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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Mark One

 

þ

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2001

OR

o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 
For the transition period from: ___________________________________

Commission File Number:  001-14919

 

EVERCEL, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


 

DELAWARE

 

06-1528142



(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

 

 

 

 

 

5 POND PARK ROAD
HINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 02043
(781) 741-8800
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)


GARRY PRIME, PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
EVERCEL, INC.
5 POND PARK ROAD
HINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS 02043
(781) 741-8800

(Name, Address Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number,
Including Area Code, of Agent For Service)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share
(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes þ     No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.

þ

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $18,551,874, which is based on the closing price of $2.05 on March 21, 2001. On March 21, 2002 there were 10,390,708 shares of Common Stock of the registrant issued and outstanding.

 


 

EVERCEL, INC.

INDEX

 

 

 Description

Page Number

 

 

 

 

Part I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Item 1

Business

4        

 

Item 2

Properties

21        

 

Item 3

Legal Proceedings

21        

 

Item 4

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

21        

 

 

 

 

Part II

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Item 5

Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

22        

 

Item 6

Selected Financial Data

23        

 

Item 7

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

24        

 

Item 7A

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

30        

 

Item 8

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

31        

 

Item 9

Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

31        

 

 

 

 

Part III

 

 

 

 

Item 10

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

32        

 

Item 11

Executive Compensation

34        

 

Item 12

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

36        

 

Item 13

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

38        

 

 

 

 

Part IV

 

 

 

 

Item 14

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K

39        

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Signatures

 

45        

 


 

Forward-looking Statement Disclaimer

When used in this report, the words "expects", "anticipates", "estimates", "should", "will", "could", "would", "may", and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements include statements relating to Evercel's continued development and commercialization schedule for its patented nickel-zinc ("Ni-Zn") rechargeable battery technology and its joint venture partner, expansion plans, licensing opportunities and the expected cost competitiveness of its technology as well as its lack of a definitive business plan. These and other forward-looking statements contained in this report are subject to risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, general risks associated with product development and introduction, changes in worldwide environmental laws and policies, potential volatility of material costs, government appropriations, rapid technol ogical change, and competition, as well as other risks. The forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date of this Report. Evercel Inc. (the "Company") expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any such statement to reflect any change in the Company's expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

PART I

Item 1.

BUSINESS

Overview

          We have developed and, through our joint venture in the Peoples Republic of China are manufacturing rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries (See "Our Joint Venture in the PRC"). The nickel-zinc battery technology is suited for applications requiring long cycle life, light weight and relative cost efficiency. We believe that we will be able to develop markets that utilize nickel-zinc technology both in the U.S. and internationally. However, to date there has not been wide spread acceptance of our technology.

          We are focusing our marketing efforts on specialty applications of our rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries where our technology has competitive advantages and where the channels of distribution are relatively narrow. At the present time, we are principally addressing applications in transportation, including:

          We believe our rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries have a variety of other applications. We are continuing to look at additional applications such medical devices, portable power tools and lawn equipment.

Our Products

          Our proprietary nickel-zinc rechargeable battery is the result of a substantial investment by our former parent company in the development of advanced battery technologies. Our patented technology allow us to produce batteries with the following combination of characteristics:

Market Opportunity

          In many deep discharge applications where the battery functions as the primary power source, we believe our nickel-zinc batteries offer superior performance and lower lifetime cost than many other battery chemistries currently available on a commercial basis. However, the cost of materials used in our batteries results in a higher initial cost to the user compared to some alternative technologies. This factor has hindered our efforts to achieve significant market penetration. We are continuing to improve our technology to reduce the cost per kilowatt hour.

          Electric Vehicles

          The electric scooter, electric bike and neighborhood electric vehicle markets are a good fit for our technology because of the particular characteristics of our batteries. Our technology enables manufacturers to incorporate in their vehicles a high-energy power source relative to the weight of the battery. The deep cycle capability of our technology provides longer total range than lower cost technologies. We believe the cost of ownership of our battery over its entire life is less than other available technologies. Certain states, including California, Arizona and Colorado, are strengthening environmental laws and granting consumer rebates for purchasing electric vehicles. We expect this trend to continue. As the market for mass-produced electric vehicles grows in the United States, we believe that we are well positioned to be a major participant in this market

          The electric vehicle market primarily exists in Europe and Asia. Growing concern about air pollution in Europe is resulting in increased government restrictions on internal combustion engines and government incentives to induce consumer purchases of non-combusting vehicles. Our technology is a logical alternative that offers greater power and range than many competing technologies. Within the electric vehicle market, we expect that the majority of our sales will be direct sales to manufacturers, with a small aftermarket for battery sales directly to consumers.

          Electric Trolling Motors

          The electric trolling motor market exists almost exclusively in the United States bass fishing industry. While the retail price of the Evertroll battery is significantly higher than that of a lead-acid battery, we believe that the durability and extended life of the Evertroll battery will result in a cost per hour of operation over the life of the battery that is less than that of a lead-acid battery. However, the initial high cost of our battery has been a barrier to greater market penetration. While we have seen increased demand at a lower retail price, we are not certain we can lower manufacturing costs to a level that will allow us to maintain the lower retail price.

          Other Markets

          Our technology lends itself to other applications where a mobile energy source is required. We believe that the motorized wheelchair may be a potentially large market for our technology. We have developed a battery that matches the dimensions of the standard for motorized wheelchairs. Our battery is significantly lighter and offers the other advantages of nickel-zinc technology. We have not yet begun to market this battery and cannot predict the level of market acceptance.

          We are exploring the potential of our technology for use in medical devices and tools. While we do not currently have products suitable for these markets, we believe that the nickel-zinc batteries may be a viable power source for these applications.

Technology

          We believe we have created products that are well suited for our target markets and we have developed and patented technologies that will permit high volume manufacture of our rechargeable batteries. We believe our batteries have a longer cycle life, are lighter in weight and lower in total life cycle cost than comparable batteries currently available in our target markets. Although the basic characteristics of nickel-zinc battery technology have been known for many years, our patents and proprietary production process create a barrier of entry for potential competition in our chosen market. We have nine U.S. patents which, combined, have an average of eight years remaining before expiration. Our batteries also have the additional advantage of lower environmental impact compared to lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries.

Management

          In July 2001, the Company elected a new Chairman of the Board of Directors and hired a new President and CEO. The new management has reduced expenses while focusing on improving sales and reducing costs. (See Directors and Officers of Registrant)

History of Evercel and Our Technology

          Our products are the culmination of decades of research in rechargeable nickel-zinc battery technology. The rechargeable nickel-zinc battery was first patented in 1923. During the early 1980's, extensive research and development efforts by other researchers to develop a rechargeable nickel-zinc battery were not successful due to unacceptably short battery cycle life.

          We solved the short cycle life problem with our proprietary cell consisting of layers of positive (nickel) electrodes and negative (zinc) electrodes separated by both electrolyte absorptive layers and microporous separator layers. By sealing the battery cell and reducing the solubility of the zinc electrode, we have increased the cycle life of our batteries. Currently, our research and development efforts are focused on designing batteries for specific applications, improving performance characteristics and reducing costs. (See Research and Development)

          Evercel operated as the battery business group of FuelCell Energy, Inc. (FuelCell) between 1970 and 1999. FuelCell's main business is the development of carbonate fuel cells, which are designed for stationary power systems. In February 1999, FuelCell made a tax-free distribution of our stock to its stockholders, which resulted in our current structure as an independent, publicly held company. While we were part of FuelCell, we focused primarily on the development and engineering of electricity production and storage by electrochemical means. Prior to becoming independent, our product sales emphasized high performance battery cells for the submarine, aerospace and military markets where application needs and engineering excellence outweighed the concerns of cost. We pursued several battery technologies, including silver-zinc, nickel-cadmium, and nickel-zinc. During the mid-1970's to early 1980's, we manufactured high energy density silver-zinc bat teries for submarines and submersibles for both main propulsion and auxiliary power. During the 1980's, we were contracted by the United States Navy to develop nickel-cadmium batteries for nuclear submarines as well as the U.S. Department of Energy to develop nickel-zinc batteries for electric vehicles. Historically, we relied on corporate and government contracts for our revenue and as the source of internal research and development funds.

Competitive Battery Technologies

          There are two types of batteries, disposable and rechargeable batteries. Our nickel-zinc batteries are rechargeable. Rechargeable batteries can often be used in battery applications where disposable batteries are most commonly employed. Disposable batteries are, in most cases, too costly or inconvenient for widespread use in applications currently utilizing rechargeable batteries.

          No one rechargeable battery system is ideal for all applications. There are numerous performance variables that vary in importance by application. Important variables in our markets include:

          We believe nickel-zinc technology is suitable for our target markets because of its potential to compete well in several rechargeable battery applications. The following chart illustrates the primary performance characteristics by which batteries are judged in our target markets and compares nickel-zinc to certain other competitive battery technologies:

Battery Performance Characteristics

 

NICKEL-ZINC

LEAD-ACID

NICKEL-CADMIUM

NICKEL-METAL HYDRIDE

LITHIUM-ION

 

 

 

 

 

 

Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

35-65(1)
53(2)

20-30(1)

20-40(1)

40-65(1)

90(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Specific Power (W/kg)

280(2)

200(4)

260(3)

190(3)

Low(3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cycle Life (Number of deep discharge cycles)

600(2)

250(1)-1,000(3)

300-2,000(1)

300-600(1)

60-300(3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Energy Density (Wh/l)

65-130(1)
85(2)

40-80(1)

40-100(1)

105-185(1)

200(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of Materials ($/kWh)(4)

£ 275

£ 50

£ 300

£ 500

£ 800

_______________________

(1)Handbook of Batteries, Edited by D. Linden (Second Edition) McGraw-Hill Publisher (1995).

(2)Nan Ya Test Report, dated December 1999, for 12-volt module (7-cell battery).

(3)Battery Report on Power Sources (DSMA Battery Committee) (1997).

(4)Evercel estimates.

          Our technology is well suited to our target markets due to the combination of the characteristics listed in the table above. Specific energy provides extra range or run-time given a realistic weight limit in an electric vehicle or boat. Specific power provides the necessary acceleration for the vehicle to meet the expectations of the user or, in a marine application that does not require acceleration, the ability of the trolling motor to pull reliably in heavy wind or current. Energy density provides extra range or run time given a realistic size and configuration in an electric vehicle or boat.

          In the electric vehicle and trolling motor markets, the costs must be justified by cycle life. Longer cycle life correlates to more miles in total range for an electric vehicle or more total hours of trolling over the life of the battery.

          In addition to our nickel-zinc technology, the commercial market for rechargeable batteries consists principally of lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries.

  • Lead-acid batteries are the most common rechargeable batteries and are primarily used in automobile starting, uninterruptible power supplies and motive power applications such as golf carts and forklifts. Although lead-acid is the lowest cost rechargeable technology currently available, these batteries are typically characterized by low cycle life and low energy density.
  • Nickel-cadmium is the most common rechargeable power source used in power tools and similar consumer applications. Nickel-cadmium is considered the most powerful and robust technology in the rechargeable battery marketplace. In the last decade, nickel-cadmium has increasingly been the subject of tightening environmental and workplace regulations and related pressures for recycling and mandatory collection due to the toxicity of cadmium as a principal component.
  • Nickel-metal hydride technology, primarily used in portable electronics, including mobile phones and computers, incorporates high energy density compared to nickel-cadmium. Nickel-metal hydride is also offered in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Although the metal hydride electrode is considered environmentally preferable to cadmium, nickel-metal hydride cells and batteries typically carry a cost premium that detracts from the appeal of this technology.
  • Lithium-ion batteries, primarily used in portable electronics, offer the highest energy density of all commercial rechargeable technologies available today. On a weight basis, the technology offers two to three times the energy content of nickel-cadmium and offers higher voltage than nickel-metal hydride or nickel-cadmium technologies. However, lithium-ion cells and batteries are expected to continue to be more expensive than our nickel-zinc technology.

Competition

          Competition in our markets continues to be, and is expected to remain, intense. Competitors range from development stage companies to major domestic and international companies, many of which have resources significantly greater than ours. Several of these companies are attempting to develop commercial nickel-zinc batteries. However we believe that their technology is less mature than ours. In addition, several other battery manufacturers are attempting to develop and market higher performance versions of lead-acid batteries.

          In our target electric vehicle and trolling motor markets, we expect to compete against suppliers of rechargeable lead-acid and, to a lesser extent, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. We are competing on the basis of battery performance and economics, as well as stability, safety and environmental impact considerations. The small vehicle market is predominately powered by gasoline powered, internal combustion engines. However, electric battery powered vehicles are becoming popular with regulators, manufacturers and consumers alike. Our largest competitors in the battery market for electric vehicles are GEL and AGM types of lead acid battery manufacturers in Asia and Europe.

          The major suppliers to the trolling motor battery market are Delco Battery and Johnson Controls, Inc., who are producing and distributing lead-acid batteries.

Environmental Impact

          Nickel-zinc batteries are more environmentally acceptable than other commonly available rechargeable battery systems. Lead-acid batteries, our principal competitors, contain chemicals that are harmful to the environment and must be recycled. Nickel-zinc batteries are recyclable. Nickel-zinc batteries also contain no cadmium or mercury, which are difficult to dispose of under current environmental regulation. In addition, we anticipate little waste generation and no wastewater effluents due to our simple manufacturing process. The Joint Venture also uses solvent in the electrode production process that can be reclaimed, purified and reintroduced into the manufacturing process with low levels of waste.

Sales and Marketing

          We are focusing our sales and marketing efforts in the following areas:

  • generating direct sales to equipment manufacturers and distributors in selected applications and geographical territories
  • marketing the trolling battery through a multi-channel approach including through distributors and directly to consumers;
  • developing joint venture partnerships for manufacturing and distribution in applications and territories where we believe strategic partners can improve our sales revenues; and
  • licensing our technology and know-how to strategic partners in applications for businesses other than our core applications, such as consumer electronics.

          In the electric vehicle market we are primarily focused on marketing directly to equipment manufacturers. We have conducted demonstrations, tests and evaluations for several key manufacturers, some of which are ongoing, that already have or may in the future lead to orders for our products.

Our Joint Venture in the PRC

          In July 1998, FuelCell entered into a joint venture agreement with the Three Circles Battery Co., a government-owned manufacturing company located in Xiamen, PRC. In connection with our spin off from FuelCell, FuelCell transferred its interest in Xiamen Three Circles ERC Battery Co., Ltd. (the Joint Venture) to us. The mission of our joint venture in the PRC is the continued development, manufacture and sale of nickel-zinc batteries based on our technology. We received a 50.5% ownership interest in the Joint Venture and Xiamen Three Circles received a 49.5% ownership interest. A board of directors manages our joint venture in the PRC, a majority of who are elected by Evercel and the balance by Xiamen Three Circles.

          In July 1998, as part of the joint venture arrangement, FuelCell, Xiamen Three Circles and the Joint Venture entered into a license agreement pursuant to which FuelCell licensed certain intellectual property to our joint venture for the development, manufacture and sale of nickel-zinc batteries for two applications in the PRC and other countries in Southeast Asia. In connection with our spin off from FuelCell, FuelCell transferred the license agreement to us. In addition, the Joint Venture may sublicense our technology to third parties in the PRC, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macao on a non-exclusive basis. The joint venture agreement has a term of 20 years and may be terminated by mutual agreement by both parties. In December 2000, the joint venture agreement was formally transferred from FuelCell to us.

          Under the Three Circles License Agreement, the Joint Venture made an initial payment to FuelCell of $3.0 million, which FuelCell immediately reinvested in the joint venture. Following our spin off from FuelCell, in August 2000, we invested an additional $2.5 million and Xiamen Three Circles invested an additional $2.4 million in the joint venture. As a result, the current ownership interests in the joint venture did not change. The joint venture has contracted to pay us a royalty of 2.67% of the net sales of nickel-zinc batteries in the exclusive territory and 2.0% of the net sales of nickel-zinc batteries in the non-exclusive territory.

          The joint venture agreement allows for the distribution of revenue after payment of all operating expenses and costs required by law. We do not expect any distribution of revenues in the foreseeable future, as it is intended that all excess revenues will be reinvested in our joint venture.

The Nan Ya License Agreement

          In February 1998, FuelCell entered into the Nan Ya License Agreement with a joint venture between Nan Ya Plastics Corporation of Taiwan, a Formosa Plastics Group company, and Xiamen Three Circles Co., Ltd. of Xiamen, China for the use of the Company's nickel-zinc batteries in electric and hybrid electric vehicles in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao on an exclusive basis and for certain other Southeast Asian countries on a non-exclusive basis. The license agreement calls for the payment of $5.0 million in three stages and a royalty for the exclusive and non-exclusive territories. The payments include $1.5 million received by FuelCell in 1998, of which $1.3 million and $0.2 million respectively were recorded on FuelCell's financial statements in 1999 and 1998. A further $2.0 million is to be paid to us based on satisfying the testing criteria of 15 items required in the license agreement. We passed all testing criteria except for the "Volume Energy Density." We have received $572,000 as a result of achieving certain milestones on improving the battery's volume energy density however we have not fully met this objective and we cannot guarantee that we will receive the remaining balance. If we receive the balance of the $2.0 million payment, we may also be entitled to a final payment of $1.5 million to be paid to us upon completion of duplication of the battery at its facilities in China. The Nan Ya License Agreement provides that we have the right to invest the final payment in equity in the joint venture manufacturing and sales organization formed between Nan Ya Plastics and Xiamen Three Circles Co., Ltd.

Manufacturing and Raw Materials

          Our current manufacturing plan is to produce all of our batteries at our Joint Venture in Xiamen, PRC.

          In the PRC, we have established a semi-automated production process due to the availability of relatively inexpensive labor. Our joint venture has installed production equipment in a 32,000 square foot facility in Xiamen, PRC.

          The chemical materials required to manufacture our nickel-zinc battery are readily available from multiple sources in North America and the PRC. Certain separator materials are only available from one U.S. supplier. Prices for both nickel and zinc, the primary raw materials for our batteries, are subject to market forces beyond our control. We do not currently utilize financial instruments to mitigate risk of component prices.

Patents and Trademarks

          We have nine United States patents which, combined, have an average of eight years remaining before expiration. Our patents expire at various times through 2017. We do not believe that the expiration of any of our earlier patents will have a material adverse effect on our business. We have registered "Evercel" and "Evertroll" as trademarks. We seek to protect our technology through U.S. patents and trade secrets and other agreements. Many of these patents are also filed in Hong Kong, Europe, Japan, Taiwan, India and the PRC.

Research and Development

          To a more limited extent, we will continue to advance our battery technologies by conducting additional research and development. Research and development expenses were $1.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2001, $4.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2000, $.5 million for the two months ended December 31, 1999, and $2.4 million in the year ended October 31, 1999.

Employees

          We employ a staff of 10 people in the U.S. The staffing level will be reduced to 4 people after we complete the relocation of the corporate offices to Massachusetts at the end of the first quarter of 2002. Our joint venture in the PRC employs approximately 70 full-time people, most of whom are engaged in research and development and manufacturing.

Facilities

          Effective March 1, 2002 we leased 4,000 square feet of space in Hingham, Massachusetts for our corporate headquarters. The lease term is for three years. The annual rent is $30,000.

          We lease approximately 28,500 square feet of space in Danbury, Connecticut, that has been used as our corporate headquarters. The lease term has two years remaining. The annual rent is $178,000 and $185,000 for the remaining years. We are attempting to sublease or negotiate a termination of this lease.

Legal Proceedings

          Allen Charkey, the former Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, has sued the Company for wrongful discharge. Mr. Charkey has sued for actual damages of $165,000 and punitive damages. The suit was filed in the Superior Court of the State of Connecticut and is presently in the discovery stage.

Risk Factors

          You should carefully consider the risks described below as well as the other information included in or incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 10-K. If any of these risks occur our business prospects, results of operations or financial condition could be harmed.

We were a part of FuelCell until February 1999 and face significant risks typical of developing companies, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

          Until February 1999, we operated as the battery business group of FuelCell. Since our establishment as an independent entity, we have had limited success in the commercialization of our initial products. Revenue to date from sales of our battery products has been minimal. All manufacturing is done at our joint venture in the PRC; we do not have manufacturing capability in the United States. Our limited operating history makes predicting the future results of our operations or the risks we will face difficult. To date we have been unable to achieve the objectives of our business model, accordingly, we cannot be certain that our business strategy will be successful. As we seek to exploit other opportunities, there is no guarantee that we will:

identify attractive business opportunities; and

if identified, be successful in consummating agreements; and

if consummated, be successful in exploiting the opportunity

We have incurred substantial losses since our formation and may not become profitable in the future. If we continue to incur losses, the value of our common stock could decline.

          We are not profitable and have had limited revenues. We cannot assure you that we will become profitable in the foreseeable future, if ever. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 we had losses attributable to common stockholders of $28.5 million, $12.0 million and $5.9 million, respectively. We expect that we will continue to incur losses at least through 2002. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may be unable to sustain or increase our profitability in the future.

Future cash flows from our battery product line may not be sufficient to justify the valuation of our intellectual properties.

          If we determine that future net cash flows from the licensing of our technology and the sale of our battery products is less than the carrying amount of our intellectual properties, we will be required under current accounting principles to revalue those properties.

We are dependent on our nickel-zinc battery product line and are uncertain whether our batteries will be widely accepted in the marketplace.

          We believe that we will depend on sales of our nickel-zinc batteries for substantially all of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Our success will depend upon the market acceptance of our nickel-zinc battery technology. Our nickel-zinc batteries have not achieved, and may never achieve, market acceptance. Our introduction of new products may be delayed or unsuccessful. Our batteries will be a more expensive initial purchase than competing batteries and other technologies. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in convincing customers of the value of our batteries over their life cycles and their other performance advantages. Our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to meet customer requirements by developing and introducing, on a timely basis, new products and enhanced and modified versions of our current products. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. Our competitors may introduce new technologies or refine existing technologies that will be more appealing to customers than our products.

Our inability to enforce our patents, protect our intellectual property or obtain the right to use certain intellectual property may adversely affect our ability to compete.

          Patents, trade secrets and other proprietary rights are important to our success and competitive position. Our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, including our patents, may be inadequate and may not prevent others from claiming violations by us of their property rights. In addition, because of the intense competition in battery technology and the large number of patents filed, or being filed, we may need to use other companies' patents under license agreements. We are uncertain if we could reach an agreement to use those patents and whether the terms of such an agreement would be acceptable to us. If any court or competent authority concludes that our products or manufacturing processes have infringed upon the product or process rights held by others, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed. Additionally, a determination that we have infringed upon the product or process rights held by others could result in the loss of our proprietary rights, subject us to liability to third parties or prevent us from manufacturing or selling our products, any of which could have a material negative effect on our business and hinder our intentions to sell our nickel-zinc battery technology. We cannot assure you that patents will be issued from any pending applications, that the claims allowed under any patents will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology, that any patents issued to us will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or as to the degree or adequacy of protection any patents or patent applications may afford. We could incur substantial costs in prosecuting and defending patent and other proprietary rights suits.

          Our policy is to also protect our proprietary rights in our products and operations through contractual obligations including nondisclosure agreements with certain employees, customers, consultants, licensees and strategic partners. We also cannot assure you as to the degree of protection these contractual measures may afford.

          We have not filed for patent protection in certain potential major markets such as Southeast Asia. Any agreements that we reach with partners in these areas would have to be based on trade secrets and know-how. In the future, we may seek patent protection in those areas. In addition, some foreign countries in which we may do business provide significantly less patent and proprietary rights protection than the United States.

          We also rely on know-how and trade secrets to establish our battery technologies for commercial applications and we cannot assure you that we can adequately protect this information in our dealings with other companies. If other competitors or organizations develop similar or better battery technologies through their own efforts, these developments could have an adverse effect on our business.

Even if our products are a success, we may be unable to meet demand because of production or other problems. Our failure to meet demand could have a negative effect on our business and financial results.

          Rapid growth of our advanced rechargeable nickel-zinc battery business may significantly strain our management, operations and technical resources. We currently have limited manufacturing capability and no experience in large-scale manufacturing of our rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries or in automated assembly and packaging technology.

          Our joint venture in the PRC intends to expand its manufacturing capability. Manufacturing capability is dependent upon a number of factors, including manufacturing concerns and process control issues. We cannot assure you that the Joint Venture will not have difficulties meeting necessary quality control standards if we expand our manufacturing capabilities. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be severely harmed if we encounter difficulties in effectively managing either the current production process or the budgeting, forecasting, quality control and other manufacturing issues encountered. Additionally, we cannot assure you that our licensees or our Joint Venture will be able to satisfy commercial-scale production requirements on a timely and cost-effective basis. Our failure to manufacture our nickel-zinc battery products in the volume necessary to exceed our fixed overhead expenses would have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations. To date, our manufacturing process has been unable to yield sufficient quantities of good batteries to be cost effective.

          The Joint Venture in the PRC is currently the exclusive manufacturer of our batteries. If the Joint Venture is unable or unwilling to continue to manufacture our batteries, we have no alternative means of producing batteries. In addition, we have no experience with the capabilities of our shipping contractors and cannot assure you that our shipping contractors will be able to ship our products in a timely manner. Delays in receiving product from China may hinder our ability to establish and maintain relationships with original equipment manufacturers and distributors.

Risks Related to our Investment in the People's Republic of China

          We conduct business in the People's Republic of China (the PRC) mainly through:

The following risk factors relate to our business in the PRC.

Changes in the political environment in the PRC may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

          The value of our interest in our joint venture in the PRC and the profitability of that joint venture may be adversely affected by changes in the political environment in the PRC. The PRC is a socialist state, which, since 1949, has been, and is expected to continue to be, controlled by the Communist Party of China. Changes in the political leadership in the PRC could lead to changes in legal and business regulations and the general political, economic and social environment in that country. Those changes could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if they prohibit or restrict foreign investment in the PRC or result in increased costs for our joint venture.

          One of the target markets for nickel-zinc batteries manufactured from the Xiamen plant is Taiwan. The relationship between the PRC and Taiwan has been marked with political and economic tension. Our joint venture in the PRC could be adversely affected if bans or restrictions were imposed on trade between those two countries.

          In addition, we have relationships with individuals in the PRC whose status and political influence could be adversely affected as a result of political changes in that country. Any such changes in the political leadership or current economic reform policies or the imposition of additional restrictions on foreign-owned enterprises could have a material adverse effect on the business of our joint venture in the PRC and, as a result, our interest in that joint venture. Any such changes could also adversely affect our rights and revenues under the Three Circles License Agreement.

We may have difficulty protecting our intellectual property rights in the PRC, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

          We have licensed our technology for use by our joint venture in the PRC pursuant to the Technology Transfer and the Three Circles License Agreement. This agreement provides for the use of our nickel-zinc batteries for miners' lamps, two- and three-wheel vehicles, industrial traction equipment, off-road golf carts, boats and all terrain vehicles in the PRC on an exclusive basis and in Southeast Asia on a non-exclusive basis. We protect our technology in the PRC through a combination of patent applications, contractual arrangements and trade secrets. Patent and other intellectual property rights receive substantially less protection in the PRC than is available in the United States. We cannot assure you that we will be able to protect our proprietary rights in the PRC or elsewhere. The unauthorized use of our technology by others, particularly in the PRC where labor costs are low, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Restrictions on repatriation of foreign currency or foreign currency exchange and volatility of exchange rates could adversely affect our ability to obtain distributions, license payments or royalties sourced from the PRC.

          The PRC regulates the repatriation of foreign currencies as payments to foreigners, including investors and licensors, and the conversion of renminbi (the official currency of the PRC) into foreign currencies, such as the U.S. dollar. As a result, we may be restricted or prevented from receiving distributions, license payments or royalties from our joint venture in the PRC even if they are needed to meet obligations of our business or would be better employed in our business outside of the PRC. In addition, distributions from our joint venture in the PRC, license payments and royalties may be subject to taxation by the PRC as well as tax authorities in the United States.

          We expect that our joint venture in the PRC will receive a substantial portion of its revenues in renminbi. A portion of those revenues will have to be converted to other currencies to meet contractual obligations (such as payment obligations to suppliers) or for purposes of remitting these funds to us as return of capital, dividends or license payments. Under our joint venture agreement, we are entitled to receive royalties based on sales using our technology and other distributions from our joint venture. Our joint venture may be unable to convert sufficient renminbi into foreign currency to enable it to comply with its foreign currency payment obligations, including royalty payments and distributions to us. In the event of a depressed market in renminbi, the cost of foreign currency could prevent our joint venture in the PRC from paying distributions and license fees to us. In addition, fluctuations in the exchange rate of the renminbi into U. S. dollars could have an adverse effect on the license fees owed to us.

Laws, regulations and policies in the PRC may negatively affect our investment in that country due to inconsistent application or adverse interpretation, enforcement or evolution.

          The PRC does not have a well-developed, consolidated body of laws governing foreign investment enterprises. As a result, the administration of laws and regulations by government agencies may be subject to considerable discretion and variation. As the legal system in the PRC develops, new laws, changes to existing laws (or interpretations thereof) and preemption of provincial or local laws by national laws may adversely affect our investment in our joint venture. In circumstances where adequate laws exist, we may not be able to obtain timely and equitable enforcement of those laws.

Expropriation of joint venture property by the PRC government would adversely affect us.

          Following the formation of the PRC in 1949, the PRC government renounced various debt obligations incurred by predecessor governments, which obligations remain in default, and expropriated assets without compensation. We cannot assure you that, in the future, expropriation or nationalization of the assets of the joint venture in the PRC or any of our other assets in the PRC will not occur. Such an expropriation or nationalization could result in a total loss of our investment in the joint venture in the PRC.

Additional Risks Related to Our Business

Our success depends upon the success of the manufacturers who may use our products or license our technology.

          A substantial portion of our business will depend upon the success of products sold by manufacturers that may use our batteries or license our technology. For example, one factor determining the quantity of purchase orders we may receive from electric vehicle manufacturers in the future is the success of that company's vehicles. We are subject to many risks beyond our control that influence the success or failure of manufacturers' particular products including, among others factors:

We may not be able to compete successfully if we fail to keep pace with rapidly changing technologies.

          The battery industry has experienced, and is expected to continue to experience, rapid technological change. Our growth and future success will depend, in part, on our ability to enhance and modify existing products and to introduce new products in new markets. Our product development efforts require and are expected to continue to require, substantial investments by us for research, refinement and testing. We cannot assure you that we will have the resources to do this.

Intense competition and the emergence of competing technologies could adversely affect the sale of our products.

          The rechargeable battery industry is characterized by intense competition with a large number of companies offering or seeking to develop technology and products similar to ours. We are subject to competition from manufacturers of traditional rechargeable batteries, from manufacturers of rechargeable batteries with advanced technologies, as well as from companies engaged in the development of batteries incorporating new technologies. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in competing with these manufacturers, many of which have substantially greater financial, technical, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, sales and other resources than we have. A number of companies with substantially greater resources than ours are pursuing the development of a wide variety of battery technologies that are expected to compete with our technology.

          Other companies undertaking research and development activities of solid-polymer batteries have already developed prototypes and are constructing commercial scale production facilities. If other companies successfully market their batteries prior to the introduction of our products, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The market for our products, as well as the products that use our batteries and technology, is characterized by changing technology and evolving industry standards, often resulting in product obsolescence or short product life cycles. We cannot assure you that competitors will not develop technologies or products that would render our technology and products obsolete or less marketable.

Our ability to adequately license our technology may affect our success.

          Our growth and success will be dependent to a substantial extent on our reputation. Since we anticipate licensing our technology to others, our reputation may be affected by the performance of the companies to which we license our technology. Our licenses may grant exclusivity with respect to certain uses or geographic areas. As a result, we will be wholly dependent on the success of the licensee for success with respect to any exclusive use or geographical area. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in granting our licenses to those who are likely to succeed. In addition, license agreements with foreign companies may be subject to additional risks, such as exchange rate fluctuations, political instability or weaknesses in the local economy. Certain provisions of the license agreements that benefit us may be subject to restrictions in foreign laws that limit our ability to enforce those contractual provisions. In addition, it may be more difficult to register and protect our proprietary rights in certain foreign countries. Our failure to obtain suitable licensees of our technology or the failure of our licensees to achieve our manufacturing or quality control standards or otherwise meet our expectations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to enter into joint ventures or other strategic arrangements may affect our success.

          We intend to enter into additional joint venture arrangements in the future to sell or license our battery technology. Our joint venture in the PRC is with a foreign partner and we anticipate that future joint ventures may be with foreign partners or entities. As a result, such future joint ventures may be subject to the political climate and economies of the foreign countries where such partners reside. We cannot assure you that our joint venture partners or other partners will provide us with the support we anticipate, or that any of the joint ventures or other relationships will be successful in developing batteries for use with their intended products, or that any of the joint ventures or other relationships will be successful in manufacturing and marketing their batteries for such products once developed. Any of our international operations will also be subject to certain external business risks such as exchange rate fluctuations, politi cal instability and a significant weakening of a local economy in which a foreign joint venture operates or is located. Certain provisions of the joint venture agreements that are for our benefit may be subject to restrictions in foreign laws that limit our ability to enforce those contractual provisions. Failure of these joint ventures to be successful could have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.

The addition or modification of environmental laws may adversely affect both our future and past operations.

          Foreign, federal, state and local regulations impose various environmental controls on the manufacture, transportation, storage, use and disposal of batteries and certain chemicals used in the manufacture of batteries. We cannot assure you that conditions relating to our historical operations which require expenditures for clean-up will not be discovered in the future or that changes in environmental laws and regulations will not impose costly compliance requirements on us or otherwise subject us to future liabilities. Our batteries contain a limited amount of lead in the negative electrodes. We cannot assure you that the United States Environmental Protection Agency or other governmental agencies in the U.S. or abroad will not determine that the lead content or the nickel in our batteries makes them unsuitable for landfill disposal. Although we believe we are presently in compliance with all foreign, federal, state and local governmental reg ulations, we cannot assure you that additional or modified regulations relating to the manufacture, transportation, storage, use and disposal of materials used to manufacture our batteries or restricting disposal of batteries will not be imposed or as to the effect such regulations may have on us or our customers.

We may be adversely affected by our dependence upon certain raw materials used in the production of our batteries.

          The principal raw materials used in the production of our battery products are nickel and zinc. Prices for both nickel and zinc are subject to market forces beyond our control. Our future profitability may be materially adversely affected by increased nickel or zinc prices to the extent we are unable to pass on higher raw material costs to our customers. To attempt to reduce such risks, we may engage in forward purchases and hedging transactions to manage raw material costs and inventory relative to anticipated production requirements. We cannot assure you that such activities will be successful or will not result in increased losses.

One of the materials we use in our batteries is only available from one supplier.

          Certain separator materials used in the production of our batteries are only available from one supplier. We cannot assure you that alternate materials would be available to us at an acceptable price, or quickly enough so as not to disrupt production.

We offer an extended warranty on our products, and we have limited experience as to our potential liability.

          We offer an extended warranty for our batteries. Our warranty is greater than the existing warranties of most of our competitors. If we are unable to manufacture batteries that achieve our stated performance levels or meet our customers' expectations for quality, the resulting claims may exceed expected levels against which we have reserved. Excessive claims will adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Product liability claims could result in costs to us or impede demand for our products.

          The sale of our products may expose us to product liability claims from consumers. Certain materials we use in our batteries could, if used improperly, cause injuries to others. In addition, improperly charging or discharging our batteries could possibly cause fires. Any accident involving our batteries or other battery products could impede demand for our products.

Risks Related To Our Common Stock

We may be unable to meet our future capital requirements.

          We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-related or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the rights of our common stock and our stockholders may experience additional dilution. In the past, we have experienced negative cash flow from operations. We completed a public offering in February 2001. This offering raised net proceeds of $25.1 million through the sale of 3,000,000 shares of our common stock at $9.00 per share and we currently anticipate that our available funds will be sufficient to meet our anticipated needs for working capital and capital expenditures through at least 2002. We may need to raise additional funds prior to the expiration of this period if, for example, we pursue business acquisitions or experience operational losses tha t exceed our current expectations. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to put in place any future credit facilities that will address our future capital needs, in whole or in part.

Our common stock price may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses for individual stockholders.

          We expect that our quarterly operating results will fluctuate significantly. As a result, the market price for our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Factors, many of which are beyond our control, that may affect our quarterly results include:

          Many companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stocks have been the subjects of securities class action litigation. We may be involved in a securities class action lawsuit in the future. Litigation often results in substantial costs and the diversion of management's attention and resources and could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Substantial sales of our common stock could cause our stock price to fall.

          If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants or the conversion of our Series A preferred stock, in the public market, the market price of our common stock could fall. These sales might also make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate. At December 31, 2001 we had outstanding 10,377,375 shares of common stock, assuming no conversion of our Series A preferred stock and no exercise of our outstanding options or warrants. As of December 31, 2001, an additional 1,434,592 shares of common stock may be issued upon conversion of the Series A preferred stock and exercise of outstanding options and warrants.

We do not intend to pay any cash dividends.

          We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business and do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

DIVIDEND POLICY

          We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and we do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the near future on our common stock. At this time, we intend to retain our future earnings to fund the expansion of our business. Our board of directors may review our dividend policy from time to time, based on our performance and our financial condition.

Item 2.

PROPERTIES

          Effective March 1, 2002 we leased 4,000 square feet of space in Hingham, Massachusetts for our corporate headquarters. The lease term is for three years. The annual rent is $30,000.

          We lease approximately 28,500 square feet of space in Danbury, Connecticut, that has been used as our corporate headquarters. The lease term has two years remaining. The annual rent is $178,000 and $185,000 for the remaining years. We are attempting to sublease or negotiate a termination of this lease.

Item 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

          Allen Charkey, the former Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, has sued the Company for wrongful discharge. Mr. Charkey has sued for actual damages of $165,000 and punitive damages. The suit was filed in the Superior Court of the State of Connecticut and is presently in the discovery stage.

Item 4.

SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

          None.

PART II

 

Item 5.

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS

PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK

          The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices of our common stock for the quarters indicated, as reported by the NASDAQ National Market and the NASDAQ Small Cap Market for the applicable periods.

          Our common stock has been traded on the NASDAQ National Market since May 4, 2000, and previously on the NASDAQ Small Cap Market from April 5, 1999.

HIGH

LOW

Calendar 2001

 

 

First Quarter

$  12.63

$  4.88

Second Quarter

7.38

3.00

Third Quarter

4.16

.50

Fourth Quarter

.99

.40

Calendar 2000

 

 

First Quarter

$  30.75

$  12.00

Second Quarter

24.00

12.38

Third Quarter

22.56

11.00

Fourth Quarter

21.94

5.78

          As of March 8, 2002, there were approximately 140 holders of record of our common stock.

Item 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

          The selected financial data set forth below is for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, October 31, 1999 and the two months ended December 31, 1999. You should read this information together with our financial statements and the notes to those statements beginning on page F-3 of this report and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this report. The statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, October 31, 1999, the two months ended December 31, 1999 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 are derived from our financial statements, which have been audited by KPMG LLP, independent accountants, and are included elsewhere in this report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future, and results of interim periods are not n ecessarily indicative of results for the entire year.

 

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Fiscal Year Ended
December 31,

Fiscal Year Ended
December 31,

Two Months Ended
December 31,

Fiscal Year Ended October 31,

Statement of Income Data:

2001

2000

1999

1999

 

 

 

 

 

Revenues

$         730    

$         200    

$          13    

$       196    

Costs and expenses

 

 

 

 

Cost of revenues

6,472    

627    

220    

694    

Administrative and selling expenses

6,402    

7,361    

690    

2,425    

Research and development

1,677    

4,623    

451    

2,449    

Impairment & other charges associated with shutdown of Virginia operations

15,003    

-    

-    

-    





Total operating costs and expenses

29,554    

12,611    

1,361    

5,568    

 

 

 

 

 

Loss from operations

(28,824)   

(12,411)   

(1,348)   

(5,372)   

Interest income, net

819    

609    

28    

90    

License fee income

-    

572    

-    

-    

Equity in net loss of affiliate

-    

(165)   

-    

(36)   

Minority interest expense

(123)   

(47)   

-    

-    

Other expenses

-    

-    

-    

(3)   





Loss before income tax benefit

(28,128)   

(11,442)   

(1,320)   

(5,321)   

Income tax benefit

-    

88    

-    

(360)   





Net loss

(28,128)   

(11,530)   

(1,320)   

(4,961)   





Preferred stock dividends

(380)   

(503)   

(22)   

-    





Net loss - common shareholders

(28,508)   

(12,033)   

(1,342)   

(4,961)   





 

 

 

 

 

Basic and diluted loss per share

(2.82)   

(1.80)   

(0.23)   

(1.11)   





Basic and diluted shares outstanding

10,126,000(a)

6,679,000(a)

5,722,090(a)

4,456,538    





 

 

 

 

 

Balance Sheet Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

$      16,199    

$     12,195    

$      6,117    

$     1,820    

Total assets

21,455    

27,127    

8,810    

4,290    

Total current liabilities

3,195    

4,166    

742    

1,011    

Total shareholders' equity

12,851    

16,114    

8,068    

3,279    

          (a) Due to losses we have incurred, dilutive instruments, consisting of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, options and warrants, have been excluded from diluted shares. At December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 there were 194,035, 196,500 and 264,000 respectively, shares of Series A Preferred Stock convertible into 705,560, 714,523 and 960,000 respectively, shares of common stock, related warrants exercisable for 555,200, 555,200 and 595,268 shares of common stock and options exercisable for 173,833, 676,499 and 627,098 respectively, shares of com