UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-K
(Mark One) |
|
| [X] | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15
(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| [ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File Number 001-15823
VIRAGEN, INC.
| Delaware | 59-2101668 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
| incorporation or organization) |
865 SW 78th Avenue, Suite 100, Plantation, Florida 33324
(Address of principal executive offices)
(954) 233-8746
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes [X] No [ ]
The aggregate market value, as of September 7, 2004, of the registrants common stock held by non-affiliates based on the closing price on the American Stock Exchange was approximately $39,600,000.
As of September 7, 2004, there were 36,568,385 shares of the issuers common stock outstanding, par value $0.01.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Risk Factors included in our Prospectus, File No. 333-117338, filed on July 28, 2004, incorporated by reference into Part II Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
VIRAGEN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
Year Ended June 30, 2004
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| Sec 906 Chief Executive Officer Certification | ||||||||
| Sec 906 Chief Financial Officer Certification | ||||||||
1
PART I
Item 1. Business
Introduction
Viragen, Inc. (which may be referred to as we, us or our) is a Delaware corporation organized in 1980. We are a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the research, development, manufacture and sale of a natural human alpha interferon product indicated for treatment of a broad range of viral and malignant diseases. We are also developing innovative technologies aimed at improving the manufacturing processes used to manufacture certain medical therapies. Specifically, we are primarily focused on three fields of research and development:
| | human leukocyte derived interferon natural alpha interferon derived from human white blood cells for the treatment of a wide range of viral and malignant diseases. | |||
| | avian transgenics technologies designed to produce protein-based drugs inside the egg whites of transgenic developed chickens. | |||
| | oncological therapies therapeutic proteins and peptides for the treatment of targeted cancers. | |||
We operate through:
| | Viragen, Inc.parent company; | |||
| | ViraGenics, Inc.100% owned by Viragen, Inc.; | |||
| | Viragen International, Inc. 81.1% majority owned by Viragen, Inc.; | |||
| | Viragen (Scotland) Ltd.100% owned by Viragen International, Inc.; and | |||
| | ViraNative AB100% owned by Viragen International, Inc. | |||
You can learn more about us by visiting our web site at www.viragen.com. The information on our website is neither incorporated into, nor a part of, this report. We post links on our website to the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, statements of beneficial ownership on Forms 3, 4 and 5, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendment to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. Our website also includes copies of our press releases. All these filings and press releases are available through our website free of charge. Our filings may also be read and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information filed electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is www.sec.gov. Our stock trades on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol VRA.
Recent Developments
In June 2004, following approval by our stockholders, we completed the sale of convertible notes and common stock purchase warrants in the aggregate amount of $20 million. These notes mature on March 31, 2006 and are convertible by the investors, in whole or in part, into shares of our common stock at a conversion price equal to $1.516 per share. The warrants are exercisable for a period of three years at $1.819 per share. As part of this financing, our stockholders approved a one for ten reverse split of our common stock and a change in the number of authorized shares of our common stock. Accordingly, unless otherwise stated, all share and per share information herein have been restated to retroactively reflect this reverse stock split.
In March 2004, Charles A. Rice was appointed president and chief executive officer. He replaces Robert C. Salisbury who will continue to serve as a member of our board of directors and as president and chief executive officer of our wholly-owned subsidiary, ViraGenics, Inc.
Interferon
In July 2004, we were granted a patent (#6,743,624) from the United States Patent & Trademark Office for a process relating to the manufacture of MultiferonTM, our natural human alpha interferon drug derived from human white blood cells. The issued patent titled, Process For Continuous Purification And Concentration Of Leukocytes From Blood, relates to a novel process used to concentrate leukocytes (human white blood cells) during the production of Multiferon, which results in an enhanced yield of interferon from the cell preparation. This patent expires in March 2019.
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In March 2004, we filed a patent application in the United States covering the use of our natural human leukocyte-derived alpha interferon for the treatment and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This represents our third patent application related to the SARS indication.
In February 2004, we filed a patent application with the British Patent Office covering the use of natural, multi-subtype alpha interferon for human treatment and prevention of avian influenza virus, commonly known as avian flu. Avian influenza is an infectious viral disease of birds caused by type A influenza strain. The type A influenza group of viruses has certain characteristics that make them of particular concern to the human population. They have a tendency to undergo mutation, resulting in new variants for which no vaccine is available. In addition, such viruses have the potential to combine with viruses from other species, leading to pandemics due to the resulting difficulties in developing effective treatments or preventative measures.
We believe that Multiferon is a prime candidate for evaluation in avian influenza. We are providing samples of our product for in vitro studies in this area.
Avian Transgenics
In June 2004, we entered into a license agreement for Oxford BioMedicas LentiVector gene delivery technology. The agreement provides us with worldwide exclusive rights to utilize the proprietary LentiVector technology in our collaboration with Roslin Institute (Scotland) to develop avian transgenic technology as a novel platform for the efficient and economical manufacturing of therapeutic proteins in chicken eggs.
In March 2004, we extended our agreement with the Roslin Institute to develop avian transgenic technology. The agreement, extended by two years, continues to provide Viragen with the worldwide exclusive rights to commercialize avian transgenic biomanufacturing technology, believed to be capable of producing therapeutic protein-based drugs on a large-scale with advantages that include lower costs, increased efficiency and quality of product.
In March 2004, we entered into an agreement with RMR Technologies and the University of South Florida to obtain rights to a gene delivery technology to be evaluated in our collaboration with Roslin Institute to develop avian transgenic technology as an efficient and cost-effective biomanufacturing platform for the production of human therapeutic protein drugs.
Oncological Therapies
In April 2004, our Scottish subsidiary, Viragen (Scotland), was awarded a grant from the Scottish government for approximately $833,000 for the purpose of supporting the research and development of our anti-CD55 antibody, a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of a broad range of cancers, either alone or in combination with other anti-cancer antibodies.
Operations
Interferon
We produce a natural human alpha interferon product under the tradename of Multiferon from human white blood cells, also known as leukocytes. Natural interferon-alpha is one of the bodys most important natural defense mechanisms to foreign substances like viruses, but it also stimulates and modulates the human immune system. In addition, interferon inhibits the growth of various viruses including those associated with diseases such as hepatitis.
3
On September 28, 2001, through Viragen International, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of BioNative AB, a privately-held biotechnology company located in Umeå, Sweden. BioNative manufactured a natural human alpha interferon product called Interferon Alfanative®. Subsequent to the acquisition, BioNative was renamed ViraNative and Interferon Alfanative was further developed and renamed Multiferon. Multiferon is approved in Sweden and Mexico for the treatment of all diseases for which recombinant interferon therapy failed or the patient was unable to tolerate the regimen. The product is also approved for sale for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and hairy cell leukemia in the Czech Republic, Egypt, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Myanmar, South Africa and Thailand. Our natural human alpha interferon is not approved for sale in the United States or other European Union countries. We have not sought the approval of Multiferon from the United States Food and Drug Administration or its European Union counterparts, except Sweden.
We have entered into several agreements for the distribution of Multiferon in various countries. To date, we have not recognized revenue from many of these agreements. The majority of these agreements require that the distributor obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, which are yet to be obtained. Regulatory approval is a mandatory step in the marketing of a drug, but it is by no means the final challenge in marketing a biopharmaceutical product. Multiferon is a critical care product that is typically administered in a hospital setting. Therefore, in certain instances, it must be part of a hospitals approved formulary to enable physicians to be able to prescribe the product. This may include becoming approved within a nationalized network of hospitals. Also, the physicians must be educated as to the potential merits and advantages of the product.
There are other challenges associated with international marketing activities including: language and cultural barriers, in some instances poorly organized regulatory infrastructure and/or compliance procedures in certain countries where Multiferon may be marketed, performance of our distribution channels, governments willingness to promote cheaper generic products and the general populations inability to afford private care drug products. It may take significant time to overcome these challenges with no assurance that a particular market will ever be effectively penetrated.
During our first fiscal quarter of 2002, we suspended our clinical trials of OmniferonTM, our previous generation human leukocyte interferon. Omniferon was a leukocyte-derived natural human alpha interferon that we were progressing in Clinical Trials in Europe for the treatment of hepatitis C. While Omniferons clinical trials were ongoing, we acquired ViraNative, which manufactured and marketed Interferon Alfanative, had undergone clinical trials, also a natural human alpha interferon product. Interferon Alfanative had undergone clinical trails, was further along in the regulatory process and had secured limited approvals in certain countries. In light of the foregoing, we determined that our goal to commercialize a natural human interferon could be more quickly achieved by combining the best elements of both natural interferon programs which resulted in Multiferon. Accordingly, our Omniferon program was terminated and we focused our attention on the commercialization of Multiferon.
We will require significant additional financing to continue conducting and complete additional clinical trials for the purpose of obtaining European Union and/or U.S. Food and Drug Administration approvals of any product. We are currently compiling additional data from a completed clinical trial for melanoma conducted in Germany. We are also in the process of initiating clinical trial activities in Greece, South America and Germany. Even if we are able to secure necessary funding, clinical testing toward European Union and/or U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval is an expensive and complex process that is expected to take many years to complete, with no assurance that regulatory approvals for new therapies or new countries will eventually be obtained.
Avian Transgenics
We have an ongoing avian transgenic research and development project in collaboration with the Roslin Institute of Scotland. We believe that once fully developed, this technology will be used to create chickens which produce eggs containing targeted new drugs in the egg white to treat many serious diseases, including cancer. We believe this technology promises a faster and more cost effective method of production for many promising biopharmaceutical products. Also, we believe this technology will be capable of producing the larger quantities of protein-based drugs required for clinical and commercial applications.
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We believe that the chicken may serve as the ideal protein production vehicle. Avian transgenic production, based upon transgenic chickens, is expected to offer significant economic and technological advantages over traditional methods of protein production including: ease of scale-up; low capital risk; deferred capital investment; fast drug evaluation and development; and competitive costs.
The potential for reduced capital outlay and cost effectiveness of therapeutic production is the greatest incentive for the use of transgenic hens in drug production. Chickens have one of the lowest founder animal development costs of any transgenic system. The founder hen is bred or cloned to produce a transgenic flock. We believe that eventually a large number of birds can be produced very quickly and cheaply compared to other methods. Chickens can lay 250 eggs per year with each egg conservatively projected to be capable of containing yields of up to 100 mg of the target drug per egg. This speed and productivity, on a per egg basis, means that a relatively large amount of protein could be generated quickly.
Other key advantages include the relative ease of scale-up, time to production and glycosylation (the sugar structure of a protein which is critical to its function). It is believed that chickens yield a glycosylation pattern more similar to that found in humans than other transgenic systems such as with mammals or plants. This is believed to offer distinct clinical advantages for patients who develop neutralizing and binding antibodies to foreign sugar antigens on transgenic proteins which, in turn, may negate some or all of the beneficial effect of the protein drug in the patient.
Oncological Therapies
We believe that no single approach or method is likely to treat all cancers effectively. We have approached the treatment of targeted cancers from several directions which we believe will increase our likelihood of clinical success.
In collaboration with the University of Miamis Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center we are researching and developing a specific anti-cancer technology. The joint project is designed to develop a novel form of an immune enhancing drug that has shown promise by inhibiting solid tumor growth in mice. The drug is a novel 11 amino acid peptide called IEP 11, which was derived from a tumor transmembrane glycoprotein. It may possess anti-cancer vaccine properties both prophylactically and therapeutically.
In collaboration with the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, we have initiated research on monoclonal antibodies targeting ganglioside GD3 for the treatment of melanoma and possibly certain other cancers. Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced, highly specialized therapeutic proteins that can locate and bind to cancer cells wherever they are in the body. Many monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer detection or therapy. While the particular antibody that we are working on in cooperation with the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center has been known for a number of years, it requires optimization that we believe that we can accomplish. While working with traditional monoclonal antibody manufacturing methods, we are also engaged in working with our avian trangenics team on this important protein.
In collaboration with the Cancer Research UK and the University of Nottingham, we are developing monoclonal antibodies to block the protective effect of the protein CD55 on the surface of tumor cells. The protein CD55 is one of a number of proteins which protect normal healthy cells from being destroyed by the complement system. The problem arises when cancer cells also express this control protein to camouflage themselves from the immune system at levels up to 100 fold greater than normal. We are developing an antibody to remove this protection from tumor cells for the treatment of colorectal, breast, ovarian and certain bone cancers. With this protective effect removed, the bodys natural immune system, or other anti-cancer compounds, can act against the tumor. We expect this product candidate to be potentially useful in stand-alone applications as well as in combination with other bio and or chemo-therapeutic agents in a variety of cancers.
In April 2004, our Scottish subsidiary, Viragen (Scotland), was awarded a grant from the Scottish government for approximately $833,000 for the purpose of supporting the research and development of our anti-CD55 antibody.
5
Distribution Agreements and Strategic Alliances
Interferon
In November 2003, we entered into an agreement with Pentafarma S.A. (Pentafarma) to serve as our exclusive distributor of our natural human alpha interferon, Multiferon, exclusively in Chile. Headquartered in Santiago, Pentafarma is a specialized leader in the distribution of healthcare products related to dialysis and nephrology and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fresenius Medical Care, the worlds largest, integrated provider of products and services for chronic kidney failure. Pentafarma believes that Multiferon may offer benefits to a growing segment of its dialysis patients and intends to initially evaluate the use of Multiferon in dialysis patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C. The agreement provides that Pentafarma shall take the measures necessary to achieve regulatory approval for Multiferon in Chile
In May 2003, we entered into an exclusive distribution agreement with Arriani Pharmaceuticals S.A. to distribute Multiferon in Greece and designated Balkan countries. The agreement provides that Arriani Pharmaceuticals, headquartered in Athens, Greece, shall take the measures necessary to achieve regulatory approvals for Multiferon in Greece, Cyprus and Slovenia following our receipt of the Mutual Recognition Procedure (MRP) approval in the European Union (EU), as well as to obtain and maintain the appropriate regulatory approvals in Bulgaria and Croatia. We have not yet commenced the MRP registration process. As a result, we are not realizing any financial benefit from this agreement at this time. MRP approval for Cyprus and Slovenia is subject to their pending acceptance into the EU. A clinical program with Multiferon is expected to begin in Greece by the end of 2004. This will be a Phase-IV clinical trial.
In May 2003, we entered into a distribution agreement with CJ Pharma, the U.S. Pharmaceutical Division of CJ Corporation, and their CJ Hong Kong Ltd. subsidiary, as exclusive distributors of our natural human alpha interferon in Hong Kong. Our natural human alpha interferon is currently approved in Hong Kong as a second-line therapy for the treatment of patients with hairy cell leukemia or chronic myelogenous leukemia who did not respond to recombinant (synthetic) interferon regimens. In June 2003, CJ Hong Kong initiated an update of the registration in that country to include the expanded indication for any and all patients showing an initial response to recombinant interferon therapy followed by failure. In April 2004, we terminated this distribution agreement. We are currently in the process of identifying potential partners to license, market, sell and distribute Multiferon in Hong Kong.
In March 2003, the South African regulatory authorities approved an application filed by Viragens distribution partner in that country, Key Oncologics Ltd. Viragen has granted Key Oncologics the exclusive rights to distribute our natural human alpha interferon in South Africa and an initial product order has been delivered. The South African regulatory approval allows for the treatment of patients with hairy cell leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia who did not respond to recombinant (synthetic) interferon regimens. Additional applications have been filed to broaden the products approved indications to include the treatment of certain viral and malignant diseases including hepatitis C and cancer. The South African market for alpha interferon products is extremely competitive and it is uncertain whether or not the current distribution relationship will be economically viable in the future.
In January 2003, we renewed and extended our agreement with Laboratorios Pisa, a leading Mexican pharmaceutical company. The new agreement has a term of ten years and provides Laboratorios Pisa with the exclusive rights to distribute Multiferon in Mexico. In February 2004, Multiferon was launched in Mexico to target the treatments of hairy cell leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. We expect Laboratorios Pisa to launch Multiferon in Mexico in September 2004 for the treatment of hepatitis B and C. In July 2004, Laboratorios Pisa made organizational changes in order to allocate more resources for the marketing and selling of Multiferon in that territory. We are working with Laboratorios Pisa on the design of clinical studies in patients with hepatitis C and chronic myelogenous leukemia in Mexico.
6
In September 2002, negotiations were finalized to appoint Harvester Trading Co., a leading healthcare distributor in Taiwan, Republic of China, as our exclusive distributor for Multiferon in that country. The initial term of the distribution agreement is five years, with an initial three year renewal term, and two additional three year renewal terms, unless six months written notice of termination is provided by either party prior to the end of the initial term or a renewal term. During the initial five-year term, Harvester has agreed to purchase a minimum of $4 million worth of product. Under this agreement, Harvester is responsible for obtaining all regulatory approvals for the sale of Multiferon in Taiwan. In connection with the regulatory approval process, Harvester is required, at its expense, to initiate a local bridging clinical trial of Multiferon which, if successful, will be used to support licensure. The bridging clinical trial will be initiated when the Taiwanese regulatory authorities complete their review the initial documentation submitted by Harvester in March 2003. The trial is planned to be conducted according to our standard protocol with 40 patients suffering from Hepatitis C who have failed previous recombinant interferon therapies. In the meantime, a pre-license sales program commenced in February 2003. In Taiwan, we have treated five hepatitis C patients with Multiferon who had failed recombinant interferon therapy in Taiwan. Four of the patients responded well to Multiferon treatment, while one patient withdrew from therapy due to issues unrelated to Multiferon.
In September 2002, we entered into an exclusive agreement with Drogsan Healthcare Ltd. to exclusively distribute Multiferon in Turkey following the notification from MetDem, our prior distributor, of their intent to exit the healthcare market. Drogsan Healthcare is a leading pharmaceutical company in Turkey, with experience in the distribution of pharmaceutical products. Regulatory documentation to start the registration approval process have been provided to Drogsan Healthcare and the agreement provides that Drogsan will obtain and maintain the appropriate regulatory approval in Turkey, including responsibility for all associated costs. Marketing authorization is expected to be achieved at the end of 2004.
In April 2002, we signed an exclusive supply and distribution agreement with AGC, a Pakistan-based, multinational conglomerate, for a number of middle-eastern countries. This agreement supersedes the original agreement signed with AGC in November 1998. In 2003, this agreement was further modified to limit the exclusive territories to only Pakistan. The agreement provides for the purchase and distribution of Multiferon upon regulatory approval. Regulatory documentation has been provided to AGC and has been filed with the Ministry of Health of Pakistan. AGC has notified us that the meeting of the Registration Committee of the Ministry of Health in Pakistan will occur sometime during the remainder of calendar 2004. If this review is successful, the Registration Committee would grant final approval for AGC to initiate marketing of Multiferon in Pakistan.
Under the AGC agreement, AGC is responsible for clinical and regulatory costs to obtain approvals for commercialization of the product. AGC is also responsible for all subsequent sales, marketing and distribution activities. AGC is required to build, own and operate, at their expense, a pharmaceutical distribution facility in Pakistan. AGC has informed us that they initially intend to focus on distribution for the treatment of hepatitis B and C. These diseases are at epidemic proportions in Pakistan. We have no assurances that the Registration Committee will meet or approve the marketing of Multiferon. As a result, we have no assurances that AGC will be able to perform its obligations under the agreement.
We are considering proposals from other potential business partners for the development, marketing, sale and distribution of Multiferon in other territories around the world.
7
Avian Transgenics
On November 15, 2000, we entered into a development, license and collaboration agreement with the Roslin Institute (Edinburgh). The agreement provides for joint continued development of transgenics technology in chickens. The technology will be used to create chickens which produce eggs containing targeted new drugs in the egg white to treat many serious diseases, including cancer. We believe this technology promises a much faster and cost effective method of production for many promising biopharmaceutical products. Also, we believe this technology will be capable of producing the larger quantities of protein-based drugs required for clinical and commercial applications. In March 2004, we extended our agreement with the Roslin Institute to develop avian transgenic technology. The agreement, extended by two years, continues to provide us with the worldwide exclusive rights to continue development and commercialize Roslins proprietary avian transgenic biomanufacturing technology.
On May 14, 2001, we entered into an option agreement with Geron Corporation. This agreement provided us the option to enter into a license agreement with Geron, during the three-year option period ending May 14, 2004. The license, if entered into, would have been for rights to certain nuclear transfer and transgenesis technology owned by Geron. We did not extend or exercise this option.
In March 2003, we entered into an agreement with Oxford BioMedica plc to obtain rights to a technology that may prove helpful in our collaboration with Roslin Institute to develop avian transgenic technology as a novel platform for the efficient, cost-effective manufacturing of protein drugs. The agreement provided Viragen with an option to acquire an exclusive worldwide license for proprietary gene transfer vectors, biotechnology tools designed to transfer genes into cells at high efficiency. In June 2004, we exercised an option entering into a license agreement for Oxford BioMedicas LentiVector gene delivery technology providing us with worldwide exclusive rights to the avian applications for this technology. Initial studies evaluating a novel use for these vectors, which transfer genes for therapeutic proteins into developing chicken embryos, have yielded successful and consistent results. However, it should be noted that additional work is necessary to be able to express the targeted proteins in the egg whites of transgenic chickens in sufficient quantities to make the process commercially viable. This work is currently underway at the Roslin Institute and our own research facility in Scotland.
In March 2004, we entered into an agreement with RMR Technologies and the University of South Florida to obtain rights to a gene delivery technology to be evaluated in collaboration with Roslin Institute to develop avian transgenic technology. This technology is currently in the early development stages.
Oncological Therapies
In July 2002, Viragen entered into an agreement with the University of Miamis Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center to develop a unique anti-cancer technology. The joint project is designed to develop a novel form of an immune enhancing drug that has shown promise by inhibiting solid tumor growth in mice. This drug is a novel 11 amino acid peptide called IEP 11, which was derived from a tumor transmembrane glycoprotein. We believe this technology may possess anti-cancer vaccine properties both prophylactically and therapeutically. Additionally, the agreement provides Viragen with an option to acquire an exclusive worldwide license to commercialize the technology. The University of Miami has filed United States and foreign patent applications relative to this technology.
In July 2000, Viragen entered into an agreement with the Cancer Research UK and the University of Nottingham to develop an antibody therapy which we believe may have potential in the treatment of several indications including breast, ovarian and colorectal cancers. This project is based on the development monoclonal antibodies designed to block the protective effect of the protein CD55 on the surface of tumor cells. The development was carried out in collaboration with the Cancer Research UK Department of Clinical Oncology at the University of Nottingham in England. The initial term of this agreement has expired. We are currently in discussions with the Cancer Research UK regarding a new agreement centered on continued development of the antibodies.
8
In December 1999, through Viragen (Scotland) Ltd., we entered into a collaborative agreement with the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. The agreement is for the development of a human monoclonal antibody targeting ganglioside GD3, which may be used alone or in combination with our Multiferon product, for the treatment of melanoma, a potentially fatal skin cancer. This technology could also prove useful in the treatment of certain other cancers. In February 2002, the agreement was extended through February 2005. While working with traditional monoclonal antibody manufacturing methods, we are also engaged in working with our avian trangenics team on this important protein.
The Interferon Industry
Prior to 1985, natural interferon was the only type of interferon available. Research institutions and other biomedical companies, including Viragen, Inc., were working to solve the problem of the high cost related to the industrial-scale production of natural interferon. In 1985, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. and Schering-Plough Corporation, two major pharmaceutical companies, successfully developed synthetic interferons using recombinant DNA technology. These companies subsequently received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval to produce and market their recombinant alpha interferon products for numerous indications.
After the emergence of recombinant or synthetic alpha interferon, the medical communitys interest in natural interferon diminished. This was due primarily to the limited availability and higher cost of production of natural interferon. Most clinical studies thereafter utilized a synthetic product.
Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., which produces Roferon® and Pegasys®, and Schering-Plough Corporation, which produces Intron A® and Peg-Intron®, continue to actively market their products for a wide range of indications and promote the therapeutic benefits of their synthetic interferon products. In 1993, Schering AG Germany, through its U.S. owned Berlex Laboratories, received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of BetaSeronTM, its recombinant beta interferon, for the treatment of relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. In 1996, Biogen, Inc. received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for Avonex®, its recombinant beta interferon, for relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. In 1997, Teva Pharmaceuticals received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of its peptide chemical compound, Copaxone®, for relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. Infergen®, which is licensed by InterMune from Amgen, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hepatitis C.
The current worldwide market for interferon, which is dominated by the recombinant interferons, is estimated to be in excess of $3 billion. Pegylated versions of the drug have been produced to offer patients the convenience of a weekly dosage, instead of three times a week, thus improving convenience of administration. Pegylation is a process which helps prevent the interferon from being destroyed by the immune system. As a result, the interferon lasts longer in the body.
Our Natural Interferon Product
We derive our natural human alpha interferon from human white blood cells also known as leukocytes. Natural interferon is one of the bodys natural defensive responses to foreign substances like viruses. It is so named because it interferes with viral growth. Natural interferons are naturally-produced proteins that induce anti-viral, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory responses within the body. Clinical studies indicate that interferons may also inhibit malignant cell and tumor growth without affecting normal cell activity.
There are two industrial sources of interferon for medical use. They are differentiated primarily by their source products, methods of manufacture and resulting composition. The first, the type we produce, is a natural multi-subtype human leukocyte-derived alpha interferon. This is produced by incubated human white blood cells, induced by a virus that is not normally pathogenic in humans, to produce natural interferon as a normal mechanism of defense. Natural interferon is then purified to produce a highly concentrated product for clinical use. The second type of interferon is recombinant or synthetic interferon (typically alpha or beta). This is a genetically engineered interferon. Generally, it is produced from a single human gene in bacterial cells by recombinant DNA techniques.
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Approximately 90% of the interferon market is dominated by recombinant products. This is mainly due to the high cost and complexity of producing natural interferon, as well as the marketing expertise of those companies that offer these products. We believe that production methods we have developed, as well as enhanced methods currently under development, will continue to reduce our costs of production and, ultimately, the market price of natural human leukocyte derived interferon to patients. However, we cannot assure you that any new manufacturing technology will achieve the level of manufacturing proficiency and product improvement hoped for.
We believe that there may be certain advantages to the natural interferon products, especially in terms of tolerability and efficacy. Clinical studies and anecdotal evidence indicates that there may be therapeutic differences between the use of natural interferon and synthetic interferon. We believe that treatment with synthetic interferon may cause an immunological response through the production by the human immune system of neutralizing and/or binding antibodies. These antibodies could reduce the effectiveness of the treatment or may cause adverse side effects and treatment failure. Published clinical literature suggests that the production of neutralizing and/or binding antibodies may be essentially non-existent in patients treated with natural interferon. Furthermore, primarily due to biological differences, the side effects of treatment with natural interferon may be milder than those caused by a recombinant or synthetic interferon. In addition, some patients who are non-responsive or have experienced adverse side effects to recombinant interferon have shown a response when treated by natural interferon.
Applications of Interferon
Interferon is a naturally occurring protein which serves to enhance the bodys immune response to viral infections. It has been clinically proven that interferons can arrest the progress of many viral based infections, reducing adverse symptoms and disease related complications. In addition, it is believed that the multi-subtype nature of natural interferons may provide advantages over single subtype recombinant forms.
Hepatitis C
The hepatitis C virus is a major worldwide cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis C affects an estimated 4 million Americans and 5 million Europeans. Approximately 30,000 new cases of hepatitis C are diagnosed each year in the U.S. and it is responsible for an estimated 8,000 deaths annually. Hepatitis C is currently a leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved certain synthetic interferon products for the treatment of hepatitis C including:
| | Hoffmann-La Roches Roferon® and Pegasys® | |||
| | Hoffmann-La Roches Pegasys® used in combination with Copegus, Roches ribavirin | |||
| | Schering-Ploughs Intron A® and Peg-Intron ® used in conjunction with Rebetol® | |||
| | Intermunes Infergen®. | |||
Synthetic interferon has proven to be effective in the treatment of some cases of hepatitis C. Based on clinical experience in Sweden, our natural interferon product has also proven effective in the treatment of hepatitis C. However, prior to approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, extensive additional clinical trials costing many million dollars will be required. These studies could take several years to complete.
Following our acquisition of ViraNative in September 2001, we terminated our clinical trials in the EU for hepatitis C with our Omniferon product. This decision reflected our intention to focus our scientific and financial resources on our Multiferon product. Local Phase III/IV clinical trials are expected to be required to register the drug in various foreign countries. The costs of these clinical studies are expected to be underwritten by the local exclusive distributors with whom we contract.
It is not likely that we will be able to initiate clinical trials in hepatitis C in the United States or the EU without the financial assistance of a third party.
10
Melanoma
Melanoma is a type of cancer which originates in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for pigmentation of the skin. Over 30,000 cases per year are diagnosed in the United States alone. Melanoma has one of the fastest growing occurrence rates, increasing at a rate in excess of 4% per year. Lifetime risk of developing melanoma in an average American is currently about one in 75 and it is the most commonly occurring cancer in women between the ages of 25 and 29. Melanoma is second only to breast cancer in women ages 30 to 34.
We conducted a Phase II/III clinical trial in Germany with Interferon Alfanative for the adjuvant treatment of malignant melanoma, which indicated promising results. The study involved 152 patients with malignant melanoma in 20 centers, who were randomized to receive either Interferon Alfanative after dacarbazine or no adjuvant therapy.
The preliminary results obtained in this study showed that adjuvant treatment with low doses of our product, preceded by dacarbazine, significantly increases relapse-free survival in high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma patients. The preliminary results suggest a survival benefit which is at least similar to that obtained with a high-dose recombinant interferon regimen. Two preliminary findings in the study suggest that adjuvant treatment chosen in this study may have a long-term beneficial effect on overall survival. First, the proportion of patients who were alive without distant metastases was significantly higher in the treated patients than in the untreated patients. Second, patients who had withdrawn from the observation group (and received other types of treatment) retrospectively were found to have had a higher mortality rate than those who had been subject to regular follow up. The study suggests that a major advantage of this type of adjuvant therapy is its relative lack of toxicity.
The final data collected from our melanoma study has been delivered to an independent contract research organization for statistical determinations. We anticipate receiving the final results in September 2004. If the evidence supports our preliminary findings, we intend to submit a registration filing with the Swedish regulatory authorities for this new indication. Following the response from the Swedish regulatory authorities, we will consider registration through the Mutual Recognition Procedure (MRP) for the EU. It is our intention to identify and negotiate one or more exclusive marketing and distribution agreements with third parties for the distribution of our product within the EU for the treatment of malignant melanoma
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia is one of a group of diseases called myeloproliferative disorders. It is usually recognized by a distinctive cytogenetic abnormality, known as the Philadelphia chromosome. The current treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia is high dose chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation. Interferon therapy has emerged as a possible effective initial treatment in this disease. This type of therapy affects both the presence of leukemia cells and the number of bone marrow cells having the Philadelphia chromosome.
Multiferon is approved in a number of countries for chronic myelogenous leukemia. We have planned a new clinical trial in Mexico in support of our distributor Laboratorio Pisa, to facilitate marketing activities in that territory. We expect this clinical trial to begin by the end of 2004.
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Hairy cell leukemia is a disease in which a type of white blood cell called the lymphocyte, present in the blood and bone marrow, becomes malignant and proliferates. It is called hairy cell leukemia because the cells have tiny hair-like projections when viewed under the microscope. Hairy cell leukemia is a rare cancer. There are approximately 600 new cases diagnosed every year in the United States, making up about 2% of the adult cases of leukemia each year.
We are approved in Sweden to manufacture and distribute Multiferon for the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and hairy cell leukemia who did not respond to treatment with recombinant interferon. We have no current plans to conduct new clinical trials in this indication.
11
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, often disabling disease of the central nervous system. This disease often attacks young adults. It is estimated that there are approximately 350,000 patients in the U.S. and a similar number in Europe.
Multiple sclerosis has been an important potential market for recombinant interferon beta preparations and this is a growing segment worldwide, valued at almost $2 billion in 2001. Natural interferon alpha has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Clinical studies have shown that neutralizing antibodies to interferon alpha and interferon beta are not cross reactive in MS patients, which means that Multiferon could be of therapeutic benefit to overcome relapse due to antibody formation in MS patients treated with a recombinant interferon beta preparation.
We have not submitted an application in the United States, European Union, or any other country for the treatment of multiple sclerosis utilizing Multiferon. Completion of clinical trials for multiple sclerosis, if commenced, is expected to take several years and require significant additional funding.
Potential Applications of Interferon
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus, called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first reported in Asia in February 2003. Over the next few months, the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. While the immediate threat of SARS has been largely contained, many international health officials are predicting that additional global outbreaks will recur, possibly at epidemic or pandemic scales, especially during the winter months when viruses can thrive in lower temperatures.
According to the World Health Organization, as of December 31, 2003, a cumulative total of 8,096 probable SARS cases with 774 deaths have been reported from 27 countries with the highest concentrations reported in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Currently, there is no effective treatment for SARS and global health agencies are seeking to evaluate potential treatment strategies.
In September 2003, we reported positive results from in vitro studies that evaluated the use of our natural human alpha interferon, Multiferon, for the treatment of SARS. These preliminary studies, conducted by researchers at the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), appear to confirm that the natural, human leukocyte-derived alpha interferon is a prime candidate for the treatment of SARS. The preliminary Viragen/GIS studies demonstrated a clear anti-viral response when Multiferon was added to SARS-infected cells. The effect on the infected cells was tested using standard methodology to determine the change in the Cytopathic Effect (the destruction of cells infected by a virus) and in the reduction of viral plaques (areas of cells destroyed by a virus). The results showed a clear reduction in the viral effects as the Multiferon concentration was increased.
At the current time we have no plans to conduct clinical trials in patients with SARS as the patient population is extremely limited. Clinical trials would require several years to complete and the costs associated are estimated at several million dollars.
Bio-Defense
We have provided samples of Multiferon internationally for evaluation for potential bio-defense applications. Studies are ongoing.
12
Project BioShield has been approved in the United States for the sole purpose of funding the development of products that may be used by the general population in the event of a terrorist attack, including the use of disease-causing agents, such as viruses. We are in the process of applying for a grant from Project BioShield to develop a novel product for these purposes. There can be no guarantee that such a grant will be approved or that funding will be obtained to permit continuation of studies to result in a commercializable product.
Research and Development
The entire process of research, development and the approval by any governmental regulatory agency including the European Union and/or U.S. Food Drug Administration of a new biopharmaceutical drug takes many years. It also requires substantial funding and clinical support.
We conducted a Phase II/III clinical trial in Germany with Interferon Alfanative for the adjuvant treatment of malignant melanoma, which indicated promising results. The study involved 152 patients with malignant melanoma in 20 centers, who were randomized to receive either Interferon Alfanative with dacarbazine or no adjuvant therapy. The results obtained in this study showed that adjuvant treatment with low doses of our product, preceded by dacarbazine, significantly increases relapse-free survival in high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma patients. The results suggest a survival benefit which is at least similar to that obtained with a high-dose recombinant interferon regimen. In September 2003, a follow-up to all patients involved in this trial was initiated and it is expected to be completed by the end of 2004. Results from this follow-up are intended to further validate the results of the Phase II/III clinical trial. The final data collected from our melanoma study has been delivered to an independent contract research organization for statistical determinations. We anticipate receiving the final results in September 2004. If the evidence supports our preliminary findings, we intend to submit a registration filing with the Swedish regulatory authorities for this new indication.
A named-patient basis program with children suffering from hepatitis C is planned in Germany as soon as all approvals are in place. The objective of this program is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Multiferon in the treatment of children with hepatitis C.
We have a number of ongoing process development activities geared towards optimizing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of our natural interferon manufacturing process. These include investigations into alternative sources of the raw material from which the product is manufactured, optimization of the purification process, new formulations and new dosage forms. We are also researching the precise mechanisms of action of our natural interferon product, the advantages of the multi-subtype nature and the reasons for the superior tolerability. Efforts are also geared toward expanding the scope of our natural interferon product by investigating its use to treat a variety of diseases.
Research and development costs totaled approximately $3,592,000, $3,319,000, and $4,932,000, for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Intellectual Property
We believe our natural human alpha interferon production techniques are unique and are capable of yielding a superior quality product and will allow us to produce the product at low costs relative to the competition.
In July 2004, we were granted a patent (#6,743,624) from the United States Patent & Trademark Office for a process relating to the manufacture of Multiferon, our natural human alpha interferon drug derived from human white blood cells. The issued patent titled, Process For Continuous Purification And Concentration Of Leukocytes From Blood, relates to a novel process used to concentrate leukocytes (human white blood cells) during the production of Multiferon, which results in an enhanced yield of interferon from the cell preparation. This patent expires in March 2019.
In March 2004, we filed a patent application in the United States covering the use of our natural human alpha interferon for the treatment and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This represents our third patent application related to the SARS indication.
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In February 2004, Viragen filed a patent application with the British Patent Office covering the use of natural, multi-subtype alpha interferon for human treatment and prevention of avian influenza virus, commonly known as avian flu. Avian influenza is an infectious viral disease of birds caused by type A influenza strain. The type A influenza group of viruses has certain characteristics that make them of particular concern to the human population. They have a tendency to undergo mutation, resulting in new variants for which no vaccine is available. In addition, such viruses have the potential to combine with viruses from other species, leading to pandemics due to the resulting difficulties in developing effective treatments or preventative measures. While no studies are currently planned or ongoing, we believe that Multiferon is a prime candidate for evaluation in avian influenza studies. We are contacting those international research organizations which are conducting studies in this area and offering samples of our product for in vitro and human evaluations.
In May 2003, we filed a patent application with the British Patent Office covering the use of natural human leukocyte-derived alpha interferon for the treatment and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A second patent application also related to the treatment of SARS was filed in August 2003, including the results from in-vitro testing performed at the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS).
In August 2000, the World Intellectual Property Organization published our international patent application related to methods of isolating highly purified natural type 1 interferons. Based on this international application, Viragen was granted an additional patent (-6,433,144 B1) from the United States Patent & Trademark Office in August 2000 for a process relating to the manufacture of human natural alpha interferon from human white blood cells. This invention also relates to methods for isolating highly-purified mixtures of natural type I interferons from white blood cells and also to highly-purified mixtures of natural type I interferons which resemble natural type I interferon in that it includes 9 subtypes and specifically protects certain novel purification steps in it manufacture that increases purity to 95-98%.
In February 2002, Viragen was granted a patent (-6,350,589 B1) from the United States Patent & Trademark Office for a process relating to the manufacture of human natural alpha interferon from human white blood cells. The patent, Compositions of Highly-Purified Natural Mixtures of Type 1 Interferon Derived from Leukocytes and Methods relates to methods for isolating highly-purified mixtures of natural type I interferons from white blood cells and also to highly-purified mixtures of natural type I interferons which resemble natural type I interferon in that it includes 9 subtypes. ViraNative has also filed 4 patents relating to human leukocyte interferon and related production processes.
United States and foreign patents have been issued to others for genetically engineered and human-derived interferons. In the event of valid claims, we may have to negotiate license agreements with patent holders to use some processes and products. We believe that we do not infringe upon any current patent. We have not received any communications or had any conversations with the owners of related patents that may potentially make claims or who have threatened to make a claim that our patents infringe their patents.
It is possible to challenge the validity and enforceability of a patent by litigation after its issuance. If the outcome is against the owner of the patent, other parties may be free to use the subject matter of the patent. Protection provided by foreign patents may be different than in the United States. The actual protection we receive from a foreign patent may vary from one country to another. Protection realized may also depend on the type of patent, scope of coverage granted and the legal remedies available in each country. We cannot guarantee that any future patents will offer substantial protection or commercial benefit to us.
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Regulation
Our activities, products and processes are subject to substantial government regulation within the United States, the European Union (EU) and other foreign jurisdictions. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, foreign jurisdictions and state and local agencies regulate the manufacturing, advertising, packaging, labeling and sale of biologic substances and pharmaceutical products. Regulatory authorities have stringent mandatory procedures and standards, which apply to the clinical testing, manufacture and marketing of any biologic products, including ours. Regulatory approvals for commercialization of any new product take significant time and capital, since it involves extensive testing procedures and lengthy clinical trials. These trials involve the measurement of product safety and efficacy under specific protocols. The process of obtaining approvals requires extensive prior animal testing to demonstrate product safety. Human tests are then performed to show and to document findings as to safety and effectiveness. Data is then gathered and evaluated, followed by the submission of all information and data to the regulatory authorities. This process takes many years and substantial funding.
Extension of the number of licenses held in the EU can be achieved for products like Multiferon through the Mutual Recognition Procedure. This process makes it possible to hold marketing authorizations in all, or some, Member States. Mutual Recognition is administered by and between the competent authorities of the member states where marketing authorizations are sought. Subject to the successful completion of clinical trials, we believe this is the regulatory route that would be used to secure regulatory approval in the EU. Product pricing and reimbursement guidelines are dictated by the individual EU member states and are subject to change.
In Europe and the United States, human clinical trial programs generally involve a three-phase process. Typically, Phase I trials are conducted in healthy volunteers to determine any early side effects and the pattern of drug distribution and metabolism. Phase II trials are conducted in groups of patients afflicted with the target disease to provide preliminary data on the effectiveness and safety of a new drug product. If Phase II evaluations indicate potential effectiveness with an acceptable safety profile, Phase III trials are performed. Phase III is performed to demonstrate clinical effectiveness and safety within an expanded patient population from multiple clinical study sites. Regulatory authorities may also require Phase IV studies to track patients after a product is approved for commercial sale.
American pharmaceutical manufacturers who sell outside of the United States are also subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration jurisdiction. Semi-finished drugs may be shipped, under controlled circumstances, for further processing, packaging, labeling and distribution to third parties in approved foreign countries. This controlled distribution is also subject to the laws that apply in the importing countries. For Viragen to conduct this type of sale, we must comply with all U.S. Food and Drug Administration rules and regulations.
It is possible that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or foreign regulatory authorities could modify or expand their approval criteria or reporting requirements. These changes could significantly increase or decrease the time and expense to develop a new product and bring that product to market.
In May 2004, the Swedish Medical Products Agency approved extending the shelf-life of Multiferon to 18 months from its previously approved labeling of 12 months.
In May 2003, Mexican regulatory authorities approved an application filed by our distributor, Laboratorios Pisa, a leading Mexican pharmaceutical company, to expand the uses of Multiferon. This broadened approval extended use of the product to include the treatment of patients afflicted with any and all diseases in which patients show an initial response to recombinant (synthetic) alpha interferon followed by treatment failure, possibly due to the formation of neutralizing antibodies.
In January 2002, the Medical Products Agency in Sweden approved an extended indication for Multiferon, to include second-line treatment for any and all those patients failing previous interferon therapies, probably due to neutralizing antibodies. This approval broadens the use of the product for all indications of the recombinant interferons, where patients have not responded or have had breakthrough response and later relapsed. Main indications include hepatitis B and C, malignant melanoma, hairy cell leukemia, myelogenous leukemia, multiple sclerosis and other types of cancer.
15
Competition
Competition in the research, development and production of interferon and other immunological products is intense and growing. Our competition includes many major, well-established and well-financed pharmaceutical and commercial entities, as well as major educational and scientific institutions. Many researchers, some of whom have substantial private and government funding, are involved with interferon production, including production of interferon through synthetic DNA technology. A number of large companies, including Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Schering-Plough Corporation, Biogen, Inc., Chiron Corp., Berlex Laboratories and Ares-Serono are producing, selling and conducting clinical trials with their recombinant interferons (alpha and beta) and other immunological products in the areas of cancer and viral infections, including hepatitis C. Alfa Wassermann, formerly one of our customers, is presently producing a low purified natural alpha interferon product with distribution primarily in Italy.
We believe that competition is also based on production ability, technological superiority, regulatory expertise in obtaining governmental approvals for testing and manufacturing and the capabilities of companies in marketing and selling the product.
The timing of the entry of a new pharmaceutical product into the market is an important factor in determining that products eventual success. Early market entry has advantages in gaining product acceptance and market share. Our ability to develop products, complete clinical studies and obtain governmental approvals in the past had been hampered by a lack of adequate capital. We are not presently a competitive factor in the interferons market, nor are any of our distributors.
Employees
As of September 7, 2004, we have 64 employees. Of these, 41 are research and development, manufacturing and quality assurance/quality control personnel. The remaining 23 employees are management, regulatory and/or administrative personnel. Our domestic and Scottish-based employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreements. The majority of our Swedish-based employees are members of a Swedish union representing scientific personnel. We have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe our relations with our employees and the Swedish unions to be good.
16
Item 2. Properties
In November 1996, Viragen entered into a ten year lease for 14,800 square feet in Plantation, Florida. This location contains our domestic administrative, international marketing and executive offices. The lease contains an option for up to two additional five-year terms. Current monthly rental on the property, including common area maintenance charges and applicable taxes, is approximately $29,000. Our administrative offices are located at 865 SW 78th Avenue, Suite 100, Plantation, Florida 33324; phone (954) 233-8746.
In November 1996, Viragen (Scotland) executed a five year lease, subsequently modified for additional space, for a newly constructed laboratory and manufacturing facility located in Pentlands Science Park near Edinburgh, Scotland. The facility consists of approximately 17,000 square feet with base monthly rental payments of approximately $32,000 plus common area and maintenance charges. The lease further provides for up to four five year extensions at our option. In October 2001, we exercised our first option to extend the lease through October 2006. In March 2002 and September 2003, we entered into sub-lease agreements, sub-leasing a portion of our space to third parties, with initial terms of one year, thereafter renewable on a monthly basis. The area covered in these sub-lease agreements totals approximately 4,000 square feet generating monthly sub-lease rent of approximately $8,000.
Through ViraNative, we lease approximately 25,500 square feet of laboratory, production and office facilities in Umea, Sweden. This space is covered by two separate leases. The initial term of these leases has expired and these leases were renewed in January 2003 through December 2006 at a total lease cost of approximately $31,000 per month. Our Multiferon product is manufactured in this facility.
ViraNative also owns a 21,500 square foot building in Umea, Sweden, which is currently under renovation. This building was purchased prior to our acquisition of ViraNative to provide expanded production capacity and is intended to eventually house all of ViraNatives research, production and administrative facilities. In September 2003, ViraNative entered into agreements to renovate a portion of this facility at a cost of approximately $1.5 million. These renovations, including related validations, are scheduled for completion in September 2004. This facility carries a 25 year mortgage held by a Swedish bank for approximately $689,000.
We believe our properties are in good condition, well-maintained and generally suitable and adequate to carry on our business. We also believe that we maintain sufficient insurance coverage on all of our real and personal property.
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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In October 1997, Viragen, the companys former president and Cytoferon Corp., a former affiliate of the president, were named as defendants in a civil action brought in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (Walter L. Smith v Cytoferon Corp. et al; Case No: 97-3187-CIV-MARCUS). The plaintiff is a former Viragen stockholder and investor in Cytoferon Corp. The suit alleged the defendants violated federal and state securities laws, federal and state RICO statutes, fraud, conspiracy, breach of fiduciary duties and breach of contract. The plaintiff was seeking an unspecified monetary judgment and the delivery of 441,368 shares of common stock. Viragen filed a motion to dismiss denying the allegations and requesting reimbursement of its costs.
In November 1997, the plaintiff filed a notice of voluntary dismissal with the federal court concurrently notifying Viragen of his intent to refile a complaint in circuit court in the state of Florida. In December 1998, the U.S. District Court awarded us reimbursement of attorneys fees and expenses under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. We recovered $31,000 during fiscal 2000.
In November 1997, the plaintiff filed a complaint in the Circuit Court of the 11th Judicial Circuit for Miami-Dade County, Florida (Case No: 97-25587 CA30) naming the same defendants. The suit alleges breach of contract, fraud, violation of Floridas RICO statute and breach of fiduciary duties. It sought an unspecified monetary judgment and specific performance delivery of 441,368 shares of Viragen common stock. The plaintiff claimed that he was entitled to additional shares of common stock under a consulting agreement. He also claimed that Viragens former president breached his fiduciary duty to Cytoferon Corp. by not achieving sufficient financing for Viragen, which would have entitled Cytoferon Corp. to additional shares. He also claimed misrepresentations in connection with the previous Cytoferon financings.
In March 1998, the Circuit Court granted Viragens motion to dismiss the complaint. Subsequently, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint alleging breach of contract, fraud, violation of Floridas RICO Act and breach of fiduciary duties and seeking an unspecified monetary judgment and specific performance delivery of 441,368 shares of Viragen common stock. In April 1998, Viragen filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs amended complaint which was denied by the court.
In August 2000, counsel for plaintiff indicated that they desired to withdraw as counsel. In January 2001, the Circuit Court ruled in favor of Viragen on all counts related to the Circuit Court Case (No.: 97-25587 CA30). No further claims against Viragen are pending in this matter. In July 2002, the Circuit Court ruled in favor of Mr. Smith and Cytoferon and all counts against these defendants were dismissed. Following this ruling, we filed for recovery of related litigation costs in these matters. The court granted us recovery of fees against both the plaintiff in this matter and his attorneys. In April 2003, we were notified that the plaintiff and their counsel were appealing the award of approximately $210,000 in legal fees. We are currently vigorously pursuing the recovery of these fees
In February 2001, Viragen filed a lawsuit, (Viragen, Inc. v. Walter Larry Smith, W. Richard Leuck, Roland St. Louis, Jr., Esq., Juan C. Martinez, Esq., St. Louis, Guerra, Auslander, P.A. and John Does Nos. 1-10, Case No. 01-3842 CA 01) in a malicious prosecution and conspiracy action against the above mentioned parties in a attempt to recapture the losses incurred by Viragen, Inc. as a result of having to disclose the lawsuit Walter L. Smith v. Gerald Smith, Cytoferon Corp., Viragen, Inc. and John Does Nos. 1-10, Case No. 97-25587 CA (30) (Smith Litigation) as well as the attorneys fees and costs expended by Viragen, Inc. in defending this action. The Smith Litigation wrongfully alleged that Viragen, Inc. engaged in, among other things, fraud and RICO violations during the course of a 1992 stock offering done by Cytoferon, Corp. In the Smith Litigation, the Court granted final summary judgment in favor of Viragen, Inc., specifically finding that there was no evidence connecting Viragen, Inc. in any way to the allegations made against it in the complaint in that action.
Due to the insolvency of the insurance carrier of certain defendants in this case, hearings in this matter have been repeatedly postponed. We continue to vigorously pursue our claims in this matter.
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Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
We held a special meeting of stockholders in Plantation, Florida on June 11, 2004. Shareholders voted:
| 1. | To authorize the possible issuance of more than 19.9% of our common stock in a financing transaction pursuant to which Viragen will receive gross proceeds of $20 million through the sale of its convertible notes and common stock purchase warrants to eight institutional investors; and | |||
| 2. | To authorize amendments to Viragens Certificate of Incorporation to (a) effect a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of Viragens outstanding common stock and (b) change the number of shares of common stock that Viragen is authorized to issue to 100 million. | |||
With a majority (89.87%) of the outstanding shares voting either by proxy or in person, the stockholders approved the proposals with the following votes (as cast in pre-split shares):
| For |
Against |
Abstain |
||||||||||
Proposal 1. |
||||||||||||
Authorize the
possible issuance of
more than 19.9% of
our common stock in a
financing transaction
pursuant to which
Viragen will receive
gross proceeds of $20
million through the
sale of its
convertible notes and
common stock purchase
warrants to eight
institutional
investors |
62,695,939 | 12,775,269 | 1,149,051 | |||||||||
Proposal 2. |
||||||||||||
Authorize amendments
to Viragens
Certificate of
Incorporation to (a)
effect a 1-for-10
reverse stock split
of Viragens
outstanding common
stock and (b) change
the number of shares
of common stock that
Viragen is authorized
to issue |
306,321,528 | 20,800,070 | 1,062,984 | |||||||||
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
Our common stock traded on the over-the-counter bulletin board from June 29, 1999 through April 16, 2000, under the symbol VRGN. Our common stock began trading on the American Stock Exchange on April 17, 2000, under the symbol VRA. The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices as reported on the American Stock Exchange for the periods indicated, as adjusted for Viragens one for ten reverse stock split effective June 15, 2004.
| High |
Low |
|||||||
2003-2004 Period |
||||||||
Fourth Quarter ended 06/30/04 |
$ | 2.20 | $ | 1.25 | ||||
Third Quarter ended 03/31/04 |
3.20 | 2.00 | ||||||
Second Quarter ended 12/31/03 |
2.90 | 2.30 | ||||||
First Quarter ended 09/30/03 |
3.50 | 2.00 | ||||||
2002-2003 Period |
||||||||
Fourth Quarter ended 06/30/03 |
$ | 4.30 | $ | 0.60 | ||||
Third Quarter ended 03/31/03 |
1.40 | 0.60 | ||||||
Second Quarter ended 12/31/02 |
3.20 | 1.30 | ||||||
First Quarter ended 09/30/02 |
6.60 | 1.50 | ||||||
The above quotations represent prices between dealers, and do not include retail mark-ups, markdowns or commissions. These quotations may not necessarily represent actual transactions.
As of September 7, 2004, we had approximately 2,700 stockholders of record. On September 7, 2004, the closing price of the common stock was $1.10 per share.
We have never paid any dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future because:
| | we have experienced losses since inception, | |||
| | we have significant capital requirements in the future, and | |||
| | we presently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. | |||
Future dividend policy will depend on:
| | our earnings, if any, | |||
| | capital requirements, | |||
| | expansion plans, | |||
| | legal or contractual limitations, | |||
| | financial condition, and | |||
| | other relevant factors. | |||
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Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data
The following selected financial data should be read together with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statements of operations data set forth below of Viragen for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2004, 2003 and 2002 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2004 and 2003 have been derived from Viragens audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data set forth below for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2001 and 2000 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2002, 2001 and 2000 have been derived from Viragens audited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| Year Ended June 30, |
||||||||||||||||||||
| 2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||||||||||
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS |
||||||||||||||||||||
Product sales |
$ | 266,137 | $ | 630,785 | $ | 1,275,264 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Interest and other income |
632,378 | 535,428 | 333,130 | 717,567 | 170,512 | |||||||||||||||
Net
loss |
(18,177,164 | ) | (17,348,686 | ) | (11,088,832 | ) | (11,007,809 | ) | (12,310,895 | ) | ||||||||||
Net loss attributable to
common
stock |
(18,179,714 | ) | (17,351,336 | ) | (11,091,482 | ) | (11,010,459 | ) | (12,316,244 | ) | ||||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per
common share* |
(0.55 | ) | (1.21 | ) | (1.10 | ) | (1.16 | ) | (1.57 | ) | ||||||||||
Weighted average common
shares outstanding* |
33,183,832 | 14,393,803 | 10,041,571 | 9,511,691 | 7,845,281 | |||||||||||||||
| At June 30, |
||||||||||||||||||||
| 2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
||||||||||||||||
BALANCE SHEET DATA |
||||||||||||||||||||
Working capital (deficit) |
$ | 25,181,900 | $ | 4,070,504 | $ | (209,519 | ) | $ | 6,178,436 | $ | 7,006,205 | |||||||||
Total assets |
48,219,996 | 27,867,417 | 20,796,604 | 12,820,951 | 14,449,926 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt |
13,563,006 | 2,951,498 | 1,023,948 | 25,488 | 658,106 | |||||||||||||||
Stockholders equity |
29,189,581 | 15,720,208 | 11,470,620 | 10,292,409 | 11,815,925 | |||||||||||||||