UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| [X] |
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 |
or
| [ ] |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number 1-5424
DELTA AIR LINES, INC.
| Delaware | 58-0218548 | |
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| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
| Post Office Box 20706 | ||
| Atlanta, Georgia | 30320-6001 | |
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| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (404) 715-2600
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Name of each exchange on | ||
| Title of each class | which registered | |
| Common Stock, par value $1.50 per share | New York Stock Exchange | |
| Preferred Stock Purchase Rights | New York Stock Exchange | |
| 8 1/8% Notes Due July 1, 2039 | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [X] No [ ]
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2003 was approximately $1.808 billion.
On March 1, 2004, there were outstanding 124,015,705 shares of the registrants common stock.
This document is also available on our website at http://investor.delta.com/edgar.cfm.
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information from the registrants definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 23, 2004.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Forward-Looking Information
| PART I | 1 | |||||
| ITEM 1. | BUSINESS | 1 | ||||
| General Description | 1 | |||||
| Airline Operations | 2 | |||||
| Regulatory Matters | 4 | |||||
| Fares and Rates | 5 | |||||
| Route Authority | 5 | |||||
| Competition | 5 | |||||
| Airport Access | 6 | |||||
| Possible Legislation or DOT Regulation | 7 | |||||
| Worldspan | 7 | |||||
| Orbitz | 7 | |||||
| Fuel | 8 | |||||
| Employee Matters | 9 | |||||
| Environmental Matters | 11 | |||||
| Frequent Flyer Program | 12 | |||||
| Civil Reserve Air Fleet Program | 13 | |||||
| Executive Officers of the Registrant | 13 | |||||
| Risk Factors Relating to the Airline Industry and Delta | 15 | |||||
| ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES | 23 | ||||
| Flight Equipment | 23 | |||||
| Ground Facilities | 25 | |||||
| ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 26 | ||||
| ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS | 29 | ||||
| PART II | 29 | |||||
| ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | 29 | ||||
| ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 30 | ||||
| ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 31 | ||||
| Business Environment | 31 | |||||
| Results of Operations2003 Compared to 2002 | 35 | |||||
| Results of Operations2002 Compared to 2001 | 38 | |||||
| Financial Condition and Liquidity | 41 | |||||
| Financial Position | 45 | |||||
| ITEM 7A | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 54 | ||||
| ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 54 | ||||
| ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | 54 | ||||
| ITEM 9A | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 54 | ||||
| PART III | 55 | |||||
| ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT | 55 | ||||
| ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 55 | ||||
| ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
55 | ||||
| ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS | 55 | ||||
| ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES | 55 | ||||
| PART IV | 56 | |||||
| ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K | 56 | ||||
| Signatures | 57 | |||||
| Exhibit Index | 59 | |||||
| Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules | F-1 | |||||
DELTA AIR LINES, INC.
Forward-Looking Information
Statements in this Form 10-K (or otherwise made by us or on our behalf) which are not historical facts, including statements about our estimates, expectations, beliefs, intentions, projections or strategies for the future, may be forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experience or our present expectations. For examples of such risks and uncertainties, please see the cautionary statements contained in Item 1. BusinessRisk Factors Relating to the Airline Industry and Delta. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this report.
Unless otherwise indicated, the terms Delta, the Company, we, us, and our refer to Delta Air Lines, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General Description
We are a major air carrier that provides scheduled air transportation for passengers and cargo throughout the United States and around the world. As of March 1, 2004, we (including our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Inc. (ASA) and Comair, Inc. (Comair)) served 206 domestic cities in 47 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as 48 cities in 32 countries. With our domestic and international codeshare partners, our route network covers 264 domestic cities in 47 states, and 230 cities in 84 countries. We are managed as a single business unit.
Based on calendar year 2003 data, we are the second-largest airline in terms of passengers carried, and the third-largest airline measured by operating revenues and revenue passenger miles flown. We are a leading U.S. transatlantic airline, serving the largest number of nonstop markets and offering the second-most daily flight departures. Among U.S. airlines, we have the second-most transatlantic passengers.
For the year ended December 31, 2003, passenger revenues accounted for 93% of our consolidated operating revenues, and cargo revenues and other sources accounted for 7% of our consolidated operating revenues. In 2003, our operations in North America, the Atlantic, Latin America and the Pacific accounted for 82%, 13%, 4% and 1%, respectively, of our consolidated operating revenues.
We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta, Georgia (the Atlanta Airport). Our telephone number is (404) 715-2600, and our Internet address is www.delta.com.
General information about us, including our Corporate Governance Principles and the charters for the committees of our Board of Directors, can be found at www.delta.com/inside/investors/corp_info/corp_governance/index.jsp. Our Board of Directors has adopted a code of ethics entitled Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, which applies to all of our employees. Our Board of Directors has also adopted a separate Code of Ethics and Business Conduct for the Board of Directors. We will disclose amendments to and any waivers granted to officers or members of the Board of Directors under these codes promptly on our website. Copies of these codes can also be found at www.delta.com/inside/investors/corp_info/corp_governance/index.jsp. We will provide print copies of the Corporate Governance Principles, the committee charters and the Codes of Ethics and Business Conduct to any shareowner upon written request to Corporate Secretary, Delta Air Lines, Inc., Department 981, P.O. Box 20574, Atlanta, GA 30320-2574.
We make available free of charge on our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information on our website is not incorporated into this Form 10-K or our other securities filings and is not a part of those filings.
See Item 1. BusinessRisk Factors Relating to the Airline Industry and Delta and Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsBusiness Environment for a discussion of trends and factors affecting us and our industry.
Airline Operations
An important characteristic of our route network is our hub airports in Atlanta, Cincinnati, Dallas/Fort Worth and Salt Lake City. Each of these hub operations includes Delta flights that gather and distribute traffic from markets in the geographic region surrounding the hub to other major cities and to other Delta hubs. Our hub and spoke system also provides passengers with access to our principal international gateways in Atlanta and New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). As briefly discussed below, other key characteristics of our route network include our alliances with foreign airlines; the Delta Connection Program; the Delta Shuttle; Song, our low-fare service; and our marketing alliance with Continental Airlines, Inc. (Continental) and Northwest Airlines, Inc. (Northwest).
International Alliances. We have formed bilateral and multilateral marketing alliances with foreign airlines to improve our access to international markets. These arrangements can include codesharing, frequent flyer benefits, shared or reciprocal access to passenger lounges, joint promotions and other marketing agreements.
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Our international codesharing agreements enable us to market and sell seats to an expanded number of international destinations. Under codesharing arrangements, we and the foreign carriers publish our respective airline designator codes on a single flight operation, thereby allowing us and the foreign carrier to offer joint service with one aircraft rather than operating separate services with two aircraft. These arrangements typically allow us to sell seats on the foreign carriers aircraft that are marketed under our DL designator code and permit the foreign airline to sell seats on our aircraft that are marketed under the foreign carriers two-letter designator code. As of March 1, 2004, we have codeshare arrangements in effect with Aerolitoral, Aeromexico, Air France (and certain of Air Frances affiliated carriers operating flights beyond Paris), Air Jamaica, Alitalia, Avianca, British European, China Airlines, China Southern, CSA Czech Airlines, El Al Israel Airlines, Korean Air, Royal Air Maroc and South African Airways.
Delta, Aeromexico, Air France, Alitalia, CSA Czech Airlines and Korean Air are members of the SkyTeam international airline alliance. SkyTeam links the route networks of the member airlines, providing opportunities for increased connecting traffic while offering enhanced customer service through mutual codesharing arrangements, reciprocal frequent flyer and lounge programs and coordinated cargo operations. In 2002, we, our European SkyTeam partners and Korean Air received limited antitrust immunity from the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). The grant of antitrust immunity enables us and our immunized partners to offer a more integrated route network, and develop common sales, marketing and discount programs for customers.
Delta Connection Program. The Delta Connection program is our regional carrier service, which feeds traffic to our route system through contracts with regional air carriers that operate flights serving passengers primarily in small and medium-sized cities. The program enables us to increase the number of flights in certain locations, to better match capacity with demand and to preserve our presence in smaller markets. Our Delta Connection network operates the largest number of regional jets in the United States.
We have contractual arrangements with six regional carriers to operate regional jet and turboprop aircraft using our DL code. ASA and Comair are our wholly-owned subsidiaries, which operate all of their flights under our code. We also have agreements with Atlantic Coast Airlines (ACA), SkyWest Airlines, Inc. (SkyWest), Chautauqua Airlines, Inc. (Chautauqua) and American Eagle Airlines, Inc. (Eagle), which operate some of their flights using our code. For information regarding our agreements with ACA, SkyWest and Chautauqua, see Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our contract with Eagle, which is limited to certain flights operated to and from the Los Angeles International Airport, as well as a portion of our SkyWest agreement, are structured as revenue proration agreements. These prorate arrangements establish a fixed dollar or percentage division of revenues for tickets sold to passengers traveling on connecting flight itineraries.
Delta Shuttle. The Delta Shuttle is our high frequency service targeted to Northeast business travelers. It provides nonstop, hourly service between New York - LaGuardia Airport
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(LaGuardia) (Marine Air Terminal) and both Boston Logan International Airport (Logan) and Washington, D.C. Ronald Reagan National Airport (National).
Song. On April 15, 2003, we introduced a new low-fare operation, Song, that primarily offers flights between cities in the Northeastern United States, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and Florida leisure destinations. As of March 1, 2004, Song offered 144 daily flights using a fleet of 36 Boeing 757 aircraft. Song is intended to assist us in competing more effectively with low-cost carriers in leisure markets through a combination of larger aircraft, high frequency flights, advanced in-flight entertainment technology and innovative product offerings.
Delta-Continental-Northwest Marketing Alliance. We have entered into a marketing alliance with Continental and Northwest which includes mutual codesharing and reciprocal frequent flyer and airport lounge access arrangements. Our marketing relationship with Continental and Northwest is designed to permit the carriers to retain their separate identities and route networks while increasing the number of domestic and international connecting passengers using the three carriers route networks.
Regulatory Matters
The DOT and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) exercise regulatory authority over air transportation in the United States. The DOT has authority to issue certificates of public convenience and necessity required for airlines to provide domestic air transportation. An air carrier that the DOT finds fit to operate is given unrestricted authority to operate domestic air transportation (including the carriage of passengers and cargo). Except for constraints imposed by Essential Air Service regulations, which are applicable to certain small communities, airlines may terminate service to a city without restriction.
The DOT has jurisdiction over certain economic and consumer protection matters such as unfair or deceptive practices or methods of competition, advertising, denied boarding compensation, baggage liability and disabled passenger transportation. The DOT also has authority to review certain joint venture agreements between major carriers. The FAA has primary responsibility for matters relating to air carrier flight operations, including airline operating certificates, control of navigable air space, flight personnel, aircraft certification and maintenance, and other matters affecting air safety.
Authority to operate international routes and international codesharing arrangements are regulated by the DOT and by the foreign governments involved. International route awards are also subject to the approval of the President of the United States for conformance with national defense and foreign policy objectives.
The Transportation Security Administration, which became a division of the Department of Homeland Security on March 1, 2003, is responsible for certain civil aviation security matters, including passenger and baggage screening at U.S. airports.
We are also subject to various other federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations. The Department of Justice (DOJ) has jurisdiction over airline competition matters. The U.S.
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Postal Service has authority over certain aspects of the transportation of mail. Labor relations in the airline industry are generally governed by the Railway Labor Act. Environmental matters are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental entities. Privacy of passenger and employee data is regulated by domestic and foreign laws that are not consistent in all countries in which we operate.
Fares and Rates
Airlines are permitted to set ticket prices in most domestic and international city pairs without governmental regulation, and the industry is characterized by significant price competition. Certain international fares and rates are subject to the jurisdiction of the DOT and the governments of the foreign countries involved. Most of our tickets are sold by travel agents, and fares are subject to commissions, overrides and discounts paid to travel agents, brokers and wholesalers.
Route Authority
Our flight operations are authorized by certificates of public convenience and necessity and, to a limited extent, by exemptions issued by the DOT. The requisite approvals of other governments for international operations are provided by bilateral agreements with, or permits or approvals issued by, foreign countries. Because international air transportation is governed by bilateral or other agreements between the United States and the foreign country or countries involved, changes in United States or foreign government aviation policies could result in the alteration or termination of such agreements, diminish the value of our international route authorities or otherwise affect our international operations. Bilateral agreements between the United States and various foreign countries served by us are subject to renegotiation from time to time.
Certain of our international route and codesharing authorities are subject to periodic renewal requirements. We request extension of these authorities when and as appropriate. While the DOT usually renews temporary authorities on routes where the authorized carrier is providing a reasonable level of service, there is no assurance of this result. Dormant route authority may not be renewed in some cases, especially where another U.S. carrier indicates a willingness to provide service.
Competition
We face significant competition with respect to routes, services and fares. Our domestic routes are subject to competition from both new and existing carriers, some of which have substantially lower costs than we do and provide service at lower fares to destinations served by us. We also compete with all-cargo carriers, charter airlines, regional jet operators and, particularly on our shorter routes, surface transportation.
The continuing growth of low-cost carriers, including Southwest Airlines Co. (Southwest), AirTran Airways, Inc. (AirTran) and JetBlue Airways Corporation (JetBlue), in the United States places significant competitive pressures on us and other network carriers.
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Our ability to compete effectively with low-cost carriers and other airlines depends, in part, on our ability to achieve operating costs per available seat mile (unit costs) that are competitive with those carriers. Our unit costs are significantly higher than those of Southwest, AirTran and JetBlue and have gone from being among the lowest of the hub-and-spoke carriers to among the highest for the full year 2003. If we are not able to realign our cost structure to compete with that of other carriers, or if fare reductions are not offset by higher yields, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.
International marketing alliances formed by domestic and foreign carriers, including the Star Alliance (among United Airlines, Inc. (United), Lufthansa German Airlines and others) and the oneworld alliance (among AMR Corporation (American), British Airways and others), have significantly increased competition in international markets. Through marketing and codesharing arrangements with U.S. carriers, foreign carriers have obtained access to interior U.S. passenger traffic. Similarly, U.S. carriers have increased their ability to sell international transportation such as transatlantic services to and beyond European cities through alliances with international carriers.
We regularly monitor competitive developments in the airline industry and evaluate our strategic alternatives. These strategic alternatives include, among other things, internal growth, codesharing arrangements, marketing alliances, joint ventures, and mergers and acquisitions. Our evaluations involve internal analysis and, where appropriate, discussions with third parties.
Airport Access
Operations at three major U.S. airports and certain foreign airports served by us are regulated by governmental entities through slot allocations. Each slot represents the authorization to land at, or take off from, the particular airport during a specified time period.
In the United States, the FAA currently regulates slot allocations at JFK and LaGuardia in New York and National in Washington, D.C. Our operations at those three airports generally require slot allocations. Under legislation enacted by Congress, slot rules will be phased out at JFK and LaGuardia by 2007.
We currently have sufficient slot authorizations to operate our existing flights, and have generally been able to obtain slots to expand our operations and to change our schedules. There is no assurance, however, that we will be able to obtain slots for these purposes in the future because, among other reasons, slot allocations are subject to changes in governmental policies.
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Possible Legislation or DOT Regulation
A number of Congressional bills and proposed DOT regulations have been considered in recent years to address airline competition issues. Some of these proposals would require large airlines with major operations at certain airports to divest or make available to other airlines slots, gates, facilities and other assets at those airports. Other measures would limit the service or pricing responses of major carriers that appear to target new entrant airlines. In addition, concerns about airport congestion issues have caused the DOT and FAA to consider various proposals for access to certain airports, including congestion-based landing fees and programs that would withdraw slots from existing carriers and reallocate those slots (either by lottery or auction) to the highest bidder or to carriers with little or no current presence at such airports. These proposals, if enacted, could negatively impact our existing services and our ability to respond to competitive actions by other airlines.
Worldspan
In June 2003, we sold our equity interest in WORLDSPAN, L.P., which operates and markets a computer reservation system for the travel industry. For additional information concerning this sale, see Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Orbitz
Orbitz, Inc. (Orbitz) operates an online travel agency that offers travel services to consumers and business customers via the Internet. During December 2003, Orbitz completed its initial public offering and the founding airlines of Orbitz, including us, sold a portion of their Orbitz shares. As of March 1, 2004, we owned approximately 13% of Orbitz. American, Continental, Northwest and United also hold ownership interests in Orbitz. For additional information concerning our sale of a portion of our interest in Orbitz, see Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consumers use online travel agents for making reservations and purchasing airline tickets, hotel rooms, rental cars and travel-related products. The three largest online travel agents in the United States are Expedia, Travelocity and Orbitz. Online travel agents compete with one another, with airline websites, with traditional travel agents and with other travel service providers for travel-related reservations and bookings.
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Fuel
Our results of operations can be significantly impacted by changes in the price and availability of aircraft fuel. The following table shows our aircraft fuel consumption and costs for 2001-2003.
| Percentage of Total | ||||||||||||||||
| Gallons Consumed | Cost (1) | Average Price | Operating | |||||||||||||
| Year | (Millions) | (Millions) | Per Gallon (1) | Expenses | ||||||||||||
2001 |
2,649 | $ | 1,817 | 68.60 | ¢ | 12 | % | |||||||||
2002 |
2,514 | 1,683 | 66.94 | 12 | ||||||||||||
2003 |
2,370 | 1,938 | 81.78 | 14 | ||||||||||||
| (1) | Net of fuel hedge gains under our fuel hedging program. |
Aircraft fuel expense increased 15% in 2003 compared to 2002. Total gallons consumed decreased 6% mainly due to capacity reductions. The average fuel price per gallon rose 22% to 81.78¢ as compared to 2002. Our fuel cost is shown net of fuel hedge gains of $152 million for 2003, $136 million for 2002 and $299 million for 2001. Approximately 65%, 56% and 58% of our aircraft fuel requirements were hedged during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. In February 2004, we settled all of our fuel hedge contracts prior to their scheduled settlement dates. For more information concerning the settlement of our fuel hedge contracts, see Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our aircraft fuel purchase contracts do not provide material protection against price increases or assure the availability of our fuel supplies. We purchase most of our aircraft fuel from petroleum refiners under contracts that establish the price based on various market indices. We also purchase aircraft fuel on the spot market, from off-shore sources and under contracts that permit the refiners to set the price.
To attempt to reduce our exposure to changes in fuel prices, we periodically enter into heating and crude oil derivative contracts. Information regarding our fuel hedging program is set forth under Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsMarket Risks Associated with Financial InstrumentsAircraft Fuel Price Risk and in Notes 3 and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Although we are currently able to obtain adequate supplies of aircraft fuel, it is impossible to predict the future availability or price of aircraft fuel. Political disruptions or wars involving oil-producing countries, changes in government policy concerning aircraft fuel production, transportation or marketing, changes in aircraft fuel production capacity, environmental concerns and other unpredictable events may result in fuel supply shortages and fuel price increases in the future.
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Employee Matters
Railway Labor Act. Our relations with labor unions in the United States are governed by the Railway Labor Act. Under the Railway Labor Act, a labor union seeking to represent an unrepresented craft or class of employees is required to file with the National Mediation Board (NMB) an application alleging a representation dispute, along with authorization cards signed by at least 35% of the employees in that craft or class. The NMB then investigates the dispute and, if it finds the labor union has obtained a sufficient number of authorization cards, conducts an election to determine whether to certify the labor union as the collective bargaining representative of that craft or class. Under the NMBs usual rules, a labor union will be certified as the representative of the employees in a craft or class only if more than 50% of those employees vote for union representation.
Under the Railway Labor Act, a collective bargaining agreement between an airline and a labor union does not expire, but instead becomes amendable as of a stated date. Either party may request the NMB to appoint a federal mediator to participate in the negotiations for a new or amended agreement. If no agreement is reached in mediation, the NMB may determine, at any time, that an impasse exists and offer binding arbitration. If either party rejects binding arbitration, a 30-day cooling off period begins. At the end of this 30-day period, the parties may engage in self help, unless the President of the United States appoints a Presidential Emergency Board (PEB) to investigate and report on the dispute. The appointment of a PEB maintains the status quo for an additional 60 days. If the parties do not reach agreement during this period, the parties may then engage in self help. Self help includes, among other things, a strike by the union or the imposition of proposed changes to the collective bargaining agreement by the airline. Congress and the President have the authority to prevent self help by enacting legislation which, among other things, imposes a settlement on the parties.
Collective Bargaining. At December 31, 2003, we had a total of approximately 70,600 full-time equivalent employees. Approximately 18% of these employees are represented by unions. The following table presents certain information concerning the union representation of our domestic employees.
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| Amendable Date of | ||||||||
| Approximate Number of | Collective Bargaining | |||||||
| Employee Group | Employees Represented | Union | Agreement | |||||
| Delta Pilots | 7,170 | Air Line Pilots Association, International | May 1, 2005 | |||||
| Delta Flight Superintendents | 190 | Professional Airline Flight Control Association | December 31, 2004 | |||||
| ASA Pilots | 1,450 | Air Line Pilots Association, International | September 15, 2002 | |||||
| ASA Flight Attendants | 800 | Association of Flight Attendants | September 26, 2003 | |||||
| ASA Flight Dispatchers | 50 | Professional Airline Flight Control Association | April 18, 2006 | |||||
| Comair Pilots | 1,750 | Air Line Pilots Association, International | May 21, 2006 | |||||
| Comair Maintenance Employees | 440 | International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers | May 31, 2004 | |||||
| Comair Flight Attendants | 980 | International Brotherhood of Teamsters | July 19, 2007 | |||||
ASA is in collective bargaining negotiations with the Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA), which represents ASAs approximately 1,450 pilots and with the Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), which represents ASAs approximately 800 flight attendants. The outcome of these collective bargaining negotiations cannot presently be determined.
Labor unions are engaged in organizing efforts to represent various groups of employees of us, ASA and Comair who are not represented for collective bargaining purposes. The outcome of these organizing efforts cannot presently be determined.
Pilot Furloughs. The collective bargaining agreement with ALPA, the union representing Deltas pilots, generally provides that no pilot on the seniority list as of July 1, 2001 will be furloughed unless the furlough is caused by a circumstance beyond our control, as defined in that agreement. In April 2002, an arbitrator upheld our right to furlough up to 1,400 pilots on the basis that the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the resulting reduction in passenger traffic constituted a circumstance beyond our control as set out in the collective bargaining agreement. The arbitrator retained jurisdiction over this matter to consider any issues that might arise regarding our plans to continue the furloughs, or our obligation to implement reasonable mechanisms for recalling furloughed pilots, if the conditions existing as of September 11, 2001 were ameliorated to an extent that exceeded our original expectations. On February 13, 2003, the arbitrator issued a supplemental opinion, ruling (1) that furloughs will be capped at 1,060, the number of pilots currently furloughed; (2) that we will not have to begin recalling any of the existing furloughed pilots until system traffic exceeds pre-September 11, 2001 levels; and (3) that the recall schedule will be subject to our training capacity. While this ruling will result in the retention of some pilots in excess of our needs, we believe the ruling will not have a material adverse effect on us.
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Environmental Matters
The Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990 (the ANCA) recognizes the rights of operators of airports with noise problems to implement local noise abatement programs so long as such programs do not interfere unreasonably with interstate or foreign commerce or the national air transportation system. It generally provides that local noise restrictions on Stage 3 aircraft first effective after October 1, 1990, require FAA approval. While we have had sufficient scheduling flexibility to accommodate local noise restrictions in the past, our operations could be adversely impacted if locally-imposed regulations become more restrictive or widespread.
On December 1, 2003, the FAA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to adopt the International Civil Aviation Organizations (ICAO) Chapter 4 noise standard, which is known as the Stage 4 standard in the United States. This standard would require that all new commercial jet aircraft designs certified on or after January 1, 2006 be at least ten decibels quieter than the existing Stage 3 noise standard requires. This new standard would not apply to existing aircraft or to the continued production of aircraft types already certified. Comments on the NPRM are due on March 1, 2004. All new aircraft that we have on order will meet the proposed Stage 4 standard. Accordingly, the proposed rule is not expected to have any significant impact on us, and we and the U.S. airline industry are likely to support the adoption of the NPRM.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (the EPA) is authorized to regulate aircraft emissions. Our aircraft comply with the applicable EPA standards. The EPA has issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to adopt the emissions control standards for aircraft engines previously adopted by the ICAO. These standards would apply to newly designed engines certified after December 31, 2003 and would align the U.S. aircraft engine emission standards with existing international standards. The rule, as proposed, is not expected to have a material impact on us.
Air carriers, the EPA, the FAA and local and state regulators are evaluating potential options for emission reductions from airport activities, including aircraft engine emissions reductions and alternative-fueled ground service equipment, but no conclusion or agreement has been reached. Additionally, we have agreed to reduce emissions at certain airports by utilizing alternative-fueled ground service equipment.
In April 2001, Miami-Dade County filed a lawsuit, which is titled Miami-Dade County, Florida v. Advance Cargo Services, Inc., et al., in Florida Circuit Court against 17 defendants, including us, alleging responsibility for past and future environmental cleanup costs and civil penalties for environmental conditions at Miami International Airport. The County also provided notice to over 200 other potentially responsible parties seeking to recover past and future cleanup costs. The County is continuing to investigate and remediate various environmental conditions at the airport. At this time, it is not possible to reasonably estimate our potential exposure in this matter due to a number of issues, including uncertainties regarding the contamination at the airport, the extent of remediation required and the Countys potential recovery from responsible parties. We are vigorously defending the lawsuit.
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We have been identified by the EPA as a potentially responsible party (a PRP) with respect to certain Superfund Sites, and have entered into consent decrees regarding some of these sites. Our alleged disposal volume at each of these sites is small when compared to the total contributions of all PRPs at each site. We are aware of soil and/or ground water contamination present on our current or former leaseholds at several domestic airports. To address this contamination, we have a program in place to investigate and, if appropriate, remediate these sites. Although the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Frequent Flyer Program
We have a frequent flyer program, the SkyMiles® program, offering incentives to increase travel on Delta. This program allows participants to earn mileage for travel awards by flying on Delta, Delta Connection carriers and participating airlines. Mileage credit may also be earned by using certain services offered by program partners such as credit card companies, hotels, car rental agencies, telecommunication services and internet services. In addition, we have programs under which individuals and companies may purchase mileage credits. We reserve the right to terminate the program with six months advance notice, and to change the programs terms and conditions at any time without notice.
Mileage credits can be redeemed for free or upgraded air travel on Delta and participating airline partners, for membership in our Crown Room Club and for other program partner awards. Travel awards are subject to certain transfer restrictions and capacity-controlled seating. In some cases, blackout dates may apply. Miles earned prior to May 1, 1995 do not expire so long as we have a frequent flyer program. Miles earned or purchased on or after May 1, 1995 will not expire as long as, at least once every three years, the participant (1) takes a qualifying flight on Delta or a Delta Connection carrier; (2) earns miles through one of our program partners; or (3) redeems miles for any program award.
We account for our frequent flyer program obligations by recording a liability for the estimated incremental cost of travel awards we expect to be redeemed. The estimated incremental cost associated with a travel award does not include any contribution to overhead or profit. Such incremental cost is based on our system average cost per passenger for fuel, food and other direct passenger costs. We do not record a liability for mileage earned by participants who have not reached the level to become eligible for a free travel award. We believe this is appropriate because the large majority of these participants are not expected to earn a travel award. We do not record a liability for the expected redemption of miles for non-travel awards since the cost of these awards to us is negligible.
We estimated the potential number of round-trip travel awards outstanding under our frequent flyer program to be 14.3 million, 13.7 million and 13.1 million at December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Of these travel awards, we expected that approximately 10.4 million, 10.0 million and 9.6 million, respectively, would be redeemed. At December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, we had recorded a liability for these awards of $229 million, $228 million and $226 million, respectively. The difference between the round-trip awards outstanding and the
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awards expected to be redeemed is the estimate, based on historical data, of awards which will (1) never be redeemed; or (2) be redeemed for something other than award travel.
Frequent flyer program participants flew 2.8 million, 2.8 million and 2.4 million award round-trips on Delta in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. These round-trips accounted for approximately 9%, 9% and 8% of the total passenger miles flown for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We believe that the relatively low percentage of passenger miles flown by SkyMiles members traveling on program awards and the restrictions applied to travel awards minimize the displacement of revenue passengers.
Civil Reserve Air Fleet Program
We participate in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) program, which permits the U.S. military to use the aircraft and crew resources of participating U.S. airlines during airlift emergencies, national emergencies or times of war. We have agreed to make available under the CRAF program, during the period October 1, 2003 through September 30, 2004, up to 100% of our international range aircraft. As of March 1, 2004, the following numbers of our aircraft are available for CRAF activation:
| Number of | ||||||||||||||||
| International | Number of | |||||||||||||||
| Passenger | Aeromedical | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Description of Event | Aircraft | Aircraft | Aircraft | |||||||||||||
| Stage | Leading to Activation | Allocated | Allocated | by Stage | ||||||||||||
| I | Minor Crisis |
5 | Not Applicable | 5 | ||||||||||||
| II | Major Theater Conflict |
10 | 20 | 30 | ||||||||||||
| III | Total National
Mobilization |
23 | 35 | 58 | ||||||||||||
The CRAF program has only been activated twice, both times at the Stage I level, since it was created in 1951.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Certain information concerning our executive officers follows. Unless otherwise indicated, all positions shown are with Delta. There are no family relationships between any of our executive officers. Delta announced on March 12, 2004 that President and Chief Operating Officer Frederick W. Reid will retire from the company effective April 1, 2004.
| Gerald Grinstein | Chief Executive Officer, January 2004 to date. Mr. Grinstein was non-executive Chairman of the Board of Agilent Technologies from August 1999 to November 2002. He served |
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| as non-executive Chairman of our Board of Directors from August 1997 to October 1999. Mr. Grinstein was Chairman of Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation (successor to Burlington Northern Inc.) from September 1995 until his retirement in December 1995; an executive officer of Burlington Northern Inc. and certain affiliated companies from April 1987 through September 1995; and Chief Executive Officer of Western Air Lines, Inc. from 1985 through March 1987. Age 71. | ||
| Leo F. Mullin | Chairman of the Board, January 2004 to date; Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, January 2000 to December 2003; Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, October 1999 to January 2000; President and Chief Executive Officer, August 1997 to October 1999. Mr. Mullin was Vice Chairman of Unicom Corporation and its principal subsidiary, Commonwealth Edison Company, from 1995 to August 1997. He was an executive of First Chicago Corporation from 1981 to 1995, serving as that companys President and Chief Operating Officer from 1993 to 1995. Age 61. | |
| Frederick W. Reid | President and Chief Operating Officer, May 2001 to date; Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer, July 1998 to May 2001. Mr. Reid was an executive of Lufthansa German Airlines from 1991 to June 1998, serving as President and Chief Operating Officer from April 1997 to June 1998, as Executive Vice President from 1996 to March 1997, and as Senior Vice President, The Americas, from 1991 to 1996. Age 53. | |
| M. Michele Burns | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, August 2000 to date; Senior Vice President Finance and Treasurer, February 2000 to August 2000; Vice President - - Finance and Treasurer, September 1999 to February 2000; Vice President Corporate Tax, January 1999 to September 1999. Ms. Burns was a partner at Arthur Andersen LLP from 1991 to January 1999. Age 46. | |
| Robert L. Colman | Executive Vice President Human Resources, October 1998 to date. Mr. Colman was an executive of General Electric Corporation from October 1993 to October 1998, serving as Vice President Human Resources for General Electric Aircraft Engines Business. Age 58. |
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| Vicki B. Escarra | Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer, May 2001 to date; Executive Vice President Customer Service, July 1998 to May 2001; Senior Vice President - Airport Customer Service, November 1996 through June 1998; Vice President Airport Customer Service, August 1996 through October 1996; Vice President Reservation Sales and Distribution Planning, May 1996 through July 1996; Vice President Reservation Sales, November 1994 to May 1996. Age 51. |
Risk Factors Relating to the Airline Industry and Delta
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the airline industry has experienced fundamental and lasting changes, including substantial revenue declines and cost increases, which have resulted in industry-wide liquidity issues. The terrorist attacks significantly reduced the demand for air travel, and additional terrorist activity involving the airline industry could have an equal or greater impact. Additionally, during 2003, the industrys financial results were negatively impacted by the military action in Iraq and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak. Although global economic conditions have improved from their depressed levels after September 11, 2001, the airline industry has continued to experience a reduction in high-yield business travel and increased price sensitivity in customers purchasing behavior. The airline industry has continued to add or restore capacity despite these conditions. We expect all of these events will continue to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
Since September 11, 2001, several air carriers have sought to reorganize under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, including United, the second-largest U.S. air carrier, U.S. Airways Group, Inc. (U.S. Airways), the seventh-largest U.S. air carrier, and several smaller competitors. Since filing for Chapter 11 on August 11, 2002, U.S. Airways has emerged from bankruptcy, but has recently announced that it is seeking additional cost concessions from its unions. Additionally, American has recently restructured certain labor costs and lowered its operating cost base. These reorganizations or restructurings have enabled these competitors to significantly lower their operating costs. Our unit costs have gone from being among the lowest of the hub and spoke carriers to among the highest for the full year 2003.
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We face significant competition with respect to routes, services and fares. Our domestic routes are subject to competition from both new and established carriers, some of which have substantially lower costs than we do and provide service at lower fares to destinations served by us. Our revenues continue to be adversely impacted by the growth of the low-cost carriers with which we compete in most of our markets. Significant expansion by low-cost carriers to our hub airports could have an adverse impact on our business. We also face increasing competition in smaller to medium-sized markets from rapidly expanding regional jet operators. In addition, we compete with foreign carriers, both on interior U.S. routes, due to marketing and codesharing arrangements, and in international markets. If we are not able to realign our cost structure to compete with that of other carriers, or if fare reductions are not offset by higher yields, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.
We reported a net loss of $773 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, or $6.40 basic and diluted loss per common share, compared to a net loss of $1.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2002, or $10.44 basic and diluted loss per common share. We have recorded a substantial net loss for three consecutive years. Our revenue and cost challenges are expected to continue for the immediate term, and we expect to report a net loss of approximately $400 million for the March 2004 quarter. We do not expect significant improvement in the revenue environment in 2004 and expect significant cost pressures related to aircraft fuel, pension and interest expenses to continue.
Although we are pursuing profit improvement initiatives aimed at lowering our costs and enhancing our revenues, these initiatives may not be sufficient. Furthermore, our pilot labor costs are substantially higher than our competitors pilot labor costs. Although we are currently in discussions with ALPA in an attempt to reduce our pilot labor costs, we cannot predict the outcome of those discussions. To the extent that we deplete our cash reserves and are unable to access the capital markets for long-term capital spending requirements or short-term liquidity needs, we will be unable to fund our obligations and sustain our operations.
Our business is highly dependent on our ability to access the capital markets. Our access to, and our costs of borrowing in, these markets depend on our credit ratings. Since September 11, 2001, our issuer credit ratings have been lowered to B3 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys), to B+ by Standard & Poors Rating Services (S&P) and to B by Fitch Ratings (Fitch). Our senior unsecured long-term debt is rated Caa2 by Moodys, B- by S&P and B by Fitch. S&P and Fitch have each stated that their ratings outlook for our senior unsecured debt is negative, while Moodys has stated that its ratings outlook is stable. Our credit ratings may be lowered further or withdrawn. While we do not have debt obligations that accelerate as a result of
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a credit ratings downgrade, our credit ratings have negatively impacted our ability to issue unsecured debt, renew outstanding letters of credit that back certain of our obligations and obtain certain financial instruments that we use in our fuel hedging program. Our credit ratings have also increased the cost of our financing transactions and the amount of collateral required for certain financial instruments, insurance coverage and vendor agreements. To the extent we are unable to access the capital markets, or our financing costs continue to increase, including as a result of further credit ratings downgrades, our business, financial condition and operating results would be materially adversely impacted.
We sponsor qualified defined benefit pension plans for eligible employees and retirees. Our funding obligations under these plans are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). We have met our required funding obligations in 2003 for these plans, which currently satisfy minimum funding requirements under ERISA.
Estimates of the amount and timing of our future funding obligations for the pension plans are based on various assumptions. These include assumptions concerning, among other things, the actual and projected market performance of the pension plan assets; 30-year U.S. treasury bond yields; statutory requirements; and demographic data for pension plan participants. The amount and timing of our future funding obligations also depend on whether we elect to make contributions to the pension plans in excess of those required under ERISA; such voluntary contributions may reduce or defer the funding obligations we would have absent those contributions.
Our estimated pension funding of approximately $440 million for 2004 includes (1) a voluntary contribution of $325 million to our non-pilot pension plan, the majority of which we made in February 2004; and (2) required contributions totaling approximately $115 million which we will make to our pilot pension plan during the year. Our anticipated funding obligations under our pension plans for 2005 and thereafter cannot be reasonably estimated at this time because these estimates vary materially depending on the assumptions used to determine them and whether we make contributions in excess of those required. Nevertheless, we presently expect that our funding obligations under our pension plans in each of the years from 2005 through 2008 will be significant and could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.
We have now and will continue to have a significant amount of indebtedness and other obligations. As of December 31, 2003, we had approximately $12.6 billion of total consolidated indebtedness, including capital leases. We also have minimum rental commitments with a present value of approximately $8 billion under noncancelable operating leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year. Our substantial indebtedness and other obligations could negatively impact our operations in the future. For example, it could:
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| | limit our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and general corporate purposes; | ||
| | require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the payment of principal of, and interest on, our indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available to us for other purposes; | ||
| | make us more vulnerable to economic downturns, adverse industry conditions or catastrophic external events, limit our ability to withstand competitive pressures and reduce our flexibility in planning for, or responding to, changing business and economic conditions; and | ||
| | place us at a competitive disadvantage to our competitors that have relatively less debt than we have. |
We have significant debt obligations maturing in the near term (approximately $1.0 billion in 2004 and $1.2 billion in 2005, as adjusted for certain refinancings of regional jet aircraft subsequent to December 31, 2003), as well as substantial pension funding obligations. We expect to meet our obligations as they come due through available cash and cash equivalents, investments, internally generated funds and borrowings. We do not have any existing undrawn lines of credit. However, we have available to us long-term secured financing commitments that we may use only to finance a substantial portion of regional jet aircraft delivered to us through 2004. While we believe that new financing will be available to us, access to such financing cannot be assured given the existing business environment and the composition of our currently available unencumbered assets. Most of our owned aircraft are encumbered and those that are not are less attractive to lenders because they are not eligible for mortgage financing under Section 1110 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, are older aircraft types and/or are aircraft types which are no longer manufactured. Failure to obtain new financing could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.
Our business is heavily dependent on our operations at the Atlanta Airport and at our other hub airports in Cincinnati, Dallas/Fort Worth and Salt Lake City. Each of these hub operations includes flights that gather and distribute traffic from markets in the geographic region surrounding the hub to oth