UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2002 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Transition Period From to |
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EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
36-4316614 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
One Edwards Way, Irvine, California 92614
(Address of principal executive offices) (ZIP Code)
(949) 250-2500
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock Purchase Rights (currently traded with common stock) |
Name of each exchange on which registered: New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý
Indicate by check whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2) Yes ý No o
The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 28, 2002 (the last trading day of the fiscal quarter): $1,380,185,562 based on a closing price of $23.20 of the registrant's common stock on the New York Stock Exchange. This calculation does not reflect a determination that persons are affiliates for any other purpose.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, $1.00 par value, as of February 28, 2003 was 60,225,224.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the registrant's proxy statement for the 2003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (to be filed on or before April 30, 2003) are incorporated by reference into Part III, as indicated herein.
EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORPORATION
Form 10-K Annual Report2002
Table of Contents
| PART I | |||||
| Item 1. | Business | 1 | |||
| Item 2. | Properties | 16 | |||
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 16 | |||
| Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 17 | |||
PART II |
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| Item 5. | Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters | 18 | |||
| Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 19 | |||
| Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20 | |||
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 35 | |||
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 37 | |||
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 79 | |||
PART III |
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| Item 10. | Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant | 80 | |||
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 80 | |||
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management | 80 | |||
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | 80 | |||
| Item 14. | Controls and Procedures | 80 | |||
PART IV |
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| Item 15. | Financial Statements and Schedule, Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K | 81 | |||
| Signatures | 85 | ||||
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These statements include, among other things, statements concerning our future operations, financial condition and prospects, and business strategies. The words "may," "believe," "will," "expect," "project," "estimate," "anticipate," "plan," "continue" and other similar expressions generally identify forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause our future business, financial condition, results of operations, or performance to differ materially from our historical results or those expressed in any forward-looking statements contained in this report. Investors should carefully review the information contained under the caption "Certain Business Risks" beginning on page 11, and elsewhere in, or incorporated by reference into, this report.
Overview
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation is a global leader in products and technologies designed to treat advanced cardiovascular disease. Edwards Lifesciences focuses on providing products and technologies to address four main cardiovascular disease states:
Cardiovascular disease is the number-one cause of death in the world, and is among the top three diseases in terms of health care spending in nearly every country. Cardiovascular disease is both progressive and pervasive; progressive, in that it tends to worsen over time, and pervasive because it often affects an individual's entire circulatory system. In its later stages, cardiovascular disease is frequently treated with surgery, including coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures and heart valve replacement or repair procedures.
The products and technologies provided by Edwards Lifesciences to treat cardiovascular disease are categorized into five main areas:
Patients undergoing surgical treatment for cardiovascular disease are likely to encounter a variety of Edwards Lifesciences' products and technologies. For example, an individual with a heart valve disorder may have a faulty valve re-shaped and repaired with an Edwards Lifesciences annuloplasty ring, or the surgeon may elect to remove the valve altogether and replace it with one of Edwards Lifesciences' bioprosthetic tissue heart valves, which can be made of bovine or porcine tissue. If a patient undergoes other types of open-heart surgery, such as a CABG procedure, the functions of their heart and lungs may be managed through the use of disposable products and equipment offered outside the United States and Western Europe by Edwards Lifesciences' perfusion product line. If the circulatory problems are in the limbs rather than in the heart, the patient's procedure may involve some of Edwards Lifesciences' vascular products, which include various types of balloon-tipped
catheters that are used to remove blood clots. Virtually all high-risk patients in the operating room or cardiac care unit are candidates for having their cardiac function monitored by Edwards Lifesciences' critical care products. Lastly, Edwards Lifesciences' other distributed products include sales of intra-aortic balloon pumps, pacemakers, angioplasty systems and other products sold through the Company's distribution network in Japan, and miscellaneous pharmaceutical products sold in the United States.
Corporate Background
Edwards Lifesciences Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on September 10, 1999 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Baxter International Inc. ("Baxter") to assume the business and operations of Baxter's CardioVascular Group. Effective March 31, 2000, the business, assets and liabilities of Baxter's CardioVascular Group were transferred to Edwards Lifesciences and its subsidiaries and 100% of the common stock of Edwards Lifesciences was distributed to the stockholders of Baxter in a tax-free spin-off (the "Distribution"). Since that time, Edwards Lifesciences has operated as an independent company. Unless the context indicates otherwise, references to the "Company" and "Edwards Lifesciences" refer to Baxter's CardioVascular Group for periods prior to April 1, 2000 and to Edwards Lifesciences Corporation and its subsidiaries for the periods on or after such date.
Edwards Lifesciences' principal executive offices are located at One Edwards Way, Irvine, California 92614. The telephone number at that address is (949) 250-2500. The Company makes available, free of charge on its web site located at www.edwards.com, its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports of Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such reports with the SEC.
Edwards Lifesciences' Product and Technology Offerings
The following discussion summarizes the five main categories of products and technologies offered by Edwards Lifesciences to treat advanced cardiovascular disease. For more information on net sales from these five main categories, see "Net Sales by Product Line" under Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Cardiac Surgery
Heart Valve Therapy. Edwards Lifesciences' heart valve and valve repair products are used to replace or repair a patient's diseased or defective heart valve. Edwards Lifesciences is the world's leading manufacturer of tissue heart valves and repair products. Edwards Lifesciences operates manufacturing facilities in Irvine, California, and Horw, Switzerland, producing pericardial and porcine valves from biologically inert animal tissue sewn onto proprietary wireform stents.
The core of Edwards Lifesciences' tissue product line is the Carpentier-Edwards PERIMOUNT pericardial valve, including PERIMOUNT Magna, the newest generation pericardial valve recently launched in Europe. The PERIMOUNT valve is the most widely prescribed tissue heart valve in the world due to its proven durability and performance, and is the only pericardial valve available in the United States. Edwards Lifesciences' Carpentier-Edwards porcine valves, Edwards Prima Plus stentless tissue valve, Edwards MIRA bi-leaflet mechanical valve and the Starr-Edwards silastic ball valve complement its line of heart tissue valves.
In addition to its replacement valves, Edwards Lifesciences is the worldwide leader in heart valve repair therapies with products including its Carpentier-Edwards annuloplasty rings, Cosgrove-Edwards annuloplasty system and Edwards MC3 Tricuspid annuloplasty system.
Cannula. The Company is a leading manufacturer of cannula products used during cardiac surgery including cannula to facilitate vacuum-assisted venous drainage during perfusion, and aortic dispersion cannula. Edwards Lifesciences also has a number of products to facilitate coronary artery
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bypass surgery when performed on a beating heart, including the AnastaFlo coronary shunt used to redirect blood away from the suturing site and the VisuFlo humidifying blower to keep the surgical site dry and optimize the surgeon's visual field during a cardiothoracic surgical procedure.
Angina Therapy. Edwards Lifesciences' distributes carbon-dioxide lasers and related disposables for use in transmyocardial revascularization, a procedure for treating severe angina. These products are manufactured by PLC Medical Systems Inc. and Edwards Lifesciences is responsible for all sales, marketing and distribution of these products in the United States.
Cardiac Tissue Ablation. The Company's cardiac surgery products also include the Optimaze surgical ablation system, a photonic laser system for cardiac tissue ablation. This system is expected to be available for commercial sale in the United States in the third quarter of 2003 and in Europe by the end of 2003.
Critical Care
Edwards Lifesciences is a world leader in hemodynamic monitoring systems that are used to measure a patient's heart function in surgical and intensive care settings. Hemodynamic monitoring enables a clinician to balance the oxygen supply and demand of a critically ill patient and plays an important role in assuring that the heart function of millions of patients who have pre-existing cardiovascular conditions or other critical illnesses is optimized before they undergo a surgical procedure.
Edwards Lifesciences' hemodynamic monitoring technologies are often deployed before, during and after open heart, major vascular, major abdominal, neurological and orthopedic surgical procedures. Edwards Lifesciences manufactures and markets the Swan-Ganz brand line of hemodynamic monitoring products, originally launched in the 1970s. The latest evolution in the Swan-Ganz product line is the CCOmbo V catheter. The CCOmbo V catheter adds a proprietary continuous volume measurement to the series of continuous parameters already integrated into the device, most notably cardiac output and venous oxygen saturation. Edwards Lifesciences most recent addition to its hemodynamic monitoring product line is the PreSep central venous oximetry catheter.
Edwards Lifesciences is also a global leader in the broader field of disposable pressure monitoring devices and has a line of innovative products enabling closed-loop arterial blood sampling to protect both patients and clinicians from the risk of infection. Central venous catheters are the primary route for fluid and medication delivery to patients undergoing major surgical procedures and/or intensive care. The Company's Advanced Venous Access products, marketed under the AVA HF and AVA 3Xi brand names, provide increased convenience, effectiveness and efficiency by integrating the capabilities of an introducer and multi-lumen central venous access into a single device. Edwards Lifesciences' Vantex central venous catheter, which is manufactured from a patented, antimicrobial material, addresses the potentially life-threatening and costly problems of bloodstream infections.
The Company also markets a range of products required to perform hemofiltration, including access catheters, filters and solutions.
Vascular
The pervasive nature of cardiovascular disease means that the circulatory conditions that occur inside the heart are often mirrored elsewhere in a patient's body. Atherosclerotic disease is one common circulatory condition, which involves the thickening of blood-carrying vessels and the formation of circulation-restricting plaque, clots and other substances, and often occurs concurrently in the vascular system as well as in the heart. When the abdomen, arms or legs are impacted, the diagnosis is usually peripheral vascular disease ("PVD"), which occurs in millions of patients worldwide.
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Edwards Lifesciences manufactures and sells a variety of products used to treat occlusive PVD, including a line of balloon-tipped, catheter-based products, as well as surgical clips and inserts, angioscopy equipment and artificial implantable grafts. Edwards Lifesciences' Fogarty line of embolectomy catheters has been an industry standard for removing blood clots from peripheral blood vessels for more than 40 years.
A significant area of interest and investment for Edwards Lifesciences has been the development of endovascular grafts. Edwards Lifesciences has developed the Lifepath AAA endovascular graft system to less invasively treat potentially life-threatening abdominal aortic aneurysms. An aneurysm can form in the aorta, the body's main circulatory channel, when a portion of the aortic wall becomes weakened and bulges outward. Often, the aneurysm grows until it poses a life threatening risk of rupturing. The Lifepath AAA system treats abdominal aortic aneurysms by introducing an implantable graft that relines the wall of the aorta in the damaged area. By utilizing an endovascular approach, accessing and repairing the aneurysm from within the aorta, rather than making a major incision that exposes most of the body's internal organs, this procedure is less traumatic and less invasive than standard aortic repair surgery. The Lifepath AAA system is available for commercial sale in Europe and is undergoing clinical trials in the United States. The Company expects the Lifepath AAA system will be available for commercial sale in the United States in late 2004.
In November 2001, Edwards Lifesciences announced an exclusive licensing agreement with Orbus Medical Technologies, Inc. to develop balloon- and self-expanding peripheral stents. Stents are small tubular structures used to prop open the diseased blood vessels of patients suffering from atherosclerotic vascular disease. To accelerate this initiative, the Company has partnered with Syntheon LLC to provide near-term engineering services and limited manufacturing support. Edwards Lifesciences expects to have a broad peripheral stent product offering ready for global release in mid-2003.
Perfusion
Edwards Lifesciences develops, manufactures and distributes a line of disposable perfusion products for customers in regions outside of the United States and Western Europe. These products include the Edwards Vital oxygenator and various blood containers, filters and related devices used during the practice of bypassing the heart and lungs during open-heart surgical procedures. Edwards Lifesciences operates an oxygenator manufacturing facility in Brazil.
Edwards Lifesciences also maintains a small perfusion services operation in Europe.
Other Distributed Products
Other distributed products include sales of intra-aortic balloon pumps, pacemakers, angioplasty systems and other products sold though the Company's distribution network in Japan, and miscellaneous pharmaceutical products sold in the United States.
Competition
The medical devices industry is highly competitive. Edwards Lifesciences competes with many companies, ranging from small start-up enterprises to companies that are larger and more established than Edwards Lifesciences with access to significant financial resources. Furthermore, rapid product development and technological change characterize the market in which Edwards Lifesciences competes. The present or future products of Edwards Lifesciences could be rendered obsolete or uneconomical by technological advances by one or more of Edwards Lifesciences' present or future competitors or by other therapies, including drug therapies. Edwards Lifesciences must continue to develop and acquire new products and technologies to remain competitive in the cardiovascular medical devices industry. Edwards Lifesciences believes that it competes primarily on the basis of product
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reliability and performance, product features that enhance patient benefit, customer and sales support, and cost-effectiveness.
The cardiovascular segment of the medical device industry is dynamic and currently undergoing significant change due to cost-of-care considerations, regulatory reform, industry and customer consolidation and evolving patient needs. The ability to provide cost-effective products and technologies that improve clinical outcomes is becoming increasingly important for medical device manufacturers.
Edwards Lifesciences' products and technologies face substantial competition from a number of companies. In cardiac surgery, the primary competitors include St. Jude Medical, Inc., Medtronic, Inc. and SNIA S.p.A. In critical care, Edwards Lifesciences' principal competitors include Abbott Laboratories and Arrow International, Inc. In vascular, Edwards Lifesciences' primary competitors for the traditional surgical segments of its business include W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. and Applied Medical Resources Corporation. For the Lifepath AAA system and the emerging peripheral vascular disease products, Edwards Lifesciences' competitors are, or are expected to be, Medtronic, Inc., Guidant Corporation, Johnson & Johnson and Boston Scientific Corporation. In perfusion, Edwards Lifesciences competes with SNIA S.p.A., Medtronic, Inc. and Jostra AG.
Sales and Marketing
Edwards Lifesciences has a number of broad product lines that require a sales and marketing strategy tailored to its customers in order to deliver high-quality, cost-effective products and technologies to all of its customers worldwide. Edwards Lifesciences' portfolio includes some of the most recognizable product brands in cardiovascular devices today, including Carpentier-Edwards, Cosgrove-Edwards, Duraflo, Fogarty, Research Medical, Starr-Edwards and Swan-Ganz.
Because of the diverse global needs of the population that Edwards Lifesciences serves, Edwards Lifesciences' distribution system includes a direct sales force and independent distributors. During the year ended December 31, 2002, approximately 8% of Edwards Lifesciences' net sales were from sales to Baxter, the majority of which resulted from sales to Baxter in Japan. In addition, Baxter served as a distributor of Edwards Lifesciences' products or provided distribution services in various other countries outside the United States. As of December 31, 2002, substantially all of these service agreements and relationships had been terminated. The distribution agreement with Baxter for sales in Japan was terminated when Edwards Lifesciences acquired the Japan business effective October 1, 2002. (See "Japan Joint Venture" in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.) Edwards Lifesciences is not dependent on any single customer and no single customer accounted for more than 10% of Edwards Lifesciences' net sales in 2002.
Sales personnel work closely with the primary decision makers who purchase Edwards Lifesciences' products, which include physicians, material managers, nurses, biomedical staff, hospital administrators and purchasing managers. Also, where appropriate, Edwards Lifesciences' sales force actively pursues approval of Edwards Lifesciences as a qualified supplier for hospital group purchasing organizations that negotiate contracts with suppliers of medical products. Edwards Lifesciences has contracts with a number of domestic national buying groups and is working with a growing number of regional buying groups that are emerging in response to cost containment pressures and health care reform in the United States.
United States. In the United States, Edwards Lifesciences sells substantially all of its products through its direct sales force. Substantially all of its direct sales force consists of employees of Edwards Lifesciences. In 2002, 54.4% of Edwards Lifesciences' reported sales were derived from sales to customers in the United States. Adjusting for the impact of the Company's acquisition of the cardiovascular business in Japan, foreign exchange and changes in distribution arrangements, 47.8% of Edwards Lifesciences' sales were derived from the United States.
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International. In 2002, 45.6% of Edwards Lifesciences' reported sales were derived internationally through its direct sales force and independent distributors. Adjusting for the impact of the Company's acquisition of the cardiovascular business in Japan, foreign exchange and changes in distribution arrangements, 52.2% of Edwards Lifesciences' sales were derived from international sales. Edwards Lifesciences sells its products in approximately 100 countries. Major international markets for Edwards Lifesciences' products are: Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Brazil, Canada, Belgium, Spain and The Netherlands. The sales and marketing approach in international geographies varies depending on each country's size and state of development. See Note 16 to the "Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein for additional information.
Raw Materials and Manufacturing
Edwards Lifesciences uses a diverse and broad range of raw and organic materials in the design, development and manufacture of its products. Edwards Lifesciences' non-implantable products are manufactured from man-made raw materials including resins, chemicals, electronics and metal. Most of Edwards Lifesciences' heart valve therapy products are manufactured from natural tissues harvested from animal tissue, as well as man-made materials. Edwards Lifesciences purchases certain materials and components used in manufacturing its products from external suppliers. In addition, Edwards Lifesciences purchases certain supplies from single sources for reasons of quality assurance, sole source availability, cost effectiveness or constraints resulting from regulatory requirements.
Edwards Lifesciences works closely with its suppliers to assure continuity of supply while maintaining high quality and reliability. Alternative supplier options are generally considered and identified, although Edwards Lifesciences does not typically pursue regulatory qualification of alternative sources due to the strength of its existing supplier relationships and the time and expense associated with the regulatory validation process. Although a change in suppliers could require significant effort or investment by Edwards Lifesciences in circumstances where the items supplied are integral to the performance of Edwards Lifesciences' products or incorporate unique technology, management does not believe that the loss of any existing supply contract would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Edwards Lifesciences follows rigorous sourcing and manufacturing procedures intended to safeguard humans from potential risks associated with diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("BSE"), commonly known as "mad cow disease." Health and regulatory authorities have given guidance identifying three factors contributing to the control of BSE: source of animals, nature of tissue used and manufacturing process. The Company complies with all current global guidelines regarding risks for products intended to be implanted in humans. The Company obtains bovine tissue used in its pericardial tissue valve products only from sources within the United States, where strong control measures and surveillance programs exist and where no BSE cases have been reported. In addition, bovine tissue used in the Company's pericardial tissue valve products are from tissue types considered by global health and regulatory organizations to have shown no risk of infectibility. The Company's manufacturing and sterilization processes render tissue biologically safe from all known infectious agents and viruses, and exceed the worldwide standard for sterile medical products.
In 1998, Congress enacted the Biomaterials Access Assurance Act to help ensure a continued supply of raw materials and component parts essential to the manufacture of medical devices by allowing for rapid dismissal of claims against suppliers in some product liability lawsuits if certain facts and circumstances exist. This law has not yet had a material impact, and it is not possible to assess the long-term impact it will have, on the continued availability of raw materials. The inability to develop satisfactory alternatives, if required, or a reduction or interruption in supply or a significant increase in the price of materials or components could have a material adverse effect on Edwards Lifesciences' business.
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Quality Assurance
Edwards Lifesciences is committed to providing quality products to its customers. To meet this commitment, Edwards Lifesciences has implemented modern quality systems and concepts throughout the organization. The quality system starts with the initial product specification and continues through the design of the product, component specification processes and the manufacturing, sales and servicing of the product. The quality system is designed to build in quality and to utilize continuous improvement concepts throughout the product lifecycle.
Edwards Lifesciences' operations are certified under applicable international quality systems standards, such as ISO 9001, ISO 9002 and ISO 13485. These standards require, among other items, quality system controls that are applied to product design, component material, suppliers and manufacturing operations. These ISO certifications can be obtained only after a complete audit of a company's quality system has been conducted by an independent outside auditor. Periodic reexamination by an independent outside auditor is required to maintain these certifications.
Research and Development
Edwards Lifesciences is engaged in ongoing research and development to deliver clinically advanced new products, to enhance the effectiveness, ease of use, safety and reliability of its current leading products and to expand the applications of its products as appropriate. Edwards Lifesciences is dedicated to developing novel technologies that will furnish health care providers with a more complete line of products to treat heart valve disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and congestive heart failure.
The Company spent $65.2 million on research and development in 2002, $55.0 million in 2001 and $54.4 million in 2000 (9.3%, 7.9% and 6.8% of net sales, respectively). A majority of Edwards Lifesciences' research and development investment has been applied to extend and defend its core cardiac surgery, critical care and vascular franchises, including research and development relating to next-generation pericardial tissue valves and enhanced tissue processing technologies. Additionally, the Company is investing in activities designed to create new growth platforms including endovascular graft systems, peripheral stents, endovascular heart valve repair and replacement, tissue engineered heart valves, laser-based photonic ablation to treat cardiac arrhythmia, and angiogenesis gene therapy treatment for coronary artery and peripheral vascular diseases.
Edwards Lifesciences' research and development activities are carried out primarily in facilities located in the United States. The Company's experienced research and development staff is focused on product design and development, quality, clinical research and regulatory compliance. To pursue primary research efforts, Edwards Lifesciences has developed alliances with several leading research institutions and universities, and also works with leading clinicians around the world in conducting scientific studies on Edwards Lifesciences' existing and developing products. These studies include clinical trials, which provide data for use in regulatory submissions and post-market approval studies involving applications of Edwards Lifesciences' products.
Proprietary Technology
Patents and other proprietary rights are important to the success of Edwards Lifesciences' business. Edwards Lifesciences also relies upon trade secrets, know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain its competitive position. All employees and consultants who have access to confidential and proprietary information, or who are employed to perform duties or services that are likely to result in inventions, are required to sign either the Company's standard employment agreement or the Company's standard consulting agreement. All third parties who are given access to confidential and proprietary information are required to sign the Company's standard outgoing confidentiality agreement. Edwards Lifesciences also reviews third-party
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patents and patent applications in an effort to develop an effective patent strategy, identify licensing opportunities and monitor the patent claims of others.
Edwards Lifesciences owns approximately 320 issued United States patents, 130 pending United States patent applications, 575 issued foreign patents and 445 pending foreign patent applications, and has licensed numerous United States patents and patent applications that relate to aspects of the technology incorporated in many of Edwards Lifesciences' products. This proprietary protection often affords Edwards Lifesciences the opportunity to enhance its position in the marketplace by precluding its competitors from using or otherwise exploiting Edwards Lifesciences' technology.
Most of Edwards Lifesciences' products are protected in some way by issued patents and/or pending patent applications. Although the original Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve patent expired in 2002 in most countries, Edwards Lifesciences has several other key patents and pending patent applications in the United States, Europe, Australia, Japan and Canada on improvements to the pericardial valve that enhance and extend the original patent coverage. Because of these design improvements, management does not expect the expiration of the original pericardial patent to have a significant effect on its business. Edwards Lifesciences also has many important United States and foreign patents and pending patent applications related to mitral valve repair and, in particular, patent coverage on the Cosgrove-Edwards annuloplasty system and the Carpentier-Edwards Physio annuloplasty ring. The Lifepath AAA system for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is an important technology that is protected by at least 17 issued United States patents and numerous issued patents and foreign patent applications pending in Europe, Canada, Japan and Australia. Edwards Lifesciences also has a number of key United States and foreign patents and patent applications that cover catheters, systems and methods for measuring and monitoring continuous cardiac output ("CCO") and vascular access products, including combinations of introducers and central venous catheters. Many of the CCO and vascular access patents were issued only recently and are expected to protect Edwards Lifesciences' intellectual property rights in such technologies for the next 10 to 15 years. In addition, Edwards Lifesciences has purchased and licensed extensive United States and foreign patents and patent applications in the angiogenesis field.
Although some of Edwards Lifesciences' patents are due to expire within the next six years, Edwards Lifesciences' patent strategy is to file improvement patent applications and, in some cases, additional patent applications covering new aspects or modifications of the affected products, or line extensions of these products. As a result, the duration of some of the patents covering Edwards Lifesciences' products can extend up to 20 years from the date of filing of the patent application. Edwards Lifesciences management does not believe that the expiration of any one or more of its patents that are due to expire in the next six years will cause a material adverse effect on the sales of Edwards Lifesciences' products. In addition, Edwards Lifesciences is a party to several license agreements with unrelated third parties pursuant to which it has obtained, for varying terms, the exclusive or non-exclusive rights to certain patents held by such third parties in consideration for cross licensing rights or royalty payments. Edwards Lifesciences has also granted various rights in its own patents to others under license agreements. There can be no assurance that pending patent applications will result in issued patents. Competitors may challenge the validity and enforceability of, or circumvent, these patents issued to or licensed by Edwards Lifesciences. Such patents may also be found to be insufficiently broad to provide Edwards Lifesciences with a competitive advantage.
Edwards Lifesciences actively monitors the products of its competitors for possible infringement of Edwards Lifesciences' owned and/or licensed patents. Historically, litigation has been necessary to enforce certain patent rights held by Edwards Lifesciences and Edwards Lifesciences plans to continue to defend and prosecute its rights with respect to such patents. However, the Company's efforts in this regard may not be successful. In addition, patent litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of effort. Edwards Lifesciences also relies upon trade secrets for protection of its confidential and proprietary information. Others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary
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information and techniques, and third parties may otherwise gain access to Edwards Lifesciences' trade secrets.
Following are some of the primary trademarks of Edwards Lifesciences that are registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office:
| Advanced Venous Access | Duraflo | PERIMOUNT Plus | ||
| AnastaFlo | Edwards MIRA | Starr-Edwards | ||
| AVA 3Xi | Edwards Prima Plus | Swan-Ganz | ||
| Carpentier-Edwards | Evergrip | Vantex | ||
| Carpentier-Edwards Physio | Fogarty | Vigilance | ||
| CCOmbo | Lifepath AAA | |||
| Cosgrove-Edwards | PERIMOUNT |
Other key trademarks owned by Edwards Lifesciences:
| AVA HF CCOmbo V BioPhysio Edwards Edwards Lifesciences |
Edwards MC3 Everclip LifeStent Optimaze PERIMOUNT Magna |
PreSep Research Medical Thrombex PMT VisuFlo XenoLogiX |
Many of these trademarks have also been registered for use in certain foreign countries where registration is available and Edwards Lifesciences has determined it is commercially advantageous to do so.
Government Regulation and Other Matters
Regulatory Approvals. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") has responsibility for regulating the introduction of new medical devices. The FDA regulates laboratory and manufacturing practices, labeling and record-keeping for medical devices, and review of required manufacturers' reports of adverse experience to identify potential problems with marketed medical devices. Many of the devices that Edwards Lifesciences develops and markets are in a category for which the FDA has implemented stringent clinical investigation and pre-market approval requirements. The process of obtaining FDA approval to market a product can be resource-intensive, lengthy and costly. FDA review may involve substantial delays that adversely affect the marketing and sale of Edwards Lifesciences' products. Any delay or acceleration experienced by Edwards Lifesciences in obtaining regulatory approvals to conduct clinical trials or in obtaining required market clearances (especially with respect to significant products in the regulatory process that have been discussed in public announcements) may affect Edwards Lifesciences' operations or the market's expectations for the timing of such events and, consequently, the market price for Edwards Lifesciences' common stock. The FDA has the authority to halt the distribution of certain medical devices, detain or seize adulterated or misbranded medical devices, or order the repair, replacement or refund of the costs of such devices. The FDA also may require notification of health professionals and others with regard to medical devices that present unreasonable risks of substantial harm to the public health. The FDA may enjoin and restrain certain violations of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Safe Medical Devices Act pertaining to medical devices, or initiate action for criminal prosecution of such violations. Moreover, the FDA administers certain controls over the export of medical devices from the United States and the importation of devices into the United States.
Medical device laws are also in effect in countries outside of the United States where Edwards Lifesciences does business. These range from comprehensive device approval requirements for some or all of Edwards Lifesciences' medical device products to requests for product data or certifications. The number and scope of these requirements are increasing.
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Edwards Lifesciences is also governed by federal, state, local and foreign laws of general applicability, such as those regulating employee health and safety. In addition, Edwards Lifesciences is subject to various federal, state, local and foreign environmental protection laws and regulations, including those governing the adverse impact of material on the environment.
Health Care Initiatives. Government and private sector initiatives to limit the growth of health care costs, including price regulation and competitive pricing, are continuing in many countries where Edwards Lifesciences does business, including the United States and Japan. As a result of these changes, the marketplace has placed increased emphasis on the delivery of more cost-effective medical therapies. Although Edwards Lifesciences believes it is well positioned to respond to changes resulting from this worldwide trend toward cost containment, proposed legislation and/or changes in the marketplace could have an adverse impact on future operating results.
Diagnostic-related groups' reimbursement schedules regulate the amount the United States government, through the Health and Human Services Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, will reimburse hospitals and doctors for the inpatient care of persons covered by Medicare. In response to rising Medicare and Medicaid costs, several legislative proposals in the United States have been advanced that would restrict future funding increases for these programs. While Edwards Lifesciences has been unaware of significant domestic price resistance directly as a result of the reimbursement policies of diagnostic-related groups, changes in these reimbursement levels and processes could have an adverse effect on Edwards Lifesciences' domestic pricing flexibility.
In keeping with the increased emphasis on cost-effectiveness in health care delivery, the current trend among domestic hospitals and other customers of medical device manufacturers is to consolidate into larger purchasing groups to enhance purchasing power. The medical device industry has also experienced some consolidation, partly in order to offer a broader range of products to large purchasers. As a result, transactions with customers are larger, more complex and tend to involve more long-term contracts than in the past. The enhanced purchasing power of these larger customers may also increase the pressure on product pricing, although management is unable to estimate the potential impact at this time.
Employees
As of December 31, 2002, Edwards Lifesciences had approximately 5,000 employees worldwide, the majority of whom were located at the Company's headquarters in Irvine, California, and at its manufacturing facility in Puerto Rico. Other major concentrations of employees are located in The Dominican Republic, Europe and Japan. Edwards Lifesciences emphasizes competitive compensation, benefits, equity participation and work environment practices in its efforts to attract and retain qualified personnel. None of Edwards Lifesciences' North American employees are represented by a labor union. In various countries outside of North America, the Company interacts with trade unions and work councils that represent a limited number of employees. Edwards Lifesciences has a very engaged workforce as measured by the Gallup Employee Engagement Survey.
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Certain Business Risks
This report, including Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements and other prospective information relating to future events. These forward-looking statements and other information are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause Edwards Lifesciences' actual results to differ materially from historical results or currently anticipated results, including, without limitation, the following:
If Edwards Lifesciences does not introduce new products in a timely manner, its products may become obsolete, and its operating results may suffer.
The cardiovascular products industry is characterized by rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions and evolving industry standards. Without the timely introduction of new products and enhancements, Edwards Lifesciences' products will likely become technologically obsolete over time, in which case Edwards Lifesciences' revenue and operating results would suffer. Even if Edwards Lifesciences is able to develop new technologies, these technologies may not be accepted quickly because of industry-specific factors, such as the need for regulatory clearance, unanticipated restrictions imposed on approved indications, entrenched patterns of clinical practice and uncertainty over third-party reimbursement.
Moreover, significant technical innovations generally will require a substantial investment before Edwards Lifesciences can determine the commercial viability of these innovations. Edwards Lifesciences may not have the financial resources necessary to fund these technical innovations. In addition, even if Edwards Lifesciences is able to successfully develop enhancements or new generations of its products, these enhancements or new generations of products may not produce revenue in excess of the costs of development, and they may be quickly rendered obsolete by changing customer preferences or the introduction by Edwards Lifesciences' competitors of products embodying new technologies or features.
Edwards Lifesciences may incur product liability losses that could adversely affect its operating results.
Edwards Lifesciences' business exposes it to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and marketing of medical devices. Edwards Lifesciences' products are often used in surgical and intensive care settings with seriously ill patients. In addition, some of the medical devices manufactured and sold by Edwards Lifesciences are designed to be implanted in the human body for long periods of time. Edwards Lifesciences could be the subject of product liability suits alleging that component failures, manufacturing flaws, design defects or inadequate disclosure of product-related risks or product-related information could result in an unsafe condition or injury to patients. Product liability lawsuits and claims, safety alerts or product recalls in the future, regardless of their ultimate outcome, could have a material adverse effect on Edwards Lifesciences' business and reputation and on its ability to attract and retain customers.
Edwards Lifesciences may experience supply interruptions that could harm its ability to manufacture products.
Edwards Lifesciences uses a diverse and broad range of raw and organic materials and other items in the design and manufacture of its products. Edwards Lifesciences' non-implantable products are manufactured from man-made raw materials including resins, chemicals, electronics and metals. Edwards Lifesciences' heart valve therapy products are manufactured from treated natural animal tissue and man-made materials. Edwards Lifesciences purchases certain of the materials and components used in the manufacture of its products from external suppliers. In addition, Edwards Lifesciences purchases certain supplies from single sources for reasons of quality assurance, cost-effectiveness or constraints resulting from regulatory requirements. Edwards Lifesciences works closely with its suppliers to assure continuity of supply while maintaining high quality and reliability. Alternative supplier options are generally considered and identified, although Edwards Lifesciences does not typically pursue regulatory
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qualification of alternative sources due to the strength of its existing supplier relationships and the time and expense associated with this regulatory process. Although a change in suppliers could require significant effort or investment by Edwards Lifesciences in circumstances where the items supplied are integral to the performance of Edwards Lifesciences' products or incorporate unique technology, management does not believe that the loss of any existing supply contract would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
In an effort to reduce potential product liability exposure, in the past certain suppliers have announced that they might limit or terminate sales of certain materials and parts to companies that manufacture implantable medical devices. In some cases Edwards Lifesciences has been required to indemnify suppliers for product liability expenses in order to continue to receive materials or parts. There can be no assurance that an indemnity from Edwards Lifesciences will be satisfactory to these suppliers in the future. If Edwards Lifesciences is unable to obtain these raw materials or there is a significant increase in the price of materials or components, its business could be harmed.
Edwards Lifesciences may not successfully identify and complete acquisitions or strategic alliances on favorable terms or achieve anticipated synergies relating to any acquisitions or alliances.
As part of its growth strategy, Edwards Lifesciences regularly reviews potential acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies, services or products and potential strategic alliances. Edwards Lifesciences may be unable to find suitable acquisition candidates or appropriate partners with which to form partnerships or strategic alliances. Even if Edwards Lifesciences identifies appropriate acquisition or alliance candidates, Edwards Lifesciences may be unable to complete such acquisitions or alliances on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, the process of integrating an acquired business, technology, service or product into Edwards Lifesciences' existing business and operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. Integration of an acquired company also may require significant management resources that otherwise would be available for ongoing development of Edwards Lifesciences' business. Moreover, Edwards Lifesciences may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition or strategic alliance, and such transactions may not generate anticipated financial results. Future acquisitions could also require issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or amortization expenses related to other intangible assets, any of which could harm Edwards Lifesciences' business.
Edwards Lifesciences' business is subject to economic, political and other risks associated with international sales and operations.
Because Edwards Lifesciences sells its products in a number of foreign countries, its business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. Sales of Edwards Lifesciences originating outside of the United States, as a percentage of total sales, were 45.6% in 2002. Edwards Lifesciences anticipates that sales from international operations will continue to represent a substantial portion of its total sales. In addition, many of Edwards Lifesciences' manufacturing facilities and suppliers are located outside of the United States. Edwards Lifesciences management expects to increase its sales efforts internationally, which could expose it to greater risks associated with international sales and operations. Accordingly, Edwards Lifesciences' future results could be harmed by a variety of factors, including:
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Edwards Lifesciences is subject to risks arising from currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Edwards Lifesciences generated 45.6% of its 2002 sales outside of the United States. Measured in local currency, a substantial portion of Edwards Lifesciences' foreign generated sales were generated in Europe (and primarily denominated in the Euro) and in Japan. The United States dollar value of Edwards Lifesciences' foreign-generated sales varies with currency exchange rate fluctuations. Significant increases in the value of the United States dollar relative to the Euro or the Japanese Yen, as well as other currencies, could have a material adverse effect on Edwards Lifesciences' results of operations. Edwards Lifesciences has a hedging policy that attempts to manage currency exchange rate risks to an acceptable level based on management's judgment of the appropriate trade-off between risk, opportunity and cost; however, this hedging policy may not completely eliminate the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Fluctuations in Edwards Lifesciences' quarterly operating results may cause Edwards Lifesciences' stock price to decline.
Edwards Lifesciences' revenue and operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter. A high proportion of Edwards Lifesciences' costs are fixed, due in part to significant sales, research and development and manufacturing costs. Thus, small declines in revenue could disproportionately affect operating results in a quarter, and the price of Edwards Lifesciences common stock may fall. Other factors that could affect quarterly operating results include:
Edwards Lifesciences' inability to protect its intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on its business.
Edwards Lifesciences' success and competitive position are dependent, in part, upon its proprietary intellectual property. Edwards Lifesciences relies on a combination of patents, trade secrets and nondisclosure agreements to protect its proprietary intellectual property, and will continue to do so. Although Edwards Lifesciences seeks to protect its proprietary rights through a variety of means, the
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Company cannot guarantee that the protective steps it has taken are adequate to protect these rights. Patents issued to or licensed by Edwards Lifesciences in the past or in the future may be challenged and held invalid or not infringed by third parties. Competitors may also challenge Edwards Lifesciences' patents.
Edwards Lifesciences also relies on confidentiality agreements with certain employees, consultants and other parties to protect, in part, trade secrets and other proprietary information. These agreements could be breached and Edwards Lifesciences may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or gain access to Edwards Lifesciences' trade secrets or proprietary information. Edwards Lifesciences spends significant resources to monitor and enforce its intellectual property rights. However, Edwards Lifesciences may not be able to detect infringement and may lose its competitive position in the industry. In addition, competitors may design around Edwards Lifesciences' technology or develop competing technologies. Intellectual property rights may also be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries, which could make it easier for competitors to capture increased market position.
Third parties may claim Edwards Lifesciences is infringing their intellectual property, and Edwards Lifesciences could suffer significant litigation or licensing expenses or be prevented from selling products.
During recent years, Edwards Lifesciences' competitors have been involved in substantial litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in the medical device industry generally. In the future, Edwards Lifesciences may be forced to defend itself against other claims and legal actions alleging infringement of the intellectual property rights of others. Because intellectual property litigation can be costly and time consuming, Edwards Lifesciences' intellectual property litigation expenses could be significant. Adverse determinations in any such litigation could subject Edwards Lifesciences to significant liabilities to third parties, could require Edwards Lifesciences to seek licenses from third parties and could, if such licenses are not available, prevent Edwards Lifesciences from manufacturing, selling or using certain of its products, any one of which could have a material adverse effect on Edwards Lifesciences.
Third parties could also obtain patents that may require Edwards Lifesciences to either redesign its products or, if possible, negotiate licenses to conduct its business. If Edwards Lifesciences is unable to redesign its products or obtain a license, the Company may have to exit a particular product offering.
Edwards Lifesciences faces intense competition and consolidation within its industry, and if Edwards Lifesciences does not compete effectively, its business will be harmed.
The cardiovascular medical products industry is highly competitive. Edwards Lifesciences competes with many companies, some of which have longer operating histories, better brand or name recognition and greater access to financial and other resources than Edwards Lifesciences. Furthermore, the industry is characterized by intensive development efforts and rapidly advancing technology. Edwards Lifesciences' present and future products could be rendered obsolete or uneconomical by technological advances by one or more of Edwards Lifesciences' current or future competitors or by alternative therapies, including drug therapies. The future success of Edwards Lifesciences will depend, in large part, on its ability to anticipate technology advances and keep pace with other developers of cardiovascular therapies and technologies.
The medical device industry has been consolidating and as a result, transactions with customers are larger, more complex and tend to involve more long-term contracts. The enhanced purchasing power of these larger customers may also increase downward pressure on product pricing. In addition, many existing and potential domestic customers for Edwards Lifesciences' products have combined to form Group Purchasing Organizations ("GPOs"). GPOs negotiate pricing arrangements with medical supply manufacturers and distributors and these negotiated prices are made available to members of GPOs. If Edwards Lifesciences is not one of the providers selected by a GPO, Edwards Lifesciences may be
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precluded from making sales to members of a GPO for several years. Even if Edwards Lifesciences is one of the selected providers, the Company may be at a disadvantage relative to other selected providers that are able to offer volume discounts based on purchases of a broader range of medical equipment and supplies. Further, Edwards Lifesciences may be required to commit to pricing that has a material adverse effect on sales and profit margins, the business, financial condition and results of operations of Edwards Lifesciences.
Edwards Lifesciences and its customers are subject to various governmental regulations, and Edwards Lifesciences may incur significant expenses to comply with these regulations and develop its products to be compatible with these regulations.
The medical devices manufactured and marketed by Edwards Lifesciences are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and numerous other federal, state and foreign governmental authorities. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals to market a medical device, particularly from the FDA and certain foreign governmental authorities, can be costly and time consuming, and approvals might not be granted for future products on a timely basis, if at all. Delays in receipt of, or failure to obtain, approvals for future products could result in delayed realization of product revenues or in substantial additional costs, which could have material adverse effects on Edwards Lifesciences' business or results of operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that Edwards Lifesciences will be or will continue to be in compliance with applicable FDA and other material regulatory requirements. If the FDA were to conclude that Edwards Lifesciences was not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, it could institute proceedings to detain or seize Edwards Lifesciences' products, issue a recall, impose operating restrictions, enjoin future violations and assess civil penalties against Edwards Lifesciences, its officers or its employees and could recommend criminal prosecution to the Department of Justice. Moreover, the FDA could proceed to ban, or request recall, repair, replacement or refund of the cost of, any device or product manufactured or distributed by Edwards Lifesciences. Furthermore, both the FDA and foreign government regulators have become increasingly stringent, and Edwards Lifesciences may be subject to more rigorous regulation by governmental authorities in the future.
Edwards Lifesciences is subject to risks arising from concerns and/or regulatory actions relating to BSE.
Certain of Edwards Lifesciences products, including pericardial tissue valve products, are manufactured using bovine tissue. Concerns relating to the potential transmission of BSE from cows to humans may result in reduced acceptance in certain geographies of bovine products. In addition, various governmental bodies are considering stricter regulation of such products. The Company obtains its bovine tissue only from sources within the United States, where strong control measures and surveillance programs exist and where no BSE cases have been reported. In addition, the bovine tissue used in the Company's pericardial tissue valve products are from tissue types considered by global health and regulatory organizations to have shown no risk of infectibility. The Company has not experienced any adverse impact on its sales as a result of concerns regarding BSE, but no assurance can be given that such an impact may not occur in the future.
If third-party payors decline to reimburse Edwards Lifesciences customers for Edwards Lifesciences products or reduce reimbursement levels, Edwards Lifesciences' ability to profitably sell its products will be harmed.
Edwards Lifesciences sells its products and technologies to hospitals, doctors and other health care providers, all of which receive reimbursement for the health care services provided to their patients from third-party payors, such as government programs (both domestic and international), private insurance plans and managed care programs. These third-party payors may deny reimbursement if they determine that a device used in a procedure was not used in accordance with cost-effective treatment methods, as determined by such third-party payor, or was used for an unapproved indication. Third-party payors may also decline to reimburse for experimental procedures and devices. Many of Edwards Lifesciences' existing and future products are cost-effective because they are intended to reduce overall
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health care costs over a long period of time. Edwards Lifesciences cannot be certain whether these third-party payors will recognize these cost savings or will merely focus on the lower initial costs associated with competing therapies. If Edwards Lifesciences' products are not considered cost-effective by third-party payors, Edwards Lifesciences' customers may not be reimbursed for the Company's products.
In addition, third-party payors are increasingly attempting to contain health care costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for medical products and services. There can be no assurance that levels of reimbursement, if any, will not be decreased in the future, or that future legislation, regulation or reimbursement policies of third-party payors will not otherwise adversely affect the demand for and price levels of Edwards Lifesciences' products. In Japan, customers are reimbursed for Edwards Lifesciences products under a government-operated insurance system. Under this system, the Japanese government annually reviews the reimbursement levels for products. The Japanese government is also considering other reimbursement regulation. If the Japanese government decides to reduce reimbursement levels for Edwards Lifesciences' products, Edwards Lifesciences' product pricing may be adversely affected.
The locations and uses of the major properties of Edwards Lifesciences are as follows:
| North America | ||||
| Irvine, California | (1) | Corporate Headquarters, Research and Development, Regulatory and Clinical Affairs and Manufacturing | ||
| Memphis, Tennessee | (1) | Distribution and Logistics | ||
| Midvale, Utah | (1) | Administration, Research and Development and Manufacturing | ||
| Haina, The Dominican Republic | (2) | Manufacturing | ||
| Anasco, Puerto Rico | (2) | Manufacturing | ||
Europe |
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| Horw, Switzerland | (2) | Administration, Distribution and Manufacturing | ||
| Saint Prex, Switzerland | (2) | European Headquarters | ||
South America |
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| São Paulo, Brazil | (1),(2) | Administration, Distribution and Manufacturing | ||
Japan |
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| Tokyo, Japan | (2) | Japan Headquarters, Distribution | ||
| Miyazaki, Japan | (2) | Manufacturing, Distribution |
The Dominican Republic lease expires in 2006; the Puerto Rico lease expires in 2008; the Horw, Switzerland lease expires in 2003; the Saint Prex, Switzerland lease expires in 2005; and the São Paulo, Brazil lease expires in 2003. The Company's properties have been well maintained, are in good operating condition and are adequate for current needs.
On June 29, 2000, Edwards Lifesciences filed a lawsuit for patent infringement against Medtronic, Inc., which, as amended, alleged infringement of three Edwards Lifesciences United States patents. On September 18, 2001, Edwards Lifesciences filed a separate complaint against Medtronic
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alleging infringement of a fourth Edwards Lifesciences United States patent. These lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. Effective April 24, 2002, Edwards Lifesciences entered into an agreement with Medtronic resolving these patent infringement claims and dismissing the two lawsuits. Under the terms of the settlement, Edwards Lifesciences received a one-time cash payment of $20.0 million (recorded as a gain of $14.7 million, net of legal expenses, in Other (Income) Expense, net) and granted Medtronic a royalty-bearing license on two of the Edwards Lifesciences' patents. In addition, on July 2, 2002, Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic submitted to binding arbitration on another of the patents in dispute. Medtronic prevailed in this arbitration and will not require an additional license.
On June 29, 2000, Edwards Lifesciences also filed a lawsuit against St. Jude Medical, Inc. alleging infringement of three Edwards Lifesciences United States patents. This lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, seeking monetary damages and injunctive relief. St. Jude has answered and asserted various affirmative defenses and counterclaims with respect to the lawsuits. On April 9, 2002, a fourth Edwards Lifesciences United States patent was added to the lawsuit. Discovery is proceeding.
In addition, Edwards Lifesciences is, or may be, a party to, or may be otherwise responsible for, pending or threatened lawsuits related primarily to products and services currently or formerly manufactured or performed, as applicable, by Edwards Lifesciences. Such cases and claims raise difficult and complex factual and legal issues and are subject to many uncertainties and complexities, including, but not limited to, the facts and circumstances of each particular case or claim, the jurisdiction in which each suit is brought, and differences in applicable law. Upon resolution of any pending legal matters, Edwards Lifesciences may incur charges in excess of presently established reserves. While such a charge could have a material adverse impact on Edwards Lifesciences' net income or net cash flows in the period in which it is recorded or paid, management believes that no such charge would have a material adverse effect on Edwards Lifesciences' consolidated financial position.
Edwards Lifesciences is also subject to various environmental laws and regulations both within and outside of the United States. The operations of Edwards Lifesciences, like those of other medical device companies, involve the use of substances regulated under environmental laws, primarily in manufacturing and sterilization processes. While it is difficult to quantify the potential impact of compliance with environmental protection laws, management believes that such compliance will not have a material impact on Edwards Lifesciences' financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Item 4 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.
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Item 5 Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
Market Price
The principal market for Edwards Lifesciences' common stock is the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"). The table below sets forth, for the calendar quarters indicated, the high and low sales prices of Edwards Lifesciences' common stock as reported by the NYSE.
| |
2002 |
2001 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
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| Calendar Quarter Ended: | |||||||||||||
| March 31 | $ | 29.60 | $ | 25.00 | $ | 22.75 | $ | 16.75 | |||||
| June 30 | 28.05 | 22.18 | 26.45 | 17.80 | |||||||||
| September 30 | 25.75 | 18.40 | 28.00 | 20.40 | |||||||||
| December 31 | 27.50 | 23.81 | 29.15 | 22.60 | |||||||||
Number of Stockholders
On February 28, 2003, there were 38,593 stockholders of record of Edwards Lifesciences' common stock.
Dividends
Edwards Lifesciences has never paid any cash dividends on its capital stock and has no current plans to pay any cash dividends. The current policy of Edwards Lifesciences is to retain any future earnings for use in the business of the Company.
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Item 6 Selected Financial Data
The following table sets forth selected financial information with respect to Edwards Lifesciences. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with Edwards Lifesciences' "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Consolidated Financial Statements" found elsewhere in this Form 10-K. No per share data for the years 2000 and prior have been presented because Edwards Lifesciences' earnings were part of Baxter's earnings through the close of business on March 31, 2000. See Note 4 to the "Consolidated Financial Statements" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for discussions of the effect of certain asset divestitures on Edwards Lifesciences' operations.
| |
|
As of or for the years ended December 31 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
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| |
|
(in millions except per share data) |
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| OPERATING RESULTS(a) | Net sales | $ | 704.0 | $ | 692.1 | $ | 803.8 | $ | 905.0 | $ | 865.0 | ||||||
| Gross profit | 404.9 | 368.4 | 380.5 | 439.0 | 399.0 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations(b) |
55.7 | (11.4 | ) | (271.7 | ) | 82.0 | 62.0 | ||||||||||
BALANCE SHEET DATA |
Total assets(c) |
$ |
1,008.2 |
$ |
982.9 |
$ |
1,106.7 |
$ |
1,437.0 |
$ |
1,483.0 |
||||||
| Long-term debt and lease obligations |
245.5 | 309.8 | 367.2 | | | ||||||||||||
COMMON STOCK INFORMATION |
Income (loss) from continuing operations per common share: |
||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.94 | $ | (0.19 | ) | | | | |||||||||
| Diluted | 0.91 | (0.19 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared per common share |
| | | | | ||||||||||||
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Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis present the factors that had a material effect on the results of operations of Edwards Lifesciences during the three years ended December 31, 2002. Also discussed is Edwards Lifesciences' financial position as of December 31, 2002. You should read this discussion in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Certain disclosures prepared in accordance Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") contained in this discussion are accompanied by disclosures that are not prepared in conformity with GAAP. These non-GAAP disclosures generally: