UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO . |
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COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-26076
SINCLAIR BROADCAST GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| Maryland (State of incorporation) |
52-1494660 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
10706 Beaver Dam Road
Hunt Valley, MD 21030
(Address of principal executive offices)
(410) 568-1500
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act: None
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act:
Class A common stock, par value $.01 per share
Series D preferred stock, par value $.01 per share
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained in this report, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý
Based on the closing sales price of $9.83 per share as of February 14, 2003, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity of the Registrant held by non-affiliates was approximately $429.7 million.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 126-2 of the Act). Yes ý No o
Based on the closing price of $14.56 per share as June 28, 2002, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity of the registrant held by non-affiliates was $620.8 million.
As of February 14, 2003, there were 43,887,663 shares of class A common stock, $.01 par value; 41,705,678 shares of class B common stock $.01 par value, and 3,450,000 shares of series D preferred stock, $.01 par value, convertible into 7,561,644 shares of class A common stock at a conversion price of $22.813 per share, of the registrant issued and outstanding.
In addition, 2,000,000 shares of $200 million aggregate liquidation value of 11.625% High Yield Trust Offered Preferred Securities of Sinclair Capital, a subsidiary trust of Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc., are issued and outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the definitive proxy statement to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the 2003 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report includes or incorporates forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, including, among other things:
Other matters set forth in this report, including the risk factors set forth in Item 7 of this report, and/or in the documents incorporated by reference may also cause actual results in the future to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this report might not occur.
We are a diversified television broadcasting company that owns, provides programming and operating services pursuant to local marketing agreements (LMAs) or provides sales services pursuant to outsourcing agreements to more television stations than all but one other commercial broadcasting group in the United States. We currently own, provide programming and operating services pursuant to LMAs or provide sales services to 62 television stations in 39 markets and for purposes of this report, these 62 stations are referred to as "our" stations (or are similarly designated). We currently have duopolies, where we own and operate two stations, in ten markets; own and operate a station and provide programming and operating services to a second station in nine markets; own a station or stations and provide or are provided sales, operational and managerial services to another station in four markets.
We have a mid-size market focus and 47 of our 62 stations are located in television designated market areas (DMAs) that rank between the 13thand 75th largest in the United States. Our television station group is diverse in network affiliation with 20 stations affiliated with FOX, 19 with The WB, eight with ABC, six with UPN, four with NBC and three with CBS. Two stations are not affiliated with any network.
We underwent rapid and significant growth from 1991 to 2000, most of which occurred prior to the end of 1999. Since 1991, we have increased the number of television stations we own or provide services to from three television stations to 62 television stations. Prior to September 1999, we also
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owned, operated and/or programmed up to 52 radio stations in ten markets. We sold all of our interest in radio stations in 1999 and 2000.
In January 1999, we acquired approximately 35% of Acrodyne Communications, Inc. (Acrodyne), a publicly held company that manufactures UHF transmitters for the television industry. Along with this investment, Sinclair hired a team of highly qualified individuals to develop the next generation of UHF digital transmitters. We have assigned the rights to this technology to Acrodyne and they are manufacturing most of our digital transmitters. In January 2003, our ownership interest increased to 82.43% as a result of a restructuring of our investment in Acrodyne in which we forgave indebtedness of Acrodyne to us and invested an additional $1.0 million in Acrodyne.
In November 1999, we acquired an 82.5% equity interest in an entity that is now known as G1440 Holdings, Inc. (G1440) which has since grown to 89.6%. G1440 and its subsidiaries provide single-source, end-to-end e-Business solutions and a number of services and products, including a homebuilder application, an immigration tracking tool application, a syndicated television program management and scheduling application and a procurement application.
We are a Maryland corporation formed in 1986. Our principal offices are located at 10706 Beaver Dam Road, Hunt Valley, MD 21030. Our telephone number is (410) 568-1500 and our website address is www.sbgi.net.
TELEVISION BROADCASTING
Markets and Stations
We own and operate, provide programming services to, provide sales services to, or have agreed to acquire the following television stations:
| Market |
Market Rank (a) |
Stations |
Status(b) |
Channel |
Affiliation |
Number of Commercial Stations in the Market(c) |
Station Rank (d) |
Digital Broadcast Status(m) |
Expiration Date of FCC License |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tampa, Florida | 13 | WTTA | LMA | 38 | WB | 9 | 6 | D | 2/1/05 | |||||||||
| Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota | 14 | KMWB | O&O | 23 | WB | 7 | 6 | D | 4/1/06 | |||||||||
| Sacramento, California | 19 | KOVR | O&O | 13 | CBS | 6 | 2 | D | 12/1/06 | |||||||||
| Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | 21 | WPGH WCWB |
O&O O&O |
53 22 |
FOX WB |
7 | 4 5 |
D D |
8/1/07 8/1/07 |
|||||||||
| St. Louis, Missouri | 22 | KDNL | O&O | 30 | ABC | 5 | 5 | D | 2/1/06 | |||||||||
| Baltimore, Maryland | 24 | WBFF WNUV |
O&O LMA |
45 54 |
FOX WB |
6 | 4 5 |
D P |
10/1/04 10/1/04 |
|||||||||
| Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina | 29 | WLFL WRDC |
O&O O&O |
22 28 |
WB UPN |
7 | 6 4 |
D D |
12/1/04 12/1/04 |
|||||||||
| Nashville, Tennessee | 30 |
WZTV WUXP WNAB |
O&O O&O OSA(e) |
17 30 58 |
FOX UPN WB |
6 |
4 5 6 |
P D D |
8/1/05 8/1/05 8/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Milwaukee, Wisconsin | 31 | WCGV WVTV |
O&O O&O |
24 18 |
UPN WB |
7 | 4 6 |
P P |
12/1/05 12/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Cincinnati, Ohio | 32 | WSTR | O&O | 64 | WB | 6 | 5 | D | 10/1/05 | |||||||||
| Kansas City, Missouri | 33 | KSMO | O&O | 62 | WB | 7 | 5 | D | 2/1/06 | |||||||||
| Columbus, Ohio | 34 | WSYX WTTE |
O&O LMA |
6 28 |
ABC FOX |
5 | 3 4 |
D D |
10/1/05 10/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Asheville, North Carolina and Greenville/Spartanburg/ Anderson, South Carolina |
35 | WBSC WLOS |
LMA (f) O&O |
40 13 |
WB ABC |
7 | 5 3 |
D D |
12/1/04 12/1/04 |
|||||||||
| San Antonio, Texas | 37 | KABB KRRT |
O&O O&O |
29 35 |
FOX WB |
7 | 4 5 |
P P |
8/1/06 8/1/06 |
|||||||||
| Birmingham, Alabama | 40 |
WTTO WABM WDBB |
O&O O&O LMA (g) |
21 68 17 |
WB UPN WB |
7 |
5 6 5 |
D D D |
4/1/05 4/1/05 4/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Norfolk, Virginia | 41 | WTVZ | O&O | 33 | WB | 7 | 6 | D | 10/1/04 | |||||||||
| Buffalo, New York | 44 | WUTV WNYO |
O&O O&O |
29 49 |
FOX WB |
7 | 4 5 |
P P |
6/1/07 6/1/07 |
|||||||||
| Oklahoma City, Oklahoma | 45 | KOCB KOKH |
O&O O&O |
34 25 |
WB FOX |
8 | 5 4 |
D D |
6/1/06 6/1/06 |
|||||||||
| Greensboro/Winston-Salem/ Highpoint, North Carolina |
46 | WXLV WUPN |
O&O O&O |
45 48 |
ABC UPN |
7 | 4 6 |
D D |
12/1/04 12/1/04 |
|||||||||
| Las Vegas, Nevada | 52 | KVWB KFBT |
O&O O&O |
21 33 |
WB IND (h) |
7 | 5 7 |
D D |
10/1/06 10/1/06 |
|||||||||
| Dayton, Ohio | 58 | WKEF WRGT |
O&O LMA |
22 45 |
NBC FOX |
6 | 3 4 |
D P |
10/1/05 10/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Richmond, Virginia | 59 | WRLH | O&O | 35 | FOX | 5 | 4 | D | 10/1/04 |
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| Charleston and Huntington, West Virginia |
61 | WCHS WVAH |
O&O LMA |
8 11 |
ABC FOX |
5 | 2 4 |
D D |
10/1/04 10/1/04 |
|||||||||
| Mobile, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida |
62 | WEAR WFGX |
O&O LMA |
3 35 |
ABC IND (h) |
7 | 2 7 |
D P |
2/1/05 2/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Flint/Saginaw/Bay City, Michigan | 64 | WSMH | O&O | 66 | FOX | 4 | 4 | P | 10/1/05 | |||||||||
| Lexington, Kentucky | 65 | WDKY | O&O | 56 | FOX | 5 | 4 | D | 8/1/05 | |||||||||
| Des Moines, Iowa | 72 | KDSM | O&O | 17 | FOX | 5 | 4 | D | 2/1/06 | |||||||||
| Cape Girardeau, Missouri/ Paducah, Kentucky |
75 | KBSI WDKA |
O&O LMA |
23 49 |
FOX WB |
5 | 4 5 |
D D |
2/1/06 8/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Portland, Maine | 76 | WGME | O&O | 13 | CBS | 5 | 2 | D | 4/1/07 | |||||||||
| Rochester, New York | 77 | WUHF | O&O | 31 | FOX | 5 | 4 | P | 6/1/07 | |||||||||
| Syracuse, New York | 80 | WSYT WNYS |
O&O LMA |
68 43 |
FOX WB |
5 | 4 5 |
D P |
6/1/07 6/1/07 |
|||||||||
| Springfield/Champaign, Illinois | 82 | WICS WICD |
O&O O&O |
20 15 |
NBC NBC |
5 | 2 2 (i) |
D D |
12/1/05 12/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Madison, Wisconsin | 86 | WMSN | O&O | 47 | FOX | 5 | 4 | D | 12/1/05 | |||||||||
| Cedar Rapids, Iowa | 88 | KGAN | O&O(j) | 2 | CBS | 5 | 3 | D | 2/1/06 | |||||||||
| Tri-Cities, Tennessee | 90 | WEMT | O&O | 39 | FOX | 6 | 4 | D | 8/1/05 | |||||||||
| Charleston, South Carolina | 105 | WMMP WTAT |
O&O LMA |
36 24 |
UPN FOX |
5 | 5 4 |
D D |
12/1/04 12/1/04 |
|||||||||
| Springfield, Massachusetts | 106 | WGGB | O&O | 40 | ABC | 2 | 2 | D | 4/1/07 | |||||||||
| Tallahassee, Florida | 107 | WTWC WTXL |
O&O OSA(k) |
40 27 |
NBC ABC |
5 | 3 2 |
D P |
2/1/05 2/1/05 |
|||||||||
| Peoria/Bloomington, Illinois | 117 | WYZZ | O&O(l) | 43 | FOX | 5 | 4 | D | 12/1/05 |
Operating Strategy
Our operating strategy includes the following elements:
Programming to Attract Viewership. We seek to target our programming offerings to attract viewership, particularly in the 18 to 49 year-old age bracket. In pursuit of this strategy we seek to obtain, at attractive prices, popular syndicated programming that is complementary to each station's network programming. We also seek to broadcast live local sporting events. Moreover, we produce and/or broadcast local news at 31 of our television stations in 26 separate markets. We have recently instituted a project to increase, in a cost-effective manner, local news programming at many of our
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stations by using a central support operation which provides national and regional news coverage in coordination with local news operations. Our programming strategy on our FOX, WB, UPN and independent stations also includes "counter programming," which consists of broadcasting programs that are alternatives to the types of programs being shown concurrently on competing stations.
Developing Local Franchises. We believe that the greatest opportunity for a sustainable and growing customer base lies within our local communities. We have therefore focused on developing a strong local sales force at each of our television stations. For the year ended December 31, 2002, 57.6% of our time sales, excluding political advertising revenue, were local. Our goal is to continue to grow our share of local revenues.
Control of Operating and Programming Costs. By employing a disciplined approach to managing programming acquisition and other costs, we have been able to achieve operating margins that we believe are among the highest in the television broadcast industry. We believe our national reach of approximately 24% of the country provides us with a strong position to negotiate with programming providers and, as a result, the opportunity to purchase high quality programming at more favorable prices. Moreover, we emphasize control of each of our stations' programming and operating costs through program-specific profit analysis, detailed budgeting, tight control over staffing levels and detailed long-term planning models.
Utilization of Local Marketing Agreements and Duopolies. We have sought to increase our revenues and improve our margins by providing programming services pursuant to an LMA to a second station in selected DMAs where we already own one station or by owning two stations in a single DMA. We believe that we can attain growth in operating cash flow through the utilization of such duopolies. Duopolies allow us to improve our competitive position with respect to a demographic sector and to realize significant economies of scale in marketing, programming, overhead and capital expenditures. We also believe that these arrangements assist stations whose operations may have been marginally profitable to continue to air popular programming and contribute to diversity of programming in their respective DMAs. As a result of the FCC's revision of its duopoly rules to permit the ownership of up to two television stations in a DMA under certain circumstances, we have acquired several stations that we had been programming pursuant to LMAs. We own duopolies in ten markets and operate a second station pursuant to an LMA in nine markets. We currently are permitted under FCC guidelines to establish new duopolies in the Minneapolis, Tampa, and Sacramento markets, if suitable acquisitions can be identified and negotiated under acceptable terms. In certain markets where we currently program stations pursuant to LMAs, the duopoly rules would prevent us from continuing the LMA. We challenged the application of these rules to our stations in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. The Court held that parts of the television duopoly rule were arbitrary and capricious and remanded the rule to the FCC for further consideration. The FCC has commenced a broad-based rulemaking proceeding to review all the broadcast multiple ownership rules. See "Risk FactorsThe FCC's ownership restrictions limit our ability to operate multiple television stations, and changes in these rules may threaten our existing strategic approach to certain television markets."
Use of Outsourcing Agreements. In addition to our LMAs and duopolies, we have entered into four (and intend to seek opportunities for additional) outsourcing agreements in which our stations provide or are provided various non-programming related services such as sales, operational and managerial services to or by other stations. Pursuant to these agreements, our stations currently provide services to other stations in Tallahassee, Florida and Nashville, Tennessee and other parties provide services to our stations in Peoria/Bloomington, Illinois and in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. We believe this structure will allow stations to achieve operational efficiencies and economies of scale, which should otherwise improve broadcast cash flow and competitive positions. We will continue to seek additional opportunities for entering into outsourcing agreements in the future.
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Strategic Realignment of Station Portfolio. In anticipation of the possibility of deregulation of the television ownership rules, including changes in the national ownership cap, the duopoly "eight voices test", and newspaper/television cross-ownership rules as well as the recent court decision vacating the cable/television cross-ownership rules, we are re-examining our television station group portfolio. Our objective is to build our local franchises in the markets we deem strategic and to divest or swap our non-strategic stations. In order to achieve our objective and to prepare us for the expected rule changes, we have retained Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. to review our television station group make-up, advise us on market opportunities which could strengthen our competitive position, make recommendations on markets we should exit, if any, and bring together potential sellers and buyers. In connection with this process, we routinely review and conduct investigations of potential television station acquisitions, dispositions and station swaps. At any given time, we may be in discussions with one or more station owners. On July 24, 2002, we completed the sale of the television station WTTV-TV in Bloomington, Indiana and its satellite station, WTTK-TV in Kokomo, Indiana to a third party. We previously entered into an agreement with a third party to purchase certain non-license television broadcast assets of WNAB-TV in Nashville, Tennsessee. We have made a non-refundable deposit against the purchase price of the put or call option on such non-license assets in return for a reduction in the monthly fees we pay pursuant to our outsourcing agreement with the third party owner of WNAB-TV. We are also providing a financial incentive in the form of broadcast cash flow sharing with the third party owner. At this time, we have not otherwise entered into any agreements or understandings with respect to any transaction and there can be no assurance that any transactions will be completed. See "Risk FactorsThe FCC's ownership restrictions limit our ability to operate multiple television stations, and changes in these rules may threaten our existing strategic approach to certain television markets."
Local News. We believe that the production and broadcasting of local news is an important link to the community and an aid to the station's efforts to expand its viewership. In addition, local news programming can provide access to advertising sources targeted specifically to local news viewers. We carefully assess the anticipated benefits and costs of producing local news prior to introduction at one of our stations because a significant investment in capital equipment is required and substantial operating expenses are incurred in introducing, developing and producing local news programming. We provide news programming wherever it is cost effective and seek to make it cost effective through the news central format. We also continuously review the performance of our existing news operations to make sure that they are economically viable. We currently provide local news programming at 31 of the television stations we own and/or program located in 26 separate markets. We can produce news programming in these markets at relatively low cost per hour of programming and the programming serves the local community by providing additional news outlets in these markets, some of which are broadcast at different times. We have recently instituted a project to increase, in a cost-effective manner, local news programming at many of our stations by using a central support operation which provides national and regional news coverage in coordination with local news operations. In October 2002, we added news programming at our station WSMH-TV in Flint, Michigan and on February 3, 2003, we added an 11:00 p.m. local newscast on our Baltimore station, WBFF-TV, both utilizing the centralized news format.
Popular Sporting Events. Our WB and UPN affiliated and independent stations generally face fewer restrictions on broadcasting live local sporting events than do their competitors that are affiliates of FOX, ABC, NBC and CBS, which are required to broadcast a greater number of hours of programming supplied by the networks. At some of our stations we have been able to acquire the local television broadcast rights for certain sporting events, including NBA basketball, Major League Baseball, NFL football, NHL hockey, ACC basketball, Big Ten football and basketball, and SEC football. We seek to expand our sports broadcasting in DMAs only as profitable opportunities arise. In addition, our stations that are affiliated with FOX, ABC, NBC and CBS broadcast certain Major
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League Baseball games, NFL football games and NHL hockey games as well as other popular sporting events.
Attract and Retain High Quality Management. We believe that much of our success is due to our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and motivated managers at both the corporate and local station levels. A significant portion of the compensation available to group general managers, sales managers and other station managers is based on their exceeding certain operating results. We also provide some of our corporate and station managers with deferred compensation plans offering options to acquire class A common stock.
Community Involvement. Each of our stations actively participates in various community activities and offers many community services. Our activities include broadcasting programming of local interest and sponsorship of community and charitable events. We also encourage our station employees to become active members of their communities and to promote involvement in community and charitable affairs. We believe that active community involvement by our stations provides our stations with increased exposure in their respective DMAs and ultimately increases viewership and advertising support.
Investment Strategy
Internet. Although we have continued to see a dramatic decrease in the value of Internet-related and wireless businesses that began in 2000, we continue to explore opportunities for television broadcasters to work with these businesses to increase their profitability and to use the resources of the Internet and wireless outlets to enhance the offerings and value of our broadcast stations. Currently we hold an 89.6% equity interest in G1440 which is a single-source, end-to-end eBusiness solutions provider engaged in developing, and providing web-based applications. The accounts of G1440 are included in our consolidated financial statements. G1440 provides a variety of services and products which include a homebuilder application, an immigration tracking tool application, a syndicated television program management and scheduling application, and a procurement application.
In furtherance of our Internet strategy, we routinely review and conduct investigations of potential Internet-related and wireless opportunities. When we believe a favorable opportunity exists, we seek to enter into discussions with the owners of Internet-related and wireless businesses regarding the possibility of an acquisition, equity investment or barter transaction. At any given time, we may be in discussions with one or more parties. We cannot be assured that any of these or other negotiations will lead to definitive agreements or, if agreements were reached, that any transactions would be consummated and completed.
Summa Holdings, Ltd. On December 30, 2002 we invested $20 million in Summa Holdings, Ltd. (Summa) resulting in a 17.5% equity interest. Summa is a holding company which owns automobile dealerships, retail tire franchises and a leasing company. David D. Smith, our President and Chief Executive Officer has a controlling interest in Summa and is on the Board of Directors. We will have significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Summa by holding a board seat (in addition to the board seat held by David D. Smith); therefore we will account for this investment under the equity method of accounting.
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LMA Acquisitions. In January 2002 we acquired the licenses and related assets of a number of stations which we had previously been programming pursuant to LMAs. These acquisitions and the prices paid for the licenses and related assets were as follows:
Cunningham/WPTT, Inc. Acquisition
On November 15, 1999, SBG entered into an agreement to purchase substantially all of the assets of television station WCWB-TV, Channel 22, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with the owner of that television station WPTT, Inc. In December 2001, we received FCC approval and on January 7, 2002, we closed on the purchase of the FCC license and related assets of WCWB-TV for a purchase price of $18.8 million.
On November 15, 1999, we entered into five separate plans and agreements of merger, pursuant to which we would acquire through merger with subsidiaries of Cunningham Broadcasting Corporation (Cunningham), (formerly Glencairn, Ltd.), television broadcast stations WABM-TV, Birmingham, Alabama, KRRT-TV, San Antonio, Texas, WVTV-TV, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WRDC-TV, Raleigh, North Carolina, and WBSC-TV (formerly WFBC-TV), Anderson, South Carolina. The consideration for these mergers was the issuance to Cunningham of shares of Class A common voting stock of Sinclair. The total value of the shares that were issued in consideration for all the mergers was $7.7 million. In December 2001, we received FCC approval on all the transactions except for WBSC-TV (see below). Accordingly, on February 1, 2002, we closed on the purchase of the FCC license and related assets of WABM-TV, KRRT-TV, WVTV-TV and WRDC-TV.
WBSC LMA. The license assets of WBSC-TV Greenville/Spartansburg/Anderson, South Carolina, are currently owned by Cunningham and we intend to acquire these assets upon FCC approval. The FCC recently denied our application to acquire the license for this station based on the "eight voices test" and we have filed a motion for reconsideration of that decision.
Mission Acquisition
Pursuant to our merger with Sullivan Broadcast Holdings, Inc. which was effective July 1, 1998, we acquired options to acquire television broadcast station WUXP-TV in Nashville, Tennessee from Mission Broadcasting I, Inc. and television broadcast station WUPN-TV in Greensboro, North Carolina from Mission Broadcasting II, Inc. On November 15, 1999, we exercised our options to acquire both of the foregoing stations. In December 2001, we received FCC approval and in January 2002, we closed on the purchase of the FCC licenses and related assets of WUXP-TV and WUPN-TV for the assumption of notes aggregating $4.2 million and $0.1 million of cash. Prior to closing, we programmed these stations pursuant to an LMA.
Sullivan Acquisition
In December 2001, we received FCC approval to acquire 100% of the stock of Sullivan Broadcasting Company II, Inc. and Sullivan Broadcasting Company IV, Inc. which, in the aggregate, owned the FCC license and related assets of six television stations. In January 2002, we completed the purchase of the FCC license and related assets of WZTV-TV, WUTV-TV, WXLV-TV, WRLH-TV, WMSN-TV and KOKH-TV. Prior to closing, we programmed these stations pursuant to LMAs. As consideration for the purchase of the FCC license and related assets of KOKH, we eliminated a note receivable due from Sullivan IV in the amount of principal and interest of $16.6 million.
WUHF Acquisition
On April 30, 2002, we acquired the FCC license and related assets of WUHF-TV in Rochester, New York from BS&L Broadcasting, Inc. (BS&L). As consideration for the purchase of the FCC
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license and related assets, we forgave a note receivable from BS&L in the amount of $22.0 million. Prior to the completion of the acquisition, we programmed WUHF-TV pursuant to an LMA.
WNYO Acquisition
In August 2000, we entered into an agreement to purchase the stock of Grant Television, the owner of WNYO-TV in Buffalo, New York, for a purchase price of $51.5 million. In October 2000, we completed the stock acquisition of Grant, obtaining the non-license assets of WNYO-TV and began programming the television station under a local marketing agreement. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting whereby the purchase price was allocated to property and programming assets, acquired intangible broadcast assets and other intangible assets for $2.9 million, $3.9 million and $39.8 million, respectively. In December 2001, we received FCC approval and on January 25, 2002, we completed the purchase of the FCC license and related assets of WNYO-TV for a purchase price of $3.2 million in cash and the assumption of a note payable of $3.5 million.
Other
In January 2002, the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition filed with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit a Notice of Appeal of the FCC's Memorandum Opinion and Order approving certain of the acquisitions described above. The stations affected by the Notice of Appeal are WNUV-TV, WTTE-TV, WRGT-TV, WTAT-TV, WVAH-TV, KOKH-TV, KRRT-TV, WVTV-TV, WRDC-TV, WABM-TV, WBSC-TV, WCWB-TV, WLOS-TV and KABB-TV. Oral arguments in this matter are scheduled for the first quarter of 2003.
WTTV Disposition
On April 18, 2002, we entered into an agreement to sell the television station of WTTV-TV in Bloomington, Indiana and its satellite station, WTTK-TV in Kokomo, Indiana (collectively referred to as WTTV-TV) to a third party. On July 24, 2002, WTTV-TV had net assets and liabilities held for sale of $108.8 million, and we completed such sale for $124.5 million and recognized a gain, net of taxes, of $7.5 million, which was used to pay down indebtedness. The operating results of WTTV-TV are not included in our consolidated results from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000.
FEDERAL REGULATION OF TELEVISION BROADCASTING
The ownership, operation and sale of television stations are subject to the jurisdiction of the FCC, which acts under authority granted by the Communications Act of 1934, as amended ("Communications Act"). Among other things, the FCC assigns frequency bands for broadcasting; determines the particular frequencies, locations and operating power of stations; issues, renews, revokes and modifies station licenses; regulates equipment used by stations; adopts and implements regulations and policies that directly or indirectly affect the ownership, operation and employment practices of stations; and has the power to impose penalties for violations of its rules or the Communications Act.
The following is a brief summary of certain provisions of the Communications Act, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ("the 1996 Act") and specific FCC regulations and policies. Reference should be made to the Communications Act, the 1996 Act, FCC rules and the public notices and rulings of the FCC for further information concerning the nature and extent of federal regulation of broadcast stations.
License Grant and Renewal
Television stations operate pursuant to broadcasting licenses that are granted by the FCC for maximum terms of eight years and are subject to renewal upon application to the FCC. During certain
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periods when renewal applications are pending, petitions to deny license renewals can be filed by interested parties, including members of the public. The FCC will generally grant a renewal application if it finds:
All of the stations that we currently own and operate or provide programming services to pursuant to LMAs, are presently operating under regular licenses, which expire as to each station on the dates set forth under "Television Broadcasting" above. Although renewal of a license is granted in the vast majority of cases even when petitions to deny are filed, there can be no assurance that the license of any station will be renewed.
Ownership Matters
General. The Communications Act prohibits the assignment of a broadcast license or the transfer of control of a broadcast license without the prior approval of the FCC. In determining whether to permit the assignment or transfer of control of, or the grant or renewal of, a broadcast license, the FCC considers a number of factors pertaining to the licensee, including compliance with various rules limiting common ownership of media properties, the "character" of the licensee and those persons holding "attributable" interests in that licensee, and compliance with the Communications Act's limitations on alien ownership.
To obtain the FCC's prior consent to assign a broadcast license or transfer control of a broadcast license, appropriate applications must be filed with the FCC. If the application involves a "substantial change" in ownership or control, the application must be placed on public notice for a period of approximately 30 days during which petitions to deny the application may be filed by interested parties, including members of the public. If the application does not involve a "substantial change" in ownership or control, it is a "pro forma" application. The "pro forma" application is not subject to petitions to deny or a mandatory waiting period, but is nevertheless subject to having informal objections filed against it. If the FCC grants an assignment or transfer application, interested parties have approximately 30 days from public notice of the grant to seek reconsideration or review of the grant. Generally, parties that do not file initial petitions to deny or informal objections against the application face difficulty in seeking reconsideration or review of the grant. The FCC normally has approximately an additional 10 days to set aside such grant on its own motion. When passing on an assignment or transfer application, the FCC is prohibited from considering whether the public interest might be served by an assignment or transfer to any party other than the assignee or transferee specified in the application.
The FCC generally applies its ownership limits to "attributable" interests held by an individual, corporation, partnership or other association. In the case of corporations holding, or through subsidiaries controlling, broadcast licenses, the interests of officers, directors and those who, directly or indirectly, have the right to vote 5% or more of the corporation's stock (or 20% or more of such stock in the case of insurance companies, investment companies and bank trust departments that are passive investors) are generally attributable. In August 1999, the FCC revised its attribution and multiple ownership rules, and adopted the equity-debt-plus rule that causes certain creditors or investors to be attributable owners of a station. Under this rule, a major programming supplier (any programming supplier that provides more than 15% of the station's weekly programming hours) or same-market media entity will be an attributable owner of a station if the supplier or same-market media entity holds debt or equity, or both, in the station that is greater than 33% of the value of the station's total
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debt plus equity. For purposes of this rule, equity includes all stock, whether voting or non-voting, and equity held by insulated limited partners in partnerships. Debt includes all liabilities whether long-term or short-term. In addition, under the 1999 ownership rules, LMAs are attributable where a licensee owns a television station and programs a television station in the same market.
The Communications Act prohibits the issuance of broadcast licenses to, or the holding of a broadcast license by, any corporation of which more than 20% of the capital stock is owned of record or voted by non-U.S. citizens or their representatives or by a foreign government or a representative thereof, or by any corporation organized under the laws of a foreign country (collectively, aliens). The Communications Act also authorizes the FCC, if the FCC determines that it would be in the public interest, to prohibit the issuance of a broadcast license to, or the holding of a broadcast license by, any corporation directly or indirectly controlled by any other corporation of which more than 25% of the capital stock is owned of record or voted by aliens. The FCC has issued interpretations of existing law under which these restrictions in modified form apply to other forms of business organizations, including partnerships.
As a result of these provisions, the licenses granted to our subsidiaries by the FCC could be revoked if, among other restrictions imposed by the FCC, more than 25% of our stock were directly or indirectly owned or voted by aliens. Sinclair and its subsidiaries are domestic corporations, and the members of the Smith family (who together hold over 90% of the common voting rights of Sinclair) are all United States citizens. The amended and restated Articles of Incorporation of Sinclair ("the amended certificate") contain limitations on alien ownership and control that are substantially similar to those contained in the Communications Act. Pursuant to the amended certificate, Sinclair has the right to repurchase alien-owned shares at their fair market value to the extent necessary, in the judgment of its board of directors, to comply with the alien ownership restrictions.
Radio/Television Cross-Ownership Rule. The FCC's radio/television cross-ownership rule (the "one to a market" rule) generally permits a party to own a combination of up to two television stations and six radio stations in the same market depending on the number of independent media voices in the market.
Broadcast/Daily Newspaper Cross-Ownership Rule. The FCC's rules prohibit the common ownership of a radio or television broadcast station and a daily newspaper in the same market.
Dual Network Rule. The four major television networks, ABC, CBS, NBC and FOX, are prohibited, absent a waiver, from merging with each other. In May 2001, the FCC amended its dual network rule to permit the four major television networks to own, operate, maintain or control the UPN and/or The WB television network.
National Ownership Rule. No individual or entity may have an attributable interest in television stations reaching more than 35% of the national television viewing audience. In February 2002, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit remanded to the FCC its decision not to alter this rule. Under this rule, which currently remains in effect pending the FCC's review thereof as mandated by the court, where an individual or entity has an attributable interest in more than one television station in a market, the percentage of the national television viewing audience encompassed within that market is only counted once. Since, historically, VHF stations have shared a larger portion of the market than UHF stations, only half of the households in the market area of any UHF station are included when calculating whether an entity or individual owns television stations reaching more than 35% of the national television viewing audience (commonly referred to as the "UHF discount"). All but eight of the stations owned and operated by us, or to which we provide programming services, are UHF. We reach approximately 24% of U.S. television households or 14% taking into account the FCC's UHF discount.
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Local Television (Duopoly) Rule. A party may own two television stations in adjoining markets, even if there is Grade B overlap between the two stations' signals, and generally may own two stations in the same market:
In addition, a party may request a waiver of the rule to acquire a second station in the market if the station to be acquired is economically distressed or not yet constructed and there is no party who does not own a local television station who would purchase the station for a reasonable price. In April 2002, the D.C. Circuit held that the eight voices test of the duopoly rules was arbitrary and capricious and remanded the rules to the FCC for further consideration.
In September 2002, the FCC commenced a broad-based rulemaking proceeding to review all of its broadcast multiple ownership rules. The FCC has publicly stated that it intends to conclude this proceeding in the spring of 2003.
Antitrust Regulation. The Department of Justice ("DOJ") and the Federal Trade Commission have increased their scrutiny of the television industry since the adoption of the 1996 Act, and have reviewed matters related to the concentration of ownership within markets (including LMAs) even when the ownership or LMA in question is permitted under the laws administered by the FCC or by FCC rules and regulations. The DOJ takes the position that an LMA entered into in anticipation of a station's acquisition with the proposed buyer of the station constitutes a change in beneficial ownership of the station which, if subject to filing under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Anti Trust Improvements Act ("HSR") Act, cannot be implemented until the waiting period required by that statute has ended or been terminated.
Expansion of our broadcast operations on both a local and national level will continue to be subject to the FCC's ownership rules and any changes the FCC or Congress may adopt. Concomitantly, any further relaxation of the FCC's ownership rules may increase the level of competition in one or more of the markets in which our stations are located, more specifically to the extent that any of our competitors may have greater resources and thereby be in a superior position to take advantage of such changes.
Local Marketing Agreements
A number of television stations, including certain of our stations, have entered into what have commonly been referred to as local marketing agreements or LMAs. While these agreements may take varying forms, one typical type of LMA is a programming agreement between two separately owned television stations serving a common service area, whereby the licensee of one station programs substantial portions of the broadcast day and sells advertising time during such program segments on the other licensee's station subject to ultimate editorial and other controls being exercised by the latter licensee. The licensee of the station which is being substantially programmed by another entity must maintain complete responsibility for and control over the programming, financing, personnel and operations of its broadcast station and is responsible for compliance with applicable FCC rules and policies.
In the past, a licensee could own one station and program and provide other services to another station pursuant to an LMA in the same market because LMAs were not considered attributable interests. However, under the duopoly rules adopted in August 1999, LMAs are attributable where a licensee owns a television station and programs more than 15% of the weekly broadcast time of another television station in the same market. The rules provide that LMAs entered into on or after
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November 5, 1996 had until August 5, 2001 to come into compliance with the 1999 duopoly rules. LMAs entered into before November 5, 1996 are grandfathered until the conclusion of the FCC's 2004 biennial review. In certain cases, parties with grandfathered LMAs, may be able to rely on the circumstances at the time the LMA was entered into in advancing any proposal for co-ownership of the station. We acquired 15 of the stations we had been programming pursuant to LMA's. We currently program 11 television stations pursuant to LMAs. Of these 11 stations, three of the LMAs are not subject to divestiture because they involve stations which we could own under the 1999 duopoly rules, but either have decided not to acquire at this time or have no right to acquire, four LMAs (including an LMA with a station we have filed an application to acquire) were entered into before November 5, 1996, and four LMAs were entered into on or after November 5, 1996 (although we believe a valid position exists that one of these four LMAs was effectively entered into prior to November 5, 1996). We filed a Petition for Review of the Report and Order adopting the 1999 duopoly rules in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. In June 2001, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit granted our motion for stay of the requirement that we divest the four LMAs entered into on or after November 5, 1996 by August 5, 2001, which stay is still pending. In April 2002, the Court held that the eight voices test of the duopoly rules was arbitrary and capricious and remanded the rules to the FCC for further consideration. The FCC has commended a broad based rule making proceeding to review all of its multiple ownership rules. We expect revised rules to be adopted by the FCC in 2003.
In December 2001 the FCC issued a decision which, among other things, granted a number of Sinclair and Cunningham applications and dismissed our application to acquire the license of one of the stations (WBSC-TV) we program pursuant to a pre-November 5, 1996 LMA as not meeting the requirements for ownership under the new duopoly rules. We have filed a motion for reconsideration of the dismissal. In January 2002, the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition filed with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit an appeal of the FCC's decision. The stations affected by the Notice of Appeals are WNUV-TV, WTTE-TV, WRGT-TV, WTAT-TV, WVAH-TV, KOKH-TV, KRRT-TV, WVTV-TV, WRDC-TV, WABM-TV, WBSC-TV, WCWB-TV, WLOS-TV and KABB-TV. Oral arguments in this matter are scheduled for the first quarter of 2003. Although we do not expect to lose these licenses as a result of these proceedings, we can provide you no assurance as to the outcome of the appeal.
The Satellite Home Viewer Act ("SHVA")
In 1988, Congress enacted SHVA which enabled satellite carriers to provide broadcast programming to those satellite subscribers who were unable to obtain broadcast network programming over-the-air. SHVA did not permit satellite carriers to retransmit local broadcast television signals directly to their subscribers. The Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999 ("SHVIA") revised SHVA to reflect changes in the satellite and broadcasting industry. This legislation allows satellite carriers to provide local television signals by satellite within a station market, and effective January 1, 2002, required satellite carriers to carry all local signals in any market where it carries any local signals. On or before July 1, 2001, SHVIA required all television stations to elect to exercise certain "must carry" or "retransmission consent" rights in connection with their carriage by satellite carriers. We have entered into agreements granting the two primary satellite carriers retransmission consent to carry all of our stations.
Must-Carry/Retransmission Consent
Pursuant to the Cable Act of 1992, television broadcasters are required to make triennial elections to exercise either certain "must-carry" or "retransmission consent" rights in connection with their carriage by cable systems in each broadcaster's local market. By electing the must-carry rights, a broadcaster demands carriage on a specified channel on cable systems within its Designated Market
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Area, in general as defined by the Nielsen DMA Market and Demographic Rank Report of the prior year. These must-carry rights are not absolute, and their exercise is dependent on variables such as:
Therefore, under certain circumstances, a cable system may decline to carry a given station. Alternatively, if a broadcaster chooses to exercise retransmission consent rights, it can prohibit cable systems from carrying its signal or grant the appropriate cable system the authority to retransmit the broadcast signal for a fee or other consideration. In October 2002, we elected must-carry or retransmission consent with respect to each of our stations based on our evaluation of the respective markets and the position of our owned or programmed station(s) within the market. Our stations continue to be carried on all pertinent cable systems, and we do not believe that our elections have resulted in the shifting of our stations to less desirable cable channel locations. Many of the agreements we have negotiated for cable carriage are short term, subject to month-to-month extensions.
The FCC recently determined not to apply must-carry rules to require cable companies to carry both the analog and digital signals of local broadcasters during the DTV transition period between 2002 and 2006 when television stations will be broadcasting both signals. As a result of this decision by the FCC, cable customers in our broadcast markets may not receive the station's digital signal.
Syndicated Exclusivity/Territorial Exclusivity
The FCC's syndicated exclusivity rules allow local broadcast television stations to demand that cable operators black out syndicated non-network programming carried on "distant signals" (i.e., signals of broadcast stations, including so-called "superstations," which serve areas substantially removed from the cable system's local community). The FCC's network non-duplication rules allow local broadcast network television affiliates to require that cable operators black out duplicating network programming carried on distant signals. However, in a number of markets in which we own or program stations affiliated with a network, a station that is affiliated with the same network in a nearby market is carried on cable systems in our market. This is not necessarily in violation of the FCC's network non-duplication rules. However, the carriage of two network stations on the same cable system could result in a decline of viewership adversely affecting the revenues of our owned or programmed stations. The FCC recently announced that stations need only broadcast on their digital channel during primetime hours and need only cover their community of license during the DTV transition period.
Digital Television
The FCC has taken a number of steps to implement digital television ("DTV") broadcasting services. The FCC has adopted an allotment table that provides all authorized television stations with a second channel on which to broadcast a DTV signal. The FCC has attempted to provide DTV coverage areas that are comparable to stations' existing service areas. The FCC has ruled that television broadcast licensees may use their digital channels for a wide variety of services such as high-definition television, multiple standard definition television programming, audio, data, and other types of communications, subject to the requirement that each broadcaster provide at least one free video channel equal in quality to the current technical standard and further subject to the requirement that broadcasters pay a fee of 5% of gross revenues on all DTV subscription services.
DTV channels are generally located in the range of channels from channel 2 through channel 51. The FCC required that affiliates of ABC, CBS, FOX and NBC in the top 10 television markets begin digital broadcasting by May 1, 1999 and that affiliates of these networks in markets 11 through 30 begin digital broadcasting by November 1999. All other commercial stations were required to begin digital broadcasting by May 1, 2002.
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Of the television stations that we own and operate, as of February 24, 2003, five are operating at their full DTV power and thirty-five are operating their DTV facilities at low power as permitted by the FCC pursuant to special temporary authority. Six stations have applications for digital construction permits pending before the FCC, including one of the stations which is operating at low power. Three stations have received extensions of their digital construction permits because equipment deliveries have delayed completion of construction and one station has recently received its DTV permit. Of the Cunningham stations we LMA, four stations are operating their DTV facilities at low power pursuant to special temporary authority, one station has a DTV construction permit that does not expire until November 2003, and one station has a pending DTV application. Of the other LMA stations, WTTA and WDBB are operating at low power pursuant to special temporary authority, WDKA has been granted special temporary authority to operate at low power, WFGX has received an extension of time to construct its digital facility pending FCC action on a petition for rulemaking that it filed requesting a substitute DTV channel, and WNYS has a digital application pending.
On May 24, 2002, the FCC issued an Order and Notice of Proposed Rule Making which proposes a series of graduated sanctions to be imposed upon licensees who do not meet the FCC's DTV build-out schedule. If the rules are adopted, the stations could face monetary fines and possible loss of any digital construction permits that are not in compliance with the schedule announced in the rules. After completion of the transition period, the FCC will reclaim the non-digital channels. The FCC's plan calls for the DTV transition period to end December 31, 2006, at which time the FCC expects that television broadcasters will cease non-digital broadcasting and return one of their two channels to the government, allowing that spectrum to be recovered for other uses. During the transition period, each existing analog television station will be permitted to operate a second station that will broadcast using the digital standard.
The FCC has been authorized by Congress to extend the 2006 deadline for reclamation of a television station's non-digital channel if, in any given case:
On January 27, 2003, the FCC initiated its second periodic review of its rules on the conversion to digital television, releasing a notice of proposed rulemaking. The notice invited comments on the difficulties broadcasters face in building their DTV stations and on the interpretation of the statutory language concerning the 2006 deadline.
Congress directed the FCC to begin auctioning analog channels 60-69 in 2001 even though the FCC is not to reclaim them until 2006. The channel 60-69 auction has been delayed and is currently scheduled to be held in 2003. Congress further permitted broadcasters to bid on the non-digital channels in cities with populations over 400,000. If the channels are owned by our competitors, they may exert increased competitive pressure on our operations. In addition, the FCC released a Report and Order on January 18, 2002, reallocating the 698-746 MHz spectrum band, currently comprising television channels 52-59, to permit both wireless services and certain new broadcast operations. The FCC completed an auction of this spectrum on September 18, 2002. Analog broadcasters are required to cease operation on this spectrum by the end of 2006 unless the FCC extends the end of the digital
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transition period. The FCC envisions that this band will be used for a variety of wireless and broadcast-type applications including two-way interactive services and services using COFDM technology. We cannot predict how the development of this spectrum will affect Sinclair's television operations.
Implementation of digital television has imposed substantial additional costs on television stations because of the need to replace equipment and because some stations will need to operate at higher utility costs. There can be no assurance that our television stations will be able to increase revenue to offset such costs. In addition the FCC has proposed imposing new public interest requirements on television licensees in exchange for their receipt of DTV channels.
Restrictions on Broadcast Advertising
Advertising of cigarettes and certain other tobacco products on broadcast stations has been banned for many years. Various states also restrict the advertising of alcoholic beverages and certain members of Congress are currently contemplating legislation to place restrictions on the advertisement of such alcoholic beverage products. FCC rules also restrict the amount and type of advertising which can appear in programming broadcast primarily for an audience of children twelve years old and younger.
The Communications Act and FCC rules also place restrictions on the broadcasting of advertisements by legally qualified candidates for elective office. Among other things,
We cannot predict the effect of legislation on our station's advertising revenues. During March 2002, legislation passed in Congress and was signed into law by the President that revised the laws regarding the rates charged by television stations to legally qualified candidates for office and the rules regarding "soft money" advertising and advocacy advertising by labor unions and corporations. Immediately upon passage, a constitutional challenge was filed.
Programming and Operation
General. The Communications Act requires broadcasters to serve the "public interest." The FCC has relaxed or eliminated many of the more formalized procedures it had developed in the past to promote the broadcast of certain types of programming responsive to the needs of a station's community of license. FCC licensees continue to be required, however, to present programming that is responsive to the needs and interests of their communities, and to maintain certain records demonstrating such responsiveness. Complaints from viewers concerning a station's programming may be considered by the FCC when it evaluates renewal applications of a licensee, although such complaints may be filed at any time and generally may be considered by the FCC at any time. Stations also must pay regulatory and application fees, and follow various rules promulgated under the Communications Act that regulate, among other things, political advertising, sponsorship identifications, obscene and indecent broadcasts, and technical operations, including limits on radio frequency radiation.
Equal Employment Opportunity. On November 20, 2002, the FCC adopted new rules requiring licensees to create equal employment opportunity outreach programs and maintain records and make
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filings with the FCC evidencing such efforts. The FCC simultaneously released a notice of proposed rulemaking seeking comments on whether and how to apply the new rules and policies to part-time positions, defined as less than 30 hours per week.
Children's Television Programming. Television stations are required to broadcast a minimum of three hours per week of "core" children's educational programming, which the FCC defines as programming that:
Furthermore, "core" children's educational programs, in order to qualify as such, are required to be identified as educational and informational programs over the air at the time they are broadcast, and are required to be identified in the children's programming reports required to be placed quarterly in stations' public inspection files and filed quarterly with the FCC.
Additionally, television stations are required to iden