UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ý ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE |
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| SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 |
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OR |
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o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE |
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| SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the Transition Period From to |
Commission file number 1-6450
GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
95-1765035 (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
500 EAST 96TH STREET, SUITE 500
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA 46240
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code 317-715-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class Common stock, $1.00 par value |
Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Pacific Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to the filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
As of June 28, 2002, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $1,329,445,286 based on the last reported sales price on the New York Stock Exchange.
As of March 3, 2003, 50,200,485 shares of the registrant's stock were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant's Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 1, 2003 are incorporated by reference into Part III.
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| PART I | ||||
Item 1. |
Business |
3 |
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Item 2. |
Properties |
7 |
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Item 3. |
Legal Proceedings |
7 |
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Item 4. |
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
9 |
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PART II |
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Item 5. |
Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters |
10 |
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Item 6. |
Selected Financial Data |
11 |
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Item 7. |
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
12 |
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Item 7A. |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
28 |
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Item 8. |
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
30 |
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Item 9. |
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants and Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
66 |
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PART III |
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Item 10. |
Directors and Officers of the Registrant |
66 |
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Item 11. |
Executive Compensation |
69 |
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Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management |
69 |
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Item 13. |
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions |
69 |
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Item 14. |
Controls and Procedures |
69 |
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PART IV |
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Item 15. |
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule and Reports on Form 8-K |
70 |
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| Signatures | 74 | |||
| Certifications | 75 | |||
2
GENERAL
Great Lakes Chemical Corporation is a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1933 having its principal executive offices at 500 East 96th Street, Suite 500, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240. As used in this report, except where otherwise stated or indicated by the context, "Great Lakes" or "the Company" means Great Lakes Chemical Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Great Lakes is a customer-focused supplier of innovative specialty chemical solutions and consumer products. The Company serves customers and markets through a global network of integrated sales, production, research, technical service and distribution facilities. The Company is organized into three global business units:
Polymer Additives - The Polymer Additives business unit is a leading developer, producer and marketer of bromine-, phosphorus- and antimony-based flame retardants and synergists; value-added antioxidants; UV absorbers; light stabilizers; performance additives and fluids; and optical monomers. These compounds are integrated into customer solutions that resist ignition and ensure the stability of products during processing or while in use.
Performance Chemicals - The Performance Chemicals business unit is a collection of individual businesses that apply their expertise in fire suppression for mission critical and high-value assets; fluorinated intermediates; bromine and brominated intermediates; soil, crop and pest control; and all phases of nonclinical toxicological testing. As a result of the Company's decision in 2002 to sell its Fine Chemicals business, which provides complex chemical synthesis and process development for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical markets, the net assets of Fine Chemicals have been reclassified as assets held for sale, with operating results reported in Discontinued Operations for all periods presented
Water Treatment - The Water Treatment business unit is the world's premier formulator of water treatment biocides and related specialty chemicals for recreational and commercial pools and spas. This business unit extends innovative recreational water treatment products across the value chain to mass merchants, wholesale distributors, specialty store owners and retail customers. Its bromine-based biocides and proprietary polymer-based antiscalants, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, antifoam, hydantoin derivatives, formulated oxidizers and biocide dispensing equipment are used by industrial customers in global cooling processing, industrial and municipal wastewater, pulp and paper, food processing and desalination industries.
Segment data for the Company's operations for the three years ended December 31, 2002 are presented in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
The following is a list of the principal products and services, markets and production facilities of the Company:
POLYMER ADDITIVES
| Products and Services |
Principal Markets |
Production Facilities |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flame Retardants | ||||
| Bromine-, phosphorus- and antimony-based flame retardants and synergists marketed under the trade names Firemaster®, Kronitex®, Reofos®, Reogard®, Ongard®, Oncor, Pyrobloc®, Smokebloc® and Timonox®, as well as flame retardant physical for compounds and blends sold under the trade name Fyrebloc® | Building and construction materials; electrical components; wire and cable; information technology and consumer equipment including computers, television cabinetry and textiles; printed wiring boards; automotive applications; and polymer processing | El Dorado, AR; Reynosa, Mexico; Newton Aycliffe, U.K.; Trafford Park (Manchester), U.K. | ||
Polymer Stabilizers |
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| Antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, marketed under the trade names Alkanox®, Anox, Lowilite® and Lowinox®; non-dusting blends sold under the trade name Anox NDB; and optical monomers | Fibers, cables, household appliances, communications equipment, computer and business machines, automotive, packaging, textiles, building and construction, cosmetics and optical lenses | Newport, TN; Pasadena, TX; Catenoy, France; Waldkraiburg, Germany; Pedrengo, Italy; Ravenna, Italy; Pyongtaek, Korea |
PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS
| Products and Services |
Principal Markets |
Production Facilities |
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| Agricultural Products | ||||
| Methyl bromide | Soil, crop and structural pest control | El Dorado, AR | ||
Bromine Intermediates |
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| Bromine, bromine derivatives and bromine-based specialty chemicals | Electronics, photographic papers and films, rubber compounds, detergents and pharmaceuticals | El Dorado, AR; Amlwch, U.K. | ||
Fire Suppression |
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| FM-200® fire suppression agent | Information technology including computer and control rooms; telecommunications and emergency response centers; transportation such as airplanes, military vehicles and marine vessels; medical equipment; laboratories; hazardous and flammable liquid storage facilities; document vaults and archives; and art galleries and museums | El Dorado, AR | ||
Fluorine Specialties |
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| Organo-fluorine compounds and fluorinated intermediates | Refrigerants, pharmaceuticals and automotive components | El Dorado, AR | ||
Toxicological Services |
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| All phases of nonclinical toxicological testing and bioanalytical services; design of specialized toxicological, metabolic and analytical chemistry programs | Pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnology industries | Ashland, OH | ||
Fine Chemicals (classified as discontinued operations) |
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| Specialty and fine chemical intermediates | Pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals | Halebank, U.K.; Holywell, U.K. |
4
WATER TREATMENT
| Products and Services |
Principal Markets |
Production Facilities |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recreational (BioLab Inc.) | ||||
| Water treatment sanitizers AquaBrom®, AquaChem®, Bayrol®, BioGuard®, Guardex®, Hydrotech, Miami®, OMNI, Pool Season, Pool Time®, Spa Guard®, Sun® and Vantage®; algicides, biocides oxidizers, pH balancers, mineral balancers and specialty chemicals | Pool and spa dealers and distributors, mass market retailers, residential and commercial pools, pool service companies, residential and commercial builders | Conyers, GA; Lake Charles, LA; Adrian, MI; Melbourne, Australia; Toronto, Canada; Le Chambre, France; Barbera Del Valles, Spain; Kyalami, South Africa; Andoversford, U.K. | ||
Industrial (BioLab Water Additives) |
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| Antiscalants, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, antifoams, hydantoin derivatives, formulated oxidizers and biocide dispensing equipment | Industrial cooling water treatment, industrial and municipal wastewater treatment, municipal desalination, pulp and paper processing, food processing and preservative intermediates | Adrian, MI; El Dorado, AR; Conyers, GA; Trafford Park (Manchester), U.K. |
RAW MATERIALS
The sources of essential raw materials for bromine are the brine from Company-owned wells in Arkansas and a sea water extraction plant in Europe. The Arkansas properties are located atop the Smackover lime deposits, which constitute a vast underground sea of bromine-rich brine. The 35-mile area between El Dorado and Magnolia, Arkansas, provides the best known geological location for bromine production in the United States, and both major domestic bromine manufacturers are located in this area. Based on projected production rates, the Company's brine reserves are estimated to be adequate.
Other raw materials used in the business are obtained from outside suppliers through purchase agreements. The cost of raw materials is generally based on market prices, although risk management tools may be utilized, as appropriate, to mitigate short-term market price fluctuations. Other raw materials purchased include chlorine, caustic, hexafluoropropene, phenol, bisphenol A and antimony oxide.
The Company has multiple suppliers for most key raw materials and uses quality raw materials management principles, such as the establishment of long-term relationships with suppliers and ongoing performance assessment and benchmarking, as part of the total supplier selection process. In addition, the Company uses electricity and natural gas to meet its energy needs.
INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS
Great Lakes has a significant presence in foreign markets, principally Western Europe and Asia. Approximately one-third of the Company's assets and sales are outside the United States. The geographic segment data is set forth in Note 15, "Segment Information," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CUSTOMERS AND DISTRIBUTION
During the last three years, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of Great Lakes' total consolidated sales. The Company has no material contracts or subcontracts with government agencies. A major portion of the Company's sales are to industrial or commercial businesses for use in the production of other products. Some products, such as recreational water treatment chemicals and supplies, are sold to a large number of retail pool stores, mass merchandisers and distributors. Some export sales are marketed through distributors and brokers.
The Company's business does not normally reflect any significant backlog of orders.
5
COMPETITION
Great Lakes is in competition with businesses producing the same or similar products, as well as businesses producing products intended for similar use. There is one other major bromine producer in the United States, which competes with the Company to varying degrees, depending on the product. In addition, the Company competes with only one major overseas manufacturer of bromine and brominated products, which competes with the Company's products primarily in Europe and Asia. Several small producers in the United States and overseas are competitors for several individual products. Furthermore, there are numerous manufacturers that compete with the Company by offering alternatives to Great Lakes products. In Polymer Stabilizers, the Company competes with a significantly larger supplier across this entire product line and with a number of smaller companies in individual product areas. Within Performance Chemicals, the Fluorine business competes with a global manufacturer producing similar products, as well as manufacturers with products intended for similar use. The Company's Water Treatment business competes with several manufacturers and distributors of swimming pool and spa chemicals.
Principal methods of competition are innovation, price, product quality and purity, technical services and service delivery. The Company is able to move quickly in providing new products to meet identified market demands. Management believes these factors, combined with highly qualified technical personnel, allow the Company to compete effectively.
SEASONALITY AND WORKING CAPITAL
The Company's products sold to the swimming pool industry exhibit some seasonality. The Company experiences higher sales and profits in the second and third quarters for pool products. Seasonality also requires that the Company build inventories for rapid delivery at certain times of the year. In particular, sales related to the pool product season require a build-up of inventory at the beginning of the year. Certain arrangements with mass market customers permit returns of unsold material at the end of a season. The effect of the these items on working capital and liquidity requirements is not material.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
The Company holds various patents and trademarks covering a number of its products and processes. While the Company believes these patents and trademarks offer significant commercial benefits, the Company's management does not believe any individual patent or trademark is of material importance to the Company's business as a whole or that the success of the Company's business is dependent upon its portfolio of patents and trademarks.
Research and development expenditures are described in Note 14, "Research and Development Expenses," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ENVIRONMENTAL
The Company's operations are subject to various laws and regulations relating to maintaining or protecting the quality of the environment. Information regarding environmental compliance and contingencies is set forth under the "Environmental" caption in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and in Note 18, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6
EMPLOYEES
The Company currently employs approximately 4,600 people, 40% of whom are employed outside the United States. Approximately 190 U.S. employees are represented by collective bargaining agreements. The Company maintains good employee relations and is currently in negotiations with its one union whose contract expires in the first quarter of 2003. While the Company has successfully completed its past labor negotiations without a work stoppage, it cannot predict the outcome of current or future contract negotiations.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company's Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on the Company's Internet website at http://www.greatlakes.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Company leases its principal executive offices in Indianapolis, Indiana, and owns its principal corporate facility in West Lafayette, Indiana. The Company operates 24 production facilities in 11 countries. The Company has distribution facilities at all of its manufacturing sites. Listed under "Item I. Business" above in the table captioned "Products and Services" are the production facilities by business unit. The Company's principal research facilities are in West Lafayette, Indiana; Decatur, Georgia; and Trafford Park (Manchester), U.K. Most principal locations are owned.
In addition, the Company owns or leases warehouses, distribution centers and office space for administrative and sales activities throughout the world. All of the Company's facilities are in good repair, suitable for the Company's businesses, and have sufficient capacity to meet present market demands at an efficient operating level.
The Company has been cooperating with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) and the European Commission since the spring of 1998 in their respective investigations of the bromine and brominated products industry. Both investigations were initiated after the Company self-reported to those agencies certain business practices that raised questions under antitrust laws. As a result of the Company's cooperation, the Company and its current directors and employees were accepted into the DOJ's amnesty program. Concurrently, the Company sought favorable treatment under a program in the European Union that also rewards self-reporting and cooperation. To the Company's knowledge, no proceedings have ever been instituted in the European Union in connection with the investigation.
The Company believes it has fully complied with all applicable conditions to date and has continued to cooperate with the DOJ in connection with certain follow-up matters arising out of the investigation, all of which are covered by the Company's acceptance into the amnesty program. Although, to the Company's knowledge, there have been no additional matters that have arisen in connection with the investigations, the Company intends to continue to be in full compliance with the DOJ and European Union programs.
There were ten federal purported class action lawsuits and five California purported class actions naming the Company, each claiming treble damages arising out of an alleged conspiracy concerning the pricing of bromine and brominated products. The federal lawsuits were consolidated in the District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, which, over the Company's opposition, certified a class of direct purchasers of certain brominated products.
7
On September 10, 2002, the Company agreed to settle all of the federal class actions. The settlement agreement affects direct purchasers from the Company of brominated diphenyl oxides (decabromodiphenyl oxide, octabromodiphenyl oxide and pentabromodiphenyl oxide) and their blends, tetrabromobisphenol-A and its derivatives and all methyl bromide products and their derivatives in the United States between January 1, 1995 and April 30, 1998. The Company agreed to a $4.1 million cash payment and $2.6 million in vouchers for the future purchase of decabromodiphenyl oxide and/or tetrabromobisphenol-A, to be distributed to class members. The settlement was reflected in the third quarter of 2002 as a reduction to litigation reserves previously recorded in prior periods.
Pursuant to the settlement agreement, the Company remitted the cash portion to an escrow account on November 8, 2002, subject to final approval of the settlement agreement by the federal court. After notice to class members, the federal court gave final approval to the settlement in January 2003. In addition, the plaintiffs submitted a plan of distribution for court approval. The plan included a form of voucher agreed to by the Company.
The California cases pending in the Superior Court for San Francisco County claim alleged violations of California competition laws and were stayed pending resolution of the federal cases. The cases are not impacted by the federal settlement. The Company has denied that the cases were legitimately filed as class actions, denies all liability and intends to defend the cases vigorously.
OSCA, the interest in which the Company divested to BJ Services Company as of May 31, 2002, is a party to certain pending litigation regarding a blowout of a well in the Gulf of Mexico operated by Newfield Exploration Company. In the lawsuit, the plaintiffs claimed that OSCA and the other defendants breached their contracts to perform work-over operations on the well and were negligent in performing those operations. On April 4, 2002, a jury reached a verdict on those claims, finding OSCA and the other defendants responsible for those claims and determining OSCA's share of the damages. In connection with the lawsuit, the Company asserted claims against its insurers and insurance brokers in support of insurance coverage for this incident. A related trial on these insurance coverage claims was conducted by the submission of legal briefs. Thereafter, the court issued its final judgments on the underlying liability claims and the insurance coverage claims, entering judgment against OSCA for a net amount of approximately $13.3 million plus interest, and finding that such amount was only partially covered by insurance. Pursuant to an indemnification agreement between the Company and BJ Services entered into at the time of the sale of OSCA (see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), Great Lakes has agreed to pay BJ Services a certain percentage of any uninsured cash damages in excess of an amount paid by OSCA upon settlement or final determination of this pending litigation. As of December 31, 2002, the Company recorded a $9.0 million reserve in discontinued operations for this indemnification liability. Great Lakes and BJ expect to appeal some or all of the liability and insurance coverage decisions.
On May 28, 2002, Albemarle Corporation filed two complaints against the Company in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana, one alleging that the Company infringed on three process patents held by Albemarle Corporation relating to bromine vacuum tower technology, and the other alleging that the Company had infringed or contributed or induced the infringement of a patent relating to the use of decabromodiphenyl ethane as a flame retardant in thermoplastics. On a motion by the Company and over Albemarle's objection, the cases were consolidated. In addition, the Company has filed a counterclaim with the District Court in the flame retardant cases, alleging, among other things, that the Albemarle patent is invalid or was obtained as a result of inequitable conduct in the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
With respect to the Albemarle case, the Company believes that the allegations of the complaints are without basis factually or legally, and intends to defend the cases vigorously.
8
There are also various other lawsuits and claims, other than those mentioned above, pending against the Company and certain of its consolidated subsidiaries. While it is not possible to predict or determine the outcome of legal actions brought against the Company or the ultimate cost of these actions, the Company believes the costs associated with all such actions in the aggregate will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations. Furthermore, no director, officer or affiliate of the Company, or any associate of any director or officer is involved, or has a material interest in, any proceeding that would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the quarter ended December 31, 2002.
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ITEM 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
The common stock of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the trading symbol GLK. The following table sets forth the quarterly dividends paid per share and the ranges of high and low market prices per share on the NYSE for the last two fiscal years, based upon information supplied by the NYSE.
| 2002 |
March 31 |
June 30 |
September 30 |
December 31 |
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| Cash dividends paid per share | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.08 | |||||
Stock Price Data |
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| High | $ | 28.59 | $ | 28.40 | $ | 29.31 | $ | 26.75 | |||||
| Low | 21.55 | 23.70 | 21.24 | 22.51 | |||||||||
| Year-end close | 23.88 | ||||||||||||
2001 |
March 31 |
June 30 |
September 30 |
December 31 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash dividends paid per share | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.08 | |||||
Stock Price Data |
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| High | $ | 37.63 | $ | 34.75 | $ | 32.01 | $ | 25.12 | |||||
| Low | 29.40 | 29.85 | 20.00 | 20.16 | |||||||||
| Year-end close | 24.28 | ||||||||||||
As of March 3, 2003, there were approximately 2,128 stockholders of record of the Company's common stock.
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ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data
| (millions, except per share data) Year Ended December 31, |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
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| Statement of Operations Data | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 1,401.5 | $ | 1,352.8 | $ | 1,449.8 | $ | 1,291.1 | $ | 1,233.1 | |||||||||
| Operating income before special charges | 116.3 | 7.2 | 200.5 | 190.0 | 187.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss)(1) | 111.2 | (141.4 | ) | 146.2 | 171.0 | 74.3 | |||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 68.7 | (221.0 | ) | 117.4 | 187.5 | 70.9 | |||||||||||||
| Income taxes (credit) | 21.3 | (39.8 | ) | 36.6 | 39.7 | 8.8 | |||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 31.0 | % | (18.0 | )% | 31.2 | % | 21.2 | % | 12.4 | % | |||||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 47.4 | $ | (181.2 | ) | $ | 80.8 | $ | 147.8 | $ | 62.1 | ||||||||
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations | 77.6 | (108.3 | ) | 46.2 | (8.2 | ) | 26.9 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 125.0 | $ | (289.5 | ) | $ | 127.0 | $ | 139.6 | $ | 89.0 | ||||||||
Balance Sheet Data - Year-End(2) |
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| Working capital (excluding cash and cash equivalents) |
$ | 150.3 | $ | 116.2 | $ | 294.8 | $ | 282.6 | $ | 163.6 | |||||||||
| Current ratio | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | $ | 64.8 | $ | 131.2 | $ | 132.9 | $ | 94.9 | $ | 125.2 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 1,663.6 | 1,475.3 | 1,782.4 | 1,888.2 | 1,691.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Noncurrent liabilities | 103.1 | 67.9 | 28.4 | 29.9 | 32.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Debt (net of cash and cash equivalents) | 181.5 | 456.2 | 444.4 | 420.8 | 119.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Debt | 440.6 | 511.7 | 663.0 | 889.1 | 519.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Percent of total capitalization | 37.1 | % | 45.5 | % | 41.1 | % | 47.2 | % | 33.0 | % | |||||||||
| Stockholder's equity | $ | 745.7 | $ | 613.5 | $ | 949.7 | $ | 994.1 | $ | 1,054.3 | |||||||||
Share Data |
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| Basic earnings (loss) per share | |||||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations(2) | $ | 0.94 | $ | (3.60 | ) | $ | 1.54 | $ | 2.56 | $ | 1.05 | ||||||||
| Discontinued operations | 1.54 | (2.16 | ) | 0.88 | (0.14 | ) | 0.46 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2.48 | $ | (5.76 | ) | $ | 2.42 | $ | 2.42 | $ | 1.51 | ||||||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share | |||||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations(3) | $ | 0.94 | $ | (3.60 | ) | $ | 1.54 | $ | 2.55 | $ | 1.05 | ||||||||
| Discontinued operations | 1.54 | (2.16 | ) | 0.88 | (0.14 | ) | 0.45 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2.48 | $ | (5.76 | ) | $ | 2.42 | $ | 2.41 | $ | 1.50 | ||||||||
| Cash dividends per share | |||||||||||||||||||
| Declared during year | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.40 | |||||||||
| Paid during year | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.48 | ||||||||||||||
| Payout as a percent of net income (loss) | 12.9 | % | (5.6 | )% | 13.2 | % | 13.2 | % | 26.5 | % | |||||||||
| Shares outstanding (basic) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Average during year | 50.2 | 50.3 | 52.4 | 57.8 | 59.0 | ||||||||||||||
| At year-end | 50.2 | 50.2 | 50.3 | 54.5 | 58.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Stock price(4) | |||||||||||||||||||
| At year-end | $ | 23.88 | $ | 24.28 | $ | 37.19 | $ | 38.19 | $ | 40.00 | |||||||||
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ITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following provides a review of the consolidated financial position of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation ("the Company"), at December 31, 2002 and 2001, the consolidated results of operations for the three years ended December 31, 2002, and where appropriate, factors that may affect future financial performance. Please read this discussion in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements, notes and selected consolidated financial data. As described in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the results of the Fine Chemicals business as a part of the Performance Chemicals business unit and OSCA, formerly the Energy Services and Products business unit, are reported in Discontinued Operations for all periods presented.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
The Company is including the following cautionary statement to make applicable and take advantage of the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to any forward-looking statement made by, or on behalf of, the Company. Forward-looking statements generally may be identified by words such as "believes," "expects," "intends," "may," "will likely result," "estimates," "anticipates," "should," and other similar expressions, or the negative of such words or expressions. The factors identified in this cautionary statement are important factors (but do not necessarily constitute all important factors) that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by, or on behalf of, the Company.
Where any such forward-looking statement includes a statement of the assumptions or bases underlying such forward-looking statement, the Company cautions that, while it believes such assumptions or bases to be reasonable and makes them in good faith, assumed facts or bases almost always vary from actual results, and the differences between assumed facts or bases and actual results can be material, depending upon the circumstances. Where, in any forward-looking statement, the Company, or its management, expresses an expectation or belief as to future results, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the statement of expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished.
Taking into account the foregoing, certain factors, including, but not limited to, those listed below, may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by, or on behalf of, the Company.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Financial Reporting Release No. 60 requires all companies to include a discussion of critical accounting policies or methods used in the preparation of financial statements. See Note 1 to the Company's audited Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe the following are some of the more critical judgment areas in the application of our accounting policies that currently affect our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.
GENERAL
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The most significant estimates and assumptions relate to special charges, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, income taxes, pensions and contingencies related to litigation and environmental matters. Actual amounts could differ significantly from these estimates.
SPECIAL CHARGES
The Company recorded special charges, net of adjustments, of $5.1 million, $148.6 million and $54.3 million in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. These charges and adjustments were made in connection with detailed repositioning and restructuring plans, which provided for a series of cost reduction initiatives to further streamline operations, strengthen the Company's competitive position and provide a platform for future growth. The charges associated with these plans included estimates for amounts related to asset impairments, employee severance costs, plant closure and related environmental costs and the settlements of various contractual obligations resulting from these repositioning and restructuring actions. When it is determinable that the actual costs differ from the original estimates, adjustments, either additional charges or reversals, are made to the remaining special charge reserves at that time.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The Company evaluates long-lived assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets, annually or when events occur or circumstances change that may result in a potential impairment. Judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on legal factors, market conditions and operational performance of acquired businesses. If impairment indicators are present, the Company is required to assess the recoverability of these assets. In assessing the recoverability of the Company's goodwill and other intangible assets, the Company must make assumptions regarding
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estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to adjust the impairment charges for these assets.
INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. The statement also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
At December 31, 2002, the Company had deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities of $9.9 million. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, management determined that it is more likely than not that $35.7 million and $49.4 million, respectively, of certain deferred tax assets will not be realized, requiring the Company to establish a valuation allowance for those amounts.
The Company evaluates on a quarterly basis its ability to realize its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the Company's forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to support realization of certain deferred tax assets.
Failure to achieve forecasted taxable income might affect the ultimate realization of certain deferred tax assets. Factors that may affect the Company's ability to achieve sufficient forecasted taxable income include, but are not limited to, increased competition, general economic conditions, a decline in sales or earnings, loss of market share or delays in product availability.
In addition, the Company operates within multiple taxing jurisdictions and is subject to audits in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve. In management's opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made.
DEFINED BENEFIT PENSION PLANS
The Company sponsors various non-contributory and contributory defined benefit pension plans which have significant pension benefit costs developed from actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are key assumptions including discount rates, expected return on plan assets and rates of increases in compensation levels. The Company is required to consider current market conditions, including changes in interest rates and plan asset investment returns in determining these assumptions. At October 1, 2002 (the annual plan measurement date), appropriate changes were made in the discount rates and expected return on plan assets assumptions for all plans. See Note 13 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for detail of these assumptions. The Company currently expects pension costs to increase approximately $8 million to $9 million in 2003 compared to 2002. The Company has no funding requirements for 2003 as actuarially determined for the U.S. plans. The Company does expect, however, to make a voluntary contribution to the U.S. qualified plan of approximately $7 million. It is anticipated that this contribution will consist primarily of Company stock. Company contributions to the non-U.S. plans in 2003 are expected to be approximately $3 million, in line with 2002 amounts.
An increase in either the discount rate or expected return on plan assets of one-fourth of 1 percentage point, holding all other assumptions constant, would decrease the Company's pension expense by $1.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Correspondingly, a decrease in these
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assumptions of one-fourth of 1 percentage point, holding all other assumptions constant, would increase the Company's pension expense by $1.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively.
CONTINGENCIES
The Company is subject to legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims related to environmental, labor, product and other matters. The Company is required to assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes related to these matters, as well as potential ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after careful analysis of each individual issue. The Company records a reserve when management considers the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome probable and when a reasonable estimate of the liability can be made. At December 31, 2002, the Company had accrued $16.8 million and $45.2 million related to litigation and environmental liabilities, respectively. These accruals are estimates and may change in the future as new developments arise as changes are made in settlement strategy.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth the percentage relationship to net sales of certain income statement items for the Company's continuing operations:
| Year Ended December 31 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |
| Cost of products sold | 76.3 | 82.9 | 71.3 | ||||
| Gross profit | 23.7 | 17.1 | 28.7 | ||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses |
15.3 | 16.6 | 14.9 | ||||
| Operating contribution | 8.4 | 0.5 | 13.8 | ||||
| Special charges | 0.4 | (11.0 | ) | 3.7 | |||
| Operating income (loss) - Continuing operations | 8.0 | (10.5 | ) | 10.1 | |||
| Interest income (expense) - net | (2.0 | ) | (2.4 | ) | (2.2 | ) | |
| Other income (expense) - net | (1.1 | ) | (3.5 | ) | 0.2 | ||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 4.9 | (16.4 | ) | 8.1 | |||
| Income taxes (credit) | 1.5 | (3.0 | ) | 2.5 | |||
| Net income (loss) - Continuing operations | 3.4 | % | (13.4 | )% | 5.6 | % | |
2002 COMPARED WITH 2001
Continuing Operations
Net sales increased 3.6% to $1,401.5 million from $1,352.8 million in the prior year. Strong volume gains in the Water Treatment and Polymer Additives business units were offset by lower sales in Performance Chemicals related to the Fluorine business and lower selling prices in the Polymer Additives and Performance Chemicals business units. For the Company as a whole, sales volumes increased 5% while pricing was down 2%.
Gross profit margins increased to 23.7% from 17.1% in the prior year. Included in the gross profit margin in 2001 are $59.7 million of repositioning activity costs (see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Excluding these costs, gross profit margins increased to 23.7% from 21.5%. The increase reflects the benefits realized from improved manufacturing efficiencies, lower raw material costs and productivity gains associated with the repositioning efforts undertaken in the
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second half of 2001. These items more than offset reduced selling prices in Polymer Additives and Performance Chemicals.
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $9.5 million to $215.0 million. As a percent of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from 16.6% to 15.3%. These decreases reflect the benefits of repositioning efforts undertaken in the second half of 2001, as well as lower information technology and legal spending, which more than offset higher pension and insurance costs. Included in 2001 are $0.9 million of repositioning activity costs (see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Special charges of $5.1 million in 2002 reflect net adjustments to special charge activities recorded in 2001 based on changes in original estimates. The $148.6 million of special charges in 2001 reflects $153.6 million of charges recorded during 2001 for a series of cost reduction initiatives undertaken by the Company, offset by $3.5 million of reversals of special charges taken in the second quarter of 2001 and $1.5 million of reversals of special charges taken in 2000. The net of the 2002 and 2001 special charges and reversals are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations as a separate component of operating income.
Operating income (loss) was $111.2 million compared to $(141.4) million in the prior year. Included in operating income in 2002 are $5.1 million of special charges and $1.0 million of reversals of previously recorded repositioning items. Operating income in 2001 includes the effects of $209.7 million of special charges and other repositioning activities. Excluding the impact of special charges and repositioning items, operating income increased $47.0 million year over year. This increase reflects the higher sales volumes, productivity gains, lower raw material costs and the decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, all of which more that offset lower selling prices.
Interest income (expense) - net decreased $5.2 million to $(27.6) million in 2002 reflecting reduced net debt levels in the current year and the effects of an interest rate swap entered into during the first quarter of 2002, which reduced interest expense by $2.1 million in 2002.
Other income (expense) - net decreased $31.9 million from other expense - net of $(46.8) million in the prior year to $(14.9) million in 2002. Other income (expense) in 2002 includes $4.6 million of fixed asset write-downs net of a reversal of $(2.7) million for litigation and other settlements. Included in the fixed asset write-downs of $4.6 million is a $1.6 million impairment of the Water Treatment business unit's BioLab corporate facility as a part of a management plan to move to a leased facility in 2003. The existing facility was sold in January 2003. Other income (expense) in 2001 includes one-time charges of $33.8 million (s