under Bolivian laws and regulations to acquire
permits and other authorizations before it could develop and mine the Amayapampa
project. In Bolivia there is relatively new comprehensive environmental
legislation, and the permitting and authorization process may be less
established and less predictable than in the United States. There can be no
assurance that the Corporation will be able to acquire necessary permits or
authorizations on a timely basis. Delays in acquiring any permit or
authorization could increase the development cost of the Amayapampa project, or
delay the start of production.
Under Bolivian regulations, the primary component of environmental compliance
and permitting is the completion and approval of an environmental impact study
known as Estudio de Evaluacion de Impacto Ambiental, or EEIA. The EEIA provides
a description of the existing environment, both natural and socio-economic, at
the project site and in the region; interprets and analyzes the nature and
magnitude of potential environmental impacts that might result from project
activities, and describes and evaluates the effectiveness of the operational
measures planned to mitigate the environmental impacts. Baseline environmental
conditions, including meteorology and air quality, hydrological resources and
surface water, are the basis by which direct and indirect project-related
impacts are evaluated and by which potential mitigation measures are proposed.
If the Corporation's project is found to significantly adversely impact any of
these baseline conditions, the Corporation could incur significant costs to
correct the adverse impact, or delay the start of production.
MEXICO LAWS
The Corporation is required under Mexican laws and regulations to acquire
permits and other authorizations before the Paredones Amarillos project could be
developed and mined. Since the passage of Mexico's 1988 General Law on
Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection, a sophisticated
9
system for environmental regulation has evolved. In addition, North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) requirements for regulatory standards in Mexico
equivalent to those of the U.S. and Canada have obligated the Mexican government
to continue further development of environmental regulation. Most regulatory
programs are implemented by various divisions of the Environment, Natural
Resources and Fisheries Secretariat (SEMARNAP). There can be no assurance that
the Corporation will be able to acquire necessary permits or authorizations on a
timely basis. Delays in acquiring any permit or authorization could increase the
development cost of the Paredones Amarillos project, or delay the start
of production.
The most significant environmental permitting requirements, as they relate to
the Paredones Amarillos project are: developing reports on environmental
impacts; regulation and permitting of discharges to air, water and land; new
source performance standards for specific air and water pollutant emitting
sources; solid and hazardous waste management regulations; developing risk
assessment reports; developing evacuation plans; and monitoring inventories of
hazardous materials. If the Paredones Amarillos project is found to not be in
compliance with any of these requirements, the Corporation could incur
significant compliance costs, or delay the start of production.
THE CORPORATION FACES INTENSE COMPETITION IN THE MINING INDUSTRY.
The mining industry is intensely competitive in all of its phases. As a result
of this competition, some of which is with large established mining companies
with substantial capabilities and with greater financial and technical resources
than those of the Corporation, the Corporation may be unable to acquire
additional attractive mining claims or financing on terms management considers
acceptable. The Corporation competes with other mining companies in the
recruitment and retention of qualified managerial and technical employees. If
the Corporation is unable to successfully compete for qualified employees, its
exploration and development programs may be slowed down or suspended. The
Corporation competes with other gold companies for capital. If the Corporation
is unable to raise sufficient capital, its exploration and development programs
may be jeopardized or it may not be able to acquire, develop or operate
gold projects.
THE CORPORATION MAY BE UNABLE TO RAISE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL ON FAVORABLE TERMS.
The exploration and development of the Corporation's development properties,
specifically the construction of mining facilities and commencement of mining
operations, may require substantial additional financing. Significant capital
investment is required to achieve commercial production from each of the
Corporation's non-producing properties. The Corporation will have to raise
additional funds from external sources in order to restart mining activities at
the Hycroft mine or begin construction and development activities at any of its
other gold projects. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be
available at all or on acceptable terms and, if additional financing is not
available, the Corporation may have to substantially reduce or
cease operations.
10
SOME OF THE CORPORATION'S DIRECTORS MAY HAVE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AS A RESULT
OF THEIR INVOLVEMENT WITH OTHER NATURAL RESOURCE COMPANIES.
Some of the Corporation's directors are directors or officers of other natural
resource or mining-related companies. Robert A. Quartermain is currently
President and a director of Silver Standard Resources Inc., and is an officer
and a director of Canplats Resources Corporation and of Pacific Sapphire
Company Ltd. He is a director of Repadre Capital Corporation (which holds
interests in resource properties), Western Copper Holdings Ltd., Paso Rico
Resources and Reliant Ventures Ltd. C. Thomas Ogryzlo is the President and Chief
Executive Officer of Canatec Development Corporation. Michael B. Richings is
President and a director of Kinrade Resources Limited. John Clark is a director
of Impact Energy Inc. (an oil & gas exploration company). These associations may
give rise to conflicts of interest from time to time. In the event that any such
conflict of interest arises, a director who has such a conflict is required to
disclose the conflict to a meeting of the directors of the company in question
and to abstain from voting for or against approval of any matter in which such
director may have a conflict. In appropriate cases, the company in question will
establish a special committee of independent directors to review a matter in
which several directors, or management, may have a conflict. In accordance with
the laws of the Yukon Territory, the directors of all companies are required to
act honestly, in good faith and in the best interests of a company for which
they serve as a director.
THERE MAY BE CHALLENGES TO THE CORPORATION'S TITLE IN ITS MINERAL PROPERTIES.
There may be challenges to title to the mineral properties in which the
Corporation holds a material interest. If there are title defects with respect
to any of the Corporation's properties, the Corporation might be required to
compensate other persons or perhaps reduce its interest in the affected
property. Also, in any such case, the investigation and resolution of title
issues would divert management's time from ongoing exploration and development
programs.
THE CORPORATION'S PROPERTY INTERESTS IN BOLIVIA ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS FROM
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY IN THAT COUNTRY.
Vista Gold has property interests in Bolivia, which may be affected by risks
associated with political or economic instability in that country. The risks
include, but are not limited to: military repression, extreme fluctuations in
currency exchange rates, labor instability or militancy, mineral title
irregularities and high rates of inflation. Changes in mining or investment
policies or shifts in political attitude in Bolivia may adversely affect the
Corporation's business. The Corporation may be affected in varying degrees by
government regulation with respect to restrictions on production, price
controls, export controls, income taxes, expropriation of property, maintenance
of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people,
water use and mine safety. The effect of these factors cannot be accurately
predicted.
THE CORPORATION'S FINANCIAL POSITION AND RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO FLUCTUATIONS IN
FOREIGN CURRENCY VALUES.
Because the Corporation has mining exploration and development operations in
North and South America, it is subject to foreign currency fluctuations, which
may materially affect its financial position and results. The Corporation does
not engage in currency hedging to offset any risk of currency fluctuations.
The Corporation measures and reports financial results in U.S. dollars. The
Corporation has mining projects in Bolivia and Mexico, and is looking for other
projects in Mexico and in Central and South America. Economic conditions and
monetary policies in these countries can result in severe currency fluctuations.
Currently all the Corporation's material transactions in Mexico and Bolivia are
denominated in U.S. dollars. However, if the Corporation were to begin
commercial operations in Mexico or Bolivia (or other Latin American countries)
it is possible that material transactions incurred in the local currency, such
as engagement of local contractors for major projects, will be settled at a
U.S. dollar value that is
11
different from the U.S. dollar value of the transaction at the time it was
incurred. This could have the effect of undermining profits from operations in
that country.
IT MAY BE DIFFICULT TO ENFORCE JUDGMENTS OR BRING ACTIONS OUTSIDE THE UNITED
STATES AGAINST THE CORPORATION AND CERTAIN OF ITS DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
Vista Gold is a Canadian corporation and certain of its directors and officers
are neither citizens nor residents of the United States. A substantial part of
the assets of several of these persons, and of Vista Gold, are located outside
the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for an
investor:
- to enforce in courts outside the United States judgments obtained in
United States courts based upon the civil liability provisions of United
States federal securities laws against these persons and Vista Gold; or
- to bring in courts outside the United States an original action to enforce
liabilities based upon United States federal securities laws against these
persons and Vista Gold.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
Detailed information is contained herein with respect to the Maverick Springs
and Mountain View projects, the Hycroft mine, the Long Valley project, the
Paredones Amarillos and Amayapampa projects. The Corporation holds the Maverick
Springs, Mountain View and Long Valley projects through wholly-owned
subsidiaries Vista Gold Holdings Inc. and Vista Nevada Corp.; the Hycroft mine
is held through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Vista Gold Holdings Inc., Hycroft
Resources Development, Inc. and Hycroft Lewis Mine, Inc.; Paredones Amarillos is
held through its wholly owned subsidiary Minera Paredones Amarillos S.A. de
C.V.; Amayapampa is held through wholly-owned subsidiaries, Vista Gold (Antigua)
Corp., Compania Inversora Vista S.A., Minera Nueva Vista S.A. Estimates of
reserves and mineralization herein are subject to the effect of changes in metal
prices and to the risks inherent in mining and processing operations.
MAVERICK SPRINGS
The Maverick Springs project is located in northeast Nevada at the southeast end
of the Carlin Trend belt of gold-silver mineralization, approximately half-way
between Elko and Ely, Nevada. The property consists of 86 claims with a total
area of approximately 3,900 acres.
On October 7, 2002, the Corporation completed the acquisition of a 100% interest
in the Maverick Springs gold and silver project and the Mountain View gold
project (described below) from Newmont Mining Corporation (Newmont), and its
wholly-owned subsidiary Newmont Capital Limited. To acquire the interest, the
Corporation paid cash of $250,000 and issued of 141,243 equity units to Newmont.
Newmont retains a 1.5% net smelter returns royalty; and on October 7, 2003 the
Corporation will issue $500,000 in common shares to Newmont, together with an
equivalent number of two year warrants. In addition, the Corporation must
complete 20,000 feet of drilling before October 7, 2004 and an additional 30,000
feet of drilling before October 7, 2006. The Corporation may terminate this
agreement at any time after October 7, 2004. After October 7, 2006, Newmont has
a one-time right to acquire a 51% interest in the project, by paying to the
Corporation twice the amount that the Corporation has spent on the project,
including acquisition costs. In the event that Newmont exercises this right,
Newmont will relinquish its 1.5% net smelter returns royalty. (See also
Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 3).
Maverick Springs is subject to a lease agreement, the Artemis lease, between
Newmont and Artemis Explorations Ltd. The lease was entered into on October 1,
2001 and the key terms include: payment of advanced minimum royalties of $50,000
on October 1, 2003, and $100,000 on October 1, 2004 and each year thereafter
while the agreement is in effect; work commitments of 6,400 feet of exploration
drilling, on or before October 1 in each of 2002 (extended by agreement to
November 15, 2002), 2003 and 2004, and a
12
preliminary economic evaluation is to be conducted by October 1, 2004; and a net
smelter returns royalty based on a sliding scale ranging from 2% to 6%,
depending on gold and silver prices at the time of production.
On November 7, 2002, the Corporation entered into a non-binding letter of intent
with respect to granting Silver Standard Resources Inc. (SSRI) an option to
acquire the Corporation's interest in the silver resources hosted in the
Maverick Springs project. The Corporation will retain its 100% interest in the
gold resources. Completion of this transaction is subject to regulatory
approvals, and negotiation and execution of a definitive agreement. The
agreement with SSRI will be subject to the terms of the purchase agreement
between Newmont and the Corporation. Under the proposed agreement, SSRI will pay
$1.5 million over four years including a payment of $300,000 at closing. The
remaining $1.2 million will be used to fund exploration programs, land holding
costs and option payments. SSRI and the Corporation will form a committee
through which they will jointly manage exploration of the Maverick Springs
project. The Corporation will be the operator and have a 45% vote on the
committee, and SSRI will have a 55% vote. After SSRI has completed its
$1.5 million in payments, costs will be shared by the two corporations on the
same ratio as established for operation of the management committee: Vista--45%
/ SSRI--55%, subject to standard dilution provisions. (See also Consolidated
Financial Statements--Note 20).
In November 2002, the Corporation completed a 7,020-foot drill program on its
Maverick Springs project. The program consisted of seven vertical reverse
circulation holes, stepped out 500 feet to 2,200 feet from previously identified
mineralization. All seven holes encountered flat-lying mineralization,
predominantly oxidized to depths of up to 900 feet. The program outlined
continuous mineralization in a 2,200-foot by 1,200-foot area, immediately
adjacent to known gold-silver mineralization. With additional in-fill drilling,
this newly outlined mineralization has the potential to significantly increase
the mineralized material. The Corporation expects to complete approximately
10,000 feet of drilling in 2003.
GEOLOGY
Maverick Springs can be classified as a Carlin-type or sediment/carbonate hosted
disseminated silver-gold deposit. Sediment hosted deposits are common within
northern Nevada, although the systems are usually gold dominated with relatively
minor amounts of silver. Silver and gold mineralization at Maverick Springs has
been interpreted as a roughly antiformal or arch-shaped zone with an axis that
plunges shallowly to the south and seems to flatten to horizontal over the
northern half of the deposit. The limbs of the arch dip shallowly to moderately
at 10-30 DEG. to the east and west. Overall, the mineralized zone is elongate in
the north-south direction with a length of over 6,000 feet, a width of up to
3,000 feet, and a thickness of commonly 100-300 feet.
Mineralization consists of micron-sized silver and gold with related pyrite,
stibnite and arsenic sulphides. It is usually associated with intense fracturing
and brecciation, with or without accompanying whole-rock silicification or
stockwork quartz.
Alteration consists of pervasive decalcification, weak to intense silicification
and weak alunitic argillization. Massive jasperoid is common in surface
exposures and in drill core. Oxidation has affected all sulphides on surface and
is pervasive to a depth of at least 400 feet, intermittent to 900 feet, and
generally absent below 1,000 feet.
Based on a third-party technical study completed by Snowden Mining Industry
Consultants of Vancouver, British Columbia the Maverick Springs project contains
approximately 97.1 million tons of mineralized material with an average grade of
0.011 ounces of gold per ton and 0.98 ounces of silver per ton at a cut-off
grade of 0.005 ounces of gold per ton.
MOUNTAIN VIEW
The Mountain View property is located in northwest Nevada near the Blackrock
Desert. The property is approximately 15 miles northwest of Gerlach, Nevada in
Washoe County; it straddles the boundary
13
between the Squaw Valley and Banjo topographic quadrangles. The property
currently consists of 127 claims with a total area of approximately
2,360 acres.
The Corporation's acquisition of the Mountain View property was completed along
with that of the Maverick Springs property, as described above. To acquire the
interest, the Corporation paid cash of $50,000 and issued 56,497 equity units to
Newmont Capital; and Newmont retains a 1.5% net smelter returns royalty. In
addition, the Corporation must complete 4,000 feet of drilling before
October 7, 2003 and an additional 4,000 feet of drilling before October 7, 2004.
The Corporation may terminate this agreement at any time after October 7, 2003.
After October 7, 2006, Newmont has a one-time right to acquire a 51% interest in
the project, by paying to the Corporation twice the amount that the Corporation
has spent on the project, including acquisition costs. In the event that Newmont
exercises this right, Newmont will relinquish its 1.5% net smelter returns
royalty (see also Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 3).
Newmont's interest in the Mountain View property is subject to a lease known as
the Wittkopp lease and two other royalty arrangements, the principal terms of
which are: the Wittkopp lease grants a 50% interest to Newmont in all claims,
with a few exceptions where a 5% interest is granted; and the lessee may
purchase the remaining interest in the claims for $250,000 at any time. The
lessee is obligated to purchase the remaining 50% for $250,000 on achieving
commercial production. Also, the lessee shall pay a 1% net smelter returns
royalty during production, with advance minimum payments of $25,000 per year.
Advanced royalties are deductible from the net smelter returns royalty and cease
upon purchase of the remaining interest from the Wittkopps. A 1% net smelter
returns royalty also applies to certain other claims.
The Corporation expects to complete 4,000 feet of drilling in 2003.
GEOLOGY
The dominant rock types in the area are Miocene volcanics and interbedded
volcaniclastic sediments. Minor greenschist facies Permo-Triassic strata occur
to the northeast and a large body of granodiorite makes up the bulk of the
Granite Range to the east and south.
The Miocene lithologies consist of mafic tuffs, rhyolite tuffs and flows,
volcaniclastic sediments and basalts. These units are separated from the Granite
Range to the east by a range front normal fault that dips steeply to the
southwest. The gold mineralization is hosted by a unit known as the Severance
rhyolite that is sandwiched between the range front fault to the northeast and
older Tertiary tuffs, flows and volcaniclastic sediments to the southwest.
Structure on the property is dominated by northwest and northeast trending
faults. Major fault offsets occur along the range-front fault system and these
are offset by the northeast trending structures. Recent alluvium is offset by
the range front faults.
Based on a third-party technical study completed by Snowden Mining Industry
Consultants of Vancouver, British Columbia, the Mountain View project contains
approximately 27.7 million tons of mineralized material with an average grade of
0.017 ounces of gold per ton at a cut-off grade of 0.006 ounces of gold
per ton.
HYCROFT MINE
The Hycroft mine and related facilities are located 54 miles west of Winnemucca,
Nevada. The Corporation acquired the Lewis mine in early 1987 and completed
construction of the adjacent Crofoot mine project in April 1988. Mining
operations at the Hycroft mine were suspended in December 1998, and the site was
placed on care and maintenance. Gold production, from continued leaching and
rinsing of the heap leach pads, continued in 2000 and 2001. In 2002 the amount
of gold recovered was not material, as expected. The mine is currently on care
and maintenance.
14
OPERATING STATISTICS
Operating statistics for the Hycroft mine for the period 1998 to 2002 were as
follows:
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
----------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Ore and waste material mined (000's of tons).......... Nil Nil Nil Nil 10,127
Strip ratio........................................... Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.42
Ore processed (000's of tons)(1)...................... Nil Nil Nil Nil 7,117
Ore grade (oz. gold/ton).............................. N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.018
Ounces of gold produced............................... Nil 3,232 13,493 40,075 112,685
Cash operating costs ($/oz. of gold)(2)............... N/A $210 $183 $277 $229
- ------------------------
(1) Ore processed means ore placed on pads but not necessarily leached during
the year.
(2) Cash operating costs are composed of all direct mining expenses including
inventory changes, refining and transportation costs, less by-product silver
credits.
GEOLOGY AND ORE RESERVES
The Hycroft mine is located on the western flank of the Kamma Mountains. The
deposit is hosted in a volcanic eruptive breccia and conglomerates associated
with the Tertiary Kamma Mountain volcanics. The volcanics are mainly acidic to
intermediate tuffs, flows and coarse volcaniclastic rocks. Fragments of these
units dominate the clasts in the eruptive breccia. Volcanic rocks have been
block-faulted by dominant north-trending structures, which have affected the
distribution of alteration and mineralization. The Central Fault and East Fault
control the distribution of mineralization and subsequent oxidation. A
post-mineral range-front fault separates the orebody from the adjacent
Pleistocene Lahontan Lake sediments in the Black Rock Desert. The geological
events have created a physical setting ideally suited to the open-pit,
heap-leach mining operation at the Hycroft mine. The heap leach method is widely
used in the southwestern United States and allows the economical treatment of
oxidized low-grade ore deposits in large volumes.
The known gold mineralization within the Crofoot and Lewis properties extends
for a distance of three miles in a north-south direction by 1.5 miles in an
east-west direction. Mineralization extends to a depth of less than 330 feet in
the outcropping to near-outcropping portion of the deposit on the northwest side
to over 990 feet in the Brimstone deposit in the east. Not all the
mineralization is oxidized and the depth of oxide ore varies considerably over
the area of mineralization.
The Crofoot and Lewis properties together comprise approximately 12,230 acres.
The Crofoot property, originally held under two leases, covers approximately
3,544 acres. The Lewis property, which virtually surrounds the Crofoot property,
is held through a lease that covers approximately 8,686 acres. The mine is
accessible by road and has access to adequate supplies of water and power.
The leasehold interest in the Lewis property extends until January 1, 2013 or
for so long thereafter as commercial mining operations continue on the property.
The Lewis lease provides for the payment to the lessor of a 5% net smelter
return royalty on gold production. The royalty increases for ore grades above
0.05 ounce per ton and is offset by annual advance minimum royalties. The
Corporation has the right to commingle the ore from the Lewis property with ore
from the adjoining Crofoot property under an agreement with the lessor of the
Lewis property.
Gold production from the Brimstone deposit, the largest ore deposit at the
Hycroft mine, had consistently exceeded projections. During 1999 and 2000, the
Corporation conducted a $0.6 million exploration program to determine the
reasons for the excess gold production, and to re-estimate the grade and tons of
the reserves in the Brimstone deposit. Mineral Resources Development, Inc.
("MRDI"), an independent
15
consultant was retained to assist with the evaluation and to provide an
independent review of the recalculated mineable reserves. During the period 1996
through 1998, gold mined from the north end of the Brimstone deposit exceeded
planned production by 47,090 ounces, or 26%. The excess gold production was a
result of mining 13% more ore tons at a 12% higher average grade than predicted
in the exploration reserve model.
To evaluate the potential for a similar favorable variance in the remaining
Brimstone mineralized material, nine diamond drill holes for a total of
4,870 feet and 11 reverse-circulation drill holes for a total of 5,540 feet were
completed in the unmined southern portion of the Brimstone deposit. Seventeen of
the 20 holes were twin holes, which were used to establish an adjustment
(upgrade) factor for the remaining Brimstone mineralized material. Working with
MRDI engineers, a gold-grade enhancement of 25% was estimated. Based on
technical study completed by MRDI, Brimstone contains 56.0 million tons at an
average grade of 0.0184 ounces of gold per ton, using a cut-off grade of
0.007 ounces per ton.
In 2000, the Corporation completed a study of the ore reserves in the Brimstone
deposit. Proven and probable reserves contained within the Brimstone mineralized
material described above, total 23,791,000 tons of ore with an average gold
content of 0.0204 ounces per ton, containing 486,000 ounces of gold. Ore reserve
calculations were based upon a gold price of $300 per ounce and an economic
cut-off grade equivalent to 0.007 ounces per ton.
Extraction dilution at the Hycroft mine is negligible due to the large size of
the pit and the continuity of the ore body. Metallurgical recovery of gold from
run-of-mine leaching of the Brimstone ore is projected to be 57% and the planned
pit would have a stripping ratio of 1.2-to-1.
EXPLORATION
There is significant potential to extend the oxide mineralization to the south,
along strike, at both the Central Fault and Brimstone deposits, but the greatest
upside lies in the largely unexplored sulfide mineralization below the Brimstone
deposit, as well as higher grade intercepts along the Central Fault.
Current mineralized material at Brimstone is limited to the oxide cap of an
apparently large but previously unexplored gold-bearing sulfide system. Two
diamond drill holes, drilled in 1996 and earlier, have intercepted mineralized
sulfides averaging 0.023 ounces per ton gold and 0.5 ounces per ton silver over
intervals exceeding 500 feet in thickness. In 1996, the Corporation also
intercepted 30 feet of gold mineralization in drill hole 95-2728. This intercept
assayed 0.155 ounces per ton gold at a true depth of 310 feet below surface. The
hole terminated in this mineralization; the true width of the mineralization is
not known.
LONG VALLEY
The Long Valley gold project is located in the Inyo National Forest, about
7 miles east of the town of Mammoth Lakes, in Mono County, California. The
property consists of 95 contiguous, unpatented mining claims that cover an area
of approximately 1,800 acres.
The Corporation has an option to acquire 100% of the Long Valley project from
Standard Industrial Minerals, Inc. (Standard). Under the terms of the option
agreement, the Corporation would pay Standard $750,000 over five years, with
annual payments to be due as follows: $100,000 due on each of January 15, 2003,
2004, and 2005; $200,000 due on January 15, 2006, and $250,000 due on
January 15, 2007. The Corporation has made the January 2003 payment (see
Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 20). The Corporation retains the right
to terminate the agreement at any time, and has no work commitments on
the project.
During the period of 1994 through 1997, Royal Gold, Inc. (Royal) drilled 615
reverse circulation and 10 core holes at the Long Valley property. During this
time, Royal also completed metallurgical investigations, preliminary engineering
studies, including resource estimations, and initiated baseline-type
16
environmental studies of the biological, water, and archeological resource of
the area. The Corporation has acquired all related data from Royal in exchange
for a 1% net smelter return royalty to Royal. The database contains 896 drill
holes, totaling 268,275 feet. The majority of holes were drilled using reverse
circulation methods. Gold was primarily analyzed by fire assay, with grade
determinations by atomic absorption.
GEOLOGY
The Long Valley project claims are contained entirely within the early
Pleistocene-age Long Valley Caldera, which has been dated at about
760,000 years old. The caldera is an elongated east-west oval depression
measuring some 10 miles by 20 miles and is related to eruption of the Bishop
Tuff, which are covered by younger rocks within the caldera.
The Long Valley gold mineralization is located near the center of the caldera
and is underlain by lithologic units related to the caldera formation and its
subsequent resurgence. Associated with resurgent doming is a sequence of
interbedded volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks which were deposited in a
lacustrine setting within the caldera. These rocks consist of sediment
(siltstones through conglomerates) and debris-flow deposits, with local deposits
of intercalated silica sinter and rhyolite flows and dikes. All of these
lithologies have been altered and/or mineralized to variable degrees. Intruding
the generally flat-lying lake sediments are several rhyolite domes that have
been dated form 200,000 to 300,000 years in age.
The north-south trending Hilton Creek fault zone appears to define the eastern
limit of the resurgent dome within the central part of the Long Valley Caldera
and extends outside the caldera to the south. Offset along this fault appears to
be variable and suggests that fault activity along this zone may be episodic
in nature.
Gold and silver mineralization at Long Valley appears to fall under the general
classification of an epithermal, low sulfidation type deposit. Several areas,
termed the North, Central, South, Southeast, and Hilton Creek zones, on the Long
Valley property are mineralized with low grades of gold and silver. The
mineralized zones are generally north-south trending, up to 8,000 ft in length
with widths ranging from 500 ft to 1,500 ft. The tabular bodies are generally
flat-lying or have a shallow easterly dip. Mineralization is typically from 50
to 200 ft thick and, in the South and Southeast zones, is exposed at or very
near the surface. The top of the Hilton Creek zone is covered by 20 to 50 feet
of alluvium. The majority of the mineralization discovered to date is located in
the Hilton Creek zone.
Gold and silver mineralization is quite continuous throughout the zones and is
well defined above a cut-off grade of 0.010 ounces per ton. Within the
continuous zones of low-grade gold mineralization (above 0.010 ounces per ton)
are numerous zones of higher grade mineralization above 0.050 ounces per ton,
particularly in the Hilton Creek zone, which may relate to zones of enhanced
structural preparation. Mineralized zones are typically correlated with zones of
more intense clay alteration or argillization and/or silicification.
Based on a third-party technical study by Mine Development Associates of Reno,
Nevada, the Long Valley project contains approximately 101.2 million tons of
mineralized material with an average grade of 0.018 ounces of gold per ton at a
cut-off grade of 0.010 ounces of gold per ton.
PAREDONES AMARILLOS
Paredones Amarillos is located 65 km southeast of the city of La Paz, in the
Mexican state of Baja California Sur. The project area covers over
13,784 acres.
The Corporation acquired 100% of the project on August 29, 2002 from Viceroy
Resource Corporation (Viceroy). To acquire the project, the Corporation paid
cash of Cdn $1.0 million and issued 303,030 equity units to Viceroy; on
August 29, 2003 the Corporation will pay Viceroy an additional Cdn $0.5 million
(see also Consolidated Financial Statements--Notes 3 and 20).
17
The Paredones Amarillos project has been a significant exploration target since
the 1980s. In 1996, Echo Bay Mines Limited (EBM), completed a bankable
feasibility study for an open pit mine on the project. The study was completed
using a $375 per ounce gold price and included a proven and probable reserve of
approximately 49 million tons with an average gold grade of 0.031 ounces per
ton, containing approximately 1.5 million ounces. As a result of the subsequent
decline in gold prices, start-up was postponed. EBM holds a 2% net profits
interest on the project. The Corporation intends to review the principal
operating assumptions upon which the EBM study was based to identify
opportunities to improve the economics of this project.
The project holds environmental authorizations for the purpose of: project
development including access road, power line, telephone communications, and
infrastructure to supply water; construction and operation of a tailings dam;
and disposal of tailings, construction of a mill, and installation of three
pumping stations.
GEOLOGY
General geology consists of diorite roof pendants intruded by a granodiorite
batholith with local low and high-angle fault zones. A north-east striking,
south-east dipping low angle fault zone is the main host of gold mineralization
at Paredones Amarillos. Movement along this structure has been characterized as
reverse, resulting from compression. Secondary, high angle faulting is thought
to control the higher-grade mineralization at the project.
The known gold mineralized material occupies an inverted U-shaped block with an
approximate strike length of 3,600 feet east-west, a width of approximately
1,000 feet north-south, and a thickness of approximately 100 feet. The apex of
the "U" is near the center of EBM's proposed pit with the legs forming the east
and west pit lobes.
Based on a third-party technical study completed by Snowden Mining Industry
Consultants of Vancouver, British Columbia the Paredones Amarillos project
contains approximately 67.4 million tons of mineralized material with an average
grade of 0.030 ounces of gold per ton at a cut-off grade of 0.015 ounces of gold
per ton.
AMAYAPAMPA
The Amayapampa project is located 186 miles southeast of La Paz in the Chayanta
Municipality, Bustillos Province, Department of Potosi, in southwestern Bolivia.
Access is via 167 miles of paved road from La Paz to Machacamarca near Oruro,
followed by 62 miles of gravel road to Lagunillas, then nine miles of dirt road
to Amayapampa. The Amayapampa property is situated within the moderately rugged
Eastern Cordilleran region of Bolivia with elevations at the property varying
from 12,300 to 13,450 feet above sea level. Amayapampa consists of 24 mining
concessions covering 1,989 acres plus an additional 16,803 acres in regional
exploration and exploitation concessions. The project is currently on care
and maintenance.
GEOLOGY AND ORE RESERVES
The Amayapampa deposit underlies a north-northwest trending ridge approximately
0.3 miles east of the town of Amayapampa. The deposit is defined by about
48 diamond drill holes; 96 reverse-circulation drill holes; and 315 underground
channel samples totaling 17,585 feet from more than 200 accessible cross-cuts in
43 different levels and sub-levels extending over a vertical distance of
682 feet. The deposit is approximately 1,970 feet in strike length, 98 to
230 feet in width and has an overall dip of the mineralized envelope of 80 to 90
degrees west. The depth extent of continuous mineralization is in excess of
656 feet to about the 12,795-foot elevation, although some mineralization is
present below this depth. Gold occurs free and associated with sulfides in a
structural zone in which quartz veins were emplaced then sheared prior to
introduction of sulfides and gold mineralizing solutions.
18
The host rocks are composed of Ordovician black shales, sandstones, and
siltstones, which were weakly metamorphosed to argillites, quartzites, and
siltites, respectively. The Amayapampa project is located along the east flank
of a north-south trending regional anticline near the top of the Ordovician
sequence. Bedding dips are steep at 60 to 80 degrees west, with the east limb of
the anticline being overturned and thus, also dipping steeply west.
The mineralized envelope is best described as a structural zone, in which quartz
vein were emplaced along a preferential fracture direction.
Most faults, shears and fractures are north-northeast to north-northwest
trending and steeply dipping, both east and west, at 60 to 90 degrees. Quartz
veins predominantly dip east. Locally, within the zone of mineralization, flat,
thrust-like faults are present, which have offset quartz veins to a minor
extent. These flat faults, commonly west-dipping at 40 to 45 degrees, are not
generally mappable outside of the main structural zone, which hosts the gold
mineralization. A west dipping, 45-degree fault projects into the pit on the
northeast side of the deposit and was intersected by two vertical, geotechnical
core holes. The base of mineralization may also be slightly offset by a similar
west-dipping, 45-degree fault.
Oxidation effects are pervasive from the surface to depths of 66 to 98 feet,
with only partial oxidization below those depths. Hydrothermal alteration
effects evident in fresh rock are minor, and occur as coarse sericite
(muscovite) in thin (0.08 to 0.20 inch) selvages along some quartz veins. In
addition, chlorite is present in and adjacent to some quartz veins, but this
presence may be a product of low-grade metamorphism. Alteration effects are
minimal overall, except for surface oxidization.
Mineralization is composed of quartz veins and sulfides and both constitute a
visual guide to ore. Quartz veins are a locus for gold mineralization. Quartz
veins are typically a few centimeters to two feet in width and commonly occur as
sub-parallel vein sets. The strike extent can be 164 to 246 feet or more for any
one vein or vein set, but the dip extent is not as well established and probably
ranges up to 66 to 98 feet. Multiple vein sets are present in the overall
mineralized envelope and veins commonly pinch and swell along strike and
down dip.
Sulfide mineralization, hosted by multiple fractures is composed of
predominantly pyrite within and adjacent to quartz veins. The total sulfide
concentration for the overall mineralized zone is estimated at 3% to 5%.
Petrographic examination of the sulfide mineralization shows pyrite to dominate
at plus 95% of the total sulfides; arsenopyrite is also present, as are minor
amounts of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, stibnite and tetrahedrite. Gold is
present as free gold in association with pyrite, on fractures within pyrite and
attached to the surface of pyrite and is often visible as discrete grains on
fractures in quartz and argillite. Gold grains exhibit a large size-range, with
much of the gold being relatively coarse at 40 to 180 microns. All gold grains
display irregular shapes with large surface areas. No gold was noted to be
encapsulated in either quartz or sulfide. The content of gold grains was
verified as over 97% gold by scanning-electron-microprobe analysis.
District-scale exploration potential exists for defining styles of gold
mineralization similar to Amayapampa, which could be developed as satellite ore
bodies. In addition, at least 15 drill holes beneath the planned Amayapampa pit
suggest the presence of four higher-grade shoots.
In 2000 an update and additional optimization study was completed on a
feasibility study originally completed in 1997. Based on a technical study
completed by Mine Reserve Associates, Inc., an independent consultant, total
mineralized material is 14.2 million tons with an average grade of 0.047 ounces
of gold per ton. Included in this mineralization are proven and probable
reserves of 10.2 million tons grading 0.051 ounces per ton, containing
526,000 ounces of gold. The reserve calculation is based on a gold price of
$300 per ounce. Reserves include extraction dilution of 5% of the tons and 1% of
the total ounces. Extraction dilution does not result in any losses of
recoverable gold.
19
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
Except as described below, the Corporation is not aware of any material pending
or threatened litigation or of any proceedings known to be contemplated by
governmental authorities which is, or would be, likely to have a material
adverse effect upon the Corporation or its operations, taken as a whole.
ESTANISLAO RADIC
In April 1998, a legal dispute was initiated in Bolivia by a Mr. Estanislao
Radic ("Radic") who brought legal proceedings in the lower penal court against
Mr. Raul Garafulic ("Garafulic") and the Corporation, questioning the validity
of the Garafulic's ownership of the Amayapampa property. Garafulic sold
Amayapampa to a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation. In May 1998, a judge
in the Bolivian penal court found there was no justifiable case. In June 1998, a
judge of the superior court of the district of Potosi dismissed the appeal of
the case and indicated that there could be no further appeals on the matter in
the Bolivian penal courts. In 1999, this time in civil court, Radic filed a
second lawsuit against Garafulic, in Potosi, and Garafulic filed a civil lawsuit
for damages against Radic in La Paz. Garafulic appealed to the Court to have
both cases combined under the jurisdiction of a judge in La Paz. Finally, in
January 2001, the Court decreed that the lawsuits should be combined and heard
in Potosi. The Corporation never has and does not now have direct ownership of
the disputed property and is therefore uncertain as to why it was a named
defendant in this lawsuit. The court in Potosi agreed with this assessment and
annulled the case in June 2001. In September 2001, Radic appealed to the Supreme
Court. The Corporation does not anticipate that there will be any material
adverse impact on the Corporation or the value of its holdings in Bolivia.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders, through the
solicitation of proxies or otherwise, by Vista Gold during the quarter ended
December 31, 2002.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION
The executive officers of the Corporation as of March 19, 2003, together with
their age, length of service and business experience, are listed below.
NAME, POSITION AND AGE HELD OFFICE SINCE BUSINESS EXPERIENCE DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- ---------------------- ----------------- -----------------------------------------------
RONALD J. MCGREGOR September 8, 2000 President and Chief Executive Officer of Vista
PRESIDENT, CHIEF EXECUTIVE Gold from September 8, 2000 to present; Vice
OFFICER AND DIRECTOR President Development and Operations for Vista
Age--55 Gold from July 1, 1996 to September 8, 2000.
JOHN F. ENGELE May 1, 2001 Vice President Finance and Chief Financial
VICE PRESIDENT FINANCE AND Officer of Vista Gold from May 1, 2001 to
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER present; Director of Accounting, Vista Gold,
Age--51 from March 2001 to April 2001; Director of
Planning, Analysis and Operations Accounting,
Echo Bay Mines Ltd. from June 1996 to
February 2001.
WILLIAM F. SIRETT January 1, 1996 Lawyer; Partner, Borden Ladner Gervais LLP, a
SECRETARY law firm.
Age--52
There are no family relationships by blood, marriage or adoption among any of
the above executive officers of the Corporation. None of the above executive
officers has entered into any arrangement or understanding with any other person
pursuant to which he was or is to be elected as an executive officer of Vista
Gold or a nominee of any other person.
20
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON SHARES
The Common Shares of Vista Gold are listed on the American Stock Exchange and
The Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol VGZ. The following table sets out
the reported high and low sale prices on the American Stock Exchange and on The
Toronto Stock Exchange for the periods indicated as reported by the exchanges.
All prices give effect to the Corporation's June 19, 2002 1-for-20 share
consolidation.
AMERICAN STOCK THE TORONTO STOCK
EXCHANGE (US$) EXCHANGE (CDN$)
------------------------ ------------------------
HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
-------- -------- -------- --------
2001 1st quarter................................. 2.60 1.00 3.40 1.20
2nd quarter................................. 3.00 1.40 3.60 2.00
3rd quarter................................. 2.20 1.40 3.00 1.80
4th quarter................................. 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.60
2002 1st quarter................................. 2.60 1.20 3.80 2.00
2nd quarter................................. 10.40 1.80 15.60 2.80
3rd quarter................................. 6.20 2.51 9.63 3.71
4th quarter................................. 4.10 2.40 6.40 3.72
On March 19, 2003, the last reported sale price of the Common Shares of Vista
Gold on the American Stock Exchange was $3.21 and on The Toronto Stock Exchange
was Cdn $4.80. As at March 19, 2002, there were 12,411,725 Common Shares issued
and outstanding, and the Corporation had 868 registered shareholders of record.
DIVIDENDS
The Corporation has never paid dividends. While any future dividends will be
determined by the directors of the Corporation after consideration of the
earnings, financial condition and other relevant factors, it is currently
expected that available cash resources will be utilized in connection with the
ongoing acquisition, exploration and development programs of the Corporation.
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The information in the table below is as of December 31, 2002. See also the
Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 10.
NUMBER OF SECURITIES
NUMBER OF SECURITIES WEIGHTED-AVERAGE REMAINING AVAILABLE FOR
TO BE ISSUED UPON EXERCISE PRICE OF FUTURE ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY
EXERCISE OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, COMPENSATION PLANS
OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, WARRANTS AND RIGHTS (EXCLUDING SECURITIES REFLECTED
WARRANTS AND RIGHTS $ CDN IN COLUMN (A))
PLAN CATEGORY (A) (B) (C)
- ------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------------------
Equity compensation plans approved
by security holders............. 172,500 $4.19 52,500
Equity compensation plans not
approved by security holders.... 489,500 4.37 n/a
Total............................. 662,000 $4.32 52,500
21
Under the current terms of the Corporation's Stock Option Plan, a maximum of
225,000 common shares may be issued. The Board of Directors has proposed an
increase in the plan to 1 million shares and has approved the issuance of
489,500 options under the proposed increase, subject to shareholder approval
which will be sought at the Corporation's Annual General Meeting.
EXCHANGE CONTROLS
There are no governmental laws, decrees or regulations in Canada that restrict
the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls, or that
affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident
holders of the securities of Vista Gold, other than a Canadian withholding tax.
See "Item 5. Certain Canadian Income Tax Considerations for Non-Residents
of Canada".
CERTAIN CANADIAN INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR NON-RESIDENTS OF CANADA
Canadian withholding tax at a rate of 25% (subject to reduction under the
provisions of any relevant tax treaty) will be payable on dividends paid to a
holder of Common Shares who is not resident in Canada. The rate of withholding
tax applicable to dividends paid on the Common Shares to a resident of the
United States who beneficially holds such Common Shares would generally be
reduced to 15% or, if the non-resident holder is a corporation that owns at
least 10% of the Common Shares, to 5%. It is the Canada Customs and Revenue
Agency's present published policy that entities (including certain limited
liability companies) that are treated as being fiscally transparent for United
States federal income tax purposes will not qualify as residents of the United
States under the provisions of the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention.
Upon a disposition or deemed disposition of Common Shares, a capital gain (or
loss) will generally be realized by a non-resident holder to the extent that the
proceeds of disposition are greater (or less) than the aggregate of the adjusted
cost base of the Common Shares to the non-resident holder thereof immediately
before the disposition and any reasonable costs of disposition. Capital gains
realized on a disposition of Common Shares by a non-resident shareholder will
not be subject to Canadian tax unless the non-resident holder and/or persons
with whom the non-resident holder did not deal at arm's length, at any time
within the five-year period before the disposition, owned 25% or more of the
issued Common Shares of any class or series of Common Shares of Vista Gold.
Under the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention, a resident of the United
States who does not carry on a business from a permanent establishment or fixed
base in Canada and who realizes a capital gain on the disposition of Common
Shares that is otherwise subject to tax in Canada, will be exempt from Canadian
income tax. It is the Canada Customs and Revenue Agency's present published
policy that entities (including certain limited liability companies) that are
treated as being fiscally transparent for United States federal income tax
purposes will not qualify as residents of the United States under the provisions
of the Canada-United States Income Tax Convention.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
On December 27, 2002, the Corporation completed a private placement financing in
which it issued 1,000,000 equity units at a price of $2.35 per unit, for an
aggregate offering price of $2,350,000. All of the purchasers in the placement
were "accredited investors" as such term is defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). Each unit
consisted of one common share and one warrant, exercisable over a two-year
period from the issuance date, to purchase one common share for $3.04 during the
first year and $3.45 during the second year. The securities were issued in
reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities
Act specified by the provisions of Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and
Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. See also the Consolidated
Financial Statements--Note 8.
22
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
The selected financial data in Table below have been selected in part, from the
consolidated financial statements of the Corporation, which have been prepared
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada. The
selected financial data should be read in conjunction with those financial
statements and the notes thereto.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
----------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(U.S. $ 000'S, EXCEPT LOSS PER SHARE)
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Gold revenues.................................. $ -- $ 890 $ 3,757 $19,496 $37,083
Net loss before write-downs.................... 2,775 3,275 2,283 11,481 1,640
Net loss....................................... 2,775 3,275 13,209 27,700 1,640
Basic and diluted loss per share (restated for
years prior to 2002, see Consolidated
Financial Statements--Note 8)................ 0.41 0.72 2.91 6.11 0.37
FINANCIAL POSITION
Working capital................................ $ 3,507 $ (199) $ 106 $ 2,972 $10,285
Total assets................................... 20,688 13,889 17,232 33,429 80,878
Long-term debt and non-current liabilities..... 4,665 3,134 3,345 5,229 19,629
Shareholders' equity........................... 15,425 9,401 12,673 25,889 53,530
Had the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States,
certain selected financial data would have been reported as follows (see also
Note 19 of the Consolidated Financial Statements).
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
----------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(U.S. $ 000'S, EXCEPT LOSS PER SHARE)
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Gold revenues................................. $ -- $ 971 $ 3,526 $ 19,496 $37,083
Net earnings (loss)........................... (5,773) (3,194) (20,978) (13,716) 1,561
Basic and diluted loss per share (restated for
years prior to 2002, see Consolidated
Financial Statements--Note 8)............... (0.85) (0.70) (4.63) (3.02) 0.35
FINANCIAL POSITION
Total assets.................................. $12,814 $ 6,102 $ 9,364 $ 33,330 $66,551
Shareholders' equity.......................... 7,551 1,614 4,808 25,786 39,203
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS.
INTRODUCTION
This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial
statements of the Corporation for the three years ended December 31, 2002 and
the related notes thereto, which have been prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in Canada. Differences from United
States GAAP are described in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.
23
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
SUMMARY
The Corporation's 2002 net loss was $2.8 million ($0.41 per share), compared to
the 2001 net loss of $3.3 million ($0.72 per share). The improvement in 2002 is
a result of reduced holding costs at the Hycroft mine; lower depreciation and
amortization costs; and a 2001 non-recurring charge of $0.8 million for
settlement of a law suit, net of related $0.2 million cost recoveries in 2002;
offset by an expense to increase the provision for reclamation at Hycroft.
GOLD PRODUCTION AND REVENUE
The Hycroft mine is on care and maintenance. Mining activities were suspended at
Hycroft in 1998 and, as expected, gold production has declined steadily since
that time. Currently, solution is being circulated over the heap leach pads to
enhance evaporation. As the solution is circulated over the heap leach pads, it
is passed through a carbon plant, where small amounts of gold are adsorbed onto
activated carbon. Subsequently the gold is stripped from the carbon, refined and
sold. Effective at the beginning of fiscal 2002, gold production was considered
incidental to the activities at the Hycroft mine and reporting the associated
sales proceeds as revenue was no longer warranted. Accordingly, gold sales
proceeds of approximately $0.6 million in 2002 have been accounted for as an
offset to exploration, property evaluation and holding costs. Gold revenues in
2002 therefore were nil, compared to $0.9 million in 2001. The 2001 gold
revenues were a result of 3,232 ounces of gold production.
Gold production in 2001 was 3,232 ounces compared to 13,493 ounces in 2000; 2001
gold revenues of $0.9 million were down, as expected, from $3.8 million in 2000.
The decline in gold revenues in 2001 reflects the decrease in gold production
from 2000. Of this $2.9 million reduction in revenue, substantially the entire
difference resulted from lower gold production in 2001. Slightly lower gold
prices in 2001 ($275 per ounce average vs. $278 average in 2000) accounted for
approximately $10,000 of the $2.9 million reduction in revenue.
COSTS AND EXPENSES
As discussed above, effective at the beginning of fiscal 2002, gold production
was considered incidental to the activities at the Hycroft mine, accordingly
gold production costs, which approximately offset the $0.6 million proceeds
received from gold sales, are no longer recorded as production costs, but are
accounted for as exploration, property evaluation and holding costs. Recorded
2002 production costs are therefore nil.
Production costs at the Hycroft mine decreased to $0.7 million ($210 per ounce)
in 2001 from $2.6 million ($183 per ounce) in 2000. The decrease in costs was
primarily due to the progressive reduction of leach solution volume processed at
the Hycroft mine, with related reductions in manpower, in consumption of
materials and supplies, and in electrical power. The increase in per ounce costs
was due to the reduction in gold production.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization costs at Hycroft were $0.1 million in
2002 compared to $0.3 million in 2001 and $0.8 million in 2000. This downward
trend reflects the fact that a significant portion of the Hycroft property plant
and equipment has been sold, and a substantial portion of the remaining
equipment has been fully depreciated.
Consistent with Bureau of Land Management, Nevada State Office mandated
procedures, in 2002 the Corporation commissioned a third-party comprehensive
review of the estimated reclamation costs at the Hycroft mine. Based on this
review, the Corporation increased by $1.0 million its obligation accrued to
December 31, 2002. No such adjustments were made in 2001 and 2000.
24
Exploration, property evaluation and holding costs were $0.6 million in 2002,
compared to $1.2 million in 2001. Holding costs at Hycroft comprise
substantially all of the $0.6 million exploration, property evaluation and
holding costs in 2002, and it accounts for $1.1 million of the 2001 costs,
Amayapampa accounted for the remaining $0.1 million in 2001. The 2002 Hycroft
cost reductions resulted principally from manpower reductions and generally
lower levels of activity at the Hycroft site. 2002 net holding costs at
Amayapampa are negligible as a result of the collection of royalties accruing
from the sale in 2000 of the Capa Circa mine.
Exploration, property evaluation and holding costs of $1.2 million in 2001
compared to $1.9 million in 2000. Of these amounts, Hycroft accounted for
1.1 million in 2001, and a similar amount in 2000. Holding costs for Amayapampa
were $0.1 million, compared to $0.7 million in 2000. This reduction is mainly a
result of manpower reductions effected in April 2001, and resulting reduced
office and administration costs in Bolivia.
Corporate administration and investor relations costs were $1.3 million in 2002,
slightly higher than the $1.2 million in 2001. The increase reflects investor
relations and business development programs, consistent with its increased level
of gold project acquisition and private placement financings in 2002. Corporate
administration and investor relations costs were $1.2 million in 2001, similar
to the $1.2 million incurred in 2000, as expected.
The Corporation incurred $14,000 in interest expense in 2002, in connection with
its convertible debenture issuance, which closed on March 19, 2002. The
debentures had an annual interest rate of 1% and were converted automatically,
pursuant to their terms, on September 19, 2002 (see Consolidated Financial
Statements--Note 8). 2001 interest expense of $21,000 was lower than
$0.1 million incurred in 2000 because the Corporation repaid most of its debt in
the first quarter of 2001.
Net gains from disposals of Hycroft equipment in 2002 totalled $30,000, compared
to net gains of $0.1 million in 2001. 2002 net gains from disposals of assets
include a gain of $53,000 from the disposal of Canadian exploration claims. Net
gains from disposal in 2000 were $41,000. A gain on the sale of marketable
securities of $0.3 million was realized in 2000; no similar gain was realized or
realizable in 2001.
In 2001, the Corporation recorded a non-recurring provision of $0.8 million for
the settlement of the USF&G lawsuit as discussed in Consolidated Financial
Statements--Note 5. There was no similar provision in 2000.
The Corporation received from Golden Phoenix Minerals, Inc. ("GPMI"), the
current owner of the Mineral Ridge Mine, 628,931 common shares in consideration
for benefits GPMI received as a direct result of the Corporation's facilitation
of the USF&G settlement. These shares had a fair value of $220,000 when
received. In addition, the final settlement amount for the USF&G lawsuit was
approximately $20,000 less than provided for.
An $85,000 write-down to fair value has been made to reflect an estimated
$135,000 fair value of the GPMI shares.
Management regularly reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets. In
2000, based on these reviews, management wrote down the Amayapampa property in
Bolivia by $10.6 million, and certain Hycroft assets by $0.3 million. No similar
write-downs were deemed necessary in 2002 and 2001. The $10.6 million write-down
of the Amayapampa project in Bolivia in 2000 resulted from a carrying value
review wherein the previously assumed long-term gold price of $325 per ounce, as
assumed in 1999, was reduced to $300 per ounce in 2000, consistent with industry
practice. The $25 per ounce change in the gold price assumption resulted in a
reduction of approximately $10 million in expected future cash flows from the
Amayapampa project. Accordingly an impairment loss was recognized.
25
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of December 31, 2002, the Corporation had $3.5 million in working capital
compared to a working capital deficiency of $0.2 million as of December 31,
2001. The principal component of working capital is cash. The Corporation's
consolidated cash balance at December 31, 2002 was $3.4 million, an increase of
$2.7 million from the end of 2001. This increase resulted from the two private
placement financings, which provided $6.8 million in net proceeds (see
Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 8). In addition, the Corporation raised
$0.2 million from the sale of Hycroft mining equipment and Canadian mining
claims. The Corporation used $1.5 million as partial consideration in acquiring
gold projects (see Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 3), $0.8 million to
settle the USF&G lawsuit (see Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 5),
and $2.0 million was used in operating activities. In 2001 the Corporation
raised no cash from financings, used $0.7 million to repay debt; made no
acquisitions of property, plant and equipment, raised $3.0 from the sale of idle
mining equipment and used $1.7 million in operating activities.
Subsequent to December 31, 2002, the Corporation completed a private placement
equity unit financing for net proceeds of $3.0 million (see Consolidated
Financial Statements--Note 21).
Cash consumed in operating activities in 2001 was $1.7 million, compared to
$2.8 million in 2000. The $1.1 million improvement in 2001 is comprised mainly
of the reduction in reclamation and mine closure costs: $0.2 million compared to
$1.0 million in 2001 and 2000 respectively. The remainder of the cash
improvement reflects the Corporation's successful cost reduction efforts, offset
by a reduction in gold revenues. The Corporation made no capital expenditures in
2001, and no material capital expenditures in 2000.
OUTLOOK
Management has estimated that the Corporation's $3.5 million of working capital
as of December 31, 2002, will be adequate to meet its corporate administrative
and property obligations for the coming year. In 2003, the Corporation is
committed to approximately $300,000 in capital expenditures relating to
exploration and land holding costs for those projects acquired in 2002.
The Corporation expects that emphasis on gold project acquisition will continue
in the future. In support of this strategy, the Corporation has available, in
addition to its current working capital, approximately $3.0 million net
proceeds, from a financing completed subsequent to December 31, 2002.
The Corporation does not currently generate operating cash flows. Subject to
sustained higher gold prices, management expects that it can generate revenues
and cash flows, in the future, from its portfolio of gold projects by several
means, including, but not limited to: options or leases to third parties, joint
venture arrangements with other gold producers, outright sale for cash and/or
royalties. The Corporation does not have adequate cash to begin development of
any its projects, and would need to seek additional financing in order to
construct and operate a gold mine. Although the Corporation has been successful
in obtaining such financing in the past, there can be no assurance that it will
be able to do so in the future.
The Corporation has provided a surety bond in the amount of $5.1 million to
ensure reclamation obligations under an approved reclamation plan at the Hycroft
mine. The Bureau of Land Management, Nevada State Office, has requested an
additional bond of $443,279 for interim fluid management and it is probable that
the State will request that the Corporation increase the total surety bond
amount to an estimated $6.7 million, inclusive of the interim fluid management
bond. Furthermore, the Corporation has been requested to pledge collateral in
order to provide this surety bond. The amount and the nature of the collateral
will be subject to negotiation. There can be no assurance that the Corporation
will be successful in providing acceptable collateral and thus posting the
surety bond.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
At December 31, 2002, the registrant was a "small business issuer" as such term
is defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and accordingly is not required to
provide the information under this Item.
26
ITEM 8. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
To the Shareholders of Vista Gold Corp.
The consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Board of
Directors and management. The accompanying consolidated financial statements of
the Corporation have been prepared by management based on information available
through February 28, 2003; these consolidated financial statements are in
accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, and have been
reconciled to United States generally accepted accounting principles as
presented in Note 19.
A system of internal accounting and administrative controls is maintained by
management in order to provide reasonable assurance that financial information
is accurate and reliable, and that the Corporation's assets are safeguarded.
Limitations exist in all cost-effective systems of internal controls. The
Corporation's systems have been designed to provide reasonable but not absolute
assurance that financial records are adequate to allow for the completion of
reliable financial information and the safeguarding of its assets. The
Corporation believes that the systems are adequate to achieve the stated
objectives.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is comprised of three outside
directors, and meets regularly with management and the independent auditors to
ensure that management is maintaining adequate internal controls and systems and
to recommend to the Board of Directors approval of the annual and quarterly
consolidated financial statements of the Corporation. The committee also meets
with the independent auditors and discusses the results of their audit and their
report prior to submitting the consolidated financial statements to the Board of
Directors for approval.
The consolidated financial statements have been audited by
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Chartered Accountants, who were appointed by the
shareholders. The auditors' report outlines the scope of their examination and
their opinion on the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ RONALD J. MCGREGOR /s/ JOHN F. ENGELE
---------------------------- ----------------------------
Ronald J. McGregor John F. Engele
President and Vice President Finance and
Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer
27
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Shareholders of Vista Gold Corp.
We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of Vista Gold Corp. as of
December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the consolidated statements of loss, deficit and
cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. These
consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards
in Canada and the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan
and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation.
In our opinion, these consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Corporation as of
December 31, 2002 and 2001 and the consolidated results of its operations and
cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 in accordance
with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
- ----------------------------
Chartered Accountants
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
February 28, 2003
28
VISTA GOLD CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AT DECEMBER 31
-----------------------------
2002 2001
----------- -----------
(U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents--Note 15.......................... $ 3,443 $ 674
Marketable securities--Note 14.............................. 135 --
Accounts receivable......................................... 185 180
Supplies and other.......................................... 342 301
--------- ---------
Current assets.............................................. 4,105 1,155
Mineral properties--Note 3.................................. 14,919 10,730
Plant and equipment--Note 4................................. 1,664 2,004
--------- ---------
Property, plant and equipment............................... 16,583 12,734
--------- ---------
Total assets................................................ $ 20,688 $ 13,889
========= =========
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Accounts payable............................................ $ 228 $ 145
Accrued liabilities and other............................... 370 1,209
--------- ---------
Current liabilities--Note 5................................. 598 1,354
Payables to be settled with equity--Note 6.................. 510 --
Accrued reclamation and closure costs--Note 7............... 4,155 3,134
--------- ---------
Total liabilities........................................... 5,263 4,488
--------- ---------
Capital stock, no par value per share--Note 8:
Preferred--unlimited shares authorized; no shares
outstanding
Common--unlimited shares authorized; shares outstanding:
2002--10,744,613 and 2001--4,535,752.................... 129,575 121,146
Warrants--Note 9............................................ 345 --
Options--Note 10............................................ 25 --
Deficit..................................................... (114,520) (111,745)
--------- ---------
Total shareholders' equity.................................. 15,425 9,401
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity.................. $ 20,688 $ 13,889
========= =========
Commitments and contingencies--Note 13
Subsequent events--Note 21
Approved by the Board of Directors
/s/ C. THOMAS OGRYZLO /s/ JOHN M. CLARK
-------------------------- --------------------------
C. Thomas Ogryzlo John M. Clark
Director Director
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
29
VISTA GOLD CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
--------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
(U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS,
EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
REVENUES:
Gold sales--Note 11................................... $ -- $ 890 $ 3,757
---------- ---------- ----------
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Production costs--Note 11............................. -- 746 2,560
Depreciation, depletion and amortization.............. 74 301 867
Provision for reclamation and closure costs........... 1,048 -- --
Exploration, property evaluation and holding costs.... 642 1,246 1,875
Corporate administration and investor relations....... 1,257 1,158 1,244
Interest expense...................................... 14 21 114
Gain on disposal of assets............................ (83) (105) (41)
Gain on disposal of marketable securities............. -- -- (280)
Other income.......................................... (22) (16) (266)
Provision for settlement of USF&G suit--Note 5........ -- 814 --
Cost recoveries related to USF&G lawsuit--Note 12..... (240) -- --
Write-down of mineral properties and other assets..... -- -- 10,926
Write-down of marketable securities................... 85 -- --
---------- ---------- ----------
Total costs and expenses.............................. 2,775 4,165 16,999
---------- ---------- ----------
Loss before taxes..................................... (2,775) (3,275) (13,242)
Income taxes.......................................... -- -- (33)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net loss.............................................. $ (2,775) $ (3,275) $ (13,209)
========== ========== ==========
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
(restated--Note 8).................................. 6,760,755 4,535,752 4,535,752
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic and diluted loss per share (restated--Note 8)... $ (0.41) $ (0.72) $ (2.91)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE