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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
þ ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended April 2, 2005
OR
o TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period
from
to
Commission file number 0-22511
RF MICRO DEVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
NORTH CAROLINA
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
56-1733461
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
7628 Thorndike Road Greensboro, North Carolina 27409-9421,
(336) 664-1233
(Address of principal executive offices, zip code and
registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, no par value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
Yes þ No o
The aggregate market value of the registrants common stock
held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately
$1,229,989,220 as of October 1, 2004. For purposes of such
calculation, shares of common stock held by persons who hold
more than 10% of the outstanding shares of common stock and
shares held by directors and officers of the registrant and
their immediate family members have been excluded because such
persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination is
not necessarily conclusive.
There were 188,107,321 shares of the registrants common
stock outstanding as of May 27, 2005.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant has incorporated by reference into Part III
of this report portions of its proxy statement for its 2005
annual meeting of shareholders to be held on August 2, 2005.
1
RF Micro Devices, Inc.
Form 10-K
For The Fiscal Year Ended April 2, 2005
Index.
2
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
Forward-Looking Information
This report includes forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our
plans, objectives, representations and contentions and are not
historical facts and typically are identified by use of terms
such as may, will, should,
could, expect, plan,
anticipate, believe,
estimate, predict,
potential, continue and similar words,
although some forward-looking statements are expressed
differently. You should be aware that the forward-looking
statements included herein represent managements current
judgment and expectations, but our actual results, events and
performance could differ materially from those expressed or
implied by forward-looking statements. We do not intend to
update any of these forward-looking statements or publicly
announce the results of any revisions to these forward-looking
statements, other than as is required under the federal
securities laws.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and
is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our consolidated
financial statements, including the notes thereto.
PART I
We use a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Saturday
closest to March 31 of each year. Fiscal years 2005 and
2003 were 52-week years and fiscal year 2004 was a 53-week year.
Our other fiscal quarters end on the Saturday closest to
June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each
year. For purposes of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we
describe each fiscal year as having ended on March 31 and
the first three quarters of each fiscal year are described as
having ended on June 30, September 30 and
December 31.
Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report
to RF Micro, the Company,
we, us and our refer to RF
Micro Devices, Inc. and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
Introduction
RF Micro Devices, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the
State of North Carolina in 1991. We design, develop, manufacture
and market proprietary radio frequency (RF) components and
system level solutions (products) primarily for
wireless communications products and applications. We are the
leading supplier of power amplifiers (PAs), one of the most
critical radio frequency components in cellular phones. Our
aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) heterojunction bipolar
transistor (also referred to as GaAs HBT) process technology
offers distinct advantages over other technologies for the
manufacture of current and next-generation PAs. Our products are
included primarily in cellular phones, base stations, wireless
local area networks (WLANs), cable television modems and global
positioning systems (GPS). The majority of our revenue is
derived from sales of products designed for cellular phones. We
offer a broad array of products including amplifiers, mixers,
modulators/demodulators, Bluetooth® components and
transmitters, receivers and transceivers that represent a
substantial majority of the products required in wireless
subscriber equipment. These products perform the transmit and
receive functions that are critical to the performance of
wireless devices.
We design and manufacture products that are fabricated using
multiple semiconductor process technologies. These technologies
include GaAs HBT, GaAs metal-semiconductor field-effect
transistor (MESFET), indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) HBT,
silicon bipolar transistor, silicon complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), silicon BiCMOS (integration of
bipolar transistors and CMOS) and silicon germanium (SiGe)
BiCMOS. We are continuing to invest in the development of
integrated circuits utilizing gallium nitride (GaN) and
currently expect to commence commercial production of GaN-based
products during calendar year 2007. We will begin production
shipments of switching devices in fiscal 2006 using our GaAs
pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) process.
Handset manufacturers try to maximize trade-offs between
performance and cost. Our approach to using multiple
semiconductor process technologies allows us to offer customers
products that fulfill their performance, cost and time-to-market
requirements. We call this approach to business Optimum
Technology Matching®.
Our products are purchased by essentially all of the leading
original equipment handset manufacturers (OEMs) such as Nokia
Corporation, Motorola, Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., LG
Electronics, Inc., Siemens, A.G., Sony Ericsson Mobile
Communications, Sanyo Electric Company, Ltd., NEC Corp. and
DBTel Networks. In addition, our products are purchased by
leading original design manufacturers (ODMs) such as Arima
Communications Corporation, Curitel Communications, Inc. and its
affiliate Pantech, Inc., BENQ Corporation and Lite-On Technology
Corporation. ODMs offer lower-cost wireless devices for resale
by OEMs.
A key element of our business strategy involves the potential
acquisition of businesses, assets, products or technologies that
allow us to reduce the time required to develop new technologies
and products and bring them to market, complement our existing
product offerings, expand our market coverage, increase our
engineering workforce and enhance our technological capabilities.
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RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
During fiscal 2003, we entered into a strategic relationship
with Jazz Semiconductor, Inc. (Jazz), a privately-held RF and
mixed signal silicon wafer foundry, for silicon manufacturing
and development. As a part of the strategic relationship, we
invested $60.0 million in Jazz, which resulted in an
approximate 11 percent ownership interest. Within the
strategic relationship, we obtained a committed low cost source
of supply for wafers fabricated utilizing Jazzs silicon
manufacturing processes and the ability to collaborate with Jazz
on joint process development and the optimization of these
processes for fabrication of next-generation silicon products.
In May 2004, we completed the acquisition of Silicon Wave, Inc.
Silicon Waves Bluetooth® product portfolio
included CMOS radio solutions as well as highly integrated
single-chip CMOS solutions, which included radio, baseband
processor, processor core and memory or what is
commonly referred to as system-on-chip (SoC). Our CMOS
Bluetooth® solutions reduce the requirements for
external flash memory and minimize the use of external RF
components. This represents a cost and size advantage compared
to competitors solutions. Our Bluetooth®
products are currently in production and in use supporting
multiple applications, including cellular handsets, headsets, PC
peripherals and consumer electronics devices.
We report information as one operating segment. Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, Disclosures
about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information
(SFAS 131), established standards for the way that public
companies report information about operating segments in annual
consolidated financial statements. Although we had three
business units as of March 31, 2005 (Cellular, Wireless
Connectivity and Infrastructure), we report information as one
operating segment pursuant to the aggregation criteria set forth
in SFAS 131.
As part of our cellular business we have expanded our product
portfolio to include other radio functions. For example, we
entered the transceiver market with our
POLARIStm
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RADIOtm
transceiver solutions, which provide handset manufacturers with
a reduced-size, highly integrated radio solution that helps
reduce component count and total cost while providing superior
radio performance, thereby enabling handset manufacturers to add
additional functionality and content such as GPS, WLAN, MP3,
televisions, e-mail, FM radios and cameras. We believe our
POLARIStm
2 TOTAL
RADIOtm
transceiver solution for Enhanced Data for Global Evolution
(EDGE) handsets provides EDGE functionality with fewer
components than competing approaches through a unique and
innovative architecture called open-loop large signal polar
modulation. During the third quarter of fiscal 2005, we reached
volume production shipments of our
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RADIOtm
transceiver solution for global system for mobile communications
(GSM)/general packet radio system (GPRS) handsets and our
POLARIStm
2 TOTAL
RADIOtm
transceiver solution for EDGE handsets.
We believe that a trend in the market for GSM/GPRS and EDGE
cellular handsets is the transition from the PA module to the
highly integrated transmit module. By combining the PA and
antenna switch, the transmit module reduces the component count
in cellular phones. During fiscal 2005, we focused our research
and development efforts on this transition and expect shipments
to begin in fiscal 2006.
Our wireless connectivity business focuses on developing and
producing components for WLAN and developing and producing
solutions for Bluetooth® and GPS. During the first
quarter of fiscal 2005, the acquisition of Silicon Wave enhanced
our Bluetooth® product portfolio. We are continuing
to develop a highly integrated SoC Bluetooth®
solution that features Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) and
utilizes 0.13 micron CMOS. This product consumes less power than
current Bluetooth® products and, as a result of its
small size, low power consumption and low materials cost, is
specifically designed for mobile phone applications. We have
recently licensed Near Field Communications technology for
cellular handset applications, which we believe will enable
handsets to replace credit cards for point of sale financial
transactions. This technology provides secure wireless
transactions that prevent fraud and minimize identity theft. We
also recently announced production shipments of the
industrys first sole-sourced converged
Bluetooth®/GPS solution.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005, we discontinued our
internal WLAN chipset development efforts, which were focused on
a two-chip solution comprised of an all CMOS integrated baseband
and media access controller (MAC) chip and an all CMOS
transceiver for 802.11 a/b/g. We took this action as a result of
our difficulties in bringing competitive WLAN chipset solutions
to the market in a timely manner. We are continuing to invest in
our WLAN component business, which includes transceivers for
gaming and other applications as well as 802.11 PAs, radios and
front-end modules for all WLAN applications.
Our infrastructure business is comprised of components for
wireless base stations, which historically have included a
variety of small signal devices including adjustable gain
control (AGC) amplifiers, gain blocks, multi-stage
amplifiers, low noise amplifiers (LNA) and quadrature
modulators. Recently, we introduced infrastructure pre-driver
PAs that leverage thermal enhancements that we have made to our
GaAs process, which we believe enables superior efficiency. We
expect production shipments of these products during fiscal
2006. We are also working to commercialize our GaN RF power
transistor process, which we plan to use to design high power
amplifiers (HPAs) specifically for use in 2.5G and 3G wireless
base stations. In addition,
4
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
during fiscal year 2005 we contracted with the
U.S. Department of Defense to conduct research and
development on GaN technology. We expect to transition our GaN
semiconductor processes from our research and development
facility in Charlotte, North Carolina, to one of our wafer
fabrication facilities in Greensboro, North Carolina, during
fiscal 2006.
Industry Overview
The wireless communications industry has grown rapidly over the
past 20 years as a result of technological advances,
changes in telecommunications regulations and the allocation and
licensing of additional radio spectrum. These factors have led
to the emergence of competing wireless communications
businesses, the expansion of wireless services into new markets
such as China and India and the continuing development of new
wireless applications and services. Higher data access speeds,
multimedia capabilities, simultaneous access to multiple
services and global roaming are now common features on wireless
devices.
The wireless communications industry growth is being fueled by
several sources. The availability and mass deployment of
additional telecommunications standards, such as GPRS, EDGE,
Code Division Multiple Access Next Generation (CDMA-1X),
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), IEEE 802.11
for WLANs and Bluetooth®, have increased the overall
size of the market. New wireless products with improved
features, such as telephones with cameras,
Bluetooth® peripherals, personal digital assistants
(PDAs), smartphones, Personal Computer (PC) Cards and GPS,
have contributed to the industry growth. In addition, the
emergence of new communications services and technologies, such
as Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) and public area
hot spots that facilitate wireless Internet
connectivity through the use of WLANs, has increased the demand
for wireless communication products. Moreover, technological
advances throughout the entire supply chain have reduced
barriers to entry and enabled broad access to entry level
voice-only cellular phones. Although voice-only cellular phones
initially were the primary end-use application for our products,
we now supply products to rapidly growing segments in the
wireless communications industry focused on data communication,
including WLANs and next-generation cellular handsets. The total
available market for wireless devices is anticipated to expand
as the industry moves to data-intensive applications such as
multimedia messaging service, gaming and video. Higher data rate
standards require higher functionality phones and in some cases
the convergence of multiple standards, thereby promoting the
development and manufacturing of new feature-enhanced wireless
devices. At the same time, the market for lower-tier voice-only
phones requires low-cost, less complex optimized wireless
devices that can be brought to market quickly. Such phones are
especially appropriate for new users in developing nations who
historically have not been able to afford a phone. If this
market can be tapped, the potential for phone sales could
increase significantly.
The industry trend is to develop new wireless communications
devices for operation under air interface standards with higher
data rates. Classic analog and digital communication standards
used primarily for voice, such as Advanced Mobile Phone Service
(AMPS), GSM, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and CDMA
are being replaced in the design cycle by the emergence and
deployment of additional telecommunications standards, including
GPRS, EDGE, CDMA-1X and WCDMA. The handsets designed for each
air interface standard generally require unique radio frequency
and baseband integrated circuit solutions and these solutions
become more complex and technically challenging as data rates
increase. Similarly, Bluetooth® has evolved to a
higher data rate, and WLANs, which function under the
IEEE 802.11 standards, are migrating to higher data
transmission rates and higher frequencies. Additional
communications standards make it more difficult for OEMs of
subscriber equipment to develop and supply all of the required
components in a timely and cost-effective manner. For this
reason, some OEMs have begun to rely on third party value-added
technology providers that have the component- and systems-level
expertise to design and the captive production capacity to
supply these solutions. This technology-outsourcing trend is
particularly evident in the radio frequency segment of the
equipment due to scarcity of engineers and the design complexity
of the radio technologies. Technology outsourcing has
materialized both in OEMs reliance on suppliers to provide
more integrated RF solutions and OEMs use of ODMs and
contract manufacturers for handset production.
In addition, due to the recent increases in handset
functionality, OEMs are utilizing their in-house resources to
focus on the addition of newly-available hardware and software
functions, such as FM radios, MP3 players, cameras, televisions,
GPS, e-mail and Java-based applications. As a result, OEMs have
increased their reliance on third party value-added technology
providers since they have redeployed or reduced in-house
research and development resources. Therefore, we have continued
to sharpen our focus on high performance, integrated solutions,
and we expect to increase our market share by expanding our
footprint with these integrated products, such as our
single-chip complete Bluetooth® solution, the
expansion of our PowerStar® family of PA modules and
the continued development of our
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TOTAL
RADIOtm
solutions.
The emergence of technological advances has led to the rapid
growth of the wireless communications industry, and the industry
continues to evolve at a fast pace. As this market changes, new
communications standards emerge, new competitors enter the
market,
5
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
new products, applications and services become the primary
forces for growth and new risks are presented. We believe this
dynamic market presents us with significant opportunities to
accomplish our business objectives.
Strategy
Our goal is to be the premier supplier of low-cost,
high-performance integrated components and system level
solutions for applications that enable wireless communications.
To meet this goal, we have developed a strategy centered on
customer relationships, technology leadership and manufacturing
excellence that we believe will help us achieve better than
industry average revenue and earnings growth over the long-term.
The key elements are:
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Customer Relationships. We believe that our customer
relationships are central to our ability to continue growing our
business. We have established solid customer relationships with
the leading OEMs and ODMs that put us in the position to
continue our growth. Our ability to increase our dollar content
within the handset and other wireless devices is driven by the
early market intelligence that is shared with us by our customer
base. This level of trust is earned by providing the customer
full support in every facet of the business. We provide our
customers with world-class design and application support that
is enhanced by our ability to deliver on our manufacturing
commitments. We will continue to make investments to fully
service the increasing needs of our customers. We believe our
customers trust us to develop highly integrated solutions that
in many cases have more intellectual property content than the
versions previously designed by the customer. In order to
increase efficiencies, decrease component count and improve
profitability, our customers are reducing their supplier base to
include only those with broad product offerings across multiple
wireless protocols. We intend to capitalize on this trend by
assembling the necessary RF building blocks required by our
customers. Our customers are our top priority and our future is
dependent on maintaining strong relationships with them. |
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Technology Leadership. Bringing innovative technology to
market is critical to our continued growth. We are technology
innovators in several key areas, including circuit design,
packaging technology and semiconductor process technology. Our
design engineering teams focus on developing products that solve
real world problems for our customers. The products that we
design are becoming more integrated and in many cases require
multiple person design teams to complete. We have invested
extensively in providing our design engineers with software and
modeling tools to complete these more complex products.
Additionally, in terms of our employees, we have focused our
recruiting efforts on addressing our need for digital design
expertise, system level architecture and software development.
We maintain technology leadership in packaging technology that
allows us to deliver innovative, smaller form factor and lower
cost solutions to our customers. We continuously strive to make
improvements in our GaAs HBT technology for PAs and have
internally developed GaAs pHEMT for switches. Through our
relationship with Jazz, we invest in silicon process development
designed to maximize the high-speed analog performance of
silicon CMOS and SiGe devices. Other foundries, such as Taiwan
Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), provide us
with access to leading technology in silicon CMOS and SiGe. We
also invest in technologies for the future, such as GaN, which
we believe offers significant performance advantages over
existing silicon-based technologies. |
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Manufacturing Excellence. We routinely ship over one
million devices per day. Our customers rely on our ability to
meet their delivery schedules. Our world-class manufacturing
capabilities allow us to respond quickly to changes in customer
demand, giving us what we believe is a significant competitive
advantage. We are the worlds leading manufacturer of GaAs
HBT devices and plan to continue making investments in GaAs HBT
and GaAs pHEMT manufacturing capacity to meet the growing needs
of our customers. Silicon manufacturing capacity is becoming
increasingly important for our growth. The silicon percentage of
our total shipments has grown significantly due to the
production ramp of our highly integrated silicon products,
including
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RADIOtm
solutions and Bluetooth® products. To address the
capacity requirements for these components we have established
top tier relationships with TSMC, IBM and United
Microelectronics Corp. Additionally, we have invested in
guaranteed silicon capacity at Jazz. We have addressed packaging
capacity by developing strong relationships with the
worlds leading assembly houses. We have invested in our
own assembly capabilities and are currently bringing this
on-line to expand assembly capacity and lower our overall cost
structure. We currently test the majority of our components at
our own high-volume, low-cost test facilities. We also outsource
product testing to certain assembly houses and will likely
outsource an increasing percentage of our production test volume
in the future. Finally, we are continuing to focus on reducing
manufacturing cycle time. We believe that reducing manufacturing
cycle time significantly improves our ability to respond to
changes in customer demand and also lowers inventory carrying
costs. |
6
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
Markets
We design, develop, manufacture and market our products to both
domestic and international OEMs and ODMs for commercial
applications primarily for wireless markets such as cellular
handsets, base stations and WLAN equipment.
Cellular
In cellular applications, calls are placed through handheld
subscriber devices by making a connection with a base station
via radio frequency channels.
Base Stations
Base stations installed across an area create a wireless
telecommunications network that enables cellular telephones to
communicate with one another or with wired telephones. Each base
station is equipped to receive and send radio frequency signals
through an antenna, as well as amplify outgoing signals to
ensure the transmission reaches its destination without fading.
For both existing and future generation wireless technologies,
these base stations provide the system backbone and must be in
place before cellular telephones can be used.
Wireless Networks
Wireless networking involves the transmission and reception of
data such as e-mail, faxes, computer files and Internet content
by desktop and portable computers via wireless radio frequency
links rather than wired lines. Network coverage ranges from
WLANs, which might be found within a business or single
building, to metropolitan area networks, which would be limited
to a defined metropolitan or geographic area, to wide area
networks, which connect individuals and work groups over larger
geographic areas.
Other Markets
We also supply custom components for other applications. In the
wireless market, we supply components for wireless local loop
systems, cordless telephony, portable gaming systems, industrial
radios, satellite radio, GPS, security systems, utility meter
reading systems, two-way paging, monitoring devices, interactive
toys, home networking, PC modem cards, keyless entry and
handheld devices used for point-of-sale, bar coding and other
applications. In other markets, we supply components for set-top
converter boxes and cable modems and for optical transceivers
and transponders. We also market various components for
satellite, microwave communications, and certain wired
applications.
Manufacturing, Packaging and Testing
As part of our total quality program, the Companys quality
management system is registered to ISO 9001 and the
Companys environmental management system is registered to
ISO 14001. This means that a third party independent auditor has
determined that these systems meet the requirements developed by
the International Organization of Standardization, a
non-governmental network of the national standards institutes of
over 150 countries. The ISO 9001 standards provide models for
quality assurance in design/development, production,
installation and servicing and the ISO 14001 standards provide a
structure within which a company can develop or strengthen its
quality system for managing its environmental affairs.
For the majority of our products, the production process begins
with GaAs, silicon or other semiconductor materials, called
wafers. GaAs products incorporate a transistor layer that is
grown on the wafer using a molecular beam epitaxy
(MBE) process in our MBE facility. These wafers are sent to
our wafer fabrication facility where we isolate the transistor
layer and interconnect the transistors according to the circuit
design. The wafers are then singulated into individual die. A
die is a rectangular piece of semiconductor material upon which
electronic circuitry has been created. The circuitry determines
the specific function that the die is intended to perform and is
connected to the outside world by means of a microelectronic
package and small wires. Semiconductor die are manufactured
while still part of the wafers, which range in diameter from
100-300mm. The circuitry is printed on the wafers using
microscopic imaging technology and thin films of deposited
materials. Upon completion of the manufacturing process, die are
cut individually from the wafer and must be assembled, or
packaged, and then the final product must be tested. Packaging
can come in the form of either a simple lead frame package or a
more complicated multi-chip module. Our products are
100 percent parametric tested based on the product
specifications and, after testing, are prepared for shipment
through a tape and reel process.
We have one MBE facility for the manufacture of our GaAs
devices, which is located in Greensboro, North Carolina. We have
two GaAs wafer fabrication facilities located in Greensboro,
North Carolina. During fiscal 2005, we manufactured
substantially all of our GaAs products at these fabrication
facilities. Our first wafer fabrication facility is a four-inch
wafer production facility and our second wafer fabrication
facility is a six-inch wafer production facility. In fiscal
2005, we invested approximately $63.0 million to increase
the capacity in our MBE and wafer fabrication facilities in
order to meet our customers forecasts. Through the use of
six-inch wafers, we have reduced our costs through improved
operating and raw material usage efficiencies. During fiscal
2006, we expect to continue to add capacity to our six-inch
fabrication facility which will allow us the opportunity to
utilize our existing investment in our four-inch facility
towards the development of alternative components, such as the
design and manufacturing of pHEMT switches and GaN-based
products.
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RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
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Our original GaAs HBT process technology was licensed to us by
Northrop Grumman Space Technology (formerly TRW Space &
Electronics, Inc.) (Northrop) in 1996 to design and manufacture
products for commercial wireless applications. The GaAs HBT and
MBE patent rights expressly referenced in the license agreement
expire at various times between March 2007 and July 2016. The
license agreement provides that Northrop will offer to us, on
the same terms as are offered to third parties, certain future
non-HBT related technologies that it develops for a period of
10 years following June 15, 1998. We have agreed to
share with Northrop any modifications or improvements that we
make in the technology or the products developed therefrom, and
to grant Northrop a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use
any of these modifications or improvements in applications
outside our field of use. Upon any termination of the license
agreement because of a default by either party, our rights to
Northrops technologies would cease. We are continually
improving our GaAs HBT processes and manufacture substantially
all of our own GaAs HBT products at our wafer fabrication
facilities. We also are continuing to explore additional process
technologies.
We currently use several international and domestic assembly
suppliers, as well as our internal assembly facility in Beijing,
China (which was established and qualified during fiscal 2005),
to package and assemble our products. All of our key vendors and
suppliers are compliant with applicable ISO 9000 or QS 9000
series specifications, which means that their operations have in
each case been determined by auditors to comply with certain
internationally developed quality control standards. We qualify
and monitor assembly contractors based on cost and quality.
These contractors typically provide us with per-unit pricing.
Our internal assembly facility provides internal module
packaging capabilities and we plan to continue ramping
production at this facility in fiscal 2006. We believe the use
of our internal assembly operation will result in cost
reductions and better inventory management and control of our
work-in-process inventory.
We currently have our own test, tape and reel facilities located
in Greensboro, North Carolina, and Beijing, China, and we also
utilize contract suppliers and partners in Asia to test our
products. During fiscal 2005, we continued to shift a portion of
our test, tape and reel functions from our Greensboro location
to our Beijing facility. We expect to increase our reliance on
our Beijing facility as well as our utilization of contract
suppliers and partners in Asia for test, tape and reel in order
to minimize the movement of inventory, which improves cycle time
and results in lower costs.
During fiscal 2005, our operations management team focused on
improvements in supply chain cycle times and strategic supplier
relationships that have enabled us to more tightly control the
procurement and management of raw materials. During fiscal 2006,
we plan to continue to streamline the configuration of our
supply chain to minimize the geographical movement of material
during the manufacturing process.
Products and Applications
We offer a broad range of standard and custom-designed RF
components and system level solutions. Custom-designed products
are usually developed for volume production orders from large
OEMs. Custom products are normally manufactured on an exclusive
basis for a negotiated period. We attempt to convert custom
products into standard products in order to broaden our customer
base and leverage our design and product expenditures. At
March 31, 2005, we offered over 375 products in the
following categories:
Power Amplifiers
PAs are our largest product class, representing approximately
44 percent of our products offered during fiscal 2005. PAs
provide signal amplification in the transmitter section of a
wireless system in order to boost a signal through the antenna.
PAs operate at different frequencies, power levels and air
interface standards and generally are classified either as
linear amplifiers, which add a minimum amount of distortion to
the shape of the input signal, or non-linear amplifiers, which
are used in analog devices. PAs are often the most critical RF
component because (1) they can have a significant effect on
the reliability of the handset, (2) they are difficult to
design and implement, (3) they consume a significant amount
of battery power in a handset, which impacts talk time, and
(4) they generally dissipate the greatest amount of heat.
Gain Blocks (General Purpose Amplifiers)
Gain blocks are simple general-purpose amplifiers that boost
signals over a broad frequency range. They are used for
amplifier applications whenever noise is not a concern and
whenever a signals strength has been diminished by
processing through a filter or other component. Gain blocks
accounted for approximately 21 percent of our products
offered in fiscal 2005.
Low-Noise Amplifiers/ Mixers (Front-Ends and Mixers)
Low-noise amplifiers/mixers accounted for approximately
9 percent of our products offered in fiscal 2005. A
low-noise amplifier is a device in the receiver section of a
wireless system that receives signals from an antenna at
extremely low microvolt levels and amplifies the signals by a
factor of approximately 10 to 1,000 with the addition of as
little interference as possible. Low-noise amplifiers are
commonly integrated into circuits with mixers (also referred to
as down-mixers or down converters), and
this combination generally is referred to as a receiver
front end. Mixers accept the filtered output from the
low-noise amplifiers, which is typically at a high frequency and
8
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
difficult to process, and mix it with a local oscillator signal
to produce a lower intermediate frequency (IF) signal,
which is easier to process.
Transmitters, Receivers and Transceivers
Single chip transmitters and receivers send and receive wireless
signals. Transceivers are highly integrated circuits that
combine transmitters with receivers into a single device. This
category accounted for approximately 7 percent of our
products offered during fiscal 2005.
Quadrature Modulators/ Demodulators
Quadrature modulators are devices in the transmitter section of
a wireless system that combine digital information with a radio
frequency signal by varying the phase and amplitude of the
signal so that the resulting signal can be transmitted.
Quadrature demodulators reverse this process in the receiver
section by taking received RF signals and recovering the
embedded digital information for further processing.
Approximately 5 percent of our products offered in fiscal
2005 were quadrature modulators/demodulators.
Bluetooth® Radio Processors, Radio Modems and
Software
Bluetooth® is an open specification for short-range
wireless communication of voice and data between devices such as
mobile phones, wireless headsets, personal computers, PDAs and
other portable devices. Bluetooth® technology
enables devices to synchronize and exchange information with
other Bluetooth® enabled devices at speeds of up to
3 Mbps, while operating in 2.4 GHz band. Our family of
single-chip Bluetooth® devices and software provides
a complete solution for manufacturers who wish to integrate
Bluetooth® into their products. This category
accounted for approximately 5 percent of our products
offered during fiscal 2005.
Global Positioning System Receiver/ Chipset
A GPS receiver processes signals from visible GPS satellites
broadcasting RF navigation information. The GPS receiver works
with a wide variety of end products including handheld, marine
and in-vehicle automotive devices. A GPS chipset enables systems
to receive signals from GPS satellites using signal-processing
techniques that produce highly accurate, smoothed navigation
data. The chipset is suited to a broad range of applications
including in-vehicle systems, recreational navigation and asset
location services. This category accounted for approximately
2 percent of our products offered during fiscal 2005.
Intermediate Frequency Components
In the receive function of a typical handset, high frequency RF
signals are converted into lower frequency IF signals by the low
noise amplifier/mixer and then to baseband outputs, such as
voice. In the transmit function, baseband inputs are converted
from analog to digital form and processed through the IF range
to the higher radio frequency before transmission through the
antenna. Our IF devices include digitally controlled IF
amplifiers, which amplify baseband signals after they have been
converted from analog to digital form, and IF amplifiers with
automatic gain control and received signal strength indicators,
which are used for IF-to-baseband conversion in the receive
mode. IF components accounted for approximately 2 percent
of our products offered during fiscal 2005.
Other
The remaining 5 percent of products offered in fiscal 2005
include products such as attenuators and switches, voltage
controlled oscillators and linear cable television amplifiers.
Raw Materials
We purchase numerous production component parts, such as surface
mount devices, and substrates from external suppliers. We
currently use independent foundries to supply all of our
silicon-based requirements and a portion of pHEMT product
requirements. The use of external suppliers involves a number of
risks, including the possibility of material disruptions in the
supply of key components and the lack of control over delivery
schedules, manufacturing yields, quality and fabrication costs.
In order to alleviate our dependence on external suppliers, we
are integrating into our semiconductor die the functionality
formerly fulfilled by many of the surface mount devices.
However, we continue to aggregate increased functionality and
new technologies into our products, which increases our
dependence on external suppliers for products that we do not
currently manufacture.
Customers
Sales to our largest customers, Nokia and Motorola, were
approximately $224.1 million and $60.6 million,
respectively, in fiscal 2005, which represented approximately
35 percent and 10 percent, respectively, of our
revenue.
We have agreed to provide Nokia with access to certain RF
technologies and to our GaAs HBT wafer fabrication facilities,
and Nokia has agreed to provide us with rights to bid for and
supply Nokias requirements for certain products. This
arrangement does not obligate Nokia to purchase any additional
products from us, and there can be no assurance that Nokia will
remain a significant customer of ours or that this relationship
will continue.
During fiscal 2005, we have continued to diversify our customer
base and, with the predicted growth of our non-handset business
during fiscal 2006, we expect that customer diversification will
continue.
9
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
Sales and Marketing
We sell our products worldwide directly to customers as well as
through a network of domestic and foreign sales representative
firms and distributors. We select our domestic and foreign sales
channels based on technical skills and sales experience, as well
as the presence of complementary product lines and the customer
base served. We provide ongoing training to our representatives
and distributors to keep them informed of and educated about our
products. We maintain an internal marketing organization that is
responsible for key account management, application engineering
support to customers, developing sales and advertising
literature, such as product announcements, catalogs, brochures
and magazine articles in trade and other publications, and
preparing technical presentations for industry conferences. We
have sales and customer support centers located throughout the
world. During fiscal 2005, we added resources to help us to sell
systems solutions, such as Bluetooth® and
POLARIStm
TOTAL
RADIOtm,
which are more complex and require certain levels of technical
expertise from our sales employees in order to integrate with
our customers handsets.
We believe that maintaining a close relationship with customers
and providing customers with ongoing technical support is
essential to customer satisfaction in the wireless
communications industry. Our applications engineers interact
with customers during all stages of design and production,
provide customers with current product application notes and
engineering data, maintain regular contact with customer
engineers and assist in the resolution of technical problems. We
assign to our largest customers a contract account manager who
maintains regular contact with the customer to determine its
product needs and concerns. Members of senior management also
are involved in managing relationships with significant
customers. We believe that maintaining close contact with
customers improves their level of satisfaction and enables us to
anticipate their future product needs.
Research and Development
Our research and development efforts are focused primarily on
developing new products, developing new manufacturing
technologies and improving final product test yields. We
currently operate design centers that are located throughout the
world, in addition to our design engineering staff in
Greensboro, North Carolina.
Our design staff is continually developing solutions for new and
emerging wireless applications. Our research and development
activities include not only new circuit designs, but also the
development and refinement of proprietary design tools and
models to facilitate new product development. Moreover, we are
continually evaluating new circuits and emerging semiconductor
process technologies to meet our customers future wireless
equipment needs and to augment our Optimum Technology
Matching® strategy. As part of this strategy, we
utilize multiple semiconductor process technologies in order to
offer our customers products that best meet their performance,
cost and time-to-market requirements. Our Advanced Development
Group focuses on next-generation technology in the areas of
design, packaging, semiconductor processes and radio systems
architecture. The purpose of this group is to develop innovative
technologies prior to our customers needs and to allow our
product development cycles to be more repeatable, which often
results in the commercialization of new technologies.
In fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, we incurred approximately
$156.5 million, $128.2 million and
$101.7 million, respectively, in research and development
expenses. We do not separately account for customer-sponsored
research and development expenses from those research and
development expenses paid directly by us.
The market for our products is characterized by rapid changes in
product designs and the emergence of new semiconductor
technologies used to fabricate higher performance devices.
Because the demand by OEMs for continual improvements in product
performance is expected to continue, we believe that our future
success depends in part on our ability to design products using
emerging technologies that meet the cost and performance
parameters of our customers. Moreover, we believe that we must
be able to continue to attract and retain qualified research and
development personnel.
Competition
Competition in the markets for our products is intense. We face
competition from several companies engaged in the business of
designing, manufacturing and selling RF components, as well as
suppliers of module products and total systems solutions. We
also experience competition for products manufactured using GaAs
HBT process technology from companies that have or may develop
GaAs HBT or other fabrication processes. In addition, our
current and potential competitors include OEMs that have or may
develop the ability to produce RF components or discrete
products internally for their own requirements.
The industry is characterized by rapid advances in technology
and new product introductions. Our competitiveness depends on
our ability to improve our products and processes faster than
our competitors, anticipate changing customer requirements, and
successfully develop and launch new products, while reducing our
cost. Our competitiveness is also affected by the quality of
customer service, technical support and our ability to design
customized products that address each customers particular
requirements within the customers cost limitations. Many
of our
10
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
current and potential competitors have entrenched market
positions, established patents, copyrights, trade names,
trademarks and intellectual property rights and substantial
technological capabilities. In some cases, our competitors are
also our customers and/or suppliers. Further, many of our
competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical,
manufacturing and marketing resources than we do. Increased
competition could adversely affect our revenue and profitability
by causing us to reduce prices or by reducing demand for our
products.
Intellectual Property
It is our practice to seek U.S. patent and copyright
protection on our products and developments, where appropriate,
and to protect our proprietary technology under U.S. and foreign
laws affording protection for trade secrets and for integrated
circuit designs. We own numerous U.S. patents bearing on RF
communications and related circuits and semiconductor processes,
the earliest of which will likely expire in 2015. Numerous
additional patent applications are pending, although it is
possible that the inventions referenced in patent applications
will not mature to issued patents or will infringe upon
intellectual property rights of others. It is also possible that
a court will find the issued patents invalid or unenforceable
under numerous legal principles relating to prior art
disclosures or inequitable conduct before the United States
Patent and Trademark Office.
We have numerous trademark registrations and applications
pending in the United States and throughout the world. We seek
registrations for our primary trademarks, servicemarks and trade
names; however, others may have trademark rights superior to
ours in certain jurisdictions, and in some instances our
designations may not be viewed as sufficiently distinctive to
warrant exclusive trademark protection. We believe that we have
the right to use our selected designations, and that these
designations are distinctive and capable of trademark
protection. Nevertheless, if our marks are successfully
challenged on this basis, it is possible that we will not be
permitted to operate in a jurisdiction under our trademark,
servicemark or trade name or that we will not have the exclusive
right to use these designations.
We also rely upon trade secrets, technical know-how and other
unpatented proprietary information relating to our product
development and manufacturing activities. To protect our trade
secrets, technical know-how and other proprietary information,
our employees are required to enter into agreements providing
for maintenance of confidentiality and the assignment of rights
to inventions made by them while in our employ. We also have
entered into non-disclosure agreements to protect our
confidential information delivered to third parties in
conjunction with possible corporate collaborations and for other
purposes. However, we cannot be sure that these types of
agreements will effectively prevent unauthorized disclosure of
our confidential information, that these agreements will not be
breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach or
that our trade secrets and proprietary know-how will not
otherwise become known or independently discovered by others.
We have been named a defendant in a patent infringement lawsuit
filed on August 3, 2001, in the U.S. District Court
for the District of Arizona by Lemelson Medical, Education and
Research Foundation, LP. The suit alleges that we have infringed
claims of a total of at least 17 and possibly 18 patents,
including machine vision claims of 12 patents,
bar code claims of seven patents (some of which are
the same as the 12 machine vision patents) and
integrated circuit claims of three or four patents,
and seeks injunctive relief, damages for the alleged
infringements and payment of the plaintiffs
attorneys fees. The suit has been stayed pending
resolution of one of two related actions to which we are not a
party. This case was stayed before any discovery and is in its
very preliminary stages. In one of the related actions, a
U.S. District Judge has held that claims of 14 patents
(each patent being among those patents at issue in our
litigation) were unenforceable and claims were invalid. Such
ruling is currently under appeal. We cannot predict the ultimate
outcome of this litigation.
We have on occasion been made aware that aspects of our
technology may overlap technology discussed or claimed in issued
U.S. patents. On these occasions, we have attempted to
investigate thoroughly the underlying issues and determine
whether design changes or patent licenses were appropriate.
Backlog
We do not believe that backlog as of any particular date is
indicative of future results. Our sales are the result of
consumption of custom products from consigned inventory held by
our customers and from purchase orders for delivery of standard
and custom products. The quantities projected for consumption of
consigned inventory, quantities on purchase orders, as well as
the shipment schedules, are frequently revised within
agreed-upon lead times to reflect changes in the customers
needs. Due to industry practice and our experience, we do not
believe that such agreements are meaningful or reliable for
determining future results.
Employees
At May 27, 2005, we had 2,570 employees. We believe
that our future prospects will depend, in part, on our ability
to continue to attract and retain skilled technical, marketing
and management personnel. Competition for such personnel is
intense, and the number of persons with relevant experience,
particularly in engineering, product design and technical
11
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
marketing, is limited. None of our employees is represented by a
labor union, and we have never experienced any work stoppage. We
believe that our current employee relations are good.
Geographic Financial Summary
A summary of our operations by geographic area is as follows (in
thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Year Ended March 31, |
|
2005 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
| | |
|
Sales:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
United States
|
|
$ |
102,152 |
|
|
$ |
121,441 |
|
|
$ |
102,152 |
|
| |
International
|
|
|
532,052 |
|
|
|
529,938 |
|
|
|
405,667 |
|
|
Long-lived assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
United States
|
|
$ |
305,988 |
|
|
$ |
262,707 |
|
|
$ |
297,728 |
|
| |
International
|
|
|
33,636 |
|
|
|
17,649 |
|
|
|
14,285 |
|
Of our total revenue for fiscal 2005, 16 percent was for
customers in the United States, 20 percent for customers in
China, 18 percent for customers in Europe, 15 percent
for customers in Korea and 14 percent for customers in
Taiwan. Customers in Central and South America, Japan and
Singapore accounted for the majority of the remaining fiscal
2005 revenue.
Sales, for geographic disclosure purposes, are based on the
bill to address of the customer. The bill
to address is not always an accurate representation of the
location of final consumption of our products. Long-lived assets
include property and equipment and at March 31, 2005,
approximately $32.0 million (or 9.4%) of our total property
and equipment was located in China.
Environmental Matters
By virtue of operating our MBE and wafer fabrication facilities,
we are subject to a variety of extensive and changing federal,
state and local governmental laws, regulations and ordinances
related to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of toxic,
volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used in the
manufacturing process. Any failure to comply with such
requirements currently in effect or subsequently adopted could
result in the imposition of fines on us, the suspension of
production or a cessation of operations, the occurrence of which
could have an adverse impact upon our capital expenditures,
earnings and competitive position. In addition, such
requirements could restrict our ability to expand our facilities
or require us to acquire costly equipment or incur other
significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations.
We believe that costs arising from existing environmental laws
will not have a material adverse effect on our financial
position or results of operations. We are an ISO 14001
certified manufacturer with a comprehensive Environmental System
(EMS) in place in order to assure control of the
environmental aspects of the manufacturing process. EMS mandates
compliance and establishes appropriate checks and balances to
minimize the potential for non-compliance. However, there can be
no assurance that the environmental laws will not become more
stringent in the future or that we will not incur significant
costs in the future in order to comply with these laws. We do
not currently anticipate any material capital expenditures for
environmental control facilities for fiscal year 2006 or fiscal
year 2007.
Access to Public Information
We make available, free of charge through our website
(http://www.rfmd.com), our Annual Report on Form 10-K,
Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on
Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished
pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we
electronically file these reports with, or furnish them to, the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The public may also
request a copy of our forms filed with the SEC, without charge
upon written request, directed to:
Investor Relations Department
RF Micro Devices, Inc.
7628 Thorndike Road
Greensboro, NC 27409-9421
In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site that contains
reports, proxy and information statements, and other information
regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at
http://www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any documents
that the Company files with the SEC at the SECs Public
Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580,
Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 for information on the operation of the Public
Reference Room.
12
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, readers should carefully consider the following
important factors. These factors, among others, in some cases
have affected, and in the future could affect, our financial
condition and results of operations and could cause our future
results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in
any forward-looking statements that appear in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K or that we have made or will make
elsewhere.
Our industrys technology changes rapidly and we depend
on the development and growth of the wireless markets.
We depend on the development and growth of markets for wireless
communications products and services. We cannot be sure about
the rate at which markets for these products will develop or our
ability to produce competitive products for these markets as
they develop. In particular, in fiscal year 2006, the market
adoption of EDGE, the execution on our product development
efforts, and the success of our customers with EDGE-based
products will be significant factors for our revenue growth.
We supply RF components and system level solutions primarily for
wireless applications. The wireless markets are characterized by
frequent introduction of new products and services in response
to evolving product and process technologies and consumer demand
for greater functionality, lower costs, smaller products and
better performance. As a result, we have experienced and will
continue to experience some product design obsolescence. We
expect our customers demands for improvements in product
performance to continue, which means that we must continue to
improve our product designs and develop new products that may
use new technologies. It is possible that competing technologies
will emerge that permit the manufacture of integrated circuits
that are superior to the products we make under existing
processes. If that happens and we cannot design products using
that technology or develop competitive products, our operating
results will be adversely affected.
To remain competitive in our silicon-based products, we expect
to continue to transition our silicon semiconductor products to
increasingly smaller line width geometries, and as smaller
geometry processes become more prevalent, we expect to continue
to integrate greater levels of functionality, as well as
customer and third party intellectual property and software,
into our products. However, we may not be able to achieve higher
levels of design integration or deliver new integrated products
on a timely basis, or at all. Moreover, even if we are able to
achieve higher levels of design integration, such integration
may have a short-term adverse impact on our operating results,
as we may reduce our revenue by integrating the functionality of
multiple chips into a single chip.
We face risks associated with the operation of our MBE, wafer
fabrication, assembly and test, tape and reel facilities.
We operate one MBE facility and two wafer fabrication
facilities. We currently use several international and domestic
assembly suppliers, as well as our internal assembly facility in
Beijing, China, to package and assemble our products. We
currently have our own test, tape and reel facilities located in
Greensboro, North Carolina, and Beijing, China, and we also
utilize contract suppliers and partners in Asia to test our
products.
A number of factors will affect the future success of our
facilities, including the following:
|
|
| |
demand for our products; |
| |
our ability to generate revenues in amounts that cover the
significant fixed costs of operating the facilities; |
| |
our ability to qualify our facilities for new products in a
timely manner; |
| |
the availability of raw materials, including GaAs substrates,
and high purity source materials such as gallium, aluminum,
arsenic, indium, silicon, phosphorous and beryllium; |
| |
our manufacturing cycle times; |
| |
our manufacturing yields; |
| |
the political and economic risks associated with the increased
reliance on our assembly and test, tape and reel operation in
Beijing, China; |
| |
our reliance on one qualified MBE facility; |
| |
the location of our two wafer fabrication facilities in the same
geographic area; |
| |
our ability to hire, train and manage qualified production
personnel; |
| |
our compliance with applicable environmental and other laws and
regulations; and |
| |
our ability to avoid prolonged periods of down-time in our
facilities for any reason. |
We face challenges managing the growth of our Company.
To manage our growth effectively, we must:
|
|
| |
develop leaders for key business units and functions; |
| |
expand our presence in international locations and adapt to
cultural norms in foreign locations; |
| |
train and manage our employee base; and |
| |
attract and retain qualified people with experience in RF
engineering, integrated circuit design, software and technical
marketing and support. |
Competition for these resources is intense. We must also manage
multiple relationships with various customers, business partners
and other third parties, such as our foundry, assembly and test,
tape and reel partners. Our systems, networks, software tools,
procedures or controls may not be adequate to support our
operations, and we may not be able to expand quickly enough to
exploit potential market opportunities. Our future operating
results and success may also depend
13
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
on keeping key technical personnel and management and expanding
our sales and marketing, research and development and
administrative support. We do not have employment agreements
with the substantial majority of our employees. We must also
continue to attract qualified personnel. The competition for
qualified personnel is intense, and the number of people with
experience, particularly in RF engineering, integrated circuit
design, and technical marketing and support, is limited. We
cannot be sure that we will be able to attract and retain other
skilled personnel in the future.
We depend heavily on third parties.
We purchase numerous production component parts, such as surface
mount devices, substrates and silicon-based products, from
external suppliers. The use of external suppliers involves a
number of risks, including the possibility of material
disruptions in the supply of key RF components and the lack of
control over delivery schedules, manufacturing yields, quality
and fabrication costs.
We currently use several international and domestic assembly
suppliers, as well as our internal assembly facility in Beijing,
China, to package and assemble our products. All of our key
vendors and suppliers are compliant with applicable ISO 9000 or
QS 9000 standards. However, if these vendors processes
vary in reliability or quality, they could negatively affect our
products and, therefore, our results of operations.
We currently have our own test, tape and reel facilities located
in Greensboro, North Carolina, and Beijing, China, and we also
utilize contract suppliers and partners in Asia to test our
products. We expect to increase our reliance on our Beijing
facility as well as our utilization of contract suppliers and
partners in Asia for test, tape and reel in order to minimize
the movement of inventory, which improves cycle time and results
in lower costs.
Our operating results fluctuate.
Our revenue, earnings and other operating results have
fluctuated significantly in the past and may fluctuate
significantly in the future. Our future operating results will
depend on many factors, including the following:
|
|
| |
our ability to accurately predict market requirements and
evolving industry standards in a timely manner; |
| |
our ability to accurately predict customer demand and thereby
avoid the possibility of obsolete inventory, which would reduce
our profit margins; |
| |
the ability of third party foundries, assembly and test, tape
and reel partners to handle our products in a timely and
cost-effective manner that meets our customers
requirements; |
| |
our ability to achieve cost savings and improve yields and
margins on our new and existing products; |
| |
our ability to respond to downward pressure on the average
selling prices of our products caused by our customers and
competitors; |
| |
our ability to efficiently utilize our capacity in response to
customer demand; |
| |
our ability to successfully complete the ongoing efforts of
certain cost-reduction actions; and |
| |
our ability to successfully integrate and realize expected
synergies from our acquisitions. |
It is likely that our future operating results will be adversely
affected by the factors set forth above or other factors. If our
future operating results are below the expectations of stock
market analysts or our investors, our stock price may decline.
If we experience poor manufacturing yields, our operating
results may suffer.
Our products are very complex. Each product has a unique design
and is fabricated using semiconductor process technologies that
are highly complex. In many cases, the products are assembled in
customized packages. Our products, which primarily consist of
multiple components in a single package, feature enhanced levels
of integration and complexity. Our customers insist that our
products be designed to meet their exact specifications for
quality, performance and reliability.
Our manufacturing yield is a combination of:
|
|
| |
wafer fabrication line yield, which is the number of usable
wafers that result from our fabrication process; |
| |
assembly yield, which is the number of parts assembled divided
by the number of parts input into the assembly process; and |
| |
test yield, which is the number of assembled parts that pass all
component level testing divided by total number of parts tested. |
Due to the complexity of our products, we periodically
experience difficulties in achieving acceptable yields on
certain new and existing products.
Our customers also test our components once they have been
assembled into their products. The number of usable products
that result from our production process can fluctuate as a
result of many factors, including the following:
|
|
| |
design errors; |
| |
defects in photomasks, which are used to print circuits on a
wafer; |
| |
minute impurities in materials used; |
| |
contamination of the manufacturing environment; |
| |
equipment failure or variations in the manufacturing processes; |
14
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
|
|
| |
losses from broken wafers or other human error; and |
| |
defects in packaging. |
We are constantly trying to improve our manufacturing yields.
Typically, for a given level of sales, when our yields improve,
our gross margins improve, and when our yields decrease, our
unit costs are higher, our margins are lower, and our operating
results are adversely affected.
We depend on a few large customers for a substantial portion
of our revenue.
Historically, a substantial portion of our revenue has come from
large purchases by a small number of customers and we expect
that trend to continue. In fiscal 2005, our top five customers
accounted for approximately 62 percent of our total revenue
and our top 10 customers accounted for approximately
71 percent of our total revenue. Our future operating
results depend on both the success of our largest customers and
on our success in diversifying our products and customer base.
We typically manufacture custom products on an exclusive basis
for one customer for a negotiated period of time. The
concentration of our revenue with a few large customers makes us
particularly dependent on factors affecting those customers. For
example, if demand for their products decreases, they may stop
purchasing our products and our operating results would suffer.
Most of our customers can cease incorporating our products into
their products with little notice to us and with little or no
penalty. The loss of a large customer and failure to add new
customers to replace lost revenue would have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
Our operating results are dependent on our GaAs HBT process
technology and demand for our GaAs HBT products.
Although we design products using multiple distinct process
technologies, a substantial portion of our revenue comes from
the sale of products manufactured using GaAs HBT process
technology. Our dependence on GaAs HBT products could have an
adverse effect on our operating results in the future.
Competitors can enter the market and offer their own GaAs
products, and direct competition with competitors who utilize
GaAs HBT process technology could adversely affect our selling
prices. Also, new process technologies are being developed, and
one or more of these processes could have characteristics that
are superior to GaAs HBT. If we are unable to access these
technologies through licenses or foundry service arrangements,
we will be competitively disadvantaged. These and other factors
could reduce the demand for GaAs HBT components or otherwise
adversely affect our operating results.
We depend on our exclusive license from Northrop Grumman Space
Technology for our GaAs HBT technology. If the license is
terminated for breach of contract or if it were determined that
this technology infringed on a third partys intellectual
property rights, our operating results would be adversely
affected. Northrop made no representation to us about whether
the licensed technology infringed on the intellectual property
rights of anyone else.
We operate in a very competitive industry and must continue
to implement innovative technologies and increase capacity
utilization in order to reduce costs and improve margins.
Competition in the markets for our products is intense. We
compete with several companies primarily engaged in the business
of designing, manufacturing and selling of RF components and
system level solutions, as well as suppliers of discrete
products such as transistors, capacitors and resistors. Several
of our competitors either have GaAs HBT process technology or
are developing GaAs HBT or new fabrication processes. In
addition, many of our existing and potential customers
manufacture or assemble wireless communications devices and have
substantial in-house technological capabilities. Any of these
customers could develop products that compete with or replace
our products. A decision by any of our large customers to design
and manufacture integrated circuits internally could have an
adverse effect on our operating results. Increased competition
could mean lower prices for our products, reduced demand for our
products and a corresponding reduction in our ability to recover
development, engineering and manufacturing costs. In order to
improve our margins, we need to reduce our costs by making
continual operational improvements to reduce cycle time,
increase capacity utilization and improve test yields. Our
inability to meet these objectives could have an adverse effect
on our operating results.
Many of our existing and potential competitors have entrenched
market positions, considerable internal manufacturing capacity,
established intellectual property rights and substantial
technological capabilities. Many of our existing and potential
competitors may have greater financial, technical, manufacturing
or marketing resources than we do. We cannot be sure that we
will be able to compete successfully with our competitors.
Our operating results are substantially dependent on
development of new products.
Our future success will depend on our ability to develop new
product solutions for existing and new markets. We must
introduce new products in a timely and cost-effective manner and
secure production orders from our customers. The development of
new products is a highly complex process, and we have
experienced delays in completing the development and
15
RF Micro Devices, Inc. and Subsidiaries Annual Report on
Form 10-K 2005
introduction of new products at times in the past, including
during fiscal 2005. Our successful product development depends
on a number of factors, including the following: