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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period
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Commission file number 00-24525
Cumulus Media Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Delaware
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36-4159663 |
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(State of Incorporation) |
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
14 Piedmont Center
Suite 1400
Atlanta, GA 30305
(404) 949-0700
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrants principal
offices)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
None
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
Class A Common Stock; Par Value $.01 per share
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 12b-2). Yes þ No o
The aggregate market value of the registrants outstanding
voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant as of June 30, 2004, the last business day of
the registrants most recently completed second fiscal
quarter, was approximately $832.4 million, based on
69,911,346 shares outstanding and a last reported per share
price of Class A Common Stock on the NASDAQ National Market
of $16.81 on that date. As of February 28, 2005, the
registrant had outstanding 69,090,084 shares of common
stock consisting of (i) 56,814,454 shares of
Class A Common Stock; (ii) 11,630,759 shares of
Class B Common Stock; and (iii) 644,871 shares of
Class C Common Stock.
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
Portions of the registrants Proxy Statement for the 2005
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on or prior to March 31,
2005, have been incorporated by reference in
Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CUMULUS MEDIA INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004
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PART 1
Certain Definitions
In this Form 10-K the terms Company,
Cumulus, we, us, and
our refer to Cumulus Media Inc. and its consolidated
subsidiaries.
We use the term local marketing agreement
(LMA) in various places in this report. A typical
LMA is an agreement under which a Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) licensee of a radio station makes
available, for a fee, air time on its station to another party.
The other party provides programming to be broadcast during such
airtime and collects revenues from advertising it sells for
broadcast during such programming. In addition to entering into
LMAs, we will from time to time enter into management or
consulting agreements that provide us with the ability, as
contractually specified, to assist current owners in the
management of radio station assets that we have contracted to
purchase, subject to FCC approval. In such arrangements, we
generally receive a contractually specified management fee or
consulting fee in exchange for the services provided.
We also use the term joint services agreement
(JSA) in several places in this report. A typical
JSA is an agreement which authorizes one party or station to
sell another stations advertising time and retain the
revenue from the sale of that airtime. A JSA typically includes
a periodic payment to the station whose airtime is being sold
(which may include a share of the revenue being collected from
the sale of airtime).
Unless otherwise indicated:
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we obtained total radio industry listener and revenue levels
from the Radio Advertising Bureau (RAB); |
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we derived historical market revenue statistics and market
revenue share percentages from data published by Miller Kaplan,
Arase & Co., LLP (Miller Kaplan), a public
accounting firm that specializes in serving the broadcasting
industry; |
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we derived all audience share data and audience rankings,
including ranking by population, except where otherwise stated
to the contrary, from surveys of people ages 12 and over
(Adults 12+), listening Monday through Sunday,
6 a.m. to 12 midnight, and based on the Fall 2004 Arbitron
Market Report, referred to as Arbitrons Market Report,
pertaining to each market; and |
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all dollar amounts are rounded to the nearest million, unless
otherwise indicated. |
The term Station Operating Income is used in various
places in this document. Station Operating Income consists of
operating income (loss) before depreciation, amortization, LMA
fees, corporate general and administrative expenses, non cash
stock compensation expense and restructuring and impairment
charges (credits).
Station Operating Income serves as a starting point for our
management to analyze the cash flow generated by our business by
measuring the profitability of our station portfolio and its
contribution to the funding of our other operating expenses and
to the funding of debt service and acquisitions. Station
Operating Income isolates the amount of income generated solely
by our stations and assists our management in evaluating the
earnings potential of our station portfolio.
In deriving this measure, we exclude depreciation and
amortization due to the insignificant investment in tangible
assets required to operate our stations and the relatively
insignificant amount of intangible assets subject to
amortization. We exclude LMA fees from this measure, even though
it requires a cash commitment, due to the insignificance and
temporary nature of such fees. Corporate expenses, despite
representing an additional significant cash commitment, are
excluded in an effort to present the operating performance of
our stations exclusive of the corporate resources employed. We
believe this is important to our investors as it highlights the
gross margin generated by our station portfolio. Finally, we
exclude non
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cash stock compensation and restructuring and impairment charges
(credits) from the measure as they do not represent cash
payments related to the operation of the stations.
We believe that Station Operating Income, although not a measure
that is calculated in accordance with GAAP, nevertheless is the
most frequently used financial measure in determining the market
value of a radio station or group of stations. We have observed
that Station Operating Income is commonly employed by firms that
provide appraisal services to the broadcast industry in valuing
radio stations. Further, in each of the more than 140 radio
station acquisitions we have completed since our inception, we
have used Station Operating Income as our primary metric to
evaluate and negotiate the purchase price paid. Given its
relevance to the estimated value of a radio station, we believe,
and our experience indicates, that investors consider the metric
to be extremely useful in order to determine the value of our
portfolio of stations. We believe that Station Operating Income
is the most commonly used financial measure employed by the
investment community to compare the performance of radio station
operators.
Finally, Station Operating Income is the primary metric that our
management uses to evaluate the performance and results of our
stations. Our management uses the measure to assess the
performance of our station managers and our Board of Directors
uses it to determine the relative performance of our executive
management. As a result, in disclosing Station Operating Income,
we are providing our stockholders, and the public, with an
analysis of our performance that is consistent with that
utilized by our management.
Station Operating Income should not be considered in isolation
or as a substitute for net income, operating income (loss), cash
flows from operating activities or any other measure for
determining our operating performance or liquidity that is
calculated in accordance with GAAP. See Item 7,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations for a quantitative
reconciliation of Station Operating Income to its most directly
comparable financial measure calculated and presented in
accordance with GAAP.
Company Overview
We own and operate FM and AM radio station clusters
serving mid-size markets throughout the United States. We are
the second largest radio broadcasting company in the United
States based on the number of stations owned or operated.
According to Arbitrons Market Report and data published by
Miller Kaplan, we have assembled market-leading groups or
clusters of radio stations that rank first or second in terms of
revenue share or audience share in substantially all of our
markets. As of December 31, 2004, we owned and operated
291 radio stations in 59 mid-sized U.S. media
markets. In addition, we own and operate a multi-market network
of five radio stations in the English-speaking Caribbean. Under
our LMAs, we provide sales and marketing services for twelve
radio stations in six U.S. markets in exchange for a
management or consulting fee, pending FCC approval of our
acquisitions of these stations. We will own and operate a total
of 304 stations in 61 U.S. markets upon FCC approval
and consummation of all of our pending acquisitions.
Relative to the 50 largest markets in the United States, we
believe that the mid-size markets represent attractive operating
environments and generally are characterized by:
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a greater use of radio advertising as evidenced by the greater
percentage of total media revenues captured by radio than the
national average; |
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rising advertising revenues, as the larger national and regional
retailers expand into these markets; |
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small independent operators, many of whom lack the capital to
produce high-quality locally originated programming or to employ
more sophisticated research, marketing, management and sales
techniques; and |
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lower overall susceptibility to economic downturns. |
We believe that the attractive operating characteristics of
mid-size markets, together with the relaxation of radio station
ownership limits under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (the
Telecom
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Act) and FCC rules, create significant opportunities for
growth from the formation of groups of radio stations within
these markets. We believe that mid-size radio markets provide an
excellent opportunity to acquire attractive properties at
favorable purchase prices due to the size and fragmented nature
of ownership in these markets and to the greater attention
historically given to the larger markets by radio station
acquirers. According to the FCCs records, as of
December 31, 2004 there were 8,751 FM and
4,774 AM stations in the United States.
To maximize the advertising revenues and Station Operating
Income of our stations, we seek to enhance the quality of radio
programs for listeners and the attractiveness of our radio
stations to advertisers in a given market. We also seek to
increase the amount of locally originated programming content
that airs on each station. Within each market, our stations are
diversified in terms of format, target audience and geographic
location, enabling us to attract larger and broader listener
audiences and thereby a wider range of advertisers. This
diversification, coupled with our competitive advertising
pricing, also has provided us with the ability to compete
successfully for advertising revenue against other radio, print
and television media competitors.
We believe that we are in a position to generate revenue growth,
increase audience and revenue shares within these markets and,
by capitalizing on economies of scale and by competing against
other media for incremental advertising revenue, increase our
Station Operating Income growth rates and margins to those
levels found in large markets. Many of our markets are still in
the development stage with the potential for substantial growth
as we implement our operating strategy.
We are a Delaware corporation, organized in 2002, and successor
by merger to an Illinois corporation with the same name that had
been organized in 1997.
Strategy
We are focused on generating internal growth through improvement
in Station Operating Income for the portfolio of stations we
operate, while enhancing our station portfolio and our business
as a whole, through the acquisition of individual stations or
clusters that satisfy our acquisition criteria.
Our operating strategy has the following principal components:
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achieve cost efficiencies associated with common infrastructure
and personnel and increase revenue by offering regional coverage
of key demographic groups that were previously unavailable to
national and regional advertisers; |
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develop each station in our portfolio as a unique enterprise,
marketed as an individual, local brand with its own identity,
programming content, programming personnel, inventory of time
slots and sales force; |
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use audience research and music testing to refine each
stations programming content to match the preferences of
the stations target demographic audience, in order to
enrich our listeners experiences by increasing both the
quality and quantity of local programming; and |
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position station clusters to compete with print and television
advertising by combining favorable advertising pricing with
diverse station formats within each market to draw a larger and
broader listening audience to attract a wider range of
advertisers. |
Our acquisition strategy has the following principal components:
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assemble leading station clusters in the top 50 to 250 radio
markets by taking advantage of the size and fragmented nature of
ownership in these markets; |
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acquire leading stations in terms of signal coverage, revenue or
audience share and acquire under-performing stations where there
is significant potential to apply our management expertise to
improve financial and operating performance; and |
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reconfigure our existing stations, or acquire new stations,
located near large markets, that based on an engineering
analysis of signal specifications and the likelihood of
receiving FCC approval, can be redirected, or
moved-in, to those larger markets. |
Acquisitions and Dispositions
We completed the acquisition of 25 radio stations in 6 markets
and a tract of land for a tower site during the year ended
December 31, 2004. Of the $93.7 million required to
fund these acquisitions, $11.0 million was paid in cash,
$71.3 million was paid in the form of shares of our
Class A Common Stock, $5.2 million was deferred beyond
the closing of the transactions, $1.4 million represented
capitalizable acquisition costs and $4.8 million had been
previously funded as escrow deposits on the pending
acquisitions. Of the $5.2 million of deferred purchase
price, we began to pay $5.0 million of the amount in
60 monthly cash installments commencing in April 2004,
consistent with the terms of the particular purchase agreement.
We will pay the remaining $0.2 million of deferred purchase
price upon resolution of certain post-closing issues. These
aggregate acquisition amounts include the assets acquired
pursuant to the select transactions highlighted below.
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Rochester, Minnesota and Sioux Falls, South Dakota |
On March 29, 2004, we completed the acquisition of Southern
Minnesota Broadcasting Co. (SMB), which owned and
operated three radio stations serving Rochester, Minnesota
(KROC-AM, KROC-FM, KYBA-FM) and six radio stations serving Sioux
Falls, South Dakota (KYBB-FM, KIKN-FM, KKLS-FM, KMXC-FM,
KSOO-AM, KXRB-AM). In acquiring SMB, we issued the former owners
3,223,978 shares of our Class A Common Stock and
deferred $5.0 million of the purchase price beyond the
closing of the transaction. We also paid $0.5 million in
capitalizable acquisition costs in connection with the
acquisition.
On July 30, 2004, we completed the acquisition of WBWR-FM,
WBRW-FM, WFNR-FM, WFNR-AM, WPSK-FM, WRAD-AM and WWBU-FM serving
Blacksburg, Virginia from New River Valley Radio Partners,
L.L.C. In connection with the acquisition, we paid
$2.1 million in cash, deferred $0.1 million beyond
closing of the transaction and paid $0.2 million in
capitalizable acquisition costs. We had previously funded
$4.7 million of the purchase price in 2003 in the form of
an escrow deposit.
As of December 31, 2004, we were a party to various
agreements to acquire 13 stations across 7 markets.
The aggregate purchase price of those pending acquisitions is
expected to be approximately $81.6 million,
$70.3 million of which we may, at our option, pay in shares
of our Class A Common Stock.
Subsequent to December 31, 2004 and through March 4,
2005, we completed the acquisition of ten radio stations across
four markets for $46.8 million in cash.
Periodically, the FCC makes FM frequencies available for
acquisition through an auction process. On November 3,
2004, the FCC held an auction for approximately 290 frequencies,
located mostly in remote areas of the country, in which we
actively participated. As of the close of the auction, we were
the winning bidder for seven frequencies and are obligated to
pay the FCC $8.6 million. As of December 31, 2004, we
had funded $2.2 million toward our obligation to the FCC in
the form of an escrow deposit, to be applied
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by the FCC to the bid price upon grant of the final
authorization for the frequencies. These seven authorizations
will enable us to add a station to seven of our existing markets
once constructed.
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Acquisition Shelf Registration Statement |
We have registered an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of our
Class A Common Stock, pursuant to registration statements
on Form S-4, for issuance from time to time in connection
with our acquisition of other businesses, properties or
securities in business combination transactions utilizing a
shelf registration process. As of March 4,
2005, we had issued 5,666,553 of the 20,000,000 shares
registered in connection with various acquisitions.
Industry Overview
The primary source of revenues for radio stations is the sale of
advertising time to local, regional and national spot
advertisers and national network advertisers. National spot
advertisers assist advertisers in placing their advertisements
in a specific market. National network advertisers place
advertisements on a national network show and such
advertisements will air in each market where the network has an
affiliate. During the past decade, local advertising revenue as
a percentage of total radio advertising revenue in a given
market has ranged from approximately 72% to 87%. The growth in
total radio advertising revenue tends to be fairly stable. With
the exception of 1991 and 2001, when total radio advertising
revenue fell by approximately 3% and 8%, respectively,
advertising revenue has generally risen in each of the past
19 years faster than both inflation and the gross national
product.
Radio is considered an efficient, cost-effective means of
reaching specifically identified demographic groups. Stations
are typically classified by their on-air format, such as
country, rock, adult contemporary, oldies and news/ talk. A
stations format and style of presentation enables it to
target specific segments of listeners sharing certain
demographic features. By capturing a specific share of a
markets radio listening audience, with particular
concentration in a targeted demographic, a station is able to
market its broadcasting time to advertisers seeking to reach a
specific audience. Advertisers and stations use data published
by audience measuring services, such as Arbitron, to estimate
how many people within particular geographical markets and
demographics listen to specific stations.
The number of advertisements that can be broadcast without
jeopardizing listening levels and the resulting ratings are
limited in part by the format of a particular station and the
local competitive environment. Although the number of
advertisements broadcast during a given time period may vary,
the total number of advertisements broadcast on a particular
station generally does not vary significantly from year to year.
A stations local sales staff generates the majority of its
local and regional advertising sales through direct
solicitations of local advertising agencies and businesses. To
generate national advertising sales, a station usually will
engage a firm that specializes in soliciting radio-advertising
sales on a national level. National sales representatives obtain
advertising principally from advertising agencies located
outside the stations market and receive commissions based
on the revenue from the advertising they obtain.
Our stations compete for advertising revenue with other
terrestrial-based radio stations in the market (including low
power FM radio stations that are required to operate on a
noncommercial basis) as well as other media, including
newspapers, broadcast television, cable television, magazines,
direct mail, coupons and outdoor advertising. In addition, the
radio broadcasting industry is subject to competition from
services that use new media technologies that are being
developed or have already been introduced, such as the Internet
and satellite-based digital radio services. Such services reach
nationwide and regional audiences with multi-channel,
multi-format, digital radio services that have a sound quality
equivalent to that of compact discs. Competition among
terrestrial-based radio stations has also been heightened by the
introduction of terrestrial digital audio broadcasting (which is
digital audio broadcasting delivered through earth-based
equipment rather than satellites). The FCC currently allows
terrestrial radio stations like ours to commence the use of
digital technology through a hybrid antenna that
carries both the pre-existing
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analog signal and the new digital signal. The FCC is conducting
a proceeding that could result in a radio stations use of
two antennae: one for the analog signal and one for the digital
signal.
We cannot predict how existing or new sources of competition
will affect the revenues generated by our stations. The radio
broadcasting industry historically has grown despite the
introduction of new technologies for the delivery of
entertainment and information, such as television broadcasting,
cable television, audio tapes and compact discs. A growing
population and greater availability of radios, particularly car
and portable radios, have contributed to this growth. There can
be no assurance, however, that the development or introduction
in the future of any new media technology will not have an
adverse effect on the radio broadcasting industry in general or
our stations in particular.
Advertising Sales
Virtually all of our revenue is generated from the sale of
local, regional and national advertising for broadcast on our
radio stations. Approximately 87%, 85% and 85% of our net
broadcasting revenue was generated from the sale of local and
regional advertising in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Additional broadcasting revenue is generated from the sale of
national advertising. The major categories of our advertisers
include:
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Automotive Dealers
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Telecommunications |
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Banking and Mortgage |
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Amusement and Recreation
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Food Services and Drinking |
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Arts and Entertainment |
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Healthcare Services
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Food and Beverage Stores |
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Furniture and Home Furnishings |
Each stations local sales staff solicits advertising
either directly from the local advertiser or indirectly through
an advertising agency. We employ a tiered commission structure
to focus our individual sales staffs on new business
development. Consistent with our operating strategy of dedicated
sales forces for each of our stations, we have also increased
the number of salespeople per station. We believe that we can
outperform the traditional growth rates of our markets by
(1) expanding our base of advertisers, (2) training
newly hired sales people and (3) providing a higher level
of service to our existing customer base. This requires larger
sales staffs than most of the stations employ at the time they
are acquired by Cumulus. We support our strategy of building
local direct accounts by employing personnel in each of our
markets to produce custom commercials that respond to the needs
of our advertisers. In addition, in-house production provides
advertisers greater flexibility in changing their commercial
messages with minimal lead-time.
Our national sales are made by Interep National Radio Sales,
Inc., a firm specializing in radio advertising sales on the
national level, in exchange for a commission that is based on
our net revenue from the advertising obtained. Regional sales,
which we define as sales in regions surrounding our markets to
buyers that advertise in our markets, are generally made by our
local sales staff and market managers. Whereas we seek to grow
our local sales through larger and more customer-focused sales
staffs, we seek to grow our national and regional sales by
offering to key national and regional advertisers groups of
stations within specific markets and regions that make our
stations more attractive. Many of these large accounts have
previously been reluctant to advertise in these markets because
of the logistics involved in buying advertising from individual
stations. Certain of our stations had no national representation
before we acquired them.
The number of advertisements that can be broadcast without
jeopardizing listening levels and the resulting ratings are
limited in part by the format of a particular station. We
estimate the optimal number of advertisements available for sale
depending on the programming format of a particular station.
Each of our stations has a general target level of on-air
inventory that it makes available for advertising. This target
level of inventory for sale may be different at different times
of the day but tends to remain stable over time. Our stations
strive to maximize revenue by managing their on-air inventory of
advertising time and adjusting prices up or down based on supply
and demand. We seek to broaden our base of advertisers in each
of our markets by providing a wide array of audience demographic
segments across our cluster of
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stations, thereby providing each of our potential advertisers
with an effective means of reaching a targeted demographic
group. Our selling and pricing activity is based on demand for
our radio stations on-air inventory and, in general, we
respond to this demand by varying prices rather than by varying
our target inventory level for a particular station. Most
changes in revenue are explained by some combination of
demand-driven pricing changes and changes in inventory
utilization rather than by changes in the available inventory.
Advertising rates charged by radio stations, which are generally
highest during morning and afternoon commuting hours, are based
primarily on:
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a stations share of audiences generally, and in the
demographic groups targeted by advertisers (as measured by
ratings surveys); |
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the supply of and demand for radio advertising time generally
and for time targeted at particular demographic groups; and |
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certain additional qualitative factors. |
A stations listenership is reflected in ratings surveys
that estimate the number of listeners tuned to the station and
the time they spend listening. Each stations ratings are
used by its advertisers and advertising representatives to
consider advertising with the station and are used by Cumulus to
chart audience growth, set advertising rates and adjust
programming. The radio broadcast industrys principal
ratings service is Arbitron, which publishes periodic ratings
surveys for significant domestic radio markets. These surveys
are our primary source of ratings data.
We have an agreement with Arbitron that gives us access to
Arbitrons ratings materials in a majority of our markets
through July 2009.
Competition
The radio broadcasting industry is highly competitive. The
success of each of our stations depends largely upon its
audience ratings and its share of the overall advertising
revenue within its market. Our audience ratings and advertising
revenue are subject to change, and any adverse change in a
particular market affecting advertising expenditures or an
adverse change in the relative market positions of the stations
located in a particular market could have a material adverse
effect on the revenue of our radio stations located in that
market. There can be no assurance that any one or all of our
stations will be able to maintain or increase current audience
ratings or advertising revenue market share.
Our stations, including those to be acquired upon completion of
the pending acquisitions, compete for listeners and advertising
revenues directly with other radio stations within their
respective markets, as well as with other advertising media as
discussed below. Radio stations compete for listeners primarily
on the basis of program content that appeals to a particular
demographic group. By building a strong brand identity with a
targeted listener base consisting of specific demographic groups
in each of our markets, we are able to attract advertisers
seeking to reach those listeners. Companies that operate radio
stations must be alert to the possibility of another station
changing its format to compete directly for listeners and
advertisers. Another stations decision to convert to a
format similar to that of one of our radio stations in the same
geographic area or to launch an aggressive promotional campaign
may result in lower ratings and advertising revenue, increased
promotion and other expenses and, consequently, lower our
Station Operating Income.
Factors that are material to a radio stations competitive
position include station brand identity and loyalty, management
experience, the stations local audience rank in its
market, transmitter power and location, assigned frequency,
audience characteristics, local program acceptance and the
number and characteristics of other radio stations and other
advertising media in the market area. We attempt to improve our
competitive position in each market by extensively researching
and improving our stations programming, by implementing
advertising campaigns aimed at the demographic groups for which
our stations program and by managing our sales efforts to
attract a larger share of advertising dollars for each station
individually. However, we compete with some organizations that
have substantially greater financial or other resources than we
do.
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In 1996, changes in federal law and FCC rules dramatically
increased the number of radio stations a single party could own
and operate in a local market. Our management continues to
believe that companies that elect to take advantage of those
changes by forming groups of commonly owned stations or joint
arrangements such as LMAs in a particular market may in certain
circumstances have lower operating costs and may be able to
offer advertisers in those markets more attractive rates and
services. Although we currently operate multiple stations in
each of our markets and intend to pursue the creation of
additional multiple station groups in particular markets, our
competitors in certain markets include other parties who own and
operate as many stations as we do or more stations than we do.
We may also compete with those other parties or broadcast groups
for the purchase of additional stations in those market or new
markets. Some of these other parties and groups are owned or
operated by companies that have substantially greater financial
or other resources than we do.
A radio stations competitive position can be enhanced by a
variety of factors, including changes in the stations
format and an upgrade of the stations authorized power.
However, the competitive position of existing radio stations is
protected to some extent by certain regulatory barriers to new
entrants. The operation of a radio broadcast station requires a
license from the FCC, and the number of radio stations that an
entity can operate in a given market is limited. Under FCC rules
that became effective in 2004, the number of radio stations that
a party can own in a particular market is dictated largely by
whether the station is an Arbitron Metro (a designation designed
by a private party for use in advertising matters), and, if so,
the number of stations included in that Arbitron Metro. In those
markets which are not an Arbitron Metro, the number of stations
a party can own in the particular market is dictated by the
availability of FM radio frequencies allotted by the FCC to
communities in that market and the reach of the AM signals in
that market. For a discussion of FCC regulation (including
recent changes), see Federal Regulation of
Radio Broadcasting.
Our stations also compete for advertising revenue with other
media, including low power FM radio stations (that are
required to operate on a noncommercial basis), newspapers,
broadcast television, cable and satellite television, magazines,
direct mail, coupons and outdoor advertising. In addition, the
radio broadcasting industry is subject to competition from
companies that use new media technologies that are being
developed or have already been introduced, such as the Internet
and the delivery of digital audio programming by cable
television systems, by satellite radio carriers, and by
terrestrial-based radio stations that broadcast digital audio
signals. The FCC has authorized two companies to provide a
digital audio programming service by satellite to nationwide
audiences with a multi-channel, multi-format and with sound
quality equivalent to that of compact discs. The FCC has also
authorized FM terrestrial stations like ours to use two separate
antennae to deliver both the current analog radio signal and a
new digital signal. The FCC is also exploring the possibility of
allowing AM stations to deliver both analog and digital signals.
We cannot predict how new sources of competition will affect our
performance and income. The radio broadcasting industry
historically has grown despite the introduction of new
technologies for the delivery of entertainment and information,
such as television broadcasting, cable television, audio tapes
and compact discs. A growing population and greater availability
of radios, particularly car and portable radios, have
contributed to this growth. There can be no assurance, however,
that the development or introduction in the future of any new
media technology will not have an adverse effect on the radio
broadcasting industry in general or our stations in particular.
We cannot predict what other matters might be considered in the
future by the FCC or the Congress, nor can we assess in advance
what impact, if any, the implementation of any of these
proposals or changes might have on our business.
Employees
At December 31, 2004, we employed approximately
2,900 people. None of our employees are covered by
collective bargaining agreements, and we consider our relations
with our employees to be satisfactory.
9
We employ several on-air personalities with large loyal
audiences in their respective markets. On occasion, we enter
into employment agreements with these personalities to protect
our interests in those relationships that we believe to be
valuable. The loss of one or more of these personalities could
result in a short-term loss of audience share, but we do not
believe that any such loss would have a material adverse effect
on our financial condition or results of operations, taken as a
whole.
We generally employ one market manager for each radio market in
which we own or operate stations. Each market manager is
responsible for all employees of the market and for managing all
aspects of the radio operations. On occasion, we enter into
employment agreements with market managers to protect our
interests in those relationships that we believe to be valuable.
The loss of a market manager could result in a short-term loss
of performance in a market, but we do not believe that any such
loss would have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition or results of operations, taken as a whole.
Federal Regulation of Radio Broadcasting
Introduction. The ownership, operation and sale of radio
broadcast stations, including those licensed to us, are subject
to the jurisdiction of the FCC, which acts under authority
derived from the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the
Communications Act). The Telecom Act amended the
Communications Act and directed the FCC to change certain of its
broadcast rules. Among its other regulatory responsibilities,
the FCC issues permits and licenses to construct and operate
radio stations; assigns broadcast frequencies; determines
whether to approve changes in ownership or control of station
licenses; regulates transmission equipment, operating power, and
other technical parameters of stations; adopts and implements
regulations and policies that directly or indirectly affect the
ownership, operation and employment practices of stations;
regulates the content of some forms of radio broadcast
programming; and has the authority under the Communications Act
to impose penalties for violations of its rules.
The following is a brief summary of certain provisions of the
Communications Act, the Telecom Act, and related FCC rules and
policies (collectively, the Communications Laws).
This description does not purport to be comprehensive, and
reference should be made to the Communications Laws, public
notices, and decisions issued by the FCC for further information
concerning the nature and extent of federal regulation of radio
broadcast stations. Failure to observe the provisions of the
Communications Laws can result in the imposition of various
sanctions, including monetary forfeitures and the grant of a
short-term (less than the maximum term) license
renewal. For particularly egregious violations, the FCC may deny
a stations license renewal application, revoke a
stations license, or deny applications in which an
applicant seeks to acquire additional broadcast properties.
License Grant and Renewal. Radio broadcast licenses are
granted and renewed for maximum terms of eight years. Licenses
are renewed by filing an application with the FCC. Petitions to
deny license renewal applications may be filed by interested
parties, including members of the public. We are not currently
aware of any facts that would prevent the timely renewal of our
licenses to operate our radio stations, although there can be no
assurance that each of our licenses will be renewed for a full
term without adverse conditions.
Service Areas. The area served by AM stations is
determined by a combination of frequency, transmitter power and
antenna orientation. To determine the effective service area of
an AM station, the stations power, operating frequency,
antenna patterns and its day/night operating modes are required.
The area served by an FM station is determined by a combination
of transmitter power and antenna height, with stations divided
into classes according to these technical parameters.
Class C FM stations operate with the equivalent of 100
kilowatts of effective radiated power (ERP) at an
antenna height of up to 1,968 feet above average terrain.
They are the most powerful FM stations, providing service to a
large area, typically covering one or more counties within a
state. Class B FM stations operate with the equivalent
of 50 kilowatts ERP at an antenna height of up to
492 feet above average terrain. Class B stations
typically serve large metropolitan areas as well as their
associated suburbs.
10
Class A FM stations operate with the equivalent of
6 kilowatts ERP at an antenna height of up to 328 feet
above average terrain, and generally serve smaller cities and
towns or suburbs of larger cities.
The minimum and maximum facilities requirements for an
FM station are determined by its class. FM class
designations depend upon the geographic zone in which the
transmitter of the FM station is located. In general, commercial
FM stations are classified as follows, in order of increasing
power and antenna height: Class A, B1, C3, B, C2, C1, C0,
and C.
The following table sets forth the market, call letters, FCC
license classification, antenna elevation above average terrain
(for FM stations only), power and frequency of all owned
and operated stations as of February 28, 2005, all pending
station acquisitions operated under a LMA as of
February 28, 2005 and all announced pending station
acquisitions not operated as of February 28, 2005.
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Height | |
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Above | |
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Power | |
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Average | |
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(in Kilowatts) | |
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Expiration | |
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FCC | |
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Terrain | |
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| Market |
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Stations | |
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City of License | |
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Frequency | |
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Date of License | |
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Class | |
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(in feet) | |
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Day | |
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Night | |
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Abilene, TX
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KCDD FM |
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Hamlin, TX |
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103.7 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C |
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985 |
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98.0 |
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98.0 |
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KBCY FM |
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Tye, TX |
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99.7 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C1 |
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745 |
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100.0 |
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100.0 |
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KTLT FM |
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Anson, TX |
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98.1 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C2 |
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292 |
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50.0 |
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50.0 |
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KHXS FM |
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Merkel, TX |
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102.7 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C1 |
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745 |
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99.2 |
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99.2 |
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Albany, GA
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WNUQ FM |
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Albany, GA |
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101.7 |
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April 1, 2004 |
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A |
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299 |
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3.0 |
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3.0 |
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WEGC FM |
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Sasser, GA |
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107.7 |
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April 1, 2004 |
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C3 |
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312 |
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11.5 |
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11.5 |
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WALG AM |
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Albany, GA |
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1590 |
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April 1, 2004 |
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B |
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N.A. |
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5.0 |
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1.0 |
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WJAD FM |
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Leesburg, GA |
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103.5 |
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April 1, 2004 |
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C3 |
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463 |
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12.5 |
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12.5 |
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WKAK FM |
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Albany, GA |
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104.5 |
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April 1, 2004 |
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C1 |
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981 |
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98.0 |
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98.0 |
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WGPC AM |
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Albany, GA |
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1450 |
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April 1, 2004 |
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C |
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N.A. |
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1.0 |
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1.0 |
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WQVE FM |
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Camilla, GA |
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105.5 |
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April 1, 2004 |
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A |
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276 |
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6.0 |
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6.0 |
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WZBN FM |
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Sylvester, GA |
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102.1 |
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April 1, 2004 |
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A |
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259 |
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6.0 |
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6.0 |
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Amarillo, TX
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KZRK FM |
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Canyon, TX |
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107.9 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C1 |
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476 |
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100.0 |
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100.0 |
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KZRK AM |
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Canyon, TX |
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1550 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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B |
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N.A. |
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1.0 |
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0.2 |
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KARX FM |
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Claude, TX |
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95.7 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C1 |
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390 |
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100.0 |
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100.0 |
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KPUR AM |
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Amarillo, TX |
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1440 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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B |
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N.A. |
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5.0 |
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1.0 |
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KPUR FM |
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Canyon, TX |
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107.1 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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A |
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315 |
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6.0 |
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6.0 |
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KQIZ FM |
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Amarillo, TX |
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93.1 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C1 |
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699 |
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100.0 |
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100.0 |
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Appleton Oshkosh, WI
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WWWX FM |
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Oshkosh, WI |
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96.9 |
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December 1, 2004 |
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A |
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328 |
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6.0 |
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6.0 |
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WVBO FM |
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Winneconne, WI |
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103.9 |
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December 1, 2004 |
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C3 |
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328 |
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6.0 |
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6.0 |
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WNAM AM |
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Neenah Menasha, WI |
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1280 |
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December 1, 2004 |
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B |
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N.A. |
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20.0 |
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5.0 |
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WOSH AM |
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Oshkosh, WI |
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1490 |
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December 1, 2004 |
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C |
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N.A. |
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1.0 |
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1.0 |
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WPKR FM |
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Omro, WI |
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99.5 |
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December 1, 2004 |
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C2 |
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420 |
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50.0 |
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50.0 |
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Bangor, ME
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WQCB FM |
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Brewer, ME |
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106.5 |
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April 1, 2006 |
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C |
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1079 |
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98.0 |
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98.0 |
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WBZN FM |
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Old Town, ME |
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107.3 |
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April 1, 2006 |
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C2 |
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436 |
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50.0 |
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50.0 |
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WWMJ FM |
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Ellsworth, ME |
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95.7 |
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April 1, 2006 |
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B |
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1030 |
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11.5 |
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11.5 |
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WEZQ FM |
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Bangor, ME |
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92.9 |
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April 1, 2006 |
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B |
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787 |
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20.0 |
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20.0 |
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WDEA AM |
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Ellsworth, ME |
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1370 |
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April 1, 2006 |
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B |
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N.A. |
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5.0 |
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5.0 |
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Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX
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KSTB FM |
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Crystal Beach, TX |
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101.5 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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A |
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184 |
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6.0 |
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6.0 |
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KQXY FM |
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Beaumont, TX |
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94.1 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C1 |
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600.2 |
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100.0 |
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100.0 |
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KQHN AM |
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Nederland, TX |
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1510 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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D |
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N.A. |
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5.0 |
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0.0 |
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KIKR AM |
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Beaumont, TX |
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1450 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C |
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N.A. |
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1.0 |
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1.0 |
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KTCX FM |
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Beaumont, TX |
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102.5 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C2 |
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492 |
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50.0 |
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50.0 |
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| |
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KAYD FM |
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Silsbee, TX |
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101.7 |
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August 1, 2005 |
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C3 |
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502 |
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10.5 |
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|
10.5 |
|