UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 |
OR
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
| For the transition period from to |
Commission file number: 000-32833
WRIGHT MEDICAL GROUP, INC.
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
13-4088127 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
|
| 5677 Airline Road, Arlington, Tennessee (Address of principal executive offices) |
38002 (Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (901) 867-9971
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $.01 per share
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). x Yes No o
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $346,927,311.
As of February 16, 2004, there were 33,044,326 shares of common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The information required by Part III is incorporated by reference from portions of the definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days after December 31, 2003, pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 13, 2004.
WRIGHT MEDICAL GROUP, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
Table of Contents
| Page | ||||||||
| Part I | ||||||||
| Item 1. | Business |
1 | ||||||
| Item 2. | Properties |
15 | ||||||
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings |
15 | ||||||
| Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
16 | ||||||
| Part II | ||||||||
| Item 5. | Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 17 | ||||||
| Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
18 | ||||||
| Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
20 | ||||||
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
42 | ||||||
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
43 | ||||||
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
72 | ||||||
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures |
72 | ||||||
| Part III | ||||||||
| Item 10. | Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant |
72 | ||||||
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation |
72 | ||||||
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters |
72 | ||||||
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions |
72 | ||||||
| Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
73 | ||||||
| Part IV | ||||||||
| Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K |
73 | ||||||
| Signatures | 76 | |||||||
Safe-Harbor Statement
This annual report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements made in this annual report, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect managements current knowledge, assumptions, beliefs, estimates, and expectations and express managements current views of future performance, results, and trends. We wish to caution readers that actual results might differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the factors discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (including those described in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Factors Affecting Future Operating Results and elsewhere in this annual report), which could cause our actual results to materially differ from those described in the forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the forward-looking statements are accurate, there can be no assurance that any forward-looking statement will prove to be accurate. A forward-looking statement should not be regarded as a representation by us that the results described therein will be achieved. We wish to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this annual report. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement after this date.
PART I
Item 1. Business.
Overview
Wright Medical Group, Inc. (Wright), through Wright Medical Technology, Inc. and other operating subsidiaries, is a global orthopaedic medical device company specializing in the design, manufacture and marketing of reconstructive joint devices and biologics products. Reconstructive joint devices are used to replace knee, hip and other joints that have deteriorated through disease or injury. Biologics are used to replace damaged or diseased bone, to stimulate bone growth, and to provide other biological solutions for surgeons and their patients. Within these markets, we focus on the higher-growth sectors of advanced knee implants, bone-conserving hip implants, revision replacement implants and extremity implants, as well as on the integration of our biologics products into reconstructive joint procedures and other orthopaedic applications. For our year ended December 31, 2003, we had net sales of $248.9 million and net income of $17.4 million.
History
Wright was incorporated on November 23, 1999, as a Delaware corporation (previously named Wright Acquisition Holdings, Inc.) and had no operations until an investment group led by Warburg, Pincus Equity Partners, L.P. (Warburg) acquired majority ownership of our predecessor, Wright Medical Technology, Inc. (the Predecessor Company) on December 7, 1999. This transaction, which represented a recapitalization of the Predecessor Company and the inception of Wright in its present form, reduced our debt and provided investment capital, thus allowing us to build on the Predecessor Companys respected brand name and strong relationships with orthopaedic surgeons developed during their fifty year history.
On December 22, 1999, we acquired Cremascoli Ortho Holding, S.A. (Cremascoli), based in Toulon, France, and shortly thereafter, a new management team was put in place. This acquisition extended our product offerings, enhanced our product development capabilities, and expanded our European presence. As a result of combining Cremascolis strength in hip reconstruction with the Predecessor Companys historical expertise in knee reconstruction and biologics, we offer a broad range of reconstructive joint devices and biologics to orthopaedic surgeons in over 50 countries.
On July 18, 2001, we completed our initial public offering (IPO) of 7,500,000 shares of voting common stock at a public offering price of $12.50 per share. The net proceeds of $84.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, were used to repay debt.
On March 6, 2002, along with certain selling stockholders, we completed a secondary offering of 6,900,000 shares, including the over-allotment option of 900,000 shares, of voting common stock at $15.40 per share. Of the 6,900,000 shares, we offered 3,450,000 shares in the secondary offering. The net proceeds of $49.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, were invested in short-term, investment-grade securities.
Orthopaedic Industry
The worldwide orthopaedic industry was estimated to be approximately $14 billion in 2003, and we believe it will grow by approximately 7-9% annually over the next three to four years. Six multinational companies currently dominate the orthopaedic industry, each with approximately $1 billion or more in annual sales. The size of these companies often leads them to concentrate their marketing and research and development efforts on products that they believe will have a relatively high minimum threshold level of sales. As a result, there is an opportunity for a mid-sized orthopaedic company, such as Wright, to focus on smaller higher-growth sectors of the orthopaedic market, while still offering a comprehensive product line to address the needs of its customers.
Orthopaedic devices are commonly divided into several primary sectors corresponding to the major subspecialties within the orthopaedic field: reconstruction, trauma, arthroscopy, spine and biologics. We specialize in reconstructive joint devices and biologics products.
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Reconstructive Joint Device Market
Most reconstructive devices are used to replace or repair joints that have deteriorated as a result of disease or injury. Despite the availability of non-surgical treatment alternatives such as oral medications, injections and joint fluid supplementation of the knee, severe cases of disease or injury often require reconstructive joint surgery. Reconstructive joint surgery involves the modification of the bone area surrounding the affected joint and the insertion of one or more manufactured components, and may also involve the use of bone cement.
The reconstructive joint market is generally divided into the areas of knees, hips and extremities. The reconstructive joint market is estimated at $6.2 billion worldwide, with hip reconstruction and knee reconstruction representing two of the largest sectors.
Knee Reconstruction. The knee joint involves the surfaces of three distinct bones: the lower end of the femur, the upper end of the tibia or shin bone, and the patella or kneecap. Cartilage on any of these surfaces can be damaged due to disease or injury, leading to pain and inflammation requiring knee reconstruction. Knee reconstruction was the largest sector of the reconstructive joint market in 2003, with sales of approximately $3.2 billion worldwide.
Major trends in knee reconstruction include the use of alternative, better performing surface materials to extend the implants life and increase conservation of the patients bone to minimize surgical trauma and accelerate recovery. Another significant trend in the knee industry is the use of more technologically advanced knees, called advanced kinematic knees, which more closely resemble natural joint movement. Additionally, we believe that minimally invasive knee procedures, such as those for unicompartmental repair, which replaces only one femoral condyle, are becoming more widely accepted.
Hip Reconstruction. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint which enables the wide range of motion that the hip joint performs in daily life. The hip joint is most commonly replaced due to degeneration of the cartilage between the head of the femur (the ball) and the acetabulum or hollow portion of the pelvis (the socket). This degeneration causes pain, stiffness and a reduction in hip mobility. Hip reconstruction was an approximately $3.1 billion market worldwide in 2003.
Similar to the knee market, major trends in hip replacement procedures and implants are to extend implant life and to preserve bone stock for possible future procedures. New products have been developed that incorporate bearing surfaces other than the traditional polyethylene surface. Polyethylene surfaces may create wear debris that can lead to potential loosening of the implant. These alternative bearing surfaces include metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-ceramic combinations, which exhibit improved wear characteristics and lead to longer implant life. In February 2003, we became one of only two companies cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration, (the FDA), to market ceramic-on-ceramic hip systems in the United States (U.S.). Since then, one additional smaller competitor has entered the U.S. marketplace. In addition to advances in bearing surfaces, implants that preserve more natural bone have been developed in order to minimize surgical trauma and recovery time for patients. These implants, known as bone-conserving implants, leave more of the hip bone intact, which is beneficial given the likelihood of future revision replacement procedures as the average patients lifetime increases. Bone-conserving procedures are intended to enable patients to delay their first total hip procedure and may significantly increase the time from the first procedure to the time when a revision replacement implant is required.
Extremity Reconstruction. Extremity reconstruction involves implant of devices to replace or reconstruct injured or diseased joints. Reconstruction of the extremities consists of implants for joints such as the finger, toe, wrist, elbow, foot, ankle and shoulder. The extremity reconstruction market was approximately $170 million worldwide in 2003. Major trends in extremity reconstruction include separately designed implant stems for press-fit and cemented applications and a variety of geometries to more closely accommodate each patients unique anatomy.
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Biologics Market
The biologics market is one of the fastest growing sectors of the orthopaedic market. These materials use both biological tissue-based and synthetic materials to regenerate damaged or diseased bone and to repair damaged tissue. The biologics sector includes products such as tissue-based bone grafts and bone graft substitute materials. These products stimulate the bodys natural regenerative capabilities to minimize or delay the need for invasive implant surgery, replace damaged or diseased bone, and provide other biological solutions for surgeons and their patients. These materials are used in spinal fusions, trauma fractures, joint replacements, and cranio-maxillofacial procedures. Currently, there are three main types of biological bone grafting products: osteoconductive, osteoinductive and combined osteoconductive/osteoinductive. These types refer to the way in which the materials affect bone growth. Osteoconductive materials serve as a scaffold that supports the formation of bone but does not trigger new bone growth, whereas osteoinductive materials induce bone growth. Other biologic products enable the repair of tissue. These products provide favorable microenvironments for quick revascularization and cell proliferation. The biologics market was approximately $425 million worldwide in 2003.
We believe there is an increasing acceptance of bone graft substitute materials for use in spinal fusions, trauma fractures, joint replacements, cranio-maxillofacial procedures and other orthopaedic applications.
Government Regulation
United States
Numerous governmental authorities, principally the FDA, and corresponding state and foreign regulatory agencies, strictly regulate our products and research and development activities. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDC Act, the regulations promulgated under this act, and other federal and state statutes and regulations, govern, among other things, the pre-clinical and clinical testing, design, manufacture, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, advertising and promotion of medical devices.
Generally, before we can market a new medical device, marketing clearance must be obtained through a premarket notification under Section 510(k) of the FDC Act or approval of a premarket approval, or PMA, application. The FDA typically grants a 510(k) clearance if the applicant can establish that the device is substantially equivalent to a predicate device. It generally takes three months from the date of a 510(k) submission to obtain clearance, but it may take longer, particularly if a clinical trial is required. The FDA may find that a 510(k) is not appropriate or that substantial equivalence has not been shown and, as a result, will require a PMA application.
A PMA application must be submitted if a proposed device does not qualify for a 510(k) premarket clearance procedure. PMA applications must be supported by valid scientific evidence to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the device, typically including the results of clinical trials, bench tests and laboratory and animal studies. The PMA application must also contain a complete description of the device and its components, and a detailed description of the methods, facilities and controls used to manufacture the device. In addition, the submission must include the proposed labeling and any training materials. The PMA application process can be expensive, uncertain and lengthy, require detailed and comprehensive data and generally take significantly longer than the 510(k) process. Additionally, the FDA may never approve the PMA application. Toward the end of the PMA application review process, the FDA generally will conduct an inspection of the manufacturers facilities to ensure compliance with applicable quality system regulation requirements, which include quality control testing, control documentation and other quality assurance procedures.
If human clinical trials of a device are required, either for a 510(k) submission or a PMA application, and the device presents a significant risk, the sponsor of the trial, usually the manufacturer or the distributor of the device, must file an investigational device exemption, or an IDE, application prior to commencing human clinical trials. The IDE application must be supported by data, typically including the results of animal and/or laboratory testing. If the IDE application is approved by the FDA and one or more institutional review boards, or IRBs, human clinical trials may begin at a specific number of investigational sites with a specific number of patients, as approved by the FDA. If the device presents a nonsignificant risk to the patient, a sponsor may begin the clinical trial after obtaining approval for the study by one or more IRBs without separate approval from the FDA. Submission of an IDE does not give
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assurance that the FDA will approve the IDE and, if it is approved, there can be no assurance the FDA will determine that the data derived from the studies support the safety and efficacy of the device or warrant the continuation of clinical trials. An IDE supplement must be submitted to and approved by the FDA before a sponsor or investigator may make a change to the investigational plan that may affect its scientific soundness, study indication or the rights, safety or welfare of human subjects. The study must also comply with the FDAs IDE regulations and informed consent must be obtained from each subject. If the FDA believes we are not in compliance with the law, it can institute proceedings to detain or seize products, issue a recall, enjoin future violations and seek civil and criminal penalties against us and our officers and employees. If we fail to comply with these regulatory requirements, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
Most of our products are approved through the 510(k) premarket notification process. We have conducted clinical trials to support many of our regulatory approvals. Regulations regarding the manufacture and sale of our products are subject to change. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that these changes might have on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, the FDA has statutory authority to regulate allograft-based products, processing and materials. The FDA has been working to establish a more comprehensive regulatory framework for allograft-based products, which are principally derived from cadaveric tissue. The framework developed by the FDA establishes criteria for determining whether a particular human tissue-based product will be classified as human tissue, a medical device or biologic drug requiring premarket clearance or approval. All tissue-based products are subject to extensive FDA regulation, including a requirement that ensures that diseases are not transmitted to tissue recipients. The FDA has also proposed extensive additional regulations that would govern the processing and distribution of all allograft products. Consent to use the donors tissue must also be obtained. If a tissue-based product is considered tissue, it does not require FDA clearance or approval before being marketed. If it is considered a device, or a biologic drug, then FDA clearance or approval may be required.
On April 11, 2001, the FDA sent us a warning letter stating that the FDA believed that ALLOMATRIX® Injectable Putty was a medical device subject to premarket clearance. In March 2002, the FDA officially notified us that it concluded that ALLOMATRIX® Injectable Putty should be reviewed and regulated under the medical device premarket notification provisions of the FDC Act. Also, in March 2002, the FDA notified all other known manufacturers of similar products of requirements for bringing such products into compliance with the FDC Act. The FDA indicated that it would exercise enforcement discretion for a reasonable period of time while companies bring their devices into compliance with the FDC Act. In response to the FDA determination, we promptly filed a premarket notification for ALLOMATRIX® Injectable Putty under Section 510(k) of the FDC Act. On April 24, 2002, the FDA notified us that the submission of our premarket notification for ALLOMATRIX® Injectable Putty was an adequate response to the warning letter and that the FDA considered the issues raised in the April 11, 2001 letter closed. Our premarket notification submission is still pending with the FDA. Our ALLOMATRIX® line of products continue to be marketed and sold pending the approval of the premarket notification submission. The FDA has not raised any objection to the continued marketing and sale of our ALLOMATRIX® line of products pending the approval of the premarket notification submission. There can be no assurance that the 510(k) premarket notification will be cleared by the FDA in a timely manner or at all. The FDA could decide not to continue to exercise its enforcement discretion and decide to take enforcement action which could include, but not be limited to, seizing product inventory, obtaining a court injunction against further marketing of the product, or assessing civil money penalties. However, we believe that such punitive actions by the FDA against us are unlikely. Additionally, until such time that our initial 510(k) is approved, we are unable to market any new ALLOMATRIX® product offerings.
In addition to granting approvals for our products, the FDA and international regulatory authorities periodically inspect us for compliance with the host of regulatory requirements that apply to medical devices marketed in the U.S. and internationally. These requirements include labeling regulations, manufacturing regulations, quality system regulations, regulations governing unapproved or off-label uses, and medical device regulations. Medical device regulations require a manufacturer to report to the FDA serious adverse events or certain types of malfunctions involving its products. The FDA periodically inspects device and drug manufacturing facilities in the U.S. in order to assure compliance with applicable quality system regulations. The FDA last inspected our Arlington, Tennessee manufacturing facility in November 2003, and our Toulon, France manufacturing facility in October 2003. We were found to be in compliance with the FDA quality system regulations.
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We believe our manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and France comply in all material respects with FDA requirements. We have also implemented comprehensive procedures to ensure compliance with the FDA quality system regulations with a focus on comprehensive product design controls.
International
We obtain required regulatory approvals and comply with extensive regulations governing product safety, quality, manufacturing and reimbursement processes in order to market our products in all major foreign markets. These regulations vary significantly from country to country and with respect to the nature of the particular medical device. The time required to obtain these foreign approvals to market our products may be longer or shorter than that required in the U.S., and requirements for such approval may differ from FDA requirements.
All of our products sold internationally are subject to certain foreign regulatory approvals. In order to market our product devices in the member countries of the European Union, we are required to comply with the medical devices directive and obtain CE mark certification. CE mark certification is an international symbol of adherence to quality assurance standards and compliance with applicable European medical device directives. Under the medical devices directive, all medical devices including active implants must qualify for CE marking. We also comply with all other foreign regulations such as MHLW (Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare) approval in Japan, HPB (Health Protection Branch) approval in Canada, and TGA (Therapeutic Goods Administration) approval in Australia as a few examples.
Our products are manufactured in ISO 9001 and EN 46001 compliant facilities.
Products
We operate as one reportable segment, offering products in four primary market sectors: knee reconstruction, hip reconstruction, extremity reconstruction, and biologics.
Knee Reconstruction
Our knee reconstruction product portfolio strategically positions us well in the areas of total knee reconstruction, revision replacement implants, and limb preservation products. These products provide the surgeon with a continuum of treatment options for improving patient care. We differentiate our products through innovative design features that reproduce movement and stability resulting in products that more closely resemble a healthy knee. Additionally, we provide a broad array of surgical instrumentation to accommodate surgeon preference.
The ADVANCE® Knee System is our most recent primary knee product line offering. There are several innovative product offerings within the ADVANCE® Knee System product line, one of which is the ADVANCE® Medial Pivot Knee. The understanding of knee movement and function has advanced significantly over the past several years, and we believe the ADVANCE® Medial Pivot Knee is the first knee to be mass marketed that takes full advantage of the strides made in understanding the knee joint. The ADVANCE® Medial Pivot Knee is designed to approximate the movement and function of a healthy knee by using a unique spherical medial feature. Overall, we believe the ADVANCE® Medial Pivot Knee more closely approximates natural knee motion, improves clinical performance and provides excellent range of motion.
The ADVANCE® Unicompartmental Knee System is an innovative system of implants and instruments that allows for single compartment replacement with a minimally invasive surgical approach. This system is designed to reach the market for a unicompartmental knee that addresses injury or disease confined to the single compartment in the knee joint. We believe the simplified instrumentation utilized by the ADVANCE® Unicompartmental Knee System is a significant improvement over the instrumentation designs utilized in other unicompartmental knee systems on the market today.
Our REPIPHYSIS® Technology allows for non-invasive expansion of any long bone where lengthening is needed. This technology, which we exclusively license, can be incorporated into a prosthetic implant and subsequently adjusted non-invasively when lengthening of the implant is needed. The most common application of this breakthrough technology is in the field of pediatric oncology, where growing children can have the bones
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attached to their hip or knee implant lengthened non-invasively, thus eliminating the need for more frequent surgeries and anesthesia.
Hip Reconstruction
We offer a comprehensive line of products for hip joint reconstruction. This product portfolio provides offerings in the areas of bone-conserving implants, total hip reconstruction, revision replacement implants, and limb preservation. Additionally, our hip products offer a combination of unique, innovative modular designs, a complete portfolio of surface bearing materials, including polyethylene, ceramic and metal components, and innovative technology in surface replacement implants. We are therefore able to offer surgeons and their patients a full compliment of treatment options.
The CONSERVE® family of products provides a conservative restoration, or bone conserving, alternative to conventional total hip reconstruction, and we believe it is becoming the treatment of choice for avascular necrosis, or AVN, of the femoral head. AVN is a disease which causes bone to deteriorate and die. It is estimated that approximately 10% of total hip replacement procedures performed annually are initially diagnosed as related to AVN. People who suffer from AVN are usually younger than the typical hip replacement patient and need a solution that is less aggressive than conventional total hip replacement. With the CONSERVE® Resurfacing Implant, only the surface of the femoral head is replaced and the rest of the hip remains untouched. The CONSERVE® Resurfacing Implants conservative restoration provides a better solution for the patient by leaving maximum bone for future surgical procedures, if needed. Our CONSERVE® Plus Resurfacing Implant is available outside the U.S. and is pending FDA clearance for the U.S. market. With CONSERVE® Plus, the surface of the patients femoral head and the acetabular surface are replaced with minimal bone loss in a minimally invasive procedure. The CONSERVE® Total Implant with BFH (Big Femoral Head) Technology addresses the problem of the post-operative dislocation by providing femoral head articulation in sizes ranging from 36mm up to 56mm in diameter in 2mm increments. Wide range of sizes allows close matching of the patients natural femoral head, and this, in turn, leads to the improved kinematics and higher resistance to dislocation. In addition, the system addresses the long-term wear problem by eliminating traditional polyethylene bearings and utilizing metal-on-metal articulation instead.
The LINEAGE® Acetabular System provides the surgeon with the option to interchangeably use either ceramic, metal or polyethylene acetabular bearing surfaces for use with a common metal acetabular shell, thus offering maximum flexibility to the surgeon while minimizing inventory levels. The standard for replacement of the acetabulum, or socket, in the hip joint is a two-piece system consisting of a metal shell with a polyethylene liner. The polyethylene component serves as a bearing surface for the head of the femoral component, or ball. Alternative hard bearing materials, such as metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-ceramic have been introduced in recent years. These options, ceramic-on-ceramic in particular, significantly reduce wear debris from articulation and therefore provide an optimum solution to young and active patients.
The PERFECTA® Hip System is the basic platform for our traditional hip stem product line. This system provides a full range of fixation options including press fit and cemented versions, and offers a wide selection of geometries in order to meet the needs of the patients anatomical requirements as well as the surgeons preferences. This product allows surgeons the flexibility to match the implant to each patients unique requirements. The PERFECTA® Hip System has over ten years of clinical success worldwide, and we continue to build upon the existing platform, as illustrated by the introduction of the PERFECTA® Slim Neck in 2001. This product has a modified femoral neck that provides for a greater range of motion and less potential for dislocation after being implanted.
The GUARDIAN® Limb Salvage System offers options for patients with significant bone loss due to cancer, trauma, or previous surgical procedures. This modular system, with the array of options in a multitude of sizes, and complete inter-changeability, provides the surgeon with the ability to meet a variety of patient needs. The GUARDIAN® Proximal Tibial Implant was developed for the patients with the significant bone loss in the tibial bone. The GUARDIAN® Revision Hinge Implant, another of the products offered within the system, was developed for use in revision surgeries where both bone loss and ligament deficiencies are present. The GUARDIAN® Total Femur is used in rare cases where the entire femur must be replaced.
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The PROFEMUR® Modular Hip System addresses the market for modularity in revision replacement hip implant procedures. Our PROFEMUR® R product, designed in Europe, is a revision replacement implant with a patented modular femoral neck component, which allows the surgeon to make final adjustments to the implant as the last step in the procedure in order to accommodate each patients unique anatomy. The PROFEMUR® system was expanded with additional implant choices and new instrumentation when introduced in the U.S.
The PROFEMUR® Z Modular Hip system was introduced in the U.S. in the fourth quarter of 2002. This system utilizes the European philosophy of primary stem fixation and features patented modular interchangeable necks for ultimate hip joint balancing.
The ANCA-FIT Hip System, a traditional hip replacement system designed in Europe, has received clinical acceptance in Europe for eight years. The ANCA-FIT Hip System includes the femoral stem family of components as well as the acetabular shell family. The stem is a non-cemented, anatomical stem with HA, or hydroxylapatite, coating. It features the patented modular interchangeable neck option found in other modular stems such as the PROFEMUR® Modular Hip System. The shell is a titanium porous coated shell, designed to accept either ceramic or polyethylene liners.
Biologics
We offer an expanding number of biologics products that are used to replace damaged or diseased bone, to stimulate bone growth, and to provide other biological solutions for surgeons and their patients. These products focus on biological musculoskeletal repair, including synthetic and human tissue-based materials. We were the first company to receive FDA market clearance for the use of resorbable synthetic bone graft substitutes for the spine, currently the largest application for this product.
Our OSTEOSET® bone graft substitute is a synthetic bone graft substitute made of surgical grade calcium sulfate. Our OSTEOSET® bone graft substitute provides an attractive alternative to autograft because it facilitates bone regeneration without requiring a painful, secondary, bone harvesting procedure. Additionally, being purely synthetic, OSTEOSET® pellets are cleared for use in infected sites, an advantage over tissue based material. The human body resorbs the OSTEOSET® material at a rate close to the rate that new bone grows. We also offer surgeons the option of custom-molding their own beads in the operating room using the OSTEOSET® Resorbable Bead Kit, which is available in mixable powder form. Our surgical grade calcium sulfate is manufactured using proprietary processes that consistently produce a high quality product.
ALLOMATRIX® Injectable Putty combines a high content of demineralized bone matrix, or DBM, with our proprietary surgical grade calcium sulfate carrier. The combination provides an injectable putty with the osteoinductive properties of DBM and exceptional handling qualities. This product has been well received by surgeons. Another combination we offer is ALLOMATRIX® C bone graft putty, which includes the addition of cancellous bone granules. The addition of the bone granules increases the stiffness of the material, improves handling characteristics, increases osteoconductivity scaffold, and provides more structural support. In 2001, we introduced ALLOMATRIX® Custom bone graft putty, which allows the surgeon to customize the amount of bone granules to add to the putty based on its surgical application. Most recently, we introduced ALLOMATRIX® DR Graft, which is ALLOMATRIX® putty that has been optimized for application in smaller fractures due to its smaller particle size of cancellous bone granules for optimized packing and the application-specific volume in which it is marketed.
MIIG® 115 Minimally Invasive Injectable Graft is an injectable form of our surgical grade calcium sulfate paste that hardens in the body. The 115 in the products name refers to the speed of the product application, which takes only one minute to mix, one minute to inject and five minutes to harden. This product combines the operative flexibility of an injectable substance with the clinically proven osteoconductive properties of OSTEOSET® material. This product is ideally suited for use in non-loaded traumatic fractures such as the distal radius and tibial plateau.
MIIG® X3 High Strength Injectable Graft is a recent addition to the family of MIIG® products for the minimally invasive treatment of bony defects. It is a newly formulated, injectable calcium sulfate that hardens after placement, provides intraoperative support, and resorbs over time as it is replaced by new bone. Compared to the MIIG® 115
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graft, the principle advantages of the MIIG® X3 graft is that it has a 2.6 times greater compressive strength, easier injectability, and a longer working time. MIIG® X3 graft has several competitive advantages over other injectable calcium phosphate products on the market, including the ability of MIIG® X3 graft to be drilled or tapped for the placement of final hardware. Additionally, it poses less risks of extravasation (i.e., leakage), and is more quickly replaced by bone.
MIIG® X3 HiVisc graft is an advanced formulation of MIIG® X3 graft specially designed for management of complex compression fractures. The modified viscosity and extended working time of MIIG® X3 HiVisc graft reduces potential for extravasation of material into joint spaces and provides greater operative flexibility to the surgeon.
IGNITE® ICS Injectable Cellular Scaffold is a bone repair stimulus that combines calcium sulfate, DBM and autologous bone marrow aspirate, or BMA, for the treatment of problem fractures and delayed non-unions. This combination of materials provides the surgeon and patient with all three critical elements that a bone graft material can offer: an osteoconductive scaffold with both osteoinductive and osteogenic capacity through the use of DBM and BMA, respectively. The IGNITE® ICS kit also provides specially-designed instrumentation both to procure BMA and to prepare the fracture site for the grafting procedure using minimally-invasive techniques.
GRAFTJACKET® Regenerative Tissue Matrix is an onlay for repair or replacement of periosteum. This product provides a favorable microenvironment for bone repair by providing an environment for rapid revascularization, preventing scar tissue invasion into the bone graft area, and creating a protected environment for healing. In addition to bone repair, GRAFTJACKET® Regenerative Tissue Matrix is also useful in soft tissue applications, specifically rotator cuff and tendon repair.
GRAFTJACKET® matrix for ulcer repair is designed to repair challenging diabetic ulcers of the foot, the primary cause of hospital admissions for all diabetics. More than two-thirds of the amputations administered each year are performed on diabetics, often because of difficulties associated with diabetic foot ulcers. GRAFTJACKET® matrix for ulcer repair appears to be the first chronic wound graft to demonstrate the ability to repair deep foot wounds, which have a much higher risk of leading to amputation. When coupled with proper surgical technique and post operative follow-up, successful repair with GRAFTJACKET® matrix for ulcer repair is achieved within twelve weeks based on clinical study results. The ulcer repair matrix integrates with the patients own living soft tissue, thus speeding up new tissue growth and treatment time. Unlike other tissue engineered substitutes, GRAFTJACKET® matrix for ulcer repair generally requires only one application to treat the foot ulcer, reducing the time and cost associated with recovery.
Our biologics offerings in international markets include OSTEOSET® T medicated pellets, OSTEOSET® pellets containing DBM, and ALLOMATRIX® Injectable Putty. OSTEOSET® T medicated pellets, which contain tobramycin sulfate, are currently one of the very few resorbable bone void fillers available on the international market for the treatment of osteomyelitis, an acute or chronic infection of the bone.
CELLPLEX TCP Synthetic Cancellous Bone represents a new platform of bone graft substitutes. It is an osteoconductive, resorbable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) provided in granular form. It has been engineered with a highly porous, interconnected structure to facilitate the ingrowth of new bone throughout the implant. Compared to other commercially available TCP products, its benefits include a superior compressive strength and physical characteristics that more closely resemble that of cancellous bone. It is an excellent carrier of bone marrow aspirate with a demonstrated cellular affinity for mesenchymal stem cells. It is packaged in the INFILTRATE Marrow Infusion Chamber to provide surgeons a simple option for combining bone marrow aspirate with the CELLPLEX TCP thereby adding an osteogenic component to the graft.
In March 2003, we completed the acquisition of certain assets from Gliatech Inc. (Gliatech) for $8.4 million in cash and a royalty contingent on future product sales. These assets consist primarily of the ADCON® Gel technology assets needed to produce and commercialize ADCON®-L Gel and ADCON®-T/N Gel anti-adhesion barrier gel products. The ADCON® Gel products are designed to reduce adhesion formation following lumbar spine (ADCON®-L Gel) and peripheral tendon/nerve procedures (ADCON®-T/N Gel), which cause post-operative pain.
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Both ADCON®-L Gel and ADCON®-T/N Gel are commercially available internationally, but are currently not available for sale in the U.S. ADCON®-L Gel had previously received regulatory clearance with the FDA in mid-1998. In December 2000, the FDA determined that the provisions of the FDA Application Integrity Policy, or AIP, would be applied to Gliatech due to violations of Good Clinical Practices in the conduct, analysis, and reporting of data specific to the U.S. Clinical Study of ADCON®-L Gel. In early 2003, the FDA lifted the AIP status of Gliatech, which subsequently allowed us, as the new owner of the technology, to present the FDA with the clinical data intended to support the return of ADCON®-L Gel to the U.S. market. The third and final module of our PMA application related to ADCON®-L Gel was submitted to the FDA in December 2003. We are currently awaiting the FDAs review and response to that submission. We will be required to conduct a separate clinical study to enter the U.S. market with ADCON®-T/N Gel.
Extremity Reconstruction
We offer extremity products for the hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder, foot and ankle in a number of markets worldwide. Our small joint orthopaedic implants have many years of successful clinical history. We believe we are one of the recognized leaders in finger and toe implants. The Swanson Hinge Finger has been used by surgeons for over 30 years.
The ORTHOSPHERE® Carpometacarpal Implant for the repair of the basal thumb joint is constructed from implant-grade ceramic, which reduces wear and increases biocompatibility compared to other implant materials. By providing an alternative to the harvesting of the patients own soft tissues as a spacer for the repaired joint, the ORTHOSPHERE® Carpometacarpal Implant thereby reduces morbidity and operating time. We believe this product represents a significant improvement over conventional techniques.
The OLYMPIA® Total Shoulder System is a comprehensive system that offers the surgeon many choices in terms of fixation and implant stability. This system offers two fixation options, including press-fit stems for cementless applications and stems that are optimized for cemented applications. Most systems now available do not offer this level of versatility and surgeons must adjust their surgical technique to fit the available products. An additional advantage of this system is that the humeral head is modular and asymmetric, allowing the surgeon to adjust joint tension as the final step of the surgical process.
Also addressing the market for modularity is our EVOLVE® Modular Radial Head device. The EVOLVE® Modular Radial Head device provides 150 different combinations of heads and stems allowing the surgeon to choose implant heads and stems that accommodate the patients anatomy. The range of stem sizes permits minimal bone removal from the radial neck, thereby preserving bone stock. The stem design allows for rotational motion at the implant/bone interface and radiocapitellar articulation, potentially reducing capitellar wear. Additionally, the EVOLVE® Modular Radial Head device is easier to insert compared to the single piece implants, when assembled in the patient.
The LOCON-T® Distal Radius Plating System provides surgeons with an anatomically designed, stainless steel plating system used in the repair of radial fractures. In designing the LOCON-T® Distal Radius Plating System, we utilized thin, high-strength stainless steel with low profile screws in order to lessen tendon irritation and/or rupture, which are complications known to result from this type of surgical repair. Thus, we believe this product offers distinct advantages over other currently marketed systems.
Our system of foot and ankle implants provide the components needed for performing various repair procedures. These products include various screws and staples that meet a wide array of surgical challenges in the foot. During 2003, the HALLU® - Fix MTP Fusion System was introduced to treat trauma or arthritis of the MTP joint. These products are the result of our exclusive North American distribution agreement with a French company that has developed an extensive line of products for foot and ankle procedures. These new instruments and implants have contributed to the continued expansion of our position in the extremity market.
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Product Development
Our research and development staff focuses on developing new products in the knee, hip, extremity reconstruction and biologics material markets, and expanding the current product offerings and the markets in which they are offered. Realizing that new product offerings are a key to future success, we are committed to a strong research and development program. Research and development expenses totaled $16.2 million, $10.4 million and $10.1 million in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We are presently targeting an overall level of research and development spending in the range of approximately 7% of net sales for 2004 and future years.
In the knee, hip and extremity reconstruction areas, our research and development activities focus on expanding the continuum of products that span the life of implant patients, from early intervention, such as bone-conserving implants, to primary implants, revision replacement implants, and limb preservation implants. In the biologics area, we have a variety of research and development projects that are designed to further expand our presence in this rapidly growing market. Such projects include developing materials for new biologics applications as well as leveraging the use of biologic coatings to enhance fixation and performance in traditional orthopaedic implants.
New products, procedures and techniques introduced across all product lines since 2001 include, but are not limited to, the ADVANCE® Unicompartmental Knee System, REPIPHYSIS® Technology, the LINEAGE® Acetabular System (including ceramic-on-ceramic components), the GUARDIAN® Revision Hinge System, the PROFEMUR® Modular Hip System (including PROFEMUR® R, PROFEMUR® E, and PROFEMUR® Z), the OYLMPIA® Total Shoulder System, the LOCON-T® Distal Radius Plating System, OSTEOSET® bone graft substitute derivative products, extensions of the ALLOMATRIX® bone graft putty line of products (including ALLOMATRIX® C, ALLOMATRIX® Custom, and ALLOMATRIX® DR Graft), MIIG® 115 Minimally Invasive Injectable Graft, MIIG® X3 High Strength Injectable Graft, IGNITE® ICS scaffold, the GRAFTJACKET® Regenerative Tissue Matrix, the GRAFTJACKET® matrix for ulcer repair, the CELLPLEX TCP Synthetic Cancellous Bone, the LPT® Great Toe Implant, the CONSERVE® Total Hip System, the HALLU® - Fix MTP Fusion System, and the MIIG® X3 HiVisc graft.
We have established several surgeon advisory panels that provide advice on market trends and assist with the development and clinical testing of our products. We believe these surgeon advisors are prominent in the field of orthopaedics. We also partner periodically with other industry participants, particularly in the biologics area, to develop new products.
Sales and Marketing
Our sales and marketing staff targets orthopaedic surgeons, who typically are the decision-makers in orthopaedic device purchases. We have established several surgeon advisory panels comprised of surgeons who we believe are leaders in their chosen orthopaedic specialties. We involve both these surgeons and our marketing personnel in all stages of bringing a product to market from initial product development to product launch. As a result, we have a well-educated, highly involved marketing staff and an established, global base of well-respected surgeons, who serve as advocates to promote our products in the orthopaedic community.
We offer clinical symposia and seminars, publish advertisements and the results of clinical studies in industry publications, and offer surgeon-to-surgeon education on our new products using the surgeon advisors in an instructional capacity. Additionally, approximately 16,000 practicing orthopaedic surgeons in the U.S. receive information on our latest products through our distribution network and brochure mailings.
Our acquisition of Cremascoli provided an opportunity to cross-sell the Predecessor Companys products and legacy Cremascoli products in Europe, North America, Japan and certain other international markets. Because each market may have different product preferences, we believe that by utilizing our global sales and marketing teams understanding of surgeon preferences in their local markets, we can effectively modify and cross-sell existing products throughout the worldwide markets in which we compete.
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Our business is seasonal in nature. Historically, demand for our products has been the highest in the first and fourth quarters. We traditionally experience lower sales volumes in the third quarter months than throughout the rest of the year as a result of the European holiday schedule during the summer months.
In addition to the seasonality of our net sales, our first quarter selling, general and administrative expenses include additional expenses that we incur in connection with the annual meeting held by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. This meeting, which is the largest orthopaedic meeting in the world, features the presentation of scientific papers and instructional courses for orthopaedic surgeons. During this 3-day event, we display our most recent and innovative products for these surgeons.
We sell our products in the U.S. through a sales force of approximately 300 people at December 31, 2003. This sales force primarily consists of independent, commission-based sales representatives and distributors engaged principally in the business of supplying orthopaedic products to hospitals in their geographic areas. The aforementioned U.S. field sales force is supported by our Tennessee-based sales and marketing organization. A Senior Vice President of Sales & Marketing, a Vice President of U.S. Sales, a National Sales Manager, and four regional directors manage our domestic sales organization.
Our products are marketed internationally through a combination of direct sales offices in certain key international markets and distributors in other markets. We have sales offices in France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Japan, Canada, and Germany that employ direct sales employees and use independent sales representatives to sell our products into their respective markets. Our products are sold into other countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and Australia using stocking distribution partners and other distribution arrangements. Stocking distributors purchase products directly from us for resale to their local customers, with product ownership generally passing to the distributor upon shipment. As of December 31, 2003, we, through a combination of our aforementioned direct sales offices and approximately 45 stocking distribution partners, had approximately 300 sales representatives that sell in over 50 countries. Our international sales and marketing organization is led by a President of International and several sales and marketing Vice-Presidents and senior directors. Some of these employees are based at our U.S. headquarters while others are based at the European headquarters or other international locations.
Our new sales representatives receive formal product training. Additionally, we encourage each sales representative to attend periodic sales and product training updates.
Detailed information on our net sales and long-lived assets by geographic area can be found in Note 16 to the financial statements contained in Item 8 of this report.
Manufacturing and Supply
We operate manufacturing facilities in both Arlington, Tennessee and Toulon, France. These facilities primarily produce orthopaedic implants and some of the related surgical instrumentation used to prepare the bone surfaces and cavities during the surgical procedure. The majority of our surgical instrumentation is produced to our specifications by qualified subcontractors who serve medical device companies.
During the past year, we have continued to modernize both production facilities through changes to the physical appearance and layout, and additions of new production and quality control equipment to meet the evolving needs of our product specifications and designs. In seeking to optimize our manufacturing operations, we have adopted many sophisticated manufacturing practices, such as lean manufacturing and Six Sigma quality programs, which are designed to lower lead times, minimize waste and reduce inventory. We have a wide breadth of manufacturing capabilities at both facilities, including skilled and semi-skilled manufacturing personnel.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers for the components used in our products. Our reconstructive joint devices are produced from various surgical grades of titanium, cobalt chrome and stainless steel, various grades of high-density polyethylenes, silicone elastomer and ceramics. We rely on one supplier for the silicone elastomer used in our extremity products. We are aware of only two suppliers of silicone elastomer to the medical device industry for permanent implant usage. Additionally, we rely on one supplier of ceramics for use in our hip products. In addition to reconstructive joint devices, for our biologics products, we depend heavily on a limited number of sources of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and cancellous bone matrix (CBM). Two not-for-profit tissue banks supplied
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us with all of the DBM/CBM that we used in 2003 in our allograft products. Further, we rely on one supplier for our GRAFTJACKET® family of soft tissue repair and graft containment products, as well as one supplier for our ADCON® Gel family of products.
We maintain a comprehensive quality assurance and quality control program, which includes documentation of all material specifications, operating procedures, equipment maintenance and quality control methods. Our U.S. and European based quality systems are based on and in compliance with the requirements of ISO 9001/EN 46001 and the applicable regulations imposed by the FDA on medical device manufacturers. We are accredited by the American Association of Tissue Banks, and we are an FDA registered Tissue Bank. The FDA may audit our facilities at any time.
We believe that our manufacturing facilities have adequate room for current production requirements, however, in order to meet the needs of anticipated growth, these facilities may be expanded in the near future.
Competition
Competition in the orthopaedic device industry is intense and is characterized by extensive research efforts and rapid technological progress. Competitors include major companies in both the orthopaedic and biologics industries, as well as academic institutions and other public and private research organizations that continue to conduct research, seek patent protection and establish arrangements for commercializing products in this market that will compete with our products.
The primary competitive factors facing us include: price, quality, innovative design and technical capability, breadth of product line, scale of operations and distribution capabilities. Current and future competitors in this market may have greater resources, more widely accepted and innovative products, less-invasive therapies, greater technical capabilities, and stronger name recognition than we do. Our ability to compete is affected by our ability to:
| | develop new products and innovative technologies; | ||
| | obtain regulatory clearance and compliance for our products; | ||
| | manufacture and sell our products cost-effectively; | ||
| | protect the proprietary technology of our products and manufacturing process; | ||
| | market our products; | ||
| | attract and retain skilled employees and sales representatives; and | ||
| | maintain and establish distribution relationships. |
Intellectual Property
We currently own or have licenses to more than 100 patents and pending patent applications throughout the world. We seek to aggressively protect technology, inventions and improvements that are considered important through the use of patents and trade secrets in the U.S. and significant foreign markets. We manufacture and market the products both under patents and license agreements with other parties.
Our knowledge and experience, creative product development, marketing staff, and trade secret information with respect to manufacturing processes, materials and product design, are as important as our patents in maintaining our proprietary product lines. As a condition of employment, we require all employees to execute a confidentiality agreement with us relating to proprietary information and patent rights.
There can be no assurances that our patents will provide competitive advantages for our products, or that competitors will not challenge or circumvent these rights. In addition, there can be no assurances that the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or PTO, will issue any of our pending patent applications. The PTO may also deny or require significant narrowing of claims in our pending patent applications, and patents issuing from the pending patent applications. Any patents issuing from the pending patent applications may not provide us with
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significant commercial protection. We could incur substantial costs in proceedings before the PTO, including interference proceedings. These proceedings could result in adverse decisions as to the priority of our inventions. Additionally, the laws of some of the countries in which our products are or may be sold may not protect our products and intellectual property to the same extent as the laws in the U.S., or at all.
While we do not believe that any of our products infringe any valid claims of patents or other proprietary rights held by third parties, there can be no assurances that we do not infringe any patents or other proprietary rights held by third parties. If our products were found to infringe any proprietary right of a third party, we could be required to pay significant damages or license fees to the third party or cease production, marketing and distribution of those products. Litigation may also be necessary to enforce patent rights we hold or to protect trade secrets or techniques we own. We are currently involved in an intellectual property lawsuit with Howmedica Osteonics Corp., a subsidiary of Stryker Corporation. See Item 3 of this Form 10-K for further details.
We also rely on trade secrets and other unpatented proprietary technology. There can be no assurances that we can meaningfully protect our rights in our unpatented proprietary technology or that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary products or processes or otherwise gain access to our proprietary technology. We seek to protect our trade secrets and proprietary know-how, in part, with confidentiality agreements with employees and consultants. There can be no assurances, however, that the agreements will not be breached, that adequate remedies for any breach would be available, or that competitors will not discover or independently develop our trade secrets.
Third-Party Reimbursement
In the U.S., as well as in foreign countries, government-funded or private insurance programs, commonly known as third-party payors, pay a significant portion of the cost of a patients medical expenses. A uniform policy of reimbursement does not exist among all of these payors relative to payment of claims or enforcement of guidelines established by The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Therefore, reimbursement can be quite different from payor to payor as well as one region of the country to another. We believe that reimbursement is an important factor in the success of any medical device. Consequently, we seek to obtain reimbursement for all of our products.
Reimbursement in the U.S. depends on our ability to obtain FDA clearances and approvals to market our products. Reimbursement also depends on our ability to demonstrate the short-term and long-term clinical and cost-effectiveness of our products from the results obtained from our clinical experience and formal clinical trials. We present these results at major scientific and medical meetings and publish them in respected, peer-reviewed medical journals.
All U.S. and foreign third-party reimbursement programs, whether government funded or insured commercially, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling health care costs through prospective reimbursement and capitation programs, group purchasing, redesign of benefits, second opinions required prior to major surgery, careful review of bills, encouragement of healthier lifestyles and exploration of more cost-effective methods of delivering health care. These types of programs can potentially limit the amount which health care providers may be willing to pay for medical devices.
CMS, formerly known as the Healthcare Financing Administration, or HCFA, has adopted prospective payment systems with respect to U.S. government funded patients for services performed in hospital settings and all approved procedures performed in ambulatory surgery centers. These prospective payment systems reimburse hospitals according to a system of groupings that classify patients into clinically cohesive groups based on similar diagnosis and consumption of hospital resources. The payment rate for each grouping is established by CMS based on the national average cost associated with each category of treatment. The prospective payment is intended to reimburse the facility for all costs associated with the patients care, including all medical devices.
The majority of non-government funded payors have adopted payment systems based on the prospective payment methodology established by CMS. In some cases, however, particularly within the outpatient surgery center setting, providers continue to issue payments based on each component of the patients care. In these situations, facilities
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charge payors separately for any medical devices used during treatment. Reimbursement is typically based on the cost of the device plus a small administrative fee.
If adequate levels of reimbursement from third-party payors outside of the U.S. are not obtained, international sales of our products may decline. Outside of the U.S., reimbursement systems vary significantly by country. Many foreign markets have government-managed health care systems that govern reimbursement for new devices and procedures. Canada, and some European and Asian countries, in particular France, Taiwan, and Korea, have tightened reimbursement rates. Additionally, some foreign reimbursement systems provide for limited payments in a given period and therefore result in extended payment periods.
Employees
As of December 31, 2003, on a global basis, we employed directly and through our subsidiaries 845 people in the following areas: 359 in manufacturing, 265 in sales and marketing, 137 in administration and 84 in research and development. We do not have any active organized labor unions. We believe we have an excellent relationship with our employees.
Environmental
Our operations and properties are subject to extensive foreign, federal, state and local environmental protection and health and safety laws and regulations. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, the generation, storage, handling, use and transportation of hazardous materials and the handling and disposal of hazardous waste generated at our facilities. Under such laws and regulations, we are required to obtain permits from governmental authorities for some of our operations. If we violate or fail to comply with these laws, regulations or permits, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. Under some environmental laws and regulations, we could also be held responsible for all of the costs relating to any contamination at our past or present facilities and at third party waste disposal sites.
We believe our costs of complying with current and future environmental laws, and our liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposure to, hazardous substances will not materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition, although there can be no assurances that they will not.
In 1999, groundwater contamination was detected at our Arlington, Tennessee facility. We have taken steps to investigate the nature and extent of the contamination. We believe the contamination was caused by the former owner of the business, Dow Corning Corporation (DCC). We have requested indemnification from DCC in accordance with the 1993 asset purchase agreement by which we purchased certain assets from DCC. Although DCC is involved in bankruptcy proceedings, under the debtors proposed plan of reorganization, environmental claims are not included in the bankruptcy. DCC may have factual and legal defenses to the claim and there can be no assurances that it will not prevail. Furthermore, there can be no assurances that DCC will have the capacity to pay the claim even if we should prevail on the claim. We submitted a remediation plan to state environmental authorities. The State of Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation entered a Remediation Order based on the proposed remediation plan. The remediation plan consists primarily of ongoing groundwater monitoring. We believe that the cost of addressing the contamination, without regard to indemnification from the former owner of the business, will not materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition although there can be no assurances that it will not. At December 31, 2003, approximately $176,000 was recorded within accrued expenses, which we believe is sufficient for any further expenses we may incur related to this matter.
Available Information
Our website is located at www.wmt.com. We make available free of charge through this website all of our Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports are electronically filed with the SEC.
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Item 2. Properties.
Our U.S. corporate headquarters include warehouse, administrative, and manufacturing facilities located in three buildings on 31 acres in Arlington, Tennessee. In early 2004, we completed an expansion of our administrative facility, increasing the total size of our facilities to an aggregate of 184,500 square feet. We believe that our manufacturing facilities have adequate room for current production requirements, however, in order to meet the needs of anticipated growth, these facilities may be expanded in the near future.
The majority of our products are manufactured in our 74,000 square foot manufacturing facility located in Arlington, Tennessee. This facility is leased from the Industrial Development Board of the Town of Arlington. The lease has an automatic renewal through 2049. We may exercise a nominal purchase option at any time. Our administrative and warehouse facilities are also leased from the Industrial Development Board of the City of Arlington. While we own the addition to the administrative facility, the original building is under a lease that expires on July 8, 2005. We may exercise a $101,000 purchase option on that building at any time. We may exercise a nominal purchase option at any time on the warehouse facility lease. It is an open-ended lease with no predetermined expiration date.
Our international operations include warehouse, research, administrative and manufacturing facilities located in several countries. Our primary international manufacturing facility and warehouse are located in leased facilities in Toulon, France. Our primary international research and development facility is located in leased facilities in Milan, Italy. In addition, our sales offices in France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Japan, and Canada lease office and/or warehouse space.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we are subject to lawsuits and claims which arise out of our operations in the normal course of business. We are the plaintiff or defendant in various litigation matters in the ordinary course of business, some of which involve claims for damages that are substantial in amount. We believe that the disposition of claims currently pending, including the matter discussed below, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
Howmedica Osteonics Corp. v. Wright Medical Technology, Inc.
On March 28, 2000, Howmedica Osteonics Corp., a subsidiary of Stryker Corporation, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging that we infringed Howmedicas U.S. Patent No. 5,824,100 related to our ADVANCE® Knee product line. Howmedica Osteonics Corp. is seeking an order of infringement, unspecified damages and injunctive relief. If Howmedica Osteonics Corp. were to succeed in obtaining the relief it claims, the court could award damages to Howmedica Osteonics Corp., could impose an injunction against further sales of our products and could rule that our patents are invalid or unenforceable. We are unable to quantify the potential range of any damage award and no specific monetary damage was requested in Howmedica Osteonics Corp.s complaint. A damage award could be significant. If a final damage award is rendered against us, we may be forced to raise or borrow funds, as a supplement to any available insurance claim proceeds, to pay the damages award. We believe that we have good defenses to this lawsuit and we intend to defend the lawsuit vigorously.
CERAbio, LLC and Phillips Plastics Corporation v. Wright Medical Technology, Inc.
In July 2002, pursuant to a purchase and royalty agreement with CERAbio LLC (CERAbio), we purchased assets consisting primarily of completed technology for $3.0 million, and recorded this entire amount as an intangible asset. Of this purchase price, $1.5 million was paid upon signing the purchase agreement. The remaining $1.5 million is provided for in accrued expenses and is due once certain conditions under the agreement are satisfied. The agreement also provides for specified future royalties contingent upon sales of products related to the acquired technology. We, believing that the contractual obligations for payment had not been met, disputed whether the second payment and royalties had been earned. In 2003, CERAbio and Phillips Plastics Corporation filed a lawsuit in United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin against us for payment of the additional $1.5
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million purchase price and the royalties earned to date. In November 2003, a jury returned a verdict in favor of CERAbio and ordered us to pay the remaining purchase price and the royalties earned to date. The royalties earned to date have been recorded within Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. We have appealed the verdict to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit and the appeal is pending. We intend to vigorously defend our position in this case and, in the opinion of management, do not believe that this claim will have a material adverse affect on our financial position or results of operations.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
None.
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PART II
| Item 5. | Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. |
On July 18, 2001, we completed our initial public offering, and issued 7,500,000 shares of voting common stock at $12.50 per share, which produced net proceeds of $84.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses. We used the net proceeds of our initial public offering to repay debt. Simultaneous with the closing of the offering, all of our outstanding mandatorily redeemable, convertible preferred stock, plus accrued dividends, was converted into 19,602,799 shares of common stock. Also in connection with the offering, Warburg converted approximately $13.1 million of our senior subordinated notes into 1,125,000 shares of non-voting common stock.
On March 6, 2002, we, along with certain selling stockholders, completed a secondary offering of 6,900,000 shares, including the over-allotment option of 900,000 shares, of voting common stock at $15.40 per share. Of the 6,900,000 shares, we offered 3,450,000 shares in the secondary offering. The net proceeds generated of $49.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, have been invested in short-term, investment-grade securities. Following the closing of the secondary offering, Warburg converted all of its shares of non-voting common stock into shares of voting common stock. Consequently, there are no outstanding shares of non-voting common stock.
Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol WMGI. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing sales prices per share of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market.
| High | Low | ||||||||
Fiscal Year 2002 |
|||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 20.09 | $ | 15.42 | |||||
Second Quarter |
$ | 22.90 | $ | 18.84 | |||||
Third Quarter |
$ | 21.82 | $ | 15.15 | |||||
Fourth Quarter |
$ | 22.94 | $ | 16.05 | |||||
Fiscal Year 2003 |
|||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 17.70 | $ | 14.03 | |||||
Second Quarter |
$ | 21.12 | $ | 16.41 | |||||
Third Quarter |
$ | 26.20 | $ | 19.43 | |||||
Fourth Quarter |
$ | 30.40 | $ | 24.75 | |||||
As of February 10, 2004, there were 155 stockholders of record and an estimated 3,611 beneficial stockholders. We have not had any recent sales of unregistered securities or purchases of equity securities.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business. We do not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any payment of cash dividends on our common stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board. In addition, our current credit facility prohibits us from paying any cash dividends without the lenders consent.
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following table sets forth certain selected consolidated financial data of Wright Medical Group, Inc. (the Company) and Wright Medical Technology, Inc., (the Predecessor Company), for the periods indicated. The selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and for the years then ended, was derived from our consolidated financial statements audited by KPMG LLP. The selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, and for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, the period from January 1, 1999 to December 7, 1999, and the period from December 8, 1999 to December 31, 1999 was derived from our and the Predecessor Companys consolidated financial statements audited by Arthur Andersen LLP. The audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and for the years then ended, are included elsewhere in this filing. The audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 and for the year ended December 31, 2000, the period from January 1, 1999 to December 7, 1999, and the period from December 8, 1999 to December 31, 1999 are not included in this filing. Historical and pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period.
| Consolidated Wright Medical Group, Inc. | Predecessor Company | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period from | Period from | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | Year Ended | December 8 to | January 1 to | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 7, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| In thousands, except per share data | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1999 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data: |
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Net sales |
$ | 248,932 | $ | 200,873 | $ | 172,921 | $ | 157,552 | $ | 7,976 | $ | 101,194 | |||||||||||||||
Cost of sales(1) |
67,815 | 55,616 | 51,351 | 80,370 | 4,997 | 44,862 | |||||||||||||||||||||