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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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Joint Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
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For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004 |
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Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
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For the Transition Period from
to
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Commission File Number: 1-7959
STARWOOD HOTELS &
RESORTS WORLDWIDE, INC
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) |
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Commission File Number: 1-6828
STARWOOD HOTELS & RESORTS
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) |
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Maryland
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
52-1193298
(I.R.S. employer identification no.)
1111 Westchester Avenue
White Plains, NY 10604
(Address of principal executive
offices, including zip code)
(914) 640-8100
(Registrants telephone number,
including area code) |
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Maryland
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
52-0901263
(I.R.S. employer identification no.)
1111 Westchester Avenue
White Plains, NY 10604
(Address of principal executive
offices, including zip code)
(914) 640-8100
(Registrants telephone number,
including area code) |
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
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Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
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Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Corporation
Share), of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide,
Inc. (the Corporation), Class B shares of
beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share
(Class B Shares), of Starwood Hotels &
Resorts (the Trust), and Preferred Stock Purchase
Rights of the Corporation, all of which are attached and trade
together as a Share |
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New York Stock Exchange |
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrants (1) have
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrants were required to file such reports), and
(2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the
past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of each
Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes þ No o
As of June 30, 2004, the aggregate market value of the
Registrants voting and non-voting common equity (for
purposes of this Joint Annual Report only, includes all Shares
other than those held by the Registrants Directors,
Trustees and executive officers) was $9,295,225,021.
As of February 25, 2005, the Corporation had outstanding
212,467,631 Corporation Shares and the Trust had outstanding
212,467,631 Class B Shares and 100 Class A shares of
beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share
(Class A Shares).
For information concerning ownership of Shares, see the Proxy
Statement for the Corporations Annual Meeting of
Stockholders that is currently scheduled for May 5, 2005
(the Proxy Statement), which is incorporated by
reference under various Items of this Joint Annual Report.
Document Incorporated by Reference:
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Where Incorporated |
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Proxy Statement |
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Part III (Items 11 and 12) |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Joint Annual Report is filed by Starwood Hotels &
Resorts Worldwide, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the
Corporation), and its subsidiary, Starwood
Hotels & Resorts, a Maryland real estate investment
trust (the Trust). Unless the context otherwise
requires, all references to the Corporation include those
entities owned or controlled by the Corporation, including SLC
Operating Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership
(the Operating Partnership), but excluding the
Trust; all references to the Trust include the Trust and those
entities owned or controlled by the Trust, including SLT Realty
Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (the
Realty Partnership); and all references to
we, us, our,
Starwood, or the Company refer to the
Corporation, the Trust and their respective subsidiaries,
collectively. The shares of common stock, par value
$0.01 per share, of the Corporation (Corporation
Shares) and the Class B shares of beneficial
interest, par value $0.01 per share, of the Trust
(Class B Shares) are attached and trade
together and may be held or transferred only in units consisting
of one Corporation Share and one Class B Share (a
Share).
PART I
Forward-Looking Statements
This Joint Annual Report contains statements that constitute
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements appear
in several places in this Joint Annual Report, including,
without limitation, the section of Item 1. Business,
captioned Business Strategy and Item 7.
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations. Such forward-looking statements may
include statements regarding the intent, belief or current
expectations of Starwood, its Directors or Trustees or its
officers with respect to the matters discussed in this Joint
Annual Report. All forward-looking statements involve risks and
uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ
materially from those projected in the forward-looking
statements including, without limitation, the risks and
uncertainties set forth below. The Company undertakes no
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking
statements to reflect current or future events or circumstances.
Where you can find more information
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements
and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are
available to the public over the Internet at the SECs web
site at http://www.sec.gov. Our SEC filings are also
available on our website at
http://www.starwoodhotels.com/corporate/investor relations.html
as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or
furnished to the SEC. You may also read and copy any document we
file with the SEC at its public reference rooms in
Washington, D.C. Please call the SEC at (800) SEC-0330
for further information on the public reference rooms. Our
filings with the SEC are also available at the New York Stock
Exchange. For more information on obtaining copies of our public
filings at the New York Stock Exchange, you should call
(212) 656-5060. You may also obtain a copy of our filings
free of charge by calling Alisa Rosenberg, Vice President,
Investor Relations at (914) 640-5214.
Risks Relating to Hotel, Resort and Vacation Ownership
Operations
We Are Subject to All the Operating Risks Common to the
Hotel and Vacation Ownership Industries. Operating
risks common to the hotel and vacation ownership industries
include:
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changes in general economic conditions, including the timing and
robustness of the apparent recovery in the United States from
the recent economic downturn and the prospects for improved
performance in other parts of the world; |
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impact of war and terrorist activity (including threatened
terrorist activity) and heightened travel security measures
instituted in response thereto; |
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domestic and international political and geopolitical conditions; |
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travelers fears of exposures to contagious diseases or the
occurrence of natural disasters; |
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decreases in the demand for transient rooms and related lodging
services, including a reduction in business travel as a result
of general economic conditions; |
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the impact of internet intermediaries on pricing and our
increasing reliance on technology; |
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cyclical over-building in the hotel and vacation ownership
industries; |
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restrictive changes in zoning and similar land use laws and
regulations or in health, safety and environmental laws, rules
and regulations and other governmental and regulatory action; |
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changes in travel patterns; |
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changes in operating costs including, but not limited to,
energy, labor costs (including the impact of unionization),
workers compensation and health-care related costs,
insurance and unanticipated costs such as acts of nature and
their consequences; |
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disputes with owners of properties, franchisees and homeowner
associations which may result in litigation; |
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the availability of capital to allow us and potential hotel
owners and franchisees to fund construction, renovations and
investments; |
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foreign exchange fluctuations; |
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the financial condition of third-party property owners and
franchisees; and |
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the financial condition of the airline industry and the impact
on air travel. |
We are also impacted by our relationships with owners and
franchisees. Our hotel management contracts are typically
long-term arrangements, but most allow the hotel owner to
replace us if certain financial or performance criteria are not
met. Our ability to meet these financial and performance
criteria is subject to, among other things, the risks described
in this section. Additionally, our operating results would be
adversely affected if we could not maintain existing management,
franchise or representation agreements or obtain new agreements
on as favorable terms as the existing agreements.
General Economic Conditions May Negatively Impact Our
Results. Moderate or severe economic downturns or
adverse conditions may negatively affect our operations. These
conditions may be widespread or isolated to one or more
geographic regions. A tightening of the labor markets in one or
more geographic regions may result in fewer and/or less
qualified applicants for job openings in our facilities. Higher
wages, related labor costs and the increasing cost trends in the
insurance markets may negatively impact our results as wages,
related labor costs and insurance premiums increase.
We Must Compete for Customers. The hotel and
vacation ownership industries are highly competitive. Our
properties compete for customers with other hotel and resort
properties, and, with respect to our vacation ownership resorts
and residential projects, with owners reselling their vacation
ownership interests (VOIs), including fractional
ownership, or apartments. Some of our competitors may have
substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we
do, and they may improve their facilities, reduce their prices
or expand or improve their marketing programs in ways that
adversely affect our operating results.
We Must Compete for Management and Franchise
Agreements. We compete with other hotel companies for
management and franchise agreements. As a result, the terms of
such agreements may not be as favorable as our current
agreements. In connection with entering into management or
franchise agreements, we may be required to make investments in
or guarantee the obligations of third parties or guarantee
minimum income to third parties.
The Hotel Industry Is Seasonal in Nature. The
hotel industry is seasonal in nature; however, the periods
during which we experience higher revenue vary from property to
property and depend principally upon location. Our revenue
historically has been lower in the first quarter than in the
second, third or fourth quarters.
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Internet Reservation Channels May Negatively Impact our
Bookings. Some of our hotel rooms are booked through
internet travel intermediaries such as Travelocity.com®,
Expedia.com® and Priceline.com®. As the percentage of
internet bookings increases, these intermediaries may be able to
obtain higher commissions, reduced room rates or other
significant contract concessions from us. Moreover, some of
these internet travel intermediaries are attempting to
commoditize hotel rooms, by increasing the importance of price
and general indicators of quality (such as three-star
downtown hotel) at the expense of brand identification.
These agencies hope that consumers will eventually develop brand
loyalties to their reservations system rather than to our
lodging brands. Although we expect to derive most of our
business from traditional channels, if the amount of sales made
through internet intermediaries increases significantly, our
business and profitability may be significantly harmed.
We Place Significant Reliance on Technology. The
hospitality industry continues to demand the use of
sophisticated technology and systems including technology
utilized for property management, procurement, reservation
systems, operation of our customer loyalty program, distribution
and guest amenities. These technologies can be expected to
require refinements and there is the risk that advanced new
technologies will be introduced. There can be no assurance that
as various systems and technologies become outdated or new
technology is required we will be able to replace or introduce
them as quickly as our competition or within budgeted costs for
such technology. Further, there can be no assurance that we will
achieve the benefits that may have been anticipated from any new
technology or system.
Our Businesses Are Capital Intensive. For our
owned, managed and franchised properties to remain attractive
and competitive, the property owners and we have to spend money
periodically to keep the properties well maintained, modernized
and refurbished. This creates an ongoing need for cash and, to
the extent the property owners and we cannot fund expenditures
from cash generated by operations, funds must be borrowed or
otherwise obtained. This may depend on the financial condition
of the third-party owners and franchisees. Their financial
condition may also impact our ability to recover amounts that
may be owed to us by owners, developers and franchisees such as
indemnity payments. In addition, to continue growing our
vacation ownership business and residential projects, we need to
spend money to develop new units. Accordingly, our financial
results may be sensitive to the cost and availability of funds
and the carrying cost of VOI and residential inventory.
Real Estate Investments Are Subject to Numerous
Risks. We are subject to the risks that generally relate
to investments in real property because we own and lease hotels
and resorts. The investment returns available from equity
investments in real estate depend in large part on the amount of
income earned and capital appreciation generated by the related
properties, and the expenses incurred. In addition, a variety of
other factors affect income from properties and real estate
values, including governmental regulations, real estate,
insurance, zoning, tax and eminent domain laws, interest rate
levels and the availability of financing. For example, new or
existing real estate zoning or tax laws can make it more
expensive and/or time-consuming to develop real property or
expand, modify or renovate hotels. When interest rates increase,
the cost of acquiring, developing, expanding or renovating real
property increases and real property values may decrease as the
number of potential buyers decreases. Similarly, as financing
becomes less available, it becomes more difficult both to
acquire and to sell real property. Finally, under eminent domain
laws, governments can take real property. Sometimes this taking
is for less compensation than the owner believes the property is
worth. Any of these factors could have a material adverse impact
on our results of operations or financial condition. In
addition, equity real estate investments are difficult to sell
quickly and we may not be able to adjust our portfolio of owned
properties quickly in response to economic or other conditions.
If our properties do not generate revenue sufficient to meet
operating expenses, including debt service and capital
expenditures, our income will be adversely affected.
Hotel and Resort Development Is Subject to Timing,
Budgeting and Other Risks. We intend to develop hotel
and resort properties, including VOIs and residential components
of hotel properties, as suitable
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opportunities arise, taking into consideration the general
economic climate. New project development has a number of risks,
including risks associated with:
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construction delays or cost overruns that may increase project
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receipt of zoning, occupancy and other required governmental
permits and authorizations; |
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development costs incurred for projects that are not pursued to
completion; |
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so-called acts of God such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or
fires that could adversely impact a project; |
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defects in design or construction that may result in additional
costs to remedy or require all or a portion of a property to be
closed during the period required to rectify the situation; |
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ability to raise capital; and |
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governmental restrictions on the nature or size of a project or
timing of completion. |
We cannot assure you that any development project will be
completed on time or within budget.
Environmental Regulations. Environmental laws,
ordinances and regulations of various federal, state, local and
foreign governments regulate our properties and could make us
liable for the costs of removing or cleaning up hazardous or
toxic substances on, under, or in property we currently own or
operate or that we previously owned or operated. These laws
could impose liability without regard to whether we knew of, or
were responsible for, the presence of hazardous or toxic
substances. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances, or
the failure to properly clean up such substances when present,
could jeopardize our ability to develop, use, sell or rent the
real property or to borrow using the real property as
collateral. If we arrange for the disposal or treatment of
hazardous or toxic wastes, we could be liable for the costs of
removing or cleaning up wastes at the disposal or treatment
facility, even if we never owned or operated that facility.
Other laws, ordinances and regulations could require us to
manage, abate or remove lead or asbestos containing materials.
Similarly, the operation and closure of storage tanks are often
regulated by federal, state, local and foreign laws. Certain
laws, ordinances and regulations, particularly those governing
the management or preservation of wetlands, coastal zones and
threatened or endangered species, could limit our ability to
develop, use, sell or rent our real property.
International Operations Are Subject to Special Political
and Monetary Risks. We have significant international
operations which as of December 31, 2004 included 175
owned, managed or franchised properties in Europe, Africa and
the Middle East (including 29 properties with majority
ownership); 46 owned, managed or franchised properties in Latin
America (including 12 properties with majority ownership); and
94 owned, managed or franchised properties in the Asia Pacific
region (including 4 properties with majority ownership).
International operations generally are subject to various
political, geopolitical, and other risks that are not present in
U.S. operations. These risks include the risk of war,
terrorism, civil unrest, expropriation and nationalization. In
addition, some international jurisdictions restrict the
repatriation of non-U.S. earnings. Various international
jurisdictions also have laws limiting the ability of
non-U.S. entities to pay dividends and remit earnings to
affiliated companies unless specified conditions have been met.
In addition, sales in international jurisdictions typically are
made in local currencies, which subject us to risks associated
with currency fluctuations. Currency devaluations and
unfavorable changes in international monetary and tax policies
could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and
financing plans, as could other changes in the international
regulatory climate and international economic conditions. Other
than Italy, where our risks are heightened due to the 13
properties we own, our international properties are
geographically diversified and are not concentrated in any
particular region.
Debt Financing
As a result of our debt obligations, we are subject to:
(i) the risk that cash flow from operations will be
insufficient to meet required payments of principal and
interest; and (ii) interest rate risk. Although we
anticipate that we will be able to repay or refinance our
existing indebtedness and any other indebtedness when
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it matures, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do
so or that the terms of such refinancings will be favorable. Our
leverage may have important consequences including the
following: (i) our ability to obtain additional financing
for acquisitions, working capital, capital expenditures or other
purposes, if necessary, may be impaired or such financing may
not be available on terms favorable to us; (ii) a
substantial decrease in operating cash flow or an increase in
our expenses could make it difficult for us to meet our debt
service requirements and force us to sell assets and/or modify
our operations; and (iii) our higher level of debt and
resulting interest expense may place us at a competitive
disadvantage with respect to certain competitors with lower
amounts of indebtedness and/or higher credit ratings. On
January 7, 2004, Moodys Investor Services and
Standard & Poors placed the Companys Ba1
and BB+ corporate credit ratings on review/watch for a possible
downgrade. The review/watch was prompted by the Companys
announcement that it had invested $200 million in Le
Meridien Hotels and Resorts Ltd. (Le Meridien)
senior debt and would be in discussions to negotiate the
potential recapitalization of Le Meridien. On January 27,
2005, Standard & Poors removed the Company from
its credit review/watch and affirmed the Companys BB+
rating with a stable outlook. Any downgrading of the
Companys credit rating may result in higher borrowing
costs on future financings and impact our ability to access
capital markets.
Risks Relating to So-Called Acts of God, Terrorist Activity
and War
Our financial and operating performance may be adversely
affected by so-called acts of God, such as natural disasters, in
locations where we own and/or operate significant properties and
areas of the world from which we draw a large number of
customers. Similarly, wars (including the potential for war),
terrorist activity (including threats of terrorist activity),
political unrest and other forms of civil strife and
geopolitical uncertainty have caused in the past, and may cause
in the future, our results to differ materially from anticipated
results.
Some Potential Losses are Not Covered by Insurance
We carry comprehensive insurance coverage for general liability,
property, business interruption and other risks with respect to
our owned and leased properties and we make available insurance
programs for owners of properties we manage and franchise. These
policies offer coverage features and insured limits that we
believe are customary for similar type properties. Generally,
our all-risk property policies provide that coverage
is available on a per occurrence basis and that, for each
occurrence, there is a limit as well as various sub-limits on
the amount of insurance proceeds we can receive. In addition,
there may be overall limits under the policies. Sub-limits exist
for certain types of claims such as service interruption,
abatement, expediting costs or landscaping replacement, and the
dollar amounts of these sub-limits are significantly lower than
the dollar amounts of the overall coverage limit. Our property
policies also provide that for the coverage of critical
earthquake (California and Mexico) and flood, all of the claims
from each of our properties resulting from a particular
insurable event must be combined together for purposes of
evaluating whether the annual aggregate limits and sub-limits
contained in our policies have been exceeded and any such claims
will also be combined with the claims of owners of managed
hotels that participate in our insurance program for the same
purpose. Therefore, if insurable events occur that affect more
than one of our owned hotels and/or managed hotels owned by
third parties that participate in our insurance program, the
claims from each affected hotel will be added together to
determine whether the annual aggregate limit or sub-limits,
depending on the type of claim, have been reached. If the limits
or sub-limits are exceeded, each affected hotel will only
receive a proportional share of the amount of insurance proceeds
provided for under the policy. In addition, under those
circumstances, claims by third party owners will reduce the
coverage available for our owned and leased properties.
In addition, there are also other risks such as war, certain
forms of terrorism such as nuclear, biological or chemical
terrorism, acts of God such as hurricanes and earthquakes and
some environmental hazards that may be deemed to fall completely
outside the general coverage limits of our policies or may be
uninsurable or may be too expensive to justify insuring against.
We may also encounter challenges with an insurance provider
regarding whether it will pay a particular claim that we believe
to be covered under our policy. Should an uninsured loss or a
loss in excess of insured
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limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we
have invested in a hotel or resort, as well as the anticipated
future revenue from the hotel or resort. In that event, we might
nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other
financial obligations related to the property.
Acquisitions
We intend to make acquisitions that complement our business.
There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to
identify acquisition candidates or complete acquisitions on
commercially reasonable terms or at all. On December 30,
2003, we announced our share ($200 million) of the
acquisition with Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (Lehman
Brothers) of all of the outstanding senior debt of Le
Meridien. As part of this investment, we entered into an
agreement with Lehman Brothers whereby they would negotiate with
us on an exclusive basis towards a recapitalization of Le
Meridien. The exclusivity period expired in early April 2004
although negotiations with Lehman Brothers are continuing. While
negotiations are continuing, there can be no assurance that
transaction agreements will be entered into or a transaction
consummated and if consummated what the terms and form of such a
transaction would be.
If the Le Meridien transaction or additional acquisitions are
made, there can be no assurance that any anticipated benefits
will actually be realized. Similarly, there can be no assurance
that we will be able to obtain additional financing for
acquisitions, or that the ability to obtain such financing will
not be restricted by the terms of our debt agreements.
Investing Through Partnerships or Joint Ventures Decreases
Our Ability to Manage Risk
In addition to acquiring or developing hotels and resorts
directly, we have from time to time invested, and expect to
continue to invest, as a co-venturer. Joint venturers often have
shared control over the operation of the joint venture assets.
Therefore, joint venture investments may involve risks such as
the possibility that the co-venturer in an investment might
become bankrupt or not have the financial resources to meet its
obligations, or have economic or business interests or goals
that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, or
be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or
requests or contrary to our policies or objectives.
Consequently, actions by a co-venturer might subject hotels and
resorts owned by the joint venture to additional risk. Although
we generally seek to maintain sufficient control of any joint
venture, we may be unable to take action without the approval of
our joint venture partners. Alternatively, our joint venture
partners could take actions binding on the joint venture without
our consent. Additionally, should a joint venture partner become
bankrupt, we could become liable for our partners share of
joint venture liabilities.
Dispositions
We periodically review our business to identify properties or
other assets that we believe either are non-core, (including
hotels where the return on invested capital is not adequate), no
longer complement our business, are in markets which may not
benefit us as much as other markets during an economic recovery
or could be sold at significant premiums. We are focused on
restructuring and enhancing real estate returns and monetizing
investments and from time to time, attempt to sell these
identified properties and assets. There can be no assurance,
however, that we will be able to complete dispositions on
commercially reasonable terms or at all.
Our Vacation Ownership Business Is Subject to Extensive
Regulation and Risk of Default
We market and sell VOIs, which typically entitle the buyer to
ownership of a fully-furnished resort unit for a one-week period
(or in the case of fractional ownership interests, generally for
three or more weeks) on either an annual or an alternate-year
basis. We also acquire, develop and operate vacation ownership
resorts, and provide financing to purchasers of VOIs. These
activities are all subject to extensive regulation by the
federal government and the states in which vacation ownership
resorts are located and in which VOIs are marketed and sold
including regulation of our telemarketing activities under state
and federal Do Not Call laws. In addition, the laws
of most states in which we sell VOIs grant the purchaser the
right to rescind the purchase contract at any time within a
statutory rescission period. Although we believe that we are in
material
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compliance with all applicable federal, state, local and foreign
laws and regulations to which vacation ownership marketing,
sales and operations are currently subject, changes in these
requirements or a determination by a regulatory authority that
we were not in compliance, could adversely affect us. In
particular, increased regulations of telemarketing activities
could adversely impact the marketing of our VOIs.
We bear the risk of defaults under purchaser mortgages on VOIs.
If a VOI purchaser defaults on the mortgage during the early
part of the loan amortization period, we will not have recovered
the marketing, selling (other than commissions in certain
events), and general and administrative costs associated with
such VOI, and such costs will be incurred again in connection
with the resale of the repossessed VOI. Accordingly, there is no
assurance that the sales price will be fully or partially
recovered from a defaulting purchaser or, in the event of such
defaults, that our allowance for losses will be adequate.
Recent Privacy Initiatives
We collect information relating to our guests for various
business purposes, including marketing and promotional purposes.
The collection and use of personal data are governed by privacy
laws and regulations enacted in the United States and other
jurisdictions around the world. Privacy regulations continue to
evolve and on occasion may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction
to another. Compliance with applicable privacy regulations may
increase our operating costs and/or adversely impact our ability
to market our products, properties and services to our guests.
In addition, non-compliance with applicable privacy regulations
by us (or in some circumstances non-compliance by third parties
engaged by us) may result in fines or restrictions on our use or
transfer of data.
Certain Interests
Barry S. Sternlicht is the Executive Chairman of the Corporation
and the Trust and, until October 1, 2004, was the Chief
Executive Officer. Mr. Sternlicht also serves as the
President and Chief Executive Officer of, and may be deemed to
control, Starwood Capital Group, L.L.C. (Starwood
Capital), a real estate investment firm. Starwood Capital
and the Company have entered into a non-compete agreement
whereby Starwood Capital may not purchase a hotel property in
the United States without the consent of the Company. Although
Starwood Capital is not subject to a non-compete agreement with
the Company for hotel properties outside of the United States,
as a matter of practice, all opportunities to purchase such
properties are also first presented to the Company in accordance
with the Companys Corporate Opportunity Policy. In each
case, to the extent that management of the Company recommends
not to pursue an opportunity, the Governance and Nominating
Committee of the Board of Directors (or other committee of
independent directors) will make a decision as to whether or not
the Company will pursue the opportunity. In addition, from time
to time, the Company has entered into transactions in which
Mr. Sternlicht has an interest. See Item 13. Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions. To the extent any
executive officer or director of the Company has an interest in
businesses that seek to do business with the Company, any
agreements with those businesses are subject to Governance and
Nominating Committee (or other committee of independent
directors) approval pursuant to the Companys Corporate
Opportunity Policy.
Ability to Manage Growth
Our future success and our ability to manage future growth
depend in large part upon the efforts of our senior management
and our ability to attract and retain key officers and other
highly qualified personnel. Competition for such personnel is
intense. During 2004, we experienced changes in our senior
management, including a new Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer. In addition, in February 2005 our President
and Chief Operating Officer announced his intention to retire at
the end of 2005. There can be no assurance that we will continue
to be successful in attracting and retaining qualified
personnel. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our
senior management will be able to successfully execute and
implement our growth and operating strategies.
7
Tax Risks
Failure of the Trust to Qualify as a REIT Would Increase
Our Tax Liability. Qualifying as a real estate
investment trust (a REIT) requires compliance with
highly technical and complex tax provisions that courts and
administrative agencies have interpreted only to a limited
degree. Also, facts and circumstances that we do not control may
affect the Trusts ability to qualify as a REIT. The Trust
believes that since the taxable year ended December 31,
1995, it has qualified as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended. The Trust intends to continue to operate so
it qualifies as a REIT. However, the Trust cannot assure you
that it will continue to qualify as a REIT. If the Trust fails
to qualify as a REIT for any prior tax year(s), the Trust would
be liable to pay a significant amount of taxes for those
year(s). Similarly, if the Trust fails to qualify as a REIT in
the future, our liability for taxes would increase.
Additional Legislation Could Eliminate or Reduce Certain
Benefits of Our Structure. On January 6, 1999, we
consummated a reorganization pursuant to an Agreement and Plan
of Restructuring dated as of September 16, 1998, as
amended, among the Corporation, ST Acquisition Trust, a wholly
owned subsidiary of the Corporation, and the Trust (the
Reorganization). Pursuant to the Reorganization, the
Trust became a subsidiary of the Corporation, which, through a
wholly-owned subsidiary, holds all the outstanding Class A
shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share,
of the Trust. The Reorganization was proposed in response to the
Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998
(H.R. 2676), which made it difficult for us to
acquire and operate additional hotels while still maintaining
our former status as a grandfathered paired share real
estate investment trust. While we believe that the
Reorganization was the best alternative in light of H.R. 2676
and that our current structure does not raise the same concerns
that led Congress to enact such legislation, no assurance can be
given that additional legislation, regulations or administrative
interpretations will not be adopted that would eliminate or
reduce certain benefits of the Reorganization and could have a
material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial
condition and prospects.
As part of the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of
2003, the tax rates on corporate dividends to shareholders were
decreased to 15 and 5 percent, depending on the
shareholders individual tax brackets. However, dividends
paid by a REIT are generally not eligible for the reduced
dividend tax rate. REIT dividends largely represent rents and
other income that are passed through to shareholders as
dividends deductible to the REIT, rather than corporate earnings
subject to the corporate income tax. The implementation of this
statute may cause individual investors to view stocks of
non-REIT corporations as more attractive relative to shares of
REITs than was the case previously.
Furthermore, the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the
Act) was enacted on October 22, 2004. The Act
made certain changes to the rules relating to REITs including,
for example, changes to the straight debt safe
harbor rules and provisions permitting a REIT in certain
circumstances to pay a monetary penalty for failure to satisfy a
REIT requirement in lieu of being subject to disqualification as
a REIT. However, given the fact that the statute was only
recently enacted, it is not entirely clear how the Internal
Revenue Service will apply and interpret each new provision of
the Act.
We undertake global tax planning in the normal course of
business. These activities may be subject to review by tax
authorities. As a result of the review process, uncertainties
exist and it is possible that some matters could be resolved
adversely to us.
Evolving government regulation could impose taxes or other
burdens on our business. We rely upon generally
available interpretations of tax laws and regulations in the
countries and locales in which we operate. We cannot be sure
that these interpretations are accurate or that the responsible
taxing authority is in agreement with our views. The imposition
of additional taxes could cause us to have to pay taxes that we
currently do not collect or pay or increase the costs of our
services or increase our costs of operations.
Our current business practice with our internet reservation
channels is that the intermediary collects hotel occupancy tax
from its customer based on the price that the intermediary paid
us for the hotel room. We then remit these taxes to the various
tax authorities. Several jurisdictions have stated that they may
take the position that the tax is also applicable to the
intermediaries gross profit on these hotel transactions. If
8
jurisdictions take this position, they should seek the
additional tax payments from the intermediary; however, it is
possible that they may seek to collect the additional tax
payment from us and we would not be able to collect these taxes
from the customers. To the extent that any tax authority
succeeds in asserting that the hotel occupancy tax applies to
the gross profit on these transactions, we believe that any
additional tax would be the responsibility of the intermediary.
However, it is possible that we might have additional tax
exposure. In such event, such actions could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and
financial condition.
Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Shares
No Person or Group May Own More Than 8% of Our
Shares. Our governing documents provide (subject to
certain exceptions) that no one person or group may own or be
deemed to own more than 8% of our outstanding stock or Shares of
beneficial interest, whether measured by vote, value or number
of Shares. There is an exception for shareholders who owned more
than 8% as of February 1, 1995, who may not own or be
deemed to own more than the lesser of 9.9% or the percentage of
Shares they held on that date, provided, that if the percentage
of Shares beneficially owned by such a holder decreases after
February 1, 1995, such a holder may not own or be deemed to
own more than the greater of 8% or the percentage owned after
giving effect to the decrease. We may waive this limitation if
we are satisfied that such ownership will not jeopardize the
Trusts status as a REIT. In addition, if Shares which
would cause the Trust to be beneficially owned by fewer than 100
persons are issued or transferred to any person, such issuance
or transfer shall be null and void. This ownership limit may
have the effect of precluding a change in control of us by a
third party without the consent of our Board of Directors, even
if such change in control would otherwise give the holders of
Shares or other of our equity securities the opportunity to
realize a premium over then-prevailing market prices, and even
if such change in control would not reasonably jeopardize the
status of the Trust as a REIT.
Our Board of Directors May Issue Preferred Stock and
Establish the Preferences and Rights of Such Preferred
Stock. Our charter provides that the total number of
shares of stock of all classes which the Corporation has
authority to issue is 1,350,000,000, initially consisting of one
billion shares of common stock, 50 million shares of excess
common stock, 200 million shares of preferred stock and
100 million shares of excess preferred stock. Our Board of
Directors has the authority, without a vote of shareholders, to
establish the preferences and rights of any preferred or other
class or series of shares to be issued and to issue such shares.
The issuance of preferred shares or other shares having special
preferences or rights could delay or prevent a change in control
even if a change in control would be in the interests of our
shareholders. Since our Board of Directors has the power to
establish the preferences and rights of additional classes or
series of shares without a shareholder vote, our Board of
Directors may give the holders of any class or series
preferences, powers and rights, including voting rights, senior
to the rights of holders of our shares.
Our Board of Directors May Implement Anti-Takeover Devices
and our Charter and By-Laws Contain Provisions which May Prevent
Takeovers. Certain provisions of Maryland law permit our
Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, to implement
possible takeover defenses that are not currently in place, such
as a classified board. In addition, our charter contains
provisions relating to restrictions on transferability of the
Corporation Shares, which may be amended only by the affirmative
vote of our shareholders holding two-thirds of the votes
entitled to be cast on the matter. As permitted under the
Maryland General Corporation Law, our Bylaws provide that
directors have the exclusive right to amend our Bylaws.
Our Shareholder Rights Plan Would Cause Substantial
Dilution to Any Shareholder That Attempts to Acquire Us on Terms
Not Approved by Our Board of Directors. We adopted a
shareholder rights plan which provides, among other things, that
when specified events occur, our shareholders will be entitled
to purchase from us a newly created series of junior preferred
stock, subject to the ownership limit described above. The
preferred stock purchase rights are triggered by the earlier to
occur of (i) ten days after the date of a public
announcement that a person or group acting in concert has
acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership
of 15% or more of our outstanding Corporation Shares or
(ii) ten business days after the commencement of or
announcement of an intention to make a tender offer or exchange
offer, the consummation of which would result in the acquiring
person becoming the beneficial owner of 15% or more of
9
our outstanding Corporation Shares. The preferred stock purchase
rights would cause substantial dilution to a person or group
that attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by our Board
of Directors.
Changes in Stock Option Accounting Rules May
Adversely Impact Our Reported Operating Results Prepared in
Accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Our
Stock Price and Our Competitiveness in the Employee
Marketplace. We have a history of using broad based
employee stock option programs to hire, incentivize and retain
our workforce. Currently, Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (SFAS) No. 123, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation, allows companies the choice of
either using a fair value method of accounting for options,
which would result in expense recognition for all options
granted, or using an intrinsic value method, as prescribed by
Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB)
No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees, with a pro forma disclosure of the impact on
net income of using the fair value recognition method. We have
elected to apply APB No. 25 and accordingly, we do not
recognize any expense with respect to employee stock options as
long as such options are granted at exercise prices equal to the
fair value of our Shares on the date of grant.
In the fourth quarter of 2004, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board (FASB) concluded that
SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, will
be effective for public companies for interim or annual periods
beginning after June 15, 2005. Under
SFAS No. 123(R), companies must measure compensation
cost for all share-based payments, including employee stock
options, using a fair value based method and these payments must
be recognized as expenses in our statements of operations. The
implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) beginning in the
third quarter of fiscal 2005 will require us to expense the fair
value of our stock options in our consolidated statement of
operations rather than disclosing the impact on results of
operations within our footnotes in accordance with the
disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123 (see Note 2
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The
implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) will result in lower
reported earnings per share, which could negatively impact our
future stock price. In addition, this could negatively impact
our ability to utilize employee stock plans to recruit and
retain employees and could result in a competitive disadvantage
to us in the employee marketplace.
General
We are one of the worlds largest hotel and leisure
companies. We conduct our hotel and leisure business both
directly and through our subsidiaries. Our brand names include
St. Regis®, The Luxury Collection®, Sheraton®,
Westin®, W® and Four Points® by Sheraton. Through
these brands, we are well represented in most major markets
around the world. Our operations are grouped into two business
segments, hotels and vacation ownership operations.
Our revenue and earnings are derived primarily from hotel
operations, which include the operation of our owned hotels;
management and other fees earned from hotels we manage pursuant
to management contracts; and the receipt of franchise and other
fees.
Our hotel business emphasizes the global operation of hotels and
resorts primarily in the luxury and upscale segment of the
lodging industry. We seek to acquire interests in, or management
or franchise rights with respect to properties in this segment.
At December 31, 2004, our hotel portfolio included owned,
leased, managed and franchised hotels totaling 733 hotels with
approximately 231,000 rooms in more than 80 countries, and is
comprised of 140 hotels that we own or lease or in which we have
a majority equity interest, 283 hotels managed by us on behalf
of third-party owners (including entities in which we have a
minority equity interest) and 310 hotels for which we receive
franchise fees.
Our revenues and earnings are also derived from the development,
ownership and operation of vacation ownership resorts, marketing
and selling VOIs in the resorts and providing financing to
customers who purchase such interests. Generally these resorts
are marketed under the brand names mentioned above. At
December 31, 2004, we had 19 vacation ownership resorts in
the United States and the Bahamas.
The Trust was organized in 1969, and the Corporation was
incorporated in 1980, both under the laws of Maryland. Sheraton
Hotels & Resorts and Westin Hotels & Resorts,
Starwoods largest brands, have been
10
serving guests for more than 60 years. Starwood Vacation
Ownership (and its predecessor, Vistana, Inc.) has been selling
VOIs for more than 20 years.
Our principal executive offices are located at
1111 Westchester Avenue, White Plains, New York 10604, and
our telephone number is (914) 640-8100.
For a discussion of our revenues, profits, assets and
geographical segments, see the notes to financial statements of
this Joint Annual Report. For additional information concerning
our business, see Item 2. Properties, of this Joint Annual
Report.
Competitive Strengths
Management believes that the following factors contribute to our
position as a leader in the lodging and vacation ownership
industry and provide a foundation for the Companys
business strategy:
Brand Strength. We have assumed a leadership
position in markets worldwide based on our superior global
distribution, coupled with strong brands and brand recognition.
Our upscale and luxury brands continue to capture market share
from our competitors by aggressively cultivating new customers
while maintaining loyalty among the worlds most active
travelers. The strength of our brands is evidenced, in part, by
the superior ratings received from our hotel guests and from
industry publications. In 2004 we had more than 30 of our hotels
on the Condé Nast Travelers 2004 Readers Choice
Awards List, including four hotels on their Top 100 Best
Hotels in the World. For the third year in a row we were
named the Worlds Leading Hotel Group at the
World Travel Awards.
Frequent Guest Program. Our loyalty program,
Starwood Preferred Guest® (SPG), has over
22 million members and since its inception in 1999, has
been awarded the Hotel Program of the Year five times by
consumers via the prestigious Freddie Awards. SPG has also
received awards for Best Customer Service, Best Web Site, Best
Elite-Level Program and Best Award Redemption. SPG, which
was the first loyalty program in the hotel industry with a
policy of no blackout dates and no capacity controls, enables
members to redeem stays when they want and where they want. SPG
yields repeat guest business due to rewarding frequent stays and
purchasers of VOIs with points towards free hotel stays and
other rewards, or airline miles with any of the participating 32
airline programs.
Significant Presence in Top Markets. Our luxury
and upscale hotel and resort assets are well positioned
throughout the world. These assets are primarily located in
major cities and resort areas that management believes have
historically demonstrated a strong breadth, depth and growing
demand for luxury and upscale hotels and resorts, in which the
supply of sites suitable for hotel development has been limited
and in which development of such sites is relatively expensive.
Premier and Distinctive Properties. We control a
distinguished and diversified group of hotel properties
throughout the world, including the St. Regis in New York, New
York; The Phoenician in Scottsdale, Arizona; the Hotel Gritti
Palace in Venice, Italy; the St. Regis in Beijing, China; and
the Westin Palace in Madrid, Spain. These are among the leading
hotels in the industry and are at the forefront of providing the
highest quality and service. Our properties are consistently
recognized as the best of the best by readers of Condé Nast
Traveler, who are among the worlds most sophisticated and
discerning group of travelers. The November 2004 edition of the
Condé Nast Traveler Magazine named four Starwood properties
in the top 100 Best in the World, with over
30 properties listed in the Readers Choice Awards
list. In addition, the Condé Nast Traveler Magazine January
2005 issue included 51 Starwood properties among its
prestigious Gold List and Gold List Reserve, more than any other
hotel company.
Scale. As one of the largest hotel and leisure
companies focusing on the luxury and upscale full-service
lodging market, we have the scale to support our core marketing
and reservation functions. We also believe that our scale will
contribute to lower our cost of operations through purchasing
economies areas such as insurance, energy, telecommunications,
technology, employee benefits, food and beverage, furniture,
fixtures and equipment and operating supplies.
11
Diversification of Cash Flow and Assets.
Management believes that the diversity of our brands, market
segments served, revenue sources and geographic locations
provides a broad base from which to enhance revenue and profits
and to strengthen our global brands. This diversity limits our
exposure to any particular lodging or vacation ownership asset,
brand or geographic region.
While we focus on the luxury and upscale portion of the
full-service lodging and vacation ownership markets, our brands
cater to a diverse group of sub-markets within this market. For
example, the St. Regis hotels cater to high-end hotel and resort
clientele while Four Points by Sheraton hotels deliver extensive
amenities and services at more affordable rates.
We derive our cash flow from multiple sources within our hotel
and vacation ownership segments, including owned hotels activity
and management and franchise fees, and are geographically
diverse with operations around the world. The following tables
reflect our hotel and vacation ownership properties by type of
revenue source and geographical presence by major geographic
area as of December 31, 2004:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Number of | |
|
|
| |
|
Properties | |
|
Rooms | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
Owned
hotels(a)
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
50,000 |
|
|
Managed and unconsolidated joint venture hotels
|
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
101,000 |
|
|
Franchised hotels
|
|
|
310 |
|
|
|
80,000 |
|
|
Vacation ownership resorts
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total properties
|
|
|
752 |
|
|
|
236,000 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
|
Includes wholly owned, majority owned and leased hotels. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Number of | |
|
|
| |
|
Properties | |
|
Rooms | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
North America
|
|
|
437 |
|
|
|
151,000 |
|
|
Europe, Africa and the Middle East
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
43,000 |
|
|
Latin America
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
Asia Pacific
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
32,000 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
752 |
|
|
|
236,000 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business Segment and Geographical Information
Incorporated by reference in Note 21. Business Segment and
Geographical Information, in the notes to financial statements
set forth in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data.
Business Strategy
Our primary business objective is to maximize earnings and cash
flow by increasing the profitability of our existing portfolio;
selectively acquiring interests in additional assets; increasing
the number of our hotel management contracts and franchise
agreements; acquiring and developing vacation ownership resorts
and selling VOIs; and maximizing the value of our owned real
estate properties, including selectively disposing of non-core
hotels (including hotels where the return on invested capital is
not adequate) and trophy assets that may be sold at
significant premiums. We plan to meet these objectives by
leveraging our global assets, broad customer base and other
resources and by taking advantage of our scale to reduce costs.
The uncertainty relating to political and economic environments
around the world and their consequent impact on travel in their
respective regions and the rest of the world, make financial
planning and implementation of our strategy more challenging.
12
Growth Opportunities. Management has identified
several growth opportunities with a goal of enhancing our
operating performance and profitability, including:
|
|
|
| |
|
Continuing to expand our role as a third-party manager of hotels
and resorts. This allows us to expand the presence of our
lodging brands and gain additional cash flow generally with
modest capital commitment; |
| |
| |
|
Franchising the Sheraton, Westin, Four Points by Sheraton and
Luxury Collection brands to selected third-party operators and
licensing the Westin, W and St. Regis brand names to selected
third parties in connection with luxury residential
condominiums, thereby expanding our market presence, enhancing
the exposure of our hotel brands and providing additional income
through franchise and license fees; |
| |
| |
|
Expanding our internet presence and sales capabilities to
increase revenue and improve customer service; |
| |
| |
|
Continuing to grow our frequent guest program, thereby
increasing occupancy rates while providing our customers with
benefits based upon loyalty to our hotels and vacation ownership
resorts; |
| |
| |
|
Enhancing our marketing efforts by integrating our proprietary
customer databases, so as to sell additional products and
services to existing customers, improve occupancy rates and
create additional marketing opportunities; |
| |
| |
|
Optimizing use of our real estate assets to improve ancillary
revenue, such as condominium sales and restaurant, beverage and
parking revenue from our hotels and resorts; |
| |
| |
|
Continuing to build the W hotel brand to appeal to
upscale business travelers and other customers seeking
full-service hotels in major markets by, among other things,
placing Bliss Spas® and Bliss branded amenities in
W hotels and expanding the W brand to resorts, in
non-urban areas; |
| |
| |
|
Innovations such as the Heavenly Bed® and Heavenly
Bath®, the Sheraton Sweet
Sleepersm
Bed, the Sheraton Service
Promisesm
and the Four Points by Sheraton Four Comfort
Bedsm; |
| |
| |
|
Renovating, upgrading and expanding our branded hotels to
further our strategy of strengthening brand identity; |
| |
| |
|
Developing additional vacation ownership resorts and leveraging
our hotel real estate assets where possible through VOI
construction and residential or condominium sales; |
| |
| |
|
Leveraging the Bliss product line and distribution
channels; and |
| |
| |
|
Increasing operating efficiencies through increased use of
technology. |
We intend to explore opportunities to expand and diversify our
hotel portfolio through internal development, minority
investments and selective acquisitions of properties
domestically and internationally that meet some or all of the
following criteria:
|
|
|
| |
|
Luxury and upscale hotels and resorts in major metropolitan
areas and business centers; |
| |
| |
|
Major tourist hotels, destination resorts or conference centers
that have favorable demographic trends and are located in
markets with significant barriers to entry or with major room
demand generators such as office or retail complexes, airports,
tourist attractions or universities; |
| |
| |
|
Undervalued hotels whose performance can be increased by
re-branding to one of our hotel brands, the introduction of
better and more efficient management techniques and practices
and/or the injection of capital for renovating, expanding or
repositioning the property; |
13
|
|
|
| |
|
Hotels or brands which would enable us to provide a wider range
of amenities and services to customers or provide attractive
geographic distribution; and |
| |
| |
|
Portfolios of hotels or hotel companies that exhibit some or all
of the criteria listed above, where the purchase of several
hotels in one transaction enables us to obtain favorable pricing
or obtain attractive assets that would otherwise not be
available or realize cost reductions on operating the hotels by
incorporating them into the Starwood system. |
We may also selectively choose to develop and construct
desirable hotels and resorts to help us meet our strategic
goals, such as the ongoing development of the St. Regis Museum
Tower Hotel in San Francisco, California which is expected
to have approximately 260 hotel rooms and 102 residential
condominiums.
Furthermore, we have developed plans along with third party
developers for flexible new-build Sheraton and Westin
prototypes, with the intent of expanding these brands into
tertiary markets.
Competition
The hotel industry is highly competitive. Competition is
generally based on quality and consistency of room, restaurant
and meeting facilities and services, attractiveness of
locations, availability of a global distribution system, price,
the ability to earn and redeem loyalty program points and other
factors. Management believes that we compete favorably in these
areas. Our properties compete with other hotels and resorts,
including facilities owned by local interests and facilities
owned by national and international chains, in their geographic
markets. Our principal competitors include other hotel operating
companies, ownership companies (including hotel REITs) and
national and international hotel brands.
We encounter strong competition as a hotel, resort and vacation
ownership operator and developer. While some of our competitors
are private management firms, several are large national and
international chains that own and operate their own hotels, as
well as manage hotels for third-party owners and develop and
sell VOIs, under a variety of brands that compete directly with
our brands. In addition, hotel management contracts are
typically long-term arrangements, but most allow the hotel owner
to replace the management firm if certain financial or
performance criteria are not met.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to certain requirements and potential liabilities
under various federal, state and local environmental laws,
ordinances and regulations (Environmental Laws). For
example, a current or previous owner or operator of real
property may become liable for the costs of removal or
remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in
such property. Such laws often impose liability without regard
to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible
for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. The
presence of hazardous or toxic substances may adversely affect
the owners ability to sell or rent such real property or
to borrow using such real property as collateral. Persons who
arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic
wastes may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of
such wastes at the treatment, storage or disposal facility,
regardless of whether such facility is owned or operated by such
person. We use certain substances and generate certain wastes
that may be deemed hazardous or toxic under applicable
Environmental Laws, and we from time to time have incurred, and
in the future may incur, costs related to cleaning up
contamination resulting from historic uses of certain of our
current or former properties or our treatment, storage or
disposal of wastes at facilities owned by others. Other
Environmental Laws require abatement or removal of certain
asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) (limited
quantities of which are present in various building materials
such as spray-on insulation, floor coverings, ceiling coverings,
tiles, decorative treatments and piping located at certain of
our hotels) in the event of damage or demolition, or certain
renovations or remodeling. These laws also govern emissions of
and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. Environmental Laws
also regulate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
which may be present in electrical equipment. A number of our
hotels have underground storage tanks (USTs) and
equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); the
operation and subsequent removal or upgrading of certain USTs
and the use of equipment containing CFCs also are regulated by
Environmental Laws. In connection
14
with our ownership, operation and management of our properties,
we could be held liable for costs of remedial or other action
with respect to PCBs, USTs or CFCs.
Environmental Laws are not the only source of environmental
liability. Under the common law, owners and operators of real
property may face liability for personal injury or property
damage because of various environmental conditions such as
alleged exposure to hazardous or toxic substances (including,
but not limited to, ACMs, PCBs and CFCs), poor indoor air
quality, radon or poor drinking water quality.
Although we have incurred and expect to incur remediation and
various environmental-related costs during the ordinary course
of operations, management anticipates that such costs will not
have a material adverse effect on the operations or financial
condition of the Company.
Seasonality and Diversification
The hotel industry is seasonal in nature; however, the periods
during which our properties experience higher revenue activities
vary from property to property and depend principally upon
location. Generally, our revenues and operating income have been
lower in the first quarter than in the second, third or fourth
quarters.
Comparability of Owned Hotel Results
We continually update and renovate our owned, leased and
consolidated joint venture hotels. While undergoing renovation,
these hotels are generally not operating at full capacity and,
as such, these renovations can negatively impact our revenues
and operating income.
Employees
At December 31, 2004, we employed approximately 120,000
employees at our corporate offices, owned and managed hotels and
vacation ownership resorts, of whom approximately 44% were
employed in the United States. At December 31, 2004,
approximately 35% of the U.S.-based employees were