SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
ý |
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 29, 2002 |
|
OR |
|
o |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number 0-20792
FRESH CHOICE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
77-0130849 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
|
485 Cochrane Circle, Morgan Hill, CA (Address of principal executive offices) |
95037-2831 (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (408) 776-0799
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definite proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K o
Approximate aggregate market value of the registrant's Common Stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant (based on the closing sales price of such stock as reported in the Nasdaq National Market) on June 14, 2002, the last business day of the registrant's second fiscal quarter, was $6,454,291. Excludes shares of Common Stock held by directors, officers and each person who holds 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock at June 14, 2002 because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This exclusion is not a conclusive determination of such status for other purposes.
Number of shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of March 3, 2003 was 5,964,068.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
| Documents |
Form 10-K Reference |
|---|---|
| (1) Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled for May 6, 2003 | Part III |
FRESH CHOICE, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
| |
|
Page No. |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PART I | 3 | ||||
Item 1. |
BUSINESS |
3 |
|||
| Item 2. | PROPERTIES | 15 | |||
| Item 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 15 | |||
| Item 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS | 15 | |||
PART II |
16 |
||||
Item 5. |
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
16 |
|||
| Item 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 17 | |||
| Item 7. | MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 17 | |||
| Item 7a. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 29 | |||
| Item 8 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 30 | |||
| Item 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | 30 | |||
PART III |
30 |
||||
Item 10. |
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT |
30 |
|||
| Item 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 30 | |||
| Item 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT | 30 | |||
| Item 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS | 30 | |||
| Item 14. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 31 | |||
PART IV |
31 |
||||
Item 15. |
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K |
31 |
|||
SIGNATURES |
53 |
||||
CERTIFICATION OF PERIODIC REPORT |
54 |
||||
INDEX TO FORM 10-K EXHIBITS |
56 |
||||
FORM 10-K EXHIBITS |
|||||
2
Certain statements set forth in or incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including anticipated store openings, planned capital expenditures, settlement of lease obligations and trends in or expectations regarding the Company's operations, constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are based on currently available operating, financial and competitive information and are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Actual future results and trends may differ materially depending on a variety of factors as set forth under the heading "BusinessBusiness Risks". In particular, the Company's plans to open new restaurants could be affected by the Company's ability to locate suitable restaurant sites, negotiate acceptable lease terms, construct new restaurants in a timely manner, operate its restaurants profitably and obtain additional financing, as well as general economic conditions.
As of March 3, 2003, the Company operated 55 restaurants of which 51 restaurants operate under the "Fresh Choice" and "Zoopa" brand names, 1 operates under the "Fresh Choice Express" brand name, two operate as dual branded Fresh Choice Express and licensed Starbucks retail stores and one operates as a licensed Starbucks retail store. The Company operates 41 restaurants in California, 5 restaurants in the state of Washington and 9 restaurants in Texas, including the Fresh Choice Express restaurant, the two dual branded Fresh Choice Express and licensed Starbucks retail stores and the one licensed Starbucks retail store. Fresh Choice and Zoopa restaurants feature an extensive selection of healthy, high-quality, freshly-made specialty and traditional salads, hot pasta, pizza, hot baked potatoes, soups, fresh breads and muffins, frozen low-fat soft serve and other desserts, offered in a limited-service format. The Company's goal is to create a distinctive dining experience that combines the selection, quality and ambiance of full-service, casual restaurants with the convenience and value appeal of traditional buffet restaurants.
The Fresh Choice and Zoopa restaurants use fresh produce and high-quality ingredients in their menu offerings. Fresh produce is delivered several days per week to each restaurant, and all menu items are prepared on-site. To reinforce the Company's commitment to freshness, many of the Company's food offerings are prepared in exhibition-style cooking areas throughout the day. Guests make their selections from salads, soups, baked potatoes, hot pasta, pizza, muffins, breads, bakery goods, fresh fruit, frozen low-fat soft serve and specialty desserts. Rotisserie chicken and related side dishes are served in several Texas and selected rural California locations.
The Company believes that its Fresh Choice and Zoopa restaurants provide guests an excellent price/value relationship by offering unlimited servings for a current single price of $6.99 at lunch, $8.29 at dinner, $4.49 for children ages six to twelve and $1.49 for children ages three to five with children under three free, in most locations, plus the cost of a beverage. The Company's wide variety of high-quality food and attractive prices are designed to appeal to a broad range of guests, including families, business professionals, students and senior citizens. In addition, the Company believes the concept appeals to health-conscious diners who are focused on the nutritional content of their meals.
Fresh Choice Express is a concept designed as an extension of the Fresh Choice brand, and existing local Fresh Choice restaurants. Two of the locations are in office buildings providing breakfast and lunch, Monday through Friday. One of these locations is dual branded with a licensed Starbucks retail store. These restaurants allow a guest to choose from tossed-to-order salads, made-to-order oven-toasted sandwiches, signature soups and baked potatoes. The third location is in a mall and is dual branded with a licensed Starbucks retail store. The mall location is open seven days per week for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The menu features a selection of tossed-to-order salads, made-to-order oven-toasted sandwiches and signature soups. The one licensed Starbucks retail store and the two dual branded Fresh Choice Express and licensed Starbucks retail stores were opened under a licensing agreement between Fresh Choice and Starbucks Coffee Company and offer handcrafted espresso beverages, drip coffee and a
3
selection of freshly baked pastries. Additional licensed Starbucks retail store locations will be determined jointly between Starbucks Coffee Company and Fresh Choice.
The Company views its commitment to its employees, or crewmembers, as critical to its long-term success. The Company depends on a high rate of repeat business, and views the quality of its crewmember interaction with guests as an important element of its strategy. By providing extensive training and competitive compensation, the Company seeks to foster a strong corporate culture and encourage a sense of personal commitment from crewmembers at all levels. The Company believes that its strong culture helps it attract and retain highly-motivated crewmembers who provide its guests with a level of service superior to that traditionally associated with limited-service restaurants.
The Company acquired the Zoopa trade name and three Zoopa restaurants in fiscal 1997 and currently operates its four Washington restaurants and one restaurant in San Antonio, Texas under the Zoopa name. The Company opened five and closed three Fresh Choice restaurants in California in fiscal 2002. The Company has generally attempted to cluster its restaurants in each market area to benefit from operating, purchasing and advertising efficiencies, enhance brand-name recognition, and discourage competition.
The Company was incorporated in California on October 20, 1986 under the name Gourmet California, Inc. In August 1988, the Company was recapitalized as a result of a merger with Moffett Partners, Inc., and the survivor of the merger was re-named Fresh Choice, Inc. Effective December 4, 1992, the Company was reincorporated in Delaware. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the "Company" or "Fresh Choice" mean Fresh Choice, Inc. and its predecessors.
The Company maintains a worldwide website at www.freshchoice.com. Investors can obtain copies of our Securities and Exchange Commission filings from this site free of charge.
Business Strategy
The Company's objective is to create a distinctive dining experience that combines the selection, quality and ambiance of full-service, casual dining restaurants with the convenience and value appeal of traditional buffet restaurants. Each element of the Company's strategy is designed to exceed guests' expectations, encourage repeat business, and establish a significant presence in each of its targeted markets. The key elements of the Company's strategy include the following:
Fresh, Healthy, High-Quality Food. The Company is committed to using fresh produce and high-quality ingredients in its menu offerings. Fresh produce is delivered several days per week to each restaurant, and all menu items are prepared on-site. To reinforce the Company's commitment to freshness, many of the Company's food offerings are prepared in separate exhibition-style cooking areas throughout the day. The Company maintains stringent quality standards in identifying, purchasing and preparing fresh food and ingredients.
Extensive Food Selection. The restaurant's broad selection of food offerings is designed to appeal to a wide range of guests. Each restaurant features a selection of specialty salads daily, prepared from recipes developed or acquired by the Company, as well as salad ingredients and a variety of dressings that allow guests to create their own salads. Each restaurant also offers a selection of delicious freshly-prepared soups, hot pasta with a variety of signature sauces, pizza, hot breads, muffins and other bakery goods, baked potatoes, fresh fruits, frozen low-fat soft serve and other desserts. Rotisserie chicken and related side dishes are served in several Texas and selected rural California locations.
Quality Assurance/Food Safety Program. The Company is committed to ensuring the highest levels of product quality, consistency and freshness. The Company's restaurant managers audit taste and monitor safe food temperatures throughout the day. Strict shelf life standards are required on all food items. Only high quality ingredients from reputable sources are used in the restaurants. The regional managers inspect
4
the restaurants regularly to assure that all standards are in place and the individual restaurants are complying with product specifications and recipe adherence.
Fresh Choice provides and requires food safety training to all crewmembers and managers. All restaurants food safety practices are inspected by the regional manager regularly and typically once per quarter by a quality assurance manager. The results of these inspections directly impact manager incentive pay. Prepared food and food storage temperatures are checked for adherence to standards throughout the day with the results recorded. Frequent crewmember hand washing is required and monitored. Fresh Choice restaurants use a safe, flavor and odor free anti-microbial wash on all fruits and vegetables to ensure that clean and safe produce is served to guests. Digital cameras are strategically placed throughout each restaurant to enhance safety in the restaurants. These cameras are capable of being accessed off premise to allow the quality assurance manager, the regional managers and other authorized home office crewmembers to observe the restaurants as deemed necessary.
Excellent Price/Value Relationship. The Company believes its pricing strategy, for offering unlimited servings, is an excellent price/value alternative to other casual dining restaurants. Discounts are provided for young children and senior citizens through the Company's Masters Club.
Commitment to Guest Service. The Company is committed to providing its guests with a level of service superior to that traditionally associated with limited-service restaurants. Fresh Choice depends upon a high rate of repeat business, and views the quality of its crewmember interaction with guests as critical to its long-term success. By providing extensive training and competitive compensation, the Company believes it fosters a strong corporate culture and encourages a sense of personal commitment from crewmembers at all levels.
The Company devotes substantial attention and resources to maintaining the cleanliness and consistent high-quality presentation of the salad bar and other exhibition cooking areas in order to enhance the visual appeal of the Company's offerings.
Distinctive Design and Casual Atmosphere. The Company devotes significant resources to the design and decor of its restaurants. The restaurants have a flexible design which can accommodate a variety of available sites. The Company's new restaurant design and decor incorporated into its new restaurants and the current Fresh Choice restaurants remodel plan, uses an interior design that is in the style of an open-air international marketplace, like a farmer's market. The food is displayed in colorful arcades with fun and distinctive signage segregating each arcade section.
Expansion Strategy
The Company intends to continue expansion in fiscal 2003 in its existing markets. The Company opened five new Fresh Choice restaurants in 2002 and, as of March 3, 2003, has opened two new Fresh Choice restaurants in fiscal 2003. The Company currently plans to open two additional Fresh Choice restaurants in 2003. Expansion within the Company's existing markets will allow the Company to generally benefit from advertising, purchasing and operating efficiencies. In addition, the Company believes clustering allows the Company to capture more of the available guest base and to discourage competition. To the extent that the Company elects to open new restaurants in markets outside of its existing markets, the Company expects that these restaurants may benefit from certain volume purchasing discounts and operating efficiencies generally applicable to its current restaurants.
In 2002, the Company converted one Fresh Choice Express restaurant in Texas to a licensed Starbucks retail store and converted another Fresh Choice Express to a dual branded Fresh Choice Express and licensed Starbucks retail store. No new Fresh Choice Express restaurants were opened in 2002 and no additional Fresh Choice Express restaurants are planned for 2003.
5
There can be no assurance that the restaurants will be successful outside the Company's existing markets, in locations where the Company has limited operating experience, where the weather is more seasonal, or where regional tastes and restaurant preferences may be different. In addition, the Company's ability to successfully implement an expansion strategy will depend upon a variety of factors, many of which may be beyond the Company's control, including the Company's ability to locate suitable restaurant locations, negotiate acceptable lease terms, obtain required government approvals, construct new restaurants in a timely manner, attract, train and retrain qualified and experienced personnel and management, operate its restaurants profitably and obtain additional capital to finance expansion and equipment costs, as well as general economic conditions and the degree of competition in the particular market. The Company has already experienced and expects to continue to experience delays in restaurant openings from time to time. As the Company continues expansion, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in opening the number of restaurants anticipated, that those restaurants will be opened in a timely manner, or that, if opened, those restaurants will be operated profitably. In addition, the Company frequently reviews the operating performance and profitability of its restaurants, and, to the extent they do not meet expectations for operating performance, restaurants will be evaluated for possible closure. The Company has closed restaurants in the past and given the number of restaurants in current operation and the Company's projected expansion rate there can be no assurances that the Company will not close restaurants in the future. Any closure could result in a significant write-off of assets, which could adversely affect the Company's business, financial position and results of operations.
The Company currently operates all of its existing restaurants, and has no current plans to offer franchises or to begin purchasing rather than leasing its restaurant sites on a regular basis.
Site Selection
To date, the Company has located its restaurants in regional malls, strip centers and freestanding locations. The Company considers the location of each restaurant to be critical to its long-term success, and management devotes significant effort to the investigation and evaluation of potential sites. The site selection process focuses on market area demographics including targets for population, household income and education, as well as site specific characteristics including daytime traffic volumes and patterns, visibility, accessibility and availability of adequate parking. The Company also reviews potential competition and guest activity at other restaurants operating in the area. The Company believes that its flexibility in utilizing its different restaurant layouts gives it a competitive advantage in selecting sites. The Company requires approximately twelve to eighteen months after identifying a site to complete negotiation of a lease and construct and open a new restaurant. While the Company currently leases most of its restaurant sites and expects to lease virtually all of its sites in the future, it may purchase one or more sites for construction of new restaurants if available on acceptable financial terms. Currently, the Company owns land and buildings at two of its restaurant sites and owns buildings on leased land at six others.
Restaurant Economics
For the 52 weeks ended December 29, 2002, the 43 comparable Fresh Choice and Zoopa restaurants open throughout the entire period generated average net sales of approximately $1,576,000 and average store level cash flow, after occupancy expenses, of approximately $228,000 or 14.5% of net sales. Store level cash flow excludes depreciation and amortization expense, general and administrative expense, store closure and asset impairment expense, restaurant opening expense and net interest expense. During fiscal 2002 the Company opened five new Fresh Choice restaurants and, as of March 3, 2003, has opened two new Fresh Choice restaurants in fiscal 2003. The average cash cost of these seven restaurants was $1.2 million, not including restaurant opening expenses. The investment of capital to open a new restaurant typically includes the purchase and installation of furniture, fixtures, equipment and leasehold improvements, and in the case of a land lease the cost to construct the building. The Company currently leases the sites for most of its restaurants, mixed between in-line, mall and stand-alone sites.
6
Each Fresh Choice and Zoopa restaurant features a salad bar offering signature specialty tossed and prepared salads with an extensive choice of salad ingredients and dressings. All specialty tossed salads and specialty prepared salads are clearly marked, and low-fat and fat-free items are prominently identified. Throughout the day several crewmembers maintain the salad bar and replenish individual salads and ingredients from the opposite side of the salad bar, minimizing interference with guests. Separate exhibition-style arcades offer fresh soups, hot pasta dishes, pizza, baked potatoes, hot breads, muffins and other bakery goods, fresh fruits, frozen low-fat soft serve and other desserts. Rotisserie chicken and related side dishes are served in Texas and selected rural California locations. During peak hours, each guest is escorted to his or her table. Each guest may obtain unlimited refills of all food and dessert dishes, soft drinks, lemonade, coffee and tea.
The Company has developed proprietary recipes for a broad assortment of specialty salads, soups, pasta sauces, and muffins. In each product category, the restaurants offer several standard dishes daily, and rotates additional offerings to provide variety for the Company's many repeat guests. Each category also contains daily offerings that are particularly low in fat. Because the restaurants utilize a broad variety of produce and other ingredients in its dishes and is not overly dependent on any individual recipe, it is able to substitute dishes and ingredients in the event that weather conditions or supply factors lead to high prices or shortages of particular produce items or other ingredients. The Company believes that the flexibility of its menu allows it to accommodate regional tastes and minimize the impact of cost increases.
Salads. The restaurants offer signature specialty tossed salads and specialty prepared salads, each of which is made from recipes created by the Company, and salads made by the guest from a broad assortment of salad ingredients. The salad bar in each restaurant features specialty tossed salads that are prepared exhibition-style and are rotated frequently.
Each day the salad bar features a selection of specialty prepared salads from among the Company's more than 90 recipes. The Company's salad bar also offers more than 40 salad ingredients and toppings, allowing guests to create their own salad. The ingredients include various types of lettuce and a broad assortment of vegetables, cheeses, and other toppings. The Company offers 10 dressings and a selection of gourmet oils and vinegars.
Soups. The restaurants offer a variety of soups selected daily from among its more than 50 soup recipes. All soups are prepared on-site utilizing fresh produce and other high-quality ingredients, and include low-fat and non-fat selections.
Pasta. The restaurants offer high quality pasta with a selection of two or three freshly prepared signature sauces.
Pizza. The restaurants offer three-cheese pizza fresh from the oven all day long. In addition low fat vegetarian, pepperoni or other topped pizzas may be offered.
Muffins and Breads. The restaurants offer a variety of muffins daily, including a low-fat muffin, selected from among its more than 70 muffin recipes. All muffins are baked in the exhibition bakery area and are replenished frequently to ensure warmth and freshness. The restaurants also offer a variety of freshly baked breads, including sourdough french bread, harvest bread and herbed bread sticks.
Rotisserie Chicken (Texas and selected California locations only). These restaurants offer a savory herb crusted rotisserie chicken served with a variety of side dishes including mashed red potatoes, stuffing and macaroni and cheese.
Desserts. The restaurants offer an assortment of desserts, including fresh fruits, tapioca, chocolate pudding, frozen low-fat soft serve, tasty cakes, and a triple chocolate decadence brownie.
7
Beverages. The restaurants offer an assortment of fruit juices, fresh lemonades and flavored iced teas. Fresh Choice also offers sodas and sparkling waters, and in most restaurants, beer and wine. Refills of juices, lemonade, soft drinks, coffee and tea are provided at no extra cost to our guests.
Guest Service
The Company is committed to providing a superior level of service in order to distinguish itself from traditional limited-service restaurants. During peak hours, guests are escorted from the salad bar to a table. Crewmembers are in the dining area during meal hours to ensure each guest leaves the restaurant with the intent to return. Guest servers provide follow up beverage service, clear and clean tables, and attend to other guest needs.
The Company devotes substantial attention and resources to maintaining the cleanliness and consistent high-quality presentation of the salad bar and other exhibition cooking areas in order to enhance the visual appeal of the Company's food offerings. The restaurant's crewmembers are present behind the salad bar and in the exhibition cooking areas to replenish and replace food offerings, to answer guest questions, and to assist guests in serving themselves. All crewmembers in each restaurant are required to maintain a high standard of dress and grooming.
The Company actively solicits guest input through several sources. In the restaurant, comment cards are prominently displayed in several areas and guests can also submit their comments via the Company's web site.
Restaurant Design
The Company's restaurants utilize a salad bar, with the cash registers placed at the end of the salad bar in most of the restaurants before the guest has access to the other food service areas. A few of the Company's restaurants have been designed so that the cash registers are positioned toward the front of the restaurant to provide guests with direct access to the various food service areas. The Company's new restaurants incorporate an open, colorful, fun, brighter, more inviting decor package and a more efficient layout. This look was incorporated into the Company's remodel program completed in fiscal 2000.
The Company's restaurants range from 4,800 to 9,014 square feet, seating from 108 to 300 guests inside. The Company's average Fresh Choice restaurant is approximately 6,831 square feet and has inside seats for approximately 219 guests. In addition, many of the Company's restaurants provide limited outdoor seating. The flexible design of the restaurants enables the Company to take advantage of a broad range of available sites.
Remodeling
Remodeling is an integral part of the Company's strategic plan. Restaurants typically require remodeling every five to seven years. The Company's latest remodel program incorporated an open, colorful, fun, brighter, more inviting decor package. This remodeling program was completed in fiscal 2000.
Marketing and Promotion
The Company's marketing strategy in its existing markets is to increase unaided brand awareness toward building top-of-mind recall of the Fresh Choice or Zoopa brand resulting in increased usage among targeted consumers.
The Company intends to maximize exposure within its target market with a consistent program of high impact, four color, broad reaching mediums such as freestanding inserts in key newspapers. These tactics are designed to leverage both the high level of brand awareness and build a positive identifiable perception
8
of Fresh Choice and Zoopa in the mind of the consumer. Additionally, by consistently providing a positive dining experience, the Company believes it benefits from significant word-of-mouth advertising.
In new markets, the marketing strategy is to build brand name awareness where no or very low awareness exists. The Company intends to accomplish this through the use of appropriate local advertising mediums and creative messages. Prior to opening each new restaurant, the Company typically sponsors fund-raisers and pre-opening parties in the restaurant with local charities or schools to build community relationships and attract customers to the restaurant.
Restaurant Operations and Management
Management and Crewmembers. The Company has endeavored to establish a strong corporate identity and culture and to maintain quality and consistency in its restaurants through the careful training of personnel and the establishment of rigorous standards relating to food purchasing and preparation and maintenance of the serving areas and facilities. Responsibility for managing the Company's restaurant operations is currently shared by eight Regional Managers, who report to either the Area Vice President, or the Area Director who each reports to the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer who reports to the President and Chief Executive Officer. Regional managers are generally responsible for four to ten restaurants.
The management staff of a typical Fresh Choice restaurant consists of one general manager, two or three restaurant managers and a shift manager. The Company externally recruits most of its restaurant managers, virtually all of whom have prior restaurant management experience. Most of the Company's current general managers have been promoted from restaurant managers. All newly hired managers participate in the Company's training course. Each restaurant also employs approximately 35 hourly crewmembers, many of whom work part-time. The general manager of each restaurant is responsible for the day-to-day operation and profitability of the restaurant. To enhance quality, service, cleanliness, maintenance and safety, the Company has developed detailed systems, procedures and controls with respect to labor and food cost standards, food preparation, planning and scheduling. The Company's culture emphasizes a sense of ownership and entrepreneurship. The Company maintains a variety of programs to reward excellent service and performance by each crewmember at the restaurant level. In addition to a competitive base salary, the Company has incentive plans that rewards restaurant managers based upon achieving sales and profit targets, controlling costs, quality of operations and tenure with the Company.
Food Purchasing. The Company has designed systems for determining order quantities and has developed preparation methods that together ensure freshness, maximize usage and minimize waste. Most food items are purchased on a centralized basis to ensure uniform quality and adequate supplies, and to obtain competitive prices. To the extent possible, the Company purchases food items pursuant to fixed-price, annual contracts that are not subject to minimum quantity requirements. All produce is purchased from sources that have been pre-qualified to meet the Company's specifications. Produce is delivered directly to individual restaurants. At each restaurant, the management team is responsible for assuring that all deliveries meet the Company's guidelines regarding freshness and quality. The Company believes alternate sources are available for all products.
Recipe Development. The Company's food development efforts focus on introducing compelling and innovative new recipes, as well as upgrading the flavor profiles and presentation standards of existing recipe favorites. Seasonal and upscale produce items are rotated into the salad bar product mix to continue to have "the best salad bar in the business".
Training and Support. The Company believes that its training programs have been successful in developing commitment to the Company, a consistent level of execution, and high-quality guest service. Upon joining Fresh Choice, each restaurant manager participates in a training course that covers all
9
aspects of restaurant operations and develops management skills. New managers also attend Fresh Choice University within the first three months of joining Fresh Choice. All crewmembers are instructed through a combination of written materials and hands-on training prior to their performance being validated by a certified trainer and restaurant management. In addition, the Company creates and facilitates management and hourly crewmember workshops that apply to and support the Company's current goals and objectives.
Information Systems. Each restaurant is equipped with a computer containing programs to perform crewmember timekeeping and daily cash and sales reporting. The automation of these important administrative responsibilities reduces the time spent by restaurant managers preparing daily reports of cash, deposits, sales, sales mix and guest counts, labor costs, and food waste. In addition guest count forecasts are generated automatically, which assists restaurant managers in the more accurate scheduling of crewmembers and the production of food. Reports are run and distributed automatically to regional managers each morning as well as compiled for executive management review. Payroll information is processed every two weeks at the restaurants and transmitted electronically to the corporate office, where the information is interfaced with the Company's outside payroll service.
Financial controls are maintained centrally through a computerized accounting system at the Company's corporate office. Sales are posted electronically to the general ledger from the central cash and sales database. Profit and loss statements are compiled every four weeks by the accounting department and provided to the general managers and regional managers for analysis and comparison to the Company's budgets.
Hours of Restaurant Operation. Most of the Company's restaurants are open seven days a week, typically from 11:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Sunday through Thursday, and from 11:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays.
Competition
The Company's restaurants compete with the growing mid-price, full-service casual dining segment; with traditional limited-service buffet, soup, and salad restaurants; and, increasingly, with fast-casual and quick-service outlets. The Company's competitors include national and regional chains, as well as local owner-operated restaurants. Key competitive factors in the industry are the quality and value of the food products offered, quality and speed of service, price, dining experience, restaurant location and the ambiance of facilities. The Company believes that it competes favorably with respect to these factors, although many of the Company's competitors have been in existence longer than the Company, have a more established market presence, and have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than the Company, which may give them certain competitive advantages. The Company believes that its ability to compete effectively will continue to depend in large measure upon its ability to offer a diverse selection of high-quality, fresh food products with an attractive price/value relationship. In addition the Company expects intense competition for restaurant sites, which may result in the Company having difficulty leasing desirable sites on terms that are acceptable to the Company. The Company expects that in some cases competitors may be willing to pay more than the Company for sites.
Government Regulation
Each of the Company's restaurants is subject to various federal, state and local laws, regulations and administrative practices affecting its business, and must comply with provisions regulating health and sanitation standards, equal employment, minimum wages and licensing for the sale of food and alcoholic beverages. Difficulties or failures in obtaining or maintaining required beer and wine licenses or other required licenses or approvals could delay or prevent the opening of new restaurants or adversely affect the operations of existing restaurants. The Company has no reason to believe that any of such future license applications would not be approved.
10
Trademarks and Service Marks
"Fresh Choice", "Zoopa", "The Ultimate Soup & Salad Bar", "Fresh Choice Masters Club" and "Fresh Choice Express" are registered marks of the Company. The Company is also pursuing federal registration of its logo. The Company's policy is to strenuously police the use of its marks and to oppose infringement of its marks.
Employees
As of March 3, 2003, the Company had approximately 2,046 crewmembers. These included approximately 1,838 hourly restaurant crewmembers, of whom approximately 1,252 were part-time crewmembers, approximately 161 full-time restaurant managers and trainees and approximately 47 full-time corporate management and staff. None of the Company's crewmembers is represented by a labor union. The Company believes its employee relations are excellent.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The executive officers of the Company as of March 3, 2003 are as follows:
| Name |
Age |
Position |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Everett F. Jefferson | 64 | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| Tim G. O'Shea | 55 | Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer | ||
| David E. Pertl | 50 | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Joan M. Miller | 51 | Senior Vice President, Human Resources | ||
| Tina E. Freedman | 42 | Senior Vice President, Product Development and Purchasing |
Mr. Jefferson was elected President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company in February 1997. Mr. Jefferson has an extensive background in restaurant operations. From June 1996 to February 1997 Mr. Jefferson was an independent consultant. From June 1993 to June 1996 Mr. Jefferson was President and Chief Executive Officer of Cucina Holding, Inc., the operator of Java City coffee and bakery. From March 1990 to June 1993 he was an independent consultant and independent restaurant operator. From May 1987 to March 1990 he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Skipper's, Inc. From May 1986 to April 1987 he was President of Kings Table, Inc. Earlier in his career Mr. Jefferson was with Pizza Hut, Inc. for five years including three years as Senior Vice President of Operations and was with Saga Corporation for ten years including two years as Regional Director of the Southeast and Caribbean.
Mr. O'Shea joined Fresh Choice in March 1996 as Vice President, Marketing, was named a Senior Vice President in December 1998 and was named Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in November 2002. From July 1991 to March 1996 he was Vice President, Marketing for retail and foodservice products for W.R. Grace and Co., a food processor. Mr. O'Shea has over 25 years of experience in restaurant management and marketing including positions as Vice President of Foodservice Marketing for Culinary Brands, Inc. from January 1987 to June 1991 and Vice President and General Manager of the hotel foodservices division of Saga Corporation from October 1975 to January 1987.
Mr. Pertl joined Fresh Choice in January 1997 as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and was named a Senior Vice President in December 1998. Mr. Pertl was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Summit Family Restaurants, Inc., a publicly-held family style restaurant company, from September 1989 until July 1996, when Summit was acquired. From September 1977 to September 1989 he
11
held various financial positions with Ponderosa, Inc., including Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from January 1987 to September 1989.
Ms. Miller joined Fresh Choice in June, 1995 as Vice President, Human Resources and was named a Senior Vice President in December 1998. From March 1992 to March 1995 she was Vice President, Human Resources for Medallion Mortgage Co., a mortgage banking company. From March 1990 to March 1992 she was an attorney with Littler Mendelson Fastiff Tichy & Mathiason, specializing in labor law. From 1981 to 1990 Ms. Miller was Senior Vice President, Human Resources for Pacific Western Bank.
Ms. Freedman joined Fresh Choice in May 1992 as a restaurant manager and was named Vice President, Product Development and Purchasing in August 1996, was elected as an executive officer in March 1997 and was named a Senior Vice President in December 1998. Ms. Freedman has held various positions at Fresh Choice, including Director of Product Development from April 1995 to August 1996, Director of Training from December 1994 to April 1995, Regional Manager from October 1993 to December 1994, and General Manager from September 1992 to October 1993. From September 1982 to May 1992 she was Director of Food Services for Macy's, California, a retail/restaurant company.
Business Risks
Certain characteristics and dynamics of the Company's business and of financial markets in general create risks to the Company's long-term success and to predictable financial results. These risks include:
Operating Losses and Historical Declines in Comparable Store Sales. Our quarterly and annual operating results and same store sales have fluctuated significantly in the past and are likely to fluctuate significantly in the future. The Company reported its first operating loss in the fourth quarter of 1994, and reported operating losses in three of the following four years. Although the Company has reported a profit for three of the last four years, there can be no assurance that the Company will be profitable over the long or short term.
From the third quarter of fiscal 1994 through the end of 1998, the Company reported quarterly comparable store sales declines. The Company reported positive comparable store sales in each quarter of the following two years; however, the Company's comparable store sales decreased for both fiscal years 2002 and 2001. There can be no assurance that the comparable store sales declines experienced in 2002 and 2001 will not continue or not decline further.
Expansion. The Company believes its growth depends to a significant degree on its ability to open new restaurants and to operate such restaurants profitably. The Company resumed its expansion with one new Fresh Choice restaurant opening in 2001, five opening in 2002 and, as of March 3, 2003, two restaurants opening in 2003. The Company plans to open two additional Fresh Choice restaurants in 2003. There can be no assurance that these eight new restaurants or future restaurants will be successful. The Company's ability to successfully implement an expansion strategy will depend upon a variety of factors, many of which may be beyond the Company's control, including the Company's ability to locate suitable restaurant locations, negotiate acceptable lease terms, obtain required government approvals, construct new restaurants in a timely manner, attract, train and retrain qualified and experienced personnel and management, operate its restaurants profitably and obtain additional capital to finance expansion and equipment costs, as well as general economic conditions and the degree of competition in the particular market.
The Company's expansion plans may include entering new geographic regions in which the Company has no previous operating experience. There can be no assurance that the Fresh Choice concept will be successful in regions outside of California, Texas and Washington where tastes and restaurant preferences may be different. In addition the Company expects intense competition for restaurant sites, which may result in the Company having difficulty leasing desirable sites on terms that are acceptable to the Company. The Company expects that in some cases competitors may be willing to pay more than the
12
Company for sites. These difficulties may make it difficult for the Company to achieve its store growth objectives.
Lease Renewals. As existing restaurant leases expire, the Company must negotiate new leases or lease extensions in order to continue operations at existing restaurants. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to renew these leases on favorable terms or at all. If the Company is unable to obtain favorable terms on new leases or extensions on existing leases, it would increase costs and reduce the Company's operating margins. Moreover, if the Company is unable to renew existing leases and is unable to find suitable alternate locations, the Company's revenue and operating results would be adversely affected.
Geographic Concentration. As of March 3, 2003, 41 of the Company's 55 restaurants were located in California, primarily in Northern California. Accordingly, the Company is susceptible to fluctuations in its business caused by adverse economic conditions in this region. In addition, net sales at certain of the Company's restaurants have been adversely affected when a new Company restaurant has been opened in relatively close geographic proximity. There can be no assurance that expansion within existing or future geographic markets will not adversely affect the individual financial performance of Company restaurants in such markets or the Company's overall results of operations. In addition, given the Company's present geographic concentration in Northern California, adverse weather conditions or increased utility costs in the region or negative publicity relating to an individual Company restaurant could have a more pronounced adverse effect on results of operations than if the Company's restaurants were more broadly dispersed.
Sensitivity to Economic Conditions and Consumer Spending. The restaurant industry historically has been subject to substantial cyclical variation. The California economy has slowed since the events of September 11, 2001 and there has been a downturn in the general economy and a decline in consumer spending in the restaurant industry. A continued decline could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial performance as restaurant sales tend to decline during recessionary periods. A prolonged economic downturn could alter customers' purchasing decisions, which most likely would have a material adverse impact on the Company's revenue and results of operations.
Volatility of Stock Price. The market price of the Company's Common Stock has fluctuated substantially since the initial public offering of the Common Stock in December 1992. Changes in general conditions in the economy, the financial markets or the restaurant industry, natural disasters or other developments affecting the Company or its competitors could cause the market price of the Company's Common Stock to fluctuate substantially. In addition, in recent years the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had significant effect on the market prices of securities issued by many companies, including the Company, for reasons sometimes unrelated to the operating performance of these companies. Any shortfall in the Company's net sales or earnings from levels expected by securities analysts could have an immediate and significant adverse effect on the trading price of the Company's Common Stock in any given period. Additionally, such shortfalls may not become apparent until late in the fiscal quarter, which could result in an even more immediate and significant adverse effect on the trading price of the Company's Common Stock.
Seasonality and Quarterly Fluctuations The Company's restaurants have typically experienced seasonal fluctuations, as a disproportionate amount of net sales and net income are generally realized in the second and third fiscal quarters. In addition, the Company's quarterly results of operations have been, and may continue to be, materially impacted by the timing of new restaurant openings and restaurant closings. The fourth quarter normally includes 16 weeks of operations as compared with 12 weeks for each of the three prior quarters. The fourth quarter of 2000 included 17 weeks. As a result of these factors, net sales and net income in the fourth quarter are not comparable to results in each of the first three fiscal quarters, and net sales can be expected to decline in the first quarter of each fiscal year in comparison to the fourth quarter of the prior fiscal year
13
Dependence on Key Personnel. The success of the Company depends on the efforts of key management personnel. The Company's success will depend on its ability to motivate and retain its key crewmembers and to attract qualified personnel, particularly general managers, for its restaurants. The Company faces significant competition in the recruitment of qualified crewmembers.
Restaurant Industry. The restaurant industry is affected by changes in consumer tastes, as well as national, regional and local economic conditions and demographic trends. The performance of individual restaurants, including the Company's restaurants, may be affected by factors such as traffic patterns, demographic considerations, and the type, number and location of competing restaurants. In addition, factors such as inflation, increased food, labor and crewmember benefit costs, and the availability of experienced management and hourly crewmembers may also adversely affect the restaurant industry in general and the Company's restaurants in particular. Restaurant operating costs are affected by increases in the minimum hourly wage, unemployment tax rates, and various federal, state and local governmental regulations, including those relating to the sale of food and alcoholic beverages. There can be no assurance that the restaurant industry in general, and the Company in particular, will be successful.
Competition. The Company's restaurants compete with the rapidly growing mid-price, full-service casual dining segment; with traditional limited-service buffet, soup, and salad restaurants; and, increasingly, with fast-casual and quick-service outlets. The Company's competitors include national and regional chains, as well as local owner-operated restaurants. Key competitive factors in the industry are the quality and value of the food products offered, quality and speed of service, price, dining experience, restaurant location and the ambiance of facilities. Many of the Company's competitors have been in existence longer than the Company, have a more established market presence, and have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than the Company, which may give them certain competitive advantages. The Company believes that its ability to compete effectively will continue to depend in large measure upon its ability to offer a diverse selection of high-quality, fresh food products with an attractive price/value relationship. In addition the Company expects intense competition for restaurant sites, which may result in the Company having difficulty leasing desirable sites on terms that are acceptable to the Company. The Company expects that in some cases competitors may be willing to pay more than the Company for sites.
Ability to Obtain Additional Financing. The Company resumed its restaurant expansion in 2001. The Company's ability to implement an expansion strategy will depend upon a variety of factors, including its ability to obtain funds. The Company believes its near-term capital requirements can be met through its existing cash balances, cash provided by operations, its borrowing arrangements and additional equipment lease financing. The Company may seek additional financing to provide greater flexibility. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional financing when needed on acceptable terms or at all.
Control by Major Shareholder. Crescent Real Estate Equities Limited Partnership ("Crescent") holds 1,187,906 shares of Series B non-voting convertible preferred stock, which is convertible into Series A voting convertible preferred stock at any time at the option of the holder. Upon conversion, holders of Series A preferred stock would be entitled to vote with common stockholders and would have a separate right to approve certain corporate actions, such as amending the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, effecting a merger or sale of the Company, or making a fundamental change in the Company's business activity. In addition, because the Company did not achieve a specified earnings target in 1998, the holders of Series A preferred stock would have the right to elect a majority of the Company's Board of Directors. These factors could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company and, as a result, could discourage acquisition bids for the Company and limit the price that investors are willing to pay for shares of common stock.
14
The Company currently owns both the land and buildings at two of its restaurant locations, and owns restaurant buildings on leased land at six other locations. The Company leases all of its other restaurant locations, but may purchase future restaurant locations where it believes it is cost-effective to do so. The Company's restaurants are located in regional malls, strip centers, and freestanding locations.
The Company's restaurants range from 4,800 to 9,014 square feet with inside seating for 108 to 300 guests. Many of the Company's restaurants provide limited outdoor seating.
Restaurant locations leased by the Company are typically leased under "triple net" leases that require the Company to pay real estate taxes, maintenance costs and insurance premiums and, in many cases, to pay contingent rentals based on sales in excess of specified amounts. Generally, the leases have initial terms of ten to twenty years, with options to renew for additional periods, which range from five to fifteen years. Of the Company's current leases all, except four, have remaining terms or renewal options extending more than five years following the date of this report. Of these four, two expire in 2004, one in 2006 and one in 2007. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to extend these four leases on favorable terms or at all. To the extent the Company is unable to extend these leases, or secure alternative locations on favorable terms, the Company's operating results would be adversely impacted.
The Company currently leases a separate facility for its executive headquarters pursuant to a lease that expires July 31, 2010. The Company believes that such facility is adequate for its office space requirements through fiscal 2003. If additional space is required in the future, the Company further believes that suitable facilities can be leased on commercially reasonable terms.
From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company is not engaged in any legal proceedings that are expected by the Company's management, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
None.
15
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
Stock Information. Fresh Choice, Inc.'s common stock trades on The Nasdaq Stock Market® under the Symbol: SALD. On March 3, 2003, 5,964,068 shares were owned by 317 stockholders of record. The following are the Company's common stock high and low closing sales prices for the fiscal years 2001 and 2002:
| 2001 |
High |
Low |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Quarter | $ | 4.125 | $ | 1.813 | ||
| Second Quarter | 3.150 | 2.150 | ||||
| Third Quarter | 3.100 | 2.360 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | 3.030 | 1.900 | ||||
| 2002 |
High |
Low |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Quarter | $ | 3.000 | $ | 2.180 | ||
| Second Quarter | 2.700 | 2.250 | ||||
| Third Quarter | 2.501 | 1.870 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | 2.090 | 1.550 | ||||
Fresh Choice, Inc. had its initial public offering on December 9, 1992 at a price of $13.00. Fresh Choice, Inc. had a follow-on public offering on July 15, 1993 at a price of $25.00.
The Company has not paid cash dividends on its common stock, and presently intends to continue this policy in order to retain its earnings for the development of the Company's business. In addition, the Company's current loan and security agreement prohibits the payment of dividends.
On September 13, 1996, the Company sold to Crescent Real Estate Equities Ltd. ("Crescent") 1,187,906 shares of Series B Non-Voting Convertible Participating Preferred Stock ("Series B Preferred Stock"), and granted Crescent an option to purchase 593,953 shares of Series C Non-Voting Convertible Participating Preferred Stock, which expired in 1999, ("Series C Preferred Stock") (collectively, the "Stock") for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $5.5 million, or $4.63 per share of Series B Preferred Stock pursuant to a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated April 26, 1996. The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into Series A Voting Convertible Participating Preferred Stock ("Series A Preferred Stock") at any time at the option of the holder, and the Series A and Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into Common Stock at any time at the option of the holder. The Company offered and sold the Stock to Crescent, a sophisticated investor who purchased such shares for investment purposes, as transactions not involving a public offering pursuant to the exemption from registration provisions of Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
16
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
A five-year summary of selected financial data follows:
| |
December 29, 2002 |
December 30, 2001 |
December 31, 2000 |
December 26, 1999 |
December 27, 1998 |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) |
||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 74,951 | $ | 74,152 | $ | 76,781 | $ | 72,928 | $ | 72,656 | |||||||
| Operating income (loss) (1) | (1,331 | ) | 1,666 | 2,238 | 818 | (6,116 | ) | ||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations | (1,534 | ) | 1,397 | 1,916 | 324 | (6,360 | ) | ||||||||||
| Basic income (loss) per share from continuing operations | (0.26 | ) | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.06 | (1.12 | ) | ||||||||||
| Diluted income (loss) per share from continuing operations | (0.26 | ) | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.05 | (1.12 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | (1,719 | ) | 1,125 | 1,675 | 185 | (6,443 | ) | ||||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per share | (0.29 | ) | 0.19 | 0.29 | 0.03 | (1.13 | ) | ||||||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per share | (0.29 | ) | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.03 | (1.13 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total assets | 36,329 | 34,915 | 32,159 | 31,857 | 33,205 | ||||||||||||
| Working capital (deficiency) | (4,104 | ) | (607 | ) | (2,908 | ) | (3,822 | ) | (7,201 | ) | |||||||
| Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, including current portion | 4,916 | 3,224 | 2,405 | 3,242 | 1,647 | ||||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | $ | 21,632 | $ | 23,259 | $ | 22,001 | $ | 20,212 | $ | 19,946 | |||||||
| Number of restaurants open at end of year: | |||||||||||||||||
| Fresh Choice and Zoopa | 49 | 47 | 46 | 49 | 51 | ||||||||||||
| Fresh Choice Express | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | | ||||||||||||
Net sales, operating income (loss), income (loss) and income (loss) per share from continuing operations presented for all years in the above table excludes the one restaurant closed in the fourth quarter that is included in discontinued operations pursuant to the Company's adoption, in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets".
Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
Certain statements set forth in this discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations including anticipated store openings, planned capital expenditures and trends in or expectations regarding the Company's operations constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are based on currently available operating, financial and competitive information and are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Actual future results and trends may differ materially depending on a variety of factors as set forth under the heading "Business Risks". In particular, the Company's plans to open new restaurants could be affected by the Company's ability to locate suitable restaurant sites, negotiate acceptable lease terms, construct new
17
restaurants in a timely manner, operate its restaurants profitably and obtain additional financing, as well as general economic conditions.
In addition, the terrorist threats and the possible responses by the U.S. government, the effects on consumer demand, the financial markets, food supply and distribution and other conditions increase the uncertainty inherent in forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect the expectations of the Company at the time they are made, and investors should rely on them only as expressions of opinion about what may happen in the future and only at the time they are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement. Although the Company believes it has an appropriate business strategy and the resources necessary for its operations, future revenue and margin trends cannot be reliably predicted and the Company may alter its business strategies to address changing conditions.
GENERAL
Fresh Choice, Inc. operates limited-service restaurants offering high quality, freshly made specialty and traditional salads, hot pasta, pizza, hot baked potatoes, soups, fresh breads and muffins, frozen low-fat soft serve and other desserts. The Company operated 53 restaurants at December 29, 2002, 51 restaurants at December 30, 2001 and 48 restaurants at December 31, 2000. The Company's fiscal year ends on the last Sunday in December. Fiscal years 2002 and 2001 each contained 52 weeks while fiscal year 2000 contained 53 weeks.
After opening its first restaurant in 1986, Fresh Choice expanded steadily, its early growth driven by the strong unit economics of its restaurants. The Company operated 22 restaurants at the time of its initial public offering in December 1992. With $12.7 million in net proceeds from its initial offering and an additional $19.6 million in net proceeds from a secondary offering in July 1993, the Company accelerated its growth, opening 14 new restaurants in 1993 (including its first two restaurants outside of California), 15 new restaurants in 1994 (including seven restaurants outside of California), seven restaurants in 1995 (of which two are located outside of California) and one restaurant in 1996. The Company opened a number of locations which did not reach anticipated sales levels and opened a greater percentage of restaurants in freestanding buildings. The increase in freestanding units and other refinements and the expansion of the Company's restaurant configuration and decor resulted in an increase in the Company's initial cash investment in new units. At the same time, the Company experienced unanticipated declines in sales at its restaurants, resulting in part from increased competition in the casual/family dining sector and greater than expected cannibalization of its existing restaurants. The Company's profitability began to decline in the second half of 1994, and the Company reported its first operating loss in the fourth quarter of 1994. The Company reported additional operating losses for each quarter of 1995. In 1995, after an analysis of the sales potential and operating economics of every Fresh Choice restaurant, the Company finalized and announced a restructuring plan to help restore profitability. The plan included closing as many as ten of the Company's restaurants, of which seven restaurants were included in a reserve for closures, and a partial write-down of assets to estimated fair value for thirteen other restaurants. The Company recorded a $23.9 million restructuring charge in 1995 in connection with the plan. At year-end 1995, the Company closed three restaurants.
The Company continued to incur an operating loss for 1996. As of year end 1996, the Company had closed or sold eleven restaurants, including the sale of two restaurants and the closure of a third restaurant in the Washington, D.C. market.
During 1997, the Company successfully introduced a number of cost control programs, which resulted in the Company reporting a net income of $333,000 in 1997. The Company closed no additional restaurants in 1997 but identified one restaurant for closure at the end of its lease term in 1998. The restaurant closed in 1998 with no material financial impact.
In the fourth quarter of 1998, the Company announced a plan, which provided for the closure of four previously impaired restaurants, the closure of two additional restaurants at the end of their lease terms in
18
1999, and a write-down of restaurant assets to fair market value for two other restaurants. The Company recorded a $3.7 million store closure and asset impairment charge in connection with the plan which was implemented in response to the continued poor operating performance of the four previously-impaired restaurants, the cannibalization of sales resulting from over-building in the Company's core Northern California market and lower-than-anticipated sales at certain new restaurants. The Company closed three of these restaurants in 1998 and another one at the beginning of 2000. After significant improvement in operating performance at the two remaining locations, management reversed its decision to not renew the lease on one location and in 2000 reversed its decision to close the other restaurant.
During 1999, the Company reported four consecutive quarters of comparable store sales growth. This sales growth, along with the continued management of costs, resulted in the Company reporting a net income of $185,000 in 1999. The Company closed two restaurants in 1999. In accordance with the Company's strategy to dispose of under-performing restaurants, the Company closed a previously impaired restaurant in the third quarter of 1999 and recorded a store closure and asset impairment charge of $443,000, primarily for the estimated lease settlement and other closure costs. In accordance with the Company's continuing strategy to close restaurants that compete with other Fresh Choice restaurants, the Company sold the property and equipment of another restaurant, received cash proceeds of $692,000 and recorded a gain of $452,000. In addition, during the fourth quarter, the Company wrote down the assets of another restaurant whose lease expired in 2000, recording a non-cash charge of $172,000 which was offset by the reversal of $157,000 of excess accruals resulting from the settlement of the 1998 restaurant closures for less than previously estimated costs.
During 2000, the Company again reported four consecutive quarters of comparable store sales growth. This sales growth, along with the continued management of costs, resulted in the Company reporting net income of $1.7 million in 2000. The Company closed three restaurants in 2000. The Company closed one restaurant in accordance with the plan announced in 1998 at the beginning of 2000. During the second quarter of 2000, the Company reversed its decision to close the remaining restaurant identified for closure in 1998 based upon continued improved performance and accordingly reversed the reserve provided for the restaurant. The Company also made the decision to close its last remaining restaurant in Houston due to continued poor performance. In addition, the Company recorded an asset impairment expense of $171,000 for one under-performing restaurant, which is included in loss from discontinued operations. The Company also recorded a lease termination charge of $332,000 for the buyout and termination of the lease on a former Fresh Choice restaurant in the Washington D.C. market that the Company sold in 1996.
During 2001, the Company's comparable store sales turned negative in the third and fourth quarters after ten consecutive quarters of comparable store sales growth. The Company believes the negative comparable store sales were the result of a weakening economy and lower consumer confidence following the September 11, 2001 tragedy. Despite the softening sales, the Company continued its management of costs and reported net income of $1.1 million in 2001. The Company resumed the expansion of the Fresh Choice concept, opening one new Fresh Choice restaurant in 2001. The Company also recorded a store closure and asset impairment charge of $181,000 ($106,000 of which is included in loss from discontinued operations) for the planned closure of two restaurants whose leases expire in 2002 and the planned conversion of one Fresh Choice Express to a licensed Starbucks retail store.
During 2002, the Company reported four consecutive quarters of comparable store sales declines. The Company believes the negative comparable store sales were primarily the result of the continued weak economic environment in the Company's core markets. The Company continued its management of costs, but this was not sufficient to offset the continued declining sales, and reported a net loss of $1.7 million in 2002. The Company continued the expansion of the Fresh Choice concept, opening five new Fresh Choice restaurants in 2002 and, as of March 3, 2003, opening two restaurants in 2003. The Company plans to open two additional Fresh Choice restaurants in 2003. In addition, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.8 million for the write-down of assets to fair value for four restaurants. The impairment charge for these restaurants was determined based on the expected cash flows over the
19
remaining lease terms, as compared to the net book value of the restaurant assets. The Company does not intend to close any of these four restaurants in 2003.
In August 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets." SFAS No. 144 which was adopted by the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, replaces SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of" and the accounting and reporting provisions of APB Opinion No. 30, "Reporting the Results of OperationsReporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions," for the disposal of a segment of a business as defined in that opinion. The Company closed three restaurants in 2002 whose lease terms expired. As a result of the adoption of SFAS No.144, the Company has classified revenues and expenses of one of these closed restaurants as discontinued operations for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The revenue and expenses of the other two restaurants closed in 2002 are classified as continuing operations as the restaurants have been or will be replaced and therefore the operations are not considered discontinued under the provisions of SFAS No. 144.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 of the Company's audited December 29, 2002 financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates and for the periods presented. Management believes the following accounting policies, among others, represent its more critical or complex estimates and assumptions used in preparation of its consolidated financial statements.
The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an on-going basis and believes its estimates and assumptions are reasonable based on historical experience and other factors. However, actual results could differ from those estimates and these differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies management has identified as critical or complex accounting policies are described below.
Income taxes. The Company's net deferred tax assets consist primarily of the tax benefit related to operating loss carryforwards, alternative minimum tax credits and asset write-downs, in connection with store closure reserves, that are not deductible for tax purposes until the assets are disposed. The Company has provided valuation allowances against its deferred net tax assets based on management's most recent assessment that it is not deemed more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. If future assessments by management were to determine that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in excess of their net recorded amounts, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets could result in an increase in net income in the period such determination was made.
Long-lived assets impairment. The Company reviews its long-lived assets related to each restaurant annually for impairment, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a restaurant may not be recoverable. The Company considers a history of operating losses to be its primary indicator of potential impairment, therefore new restaurants are generally not identified for impairment until a sufficient operating history has been developed. Assets are grouped and evaluated for impairment at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows, the individual restaurants. Based on the best information available, the Company writes down an impaired restaurant to its estimated fair market value, which becomes its new cost basis. The Company generally measures estimated fair value by a forecast of undiscounted future operating cash flows directly related to the restaurant. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate projected future operating cash flows. Accordingly, if actual results vary from such estimates, significant future impairment could result.
20
Discontinued Operations. Considerable management judgment is necessary to determine whether a closed restaurant should be classified as discontinued operations. In general, the Company considers the extent to which the restaurant's operations and cash flow are expected to be absorbed by other currently operated restaurants or replaced with a new restaurant in making this determination. A closed restaurant, or group of restaurants, which is located in an isolated market and not replaced, would generally be classified as discontinued operations.
Property and equipment. Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets which range from 5 to 30 years or the lease term of a restaurant including option periods, as appropriate, not to exceed 25 years.
Stock-based compensation. The Company accounts for stock-based awards to employees using the intrinsic value method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." Accordingly, no compensation expense has been recognized in the financial statements for employee stock arrangements. The Company accounts for stock-based awards to non employees in accordance with SFAS No. 123 "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" and Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 96-18, "Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services".
Workers' Compensation Claims Accrual. The Company records estimates for workers' compensation claims under its workers' compensation program. Estimated reserves are based on available historical claim settlement data for reported claims. If a greater number of claims occur in comparison to the amount of claims estimated or medical costs increase beyond anticipated costs, additional charges may be required in the period such determination was made
21
The following table presents the components of average restaurant operating income on a per restaurant basis, for the comparable Fresh Choice and Zoopa restaurants open during each year (the Company's Fresh Choice Express restaurants are excluded):
| |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
||||||||||||||||||