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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transaction period
from to . |
Commission file number: 000-28440
Endologix, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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68-0328265 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
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(IRS Employer
Identification No.) |
13900 Alton Parkway, Suite 122, Irvine, California
92618
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip
code)
Registrants telephone number, including area code:
(949) 595-7200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act: Common Stock, $.001 par value.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:(1) has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by a check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is an
accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes þ No o
As of June 30, 2004, the aggregate market value of the
voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was
approximately $113,405,503 (based upon the closing price for
shares of the Registrants Common Stock as reported by the
NASDAQ National Market for June 30, 2004, the last trading
date of our second fiscal quarter).
On March 7, 2005, approximately 31,904,746 shares of
the Registrants Common Stock, $.001 par value, were
outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of Part III of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K are incorporated by reference into the
Registrants Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held on May 24, 2005.
ENDOLOGIX, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON
FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. You can
identify forward-looking statements generally by the use of
forward-looking terminology such as believes,
expects, may, will,
intends, plans, should,
could, seeks, pro forma,
anticipates, estimates,
continues, or other variations thereof, including
their use in the negative, or by discussions of strategies,
opportunities, plans or intentions. In addition, any statements
that refer to projections of our future financial performance,
trends in our businesses, or other characterizations of future
events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. We have
based these forward-looking statements largely on our current
expectations and projections about future events and trends
affecting the financial condition of our business. These
forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks,
uncertainties, and assumptions including, among other things:
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market acceptance of our Powerlink® System; |
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our ability to effectively manage our anticipated growth; |
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our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and
proprietary technology; |
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research and development of our products; |
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development and management of our business and anticipated
trends of our business; |
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our ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified
personnel; |
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our ability to attract and retain customers; |
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the market opportunity for our products and technology; |
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the nature of regulatory requirements that apply to us, our
suppliers and competitors and our ability to obtain and maintain
any required regulatory approvals; |
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our future capital expenditures and needs; |
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our ability to compete; |
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general economic and business conditions; and |
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other risks set forth under Additional Factors
Affecting Our Business in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. |
The forward-looking statements involve known and unknown
risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual
results to differ in significant ways from any future results
expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Unless
otherwise required by law, we undertake no obligation to
publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, either
as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after
the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
1
PART I
We develop, manufacture, sell and market minimally invasive
therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Our
products, the Powerlink System and
PowerWebtm
System, are catheter-based alternative treatments for abdominal
aortic aneurysm, or AAA. AAA is a weakening of the wall of the
aorta, the largest artery of the body. Once AAA develops, it
continues to enlarge and if left untreated becomes increasingly
susceptible to rupture. The overall patient mortality rate for
ruptured AAAs is approximately 75%, making it the
13th leading cause of death in the United States today.
The Powerlink System, and its predecessor the PowerWeb System,
is a catheter and endoluminal graft, or ELG, system. The
self-expanding cobalt chromium alloy stent cage is covered by
ePTFE, a common surgical graft material. The Powerlink ELG is
implanted in the abdominal aorta, which is accessed through the
femoral artery. Once deployed into its proper position, the
blood flow is shunted away from the weakened or
aneurysmal section of the aorta, reducing pressure
and the potential for the aorta to rupture. We believe that
implantation of our products will reduce the mortality and
morbidity rates associated with conventional AAA surgery, as
well as provide a clinical alternative to many patients that
could not undergo conventional surgery.
Prior to developing the Powerlink System, we developed various
catheter-based systems to treat cardiovascular disease. We
licensed our proprietary Focus balloon technology to Guidant
Corporation for use in Guidants coronary stent delivery
systems. Sales of our Powerlink System in Europe, to
U.S. clinical trial sites, and royalties from the Guidant
license are the primary sources of our reported revenues.
We were incorporated in California in March 1992 under the name
Cardiovascular Dynamics, Inc. and reincorporated in Delaware in
June 1993. In January 1999, we merged with privately held
Radiance Medical Systems, Inc. and changed our name to Radiance
Medical Systems, Inc. and in May 2002, we merged with privately
held Endologix, Inc., and changed our name to Endologix, Inc.
Atherosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of arteries.
Some hardening of arteries occurs naturally as people grow
older. Atherosclerosis involves deposits of fatty substances,
cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and other
substances on the inner lining of an artery. Atherosclerosis is
a slow, complex disease that starts in childhood and often
progresses with age.
Atherosclerosis also can reduce the integrity and strength of
the vessel wall, causing the vessel wall to expand or balloon
out. This is an aneurysm. Aneurysms are commonly diagnosed in
the aorta, which is the bodys largest artery. The highest
incidence of aortic aneurysms occurs in the segment below the
opening of the arteries that feed the kidneys, the renal
arteries, to where the aorta divides into the two iliac arteries
that travel down the legs. Once diagnosed, patients with AAA
require either a combination of medical therapy and non-invasive
monitoring, or they must undergo a major surgery procedure to
repair the aneurysm.
For years, physicians have been interested in less invasive
methods to treat AAA disease as an alternative to the current
standard of surgical repair. The high morbidity and mortality
rates of surgery are well documented, yet medical
pharmacological management for this condition carries the
catastrophic risk of aneurysm rupture. Physicians and commercial
interests alike began investigating catheter-based alternatives
to repair an aneurysm from within, utilizing surgical grafts in
combination with expandable wire cages or scaffolds to exclude
blood flow and pressure from the weakened segment of the aorta.
We believe the appeal of the Powerlink System for patients,
physicians, and health-care payors is compelling. The
conventional treatment is a highly invasive, open surgical
procedure requiring a large incision in the patients
abdomen, withdrawal of the patients intestines to provide
access to the aneurysm, and the cross clamping of the aorta to
stop blood flow. This procedure typically lasts two to four
hours and is performed under general anesthesia. This surgery
has an operative mortality rate estimated to range from 4%
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to 10%. In addition, complication rates vary depending upon
patient risk classification, ranging and from 15% for low-risk
patients to 40% for high-risk patients. The typical recovery
period for conventional AAA surgery includes a hospital stay of
10 to 15 days and post-hospital convalescence of 8 to
12 weeks. Our minimally invasive treatment of AAA requires
only a small incision in the femoral artery of the leg,
minimizing both hospital lengths of stay and the amount of time
required for convalescence. Many patients can be treated
utilizing only a local or regional anesthesia.
In the United States alone, an estimated 1.7 million people
have an AAA, yet there are only about 220,000 diagnosed each
year. Although AAA is one of the most serious cardiovascular
diseases, most AAAs are never detected. Approximately 70% to 80%
of AAA patients do not have symptoms at the time of initial
diagnosis, and AAAs generally are discovered inadvertently
during procedures to diagnose unrelated medical conditions. Once
an AAA develops, it continues to enlarge and if left untreated,
becomes increasingly susceptible to rupture. The overall patient
mortality rate for ruptured aneurysms is approximately 75%. We
estimate that each year, of those patients diagnosed with AAA,
approximately 50,000 to 60,000 undergo conventional surgery,
15,000 to 20,000 are treated with a commercially available ELG,
and the remainder are put under watchful waiting.
AAAs generally are more prevalent in people over the age of 60
and are more common in men than in women. The market opportunity
outside of the U.S. for these technologies is estimated to
be equal in size to that in the U.S.
Patients diagnosed with an AAA larger than five centimeters can
be classified into one of three categories: those patients
opting for elective surgery, patients who refuse surgery due to
the clinical risks of an open procedure, and those who are
considered at high risk for an open procedure. These high-risk
patients and those refusing surgery will populate the initial
patient pool for less invasive techniques. We believe that ELGs
could be applied to as much as 60% of the approximately 50,000
to 60,000 surgeries performed in the United States each year.
In addition to the current pool of potential patients, we expect
that the number of persons seeking treatment for their condition
will increase based on the following factors:
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Aging Population. In 2000, the age 65 and over
population in the United States numbered approximately
34 million, or 12.4% of the total population, and is
expected to be 39.7 million by 2010. It is growing at a
higher rate than the overall U.S. population. In the United
States, the vast majority of AAA procedures are performed in
patients age 65 and over. |
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Increasing Expectations of Maintaining Active Lifestyles.
Baby boomers, on average, exercise more frequently and live more
active lifestyles than the average American. As baby boomers
age, their more active lifestyle, combined with their strong
desire to maintain the quality of life to which they are
accustomed, make them increasingly likely to seek minimally
invasive alternatives and forego the long convalescence period
required by conventional surgical alternatives. |
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Increased Screening Will Increase the Patient Pool.
Medical journals report that AAA screening at age 65
reduces mortality from AAA disease. A recently published article
in the Lancet, a British medical journal, demonstrated that
population screening at age 65 can reduce the mortality
associated with AAA and that the screening is cost effective.
The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force issued its
recommendation for AAA ultrasound screening for all men over the
age of 65 years that have ever smoked in the February
Annals of Internal Medicine. We believe that like colonoscopy or
mammography, growth in the use of non-invasive, inexpensive
testing and minimally invasive alternatives for treatment of AAA
will increase the number of patients seeking screening for this
serious medical condition. |
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Improved Endoluminal Devices. We believe improved
clinical results of endoluminal repair devices should convert
many watchful waiting and surgical candidates to ELG
procedures. Next generation endovascular AAA repair systems
address shortfalls of first and second-generation stent grafts,
and longer follow-up should enhance acceptance of ELGs as viable
therapy. |
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Our Powerlink System consists of a self-expanding cobalt
chromium alloy stent cage covered with ePTFE, a common surgical
graft material. The Powerlink ELG is implanted in the abdominal
aorta, gaining access by a small incision through the femoral
artery. Once deployed into its proper position, the blood flow
is shunted away from the weakened, or aneurysmal, section of the
aorta, reducing pressure and the potential for the aorta to
rupture.
We believe the Powerlink System is a superior design that
overcomes the inherent limitations of early generation devices
and offers the following advantages:
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One-Piece, Bifurcated ELG. This eliminates many of the
problems associated with early generation multi-piece systems.
Our products eliminate much of the guidewire manipulation
required during the procedure to assemble the component parts of
a modular system, thereby simplifying the procedure. In
addition, in the follow-up period, there can be no limb
component separation with a one-piece system. We believe this
should result in continued long-term exclusion of the aneurysm,
and improved clinical results. |
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Fully Supported. The main body and limbs of the Powerlink
System are fully supported by a cobalt chromium alloy cage. The
cobalt chromium alloy cage greatly reduces or eliminates the
risk of kinking of the stent graft in even tortuous anatomies,
eliminating the need for additional procedures or costly
peripheral stents. Kinking may result in reduced blood flow and
limb thrombosis. |
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Unique, Minimally Invasive Delivery Mechanism. The
Powerlink System requires only a small surgical incision in one
leg. The other leg needs only placement of a non-surgical
introducer sheath, three millimeters in diameter. Other ELGs
typically need surgical exposure of the femoral artery in both
legs to introduce the multiple components. Our unique delivery
mechanism and downsizing of the catheter permits our technology
to be used in patients having small or very tortuous access
vessels. |
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Self-Expanding. The stent is formed from cobalt chromium
alloy in a proprietary configuration that is protected by our
patent portfolio. This proprietary design expands to the proper
size of the target aorta and eliminates the need for hooks or
barbs for attachment. Based on our results to date, the
Powerlink System has an excellent record of successful
deployments. |
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Single Wire and Long Main Body Design. The long main body
of the stent cage is made of a continuous piece of wire, shaped
into its appropriate configuration. Migration of individual
stent graft components is eliminated. In addition the long main
body places the Powerlink System near or at the aortic
bifurcation, which minimizes the risk of device migration during
the follow-up period. |
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Limitations of Earlier Technology |
Our technology is dramatically different than devices currently
available commercially. Despite enthusiasm by physicians and
patients alike for minimally invasive technology, we believe
early generation devices have achieved a limited market
penetration due to design limitations and related complications.
The published clinical literature details many of the
deficiencies of these approaches. In our opinion, early
generation devices were limited because assembly was required by
the surgeon. Multi-piece, or modular, systems require assembly
by the mating of multiple components to form a bifurcated stent
graft within the aneurysm sac. These systems can be more
difficult to implant and lead to longer operative times. In
addition, there are a number of reports of component detachment
during the follow-up period. Component detachment can lead to a
leak and a re-pressurization of the sac. We believe this
increases the risk of AAA rupture, often requiring a highly
invasive, open surgical procedure to repair the detachment.
Variations in patient anatomies require an adaptive technology.
We designed our Powerlink System, with multiple aortic cuffs,
limb extensions, bifurcated main body lengths and diameters to
simplify procedures,
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improve clinical results, and drive product adoption by offering
physicians a full line of products that are adaptable for
treatment of the majority of patients with AAA disease.
Powerlink Infrarenal Bifurcated Systems. The Powerlink
Infrarenal Bifurcated System is available in multiple diameters
and lengths and can treat patients that have an aortic neck up
to 26 millimeters in diameter. The infrarenal device is made of
a cobalt chromium alloy cage covered by thin-walled ePTFE for
placement below the renal arteries. The self-expanding cage
permits the graft to be used in a wide range of neck diameters,
which allows us to treat a wide variety of anatomies with a
standard device making it easier for hospital purchasing
patterns. We have obtained the CE Mark for this product in
Europe in August 1999, and obtained U.S. FDA pre-marketing
approval in October 2004. We commenced commercial sales in the
U.S. in December, 2004.
Powerlink Suprarenal Bifurcated System. The Powerlink
Suprarenal Bifurcated System is available in multiple diameters
and lengths and can treat patients that have an aortic neck up
to 26 millimeters in diameter. The suprarenal model has a
segment of uncovered stent at the proximal end that permits the
operator to place the device more proximally, over the opening
of the renal arteries in patients with short or angulated aortic
necks. The uncovered stent permits continuous blood flow to the
renal arteries, thereby mitigating the risk of kidney
complications. We have obtained the CE Mark for this product in
Europe in August 1999, and are currently enrolling patients in
an arm of a Phase II pivotal trial in the U.S.
Powerlink Aortic Cuffs and Limb Extensions. The Powerlink
Aortic Cuffs and Limb Extensions permit the physician to treat a
greater number of patients. Aortic cuffs are available in 25, 28
and 34 millimeters in diameter and multiple lengths. They
also are available in the infrarenal or suprarenal
configurations. Limb extensions are 20 millimeters and
16 millimeters in diameter with various lengths, allowing
the physician to customize the technology to a given individual.
We have obtained the CE Mark for these products in Europe
in October 1999 (Limb Extensions), December 1999
(25/28 Cuffs) and May 2002 (34 Cuff). We obtained
U.S. FDA marketing approval in October 2004 for the 25 and
28 millimeter infrarenal cuffs, and the 20 and
16 millimeter limb extensions.
XL Bifurcated System. The XL Bifurcated System is a stent
graft that can treat AAA patients with large aortic diameters
less than or equal of up to 32 millimeters in diameter in
AAA patients with large aortic necks. We have obtained the
CE Mark for this product in Europe in January 2003.
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Powerlink and PowerWeb Systems |
We were granted conditional approval to market the infrarenal
Powerlink System in the United States from the U.S Food and
Drug Administration on October 29, 2004, and commenced
commercial selling of the Powerlink System in the
U.S. market in the fourth quarter of 2004. The conditions
of approval require the standard continued post-marketing
surveillance and annual update reports to the FDA and physician
users. The pivotal trial included 192 test patients and
66 controls treated by conventional open surgery. Trial
highlights include:
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Powerlink System was successfully deployed in 97.9% of test
patients. |
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The study demonstrated a significantly lower mortality rate for
the Powerlink patients versus open surgery during the 30-day
post operative period, 1.04% versus 6.06%. This occurred in
spite of the mean age of the Powerlink System patients being
significantly older. |
As of March 25, 2005, 101 of the 193 patients required
have been enrolled for the second arm of U.S. Pivotal
Phase II clinical trial for the suprarenal devices. The
infrarenal and suprarenal devices are similar, except that the
wire stent in the suprarenal device is extended above the graft
material to allow the physician to anchor the top of the device
above the renal arteries without obstructing them.
Shonin Clinical Trial on the PowerWeb System. In November
2001, we completed the first AAA clinical trial in Japan,
including the required 6 month follow up. Six centers used
our earlier generation device, the PowerWeb System, for elective
endovascular aneurysm repair in 79 patients.
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The patient age range was 40 to 89 years, with a mean age
range of 70 to 79 years. The effectiveness of the PowerWeb
System was measured based on whether there was a persistent
endoleak, device migration, device damage, or change in aneurysm
sac shape over a 6 month follow period. Only 2.9% of all
patients and 1.7% of patients implanted with bifurcated devices
experienced these problems. Safety of the PowerWeb System was
based on adverse events, which occurred in 22 patients
after treatment, of which five were device related. The total
safety evaluation ratings demonstrated that 68 patients
(98.5%) were treated safely. In conclusion, trial results showed
a combined rating of effectiveness and safety for
66 patients (95.6%) and the clinicians recommended approval
of the PowerWeb System as a low invasive medical device for
aneurysms.
In July 2002, we submitted our PowerWeb System for approval by
the Japanese Ministry of Health, or MOH . We were the first
company to submit for the Shonin utilizing a complete Japanese
patient cohort, and we anticipate that approval will be received
in the first half of 2005. We will then file the necessary
Partial Change to update the system to a current configuration,
as well as submit the dossier necessary to be eligible to obtain
hospital reimbursement. We expect the device will be eligible
for insurance reimbursement and to begin a product launch
sometime in the first half of 2006.
The PowerWeb System is the predecessor to the Powerlink System.
The two designs utilize the same stent cage configuration but
use different methods to link the wire forms.
Prior to our restructuring in 2001, we developed proprietary
devices to deliver radiation to prevent the recurrence of
blockages in arteries following balloon angioplasty, vascular
stenting and other interventional treatments of blockages in
coronary and peripheral arteries. We incorporated our
proprietary RDX technology into catheter-based systems that
deliver beta radiation to the site of a treated blockage in an
artery in order to decrease the likelihood of restenosis.
We completed a U.S. pivotal trial for the RDX System and
anticipated submitting safety data only to the FDA in April
2004. Following our 2001 restructuring, we decided not to pursue
approval to market the RDX System from the FDA. As part of the
restructuring, we discontinued our pursuit of Japanese clinical
trials and stopped sales and marketing of the device in Europe
and elsewhere.
We have also completed a feasibility trial for saphenous vein
grafts and peripheral vascular use of the RDX System, and the
final report was submitted to the FDA in February 2004. We do
not plan to file for a Phase II trial for SVG, peripheral
or any other application of the device.
Our objective is to become a premier supplier of endovascular
surgery products that repair diseased or damaged vascular
structures as an alternative to open surgery. As part of our
core strategy, we intend to:
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Demonstrate a Significant Technology Advantage. Our
strategy has been to develop technology that addresses the
limitations of the early generation devices, and execute
clinical studies to substantiate the superiority of the
technology. Being first to market has not been an
advantage in the AAA market thus far, as other devices approved
for marketing in the United States have undergone post-approval
recalls and/or temporary sales suspensions. |
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Execute a focused domestic launch of the Powerlink
System. We have recruited six seasoned vascular implant
sales representatives and two clinical specialists to launch the
Powerlink System in the U.S. market. |
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Execute a Global Marketing Strategy and Address Key
Markets. We have obtained the right to affix the CE Mark,
and utilize distributors in markets outside the U.S. We have
sought to limit our capital commitments by establishing sales
through a distributor due to limitations on device reimbursement
in Europe. |
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Continue to Develop Core Competencies and Develop Synergistic
Collaborations. We believe we have demonstrated core
competencies in developing catheter-based solutions that address
a large unmet |
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clinical need that we identified after close consultation with
key physicians. Our focus at this time is the aortic aneurysm.
In the future, we intend to develop additional devices to expand
the application of our core competencies. |
United States. We have begun a focused launch of the
Powerlink System in the U.S. with six sales representatives and
two clinical specialists. The primary customer and decision
maker for these devices in the U.S. is the vascular surgeon. The
market is fairly concentrated with estimates of 1,000 to 1,500
potential general and vascular surgeons, and a limited number of
interventional cardiologists and radiologists, in approximately
1,000 hospitals. As we demonstrate clinician acceptance in
general use, we expect to increase the size of our domestic
sales force to between 40 to 50 representatives.
Europe. The market for ELGs in Europe is influenced by
vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists and, to a lesser
extent, interventional cardiologists who perform catheter
directed treatment of AAA. The European market is less
concentrated than the domestic market. We have obtained the
right to affix the CE Mark to our family of Powerlink
products. Europe represents a smaller market opportunity due to
capitated hospital budgets and a selling price that is typically
less than in the U.S. We currently sell our devices through
Edwards Lifesciences as well as other exclusive independent
distributors, supported by a direct regional manager based in
Europe. We will participate in and share the costs of attending
key cardiovascular conferences in Europe. We expect to continue
to interface with key opinion leaders in Europe.
Rest of World, excluding Japan. We have obtained
marketing approval in a number of countries, including China,
Australia, Argentina, Brazil and South Africa and have initial
clinical experience in each of these locales.
Japan. We believe we will be the first company to enter
the Japanese market for ELGs with a commercial product launch in
the first half of 2006, depending upon the Ministry of
Healths approval of our device, and ELG reimbursement.
Cosmotec will market our technology with a combination of
clinical specialists and a vascular sales force. Cosmotec has
seven sales offices throughout Japan and a sales force of over
70 persons.
In June 1998, we entered into a technology license agreement
with Guidant, an international interventional cardiology
products company, granting them a 10 year license to
manufacture and distribute stent delivery products using our
Focus technology. The original territory for the license was the
United States and Canada, but has expanded with the expiration
of distribution relations in other countries. Under the
agreement, technology developed by either party was to be owned
by that party while technology developed jointly was to be owned
jointly and included in the license at no additional cost to
Guidant. If for any calendar year, after timely written notice
by us to Guidant of a shortfall in royalty payments below the
annual minimum royalty required, they elect not to pay us at
least the minimum royalty, we can cancel the agreement. Also, as
Guidant has paid to date the aggregate payment amount required
under the contract, they can at any time, with or without cause,
terminate the agreement upon thirty days notice. We are entitled
to receive royalties on Guidants sales. In the year ended
December 31, 2004, we recorded $952,000 in royalties. We
anticipate that royalties from Guidant will continue to decline
substantially in 2005 and thereafter as competition from
drug-coated stents, which began in the second quarter of 2003,
increases and as Guidant introduces more non-licensed products.
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We manufacture our endovascular products at our facilities in
Irvine, California. During 2005, we will relocate both our
manufacturing and headquarters functions to a 30,200 square
foot leased facility, also in Irvine.
Our current manufacturing process is labor intensive and
involves shaping and forming a cobalt chromium wire cage, sewing
graft material together to form the outside skin of the device
and suturing the graft material on to the cage. While we plan to
make process improvements in 2005 to reduce the labor component
of the production, the majority of the direct cost comes from
the ePTFE graft material, which has pricing set by our agreement
with Bard Peripheral Vascular Systems.
Bard Peripheral Vascular Systems. In February 1999, we
entered into a supply agreement with Bard Peripheral Vascular
Systems, a subsidiary of C.R. Bard, Inc for the supply of ePTFE.
The supply agreement expires in December 2007 and is
automatically renewable on a year-by-year basis, for additional
one-year periods, unless either party gives the other party
notice of its intention not to renew within 30 days from
the expiration date of the applicable renewal period. Under the
terms of the agreement, we have agreed to purchase certain
quantities of ePTFE for our endovascular products, with built in
annual quantity increases. In January 2002, the agreement was
amended, increasing the minimum purchase requirements for 2002
and thereafter, and increasing the prices each year after 2002
according to the general increase in the Consumer Price Index,
with an additional increase when we receive FDA approval to
commercially distribute our devices in the U.S., which occurred
in October 2004.
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Patents and Proprietary Information |
We have an aggressive program to develop intellectual property
in the United States, Europe and Asia. We are building a
portfolio of apparatus and method patents covering various
aspects of our current and future technology. In the AAA area,
we have 15 U.S. patents issued, covering 331 claims,
and ten pending U.S. patent applications. Our current AAA
related patents begin expiring in 2017 and the last patent
expires in 2019. We intend to continue to file for patent
protection to strengthen our intellectual property position as
we continue to develop our technology.
In addition to our AAA intellectual property, we own or have the
rights to 37 issued U.S. patents, one issued European
patent, and one Japanese patent relating to intravascular
radiation, stents, and various catheter technologies. The non
AAA patents begin expiring in 2012 and the last patent expires
in 2018. Our technology license to Guidant is supported by seven
U.S. patents and one Japanese patent. These patents begin
expiring in 2014 and the last patent expires in 2016.
Our policy is to protect our proprietary position by, among
other methods, filing U.S. and foreign patent applications to
protect technology, inventions and improvements that are
important to the development of our business. We require our
employees, consultants and advisors to execute confidentiality
agreements in connection with their employment, consulting or
advisory relationships. We also require employees, consultants
and advisors who may work on our products to agree to disclose
and assign to us all inventions conceived during the work day,
using our property or which relate to our business.
We believe that the primary competitive factors in the market
for AAA devices are:
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clinical effectiveness; |
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product safety, ease of use, reliability and durability; |
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ability to receive regulatory approval; |
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distribution capability; |
8
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time necessary to develop products successfully; and |
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price. |
We expect that significant competition in the endovascular
grafting market will develop over time. Three manufacturers,
Medtronic, W.L. Gore, and Cook have obtained FDA marketing
approval for their ELGs. However, we believe that our technology
offers significant clinical advantages over currently available
technologies. The cardiovascular device industry is marked by
rapid technological improvements and, as a result, physicians
are quick to seize upon improved designs. Significant market
share and revenue can be captured by designs demonstrating
superior clinical outcomes. We believe deliverability of the
device, dependability of the clinical results and the durability
of the product design are the most important product
characteristics. The Powerlink System is the only available
one-piece bifurcated, fully supported ELG, and we believe that
the Powerlink System will offer improved deliverability,
dependability, and durability.
Companies that are first to market in the United
States with a new technique must underwrite the significant and
expensive challenge of physician training and proctoring. In
addition, the first generation companies have borne these costs
as well as costs of addressing reimbursement issues. We believe
that our Powerlink System represents next generation technology
that is poised to take advantage of a well-prepared market.
Below is a chart that details the stent graft characteristics of
the minimally-invasive AAA stent grafts being sold in Europe
and/or the United States. We believe that earlier generation
technology devices experienced material failures and
complications due to their reliance on multi-piece designs that
did not include a stent cage to support the entire graft, or
designs with hooks or barbs to hold their devices in place (See
the section above entitled Limitations of Earlier
Technology for a discussion of these factors). Our
Powerlink and PowerWeb stent grafts are single- piece, fully
supported designs that use radial force and column strength to
maintain fixation. We believe that our grafts may offer a
competitive advantage.
Stent Graft Characteristics
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| Manufacturer/ |
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Single | |
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Fully | |
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| Product Name |
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Piece? | |
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Supported? | |
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Fixation |
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FDA Status |
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Endologix/Powerlink
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Yes |
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Yes |
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Radial Force & Column Strength |
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Approved |
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Medtronic/AneuRx, Talent
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No |
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Yes |
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Radial Force |
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Approved AneuRx
In Trial Talent |
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Cook/Zenith
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No |
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Yes |
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Radial Force & Barbs |
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Approved |
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WL Gore/Excluder
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No |
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Yes |
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Radial Force & Barbs |
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Approved |
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Johnson and Johnson/Fortron
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No |
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Yes |
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Radial Force & Barbs |
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In Trial |
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Tri Vascular/Enovus
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Yes |
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polymer |
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Barbs & Stent |
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Phase 1 |
In addition to the competitors mentioned above, the following
companies are believed to have development programs for new
devices which may compete with our products: Terumo-Vascutek,
Lombard Medical.
Most of our competitors have substantially greater capital
resources than we do and also have greater resources and
expertise in the areas of research and development, obtaining
regulatory approvals, manufacturing and marketing. We cannot
assure you that competitors and potential competitors will not
succeed in developing, marketing and distributing technologies
and products that are more effective than those we will develop
and market or that would render our technology and products
obsolete or noncompetitive. We may be unable to compete
effectively against such competitors and other potential
competitors based upon their manufacturing, marketing and sales
resources.
Any product we develop that gains regulatory clearance or
approval will have to compete for market acceptance and market
share. An important factor in such competition may be the timing
of market introduction of competitive products. Accordingly, we
expect the relative speed with which we can develop
9
products, gain regulatory approval and reimbursement acceptance
and supply commercial quantities of the product to the market to
be an important competitive factor. In addition, we believe that
the primary competitive factors for products addressing AAA
include deliverability, safety, efficacy, ease of use,
reliability, service and price. We also believe that physician
relationships, especially relationships with leaders in the
interventional cardiology community, also are important
competitive factors.
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Third-Party Reimbursement |
In the United States, medical institutions are the primary
purchasers of our products. Medical institutions then bill
various third-party payors, such as Medicare, Medicaid, and
other government programs and private insurance plans, for the
healthcare services and products provided to patients.
Government agencies, private insurers and other payors determine
whether to provide coverage for a particular procedure and
reimburse hospitals for medical treatment at a fixed rate based
on the diagnosis-related group established by the
U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS.
The fixed rate of reimbursement is based on the procedure
performed, and is unrelated to the specific devices used in that
procedure.
Reimbursement of interventional procedures utilizing our
products currently is covered under a diagnosis-related group.
Some payors may deny reimbursement if they determine that the
device used in a treatment was unnecessary, inappropriate or not
cost-effective, experimental or used for a non-approved
indication. Therefore, we cannot assure you that reimbursement
for any new procedure we develop will be available to hospitals
and other users of our products, or that future reimbursement
policies of payors will not hamper our ability to sell new
products on a profitable basis.
In October 2000, the CMS issued a guideline regarding the proper
coding of our procedures for billing purposes. CMS instructed
that code 39.71, for endovascular graft repair of aneurysm, be
utilized. For purposes of hospital reimbursement, the majority
of patients using the Powerlink System device will be classified
under DRG 110, Major Cardiovascular Procedures with
Complication/ Comorbidity. In the latest data published by CMS,
the national average reimbursement for DRG 110 exceeded $23,000.
In Europe, reimbursement for the procedure, including the
device, typically comes from the hospitals general fund
and is usually from about half to three-quarters of the
reimbursement available in the U.S.
Outside the United States, market acceptance of products depends
partly upon the availability of reimbursement within the
prevailing healthcare payment systems. Reimbursement systems
vary significantly by country, and by region within some
countries, and reimbursement approvals must be obtained on a
country-by-country basis. Reimbursement is obtained from a
variety of sources, including government sponsored healthcare
and private health insurance plans.
Some countries have centrally organized healthcare systems, but
in most cases there is a degree of regional autonomy either in
deciding whether to pay for a particular procedure or in setting
the reimbursement level. The manner in which new devices enter
the healthcare system depends on the system. There may be a
national appraisal process leading to a new procedure or product
coding, or it may be a local decision made by the relevant
hospital department. The latter is particularly the case where a
global payment is made that does not detail specific
technologies used in the treatment of a patient. Most foreign
countries also have private insurance plans that may reimburse
patients for alternative therapies. Although not as prevalent as
in the United States, managed care is gaining prevalence in
certain European countries.
Upon obtaining the Shonin in Japan, equivalent to FDA approval
of a PMA application in the U.S., our next step would be to
establish the level of reimbursement, which will drive hospital
pricing. We believe that the level of reimbursement in Japan
will approximate that of the United States.
We believe that reimbursement in the future will be subject to
increased restrictions such as those described above, both in
the United States and in other countries. The general escalation
in medical costs has led to and probably will continue to create
increased pressures on the health care providers to reduce the
cost of products and services, including any products we
develop. If third party reimbursements are inadequate to provide
us with a profit on any products we develop, our efforts to
develop and market products in the future may fail.
10
The manufacturing and marketing of our products are subject to
extensive and rigorous government regulation in the United
States and in other countries. Prior to commercialization, new
products must meet rigorous governmental agency requirements for
pre-clinical and clinical testing and patient follow-up. Federal
regulations control the ongoing safety, efficacy, manufacture,
storage, labeling, record-keeping, and marketing of all medical
devices. We cannot sell or market our products without
U.S. or foreign government regulatory approvals.
Devices such as our Powerlink System are subject to the rigorous
PMA review process with the FDA to assure safety and
effectiveness. The PMA must be approved by the FDA prior to
sales and marketing of the device in the United States. The PMA
process is complex, expensive and time-consuming and requires
the submission of extensive clinical data. The Powerlink System
was approved through this PMA process in October 2004.
FDA regulations require us to register as a medical device
manufacturer with the FDA. Additionally, the California
Department of Health Services, or CDHS, requires us to register
as a medical device manufacturer within the state. Because of
this, the FDA and the CDHS inspect us on a routine basis for
compliance with QSR regulations. These regulations require that
we manufacture our products and maintain related documentation
in a prescribed manner with respect to manufacturing, testing
and control activities. We have undergone and expect to continue
to undergo regular QSR inspections in connection with the
manufacture of our products at our facilities. Further, the FDA
requires us to comply with various FDA regulations regarding
labeling. The Medical Device Reporting laws and regulations
require us to provide information to the FDA on deaths or
serious injuries alleged to have been associated with the use of
our devices, as well as product malfunctions that likely would
cause or contribute to death or serious injury if the
malfunction were to recur. In addition, the FDA prohibits an
approved device from being marketed for unapproved applications.
Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can,
among other consequences, result in fines, injunctions, civil
penalties, suspensions or loss of regulatory approvals, product
recalls, seizure of products, operating restrictions and
criminal prosecution. In addition, government regulations may be
established in the future that could prevent or delay regulatory
clearance or approval of our products.
We are subject to other federal, state and local laws,
regulations and recommendations relating to safe working
conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices. We cannot
accurately predict the extent of government regulation that
might result from any future legislation or administrative
action.
Our international sales are subject to regulatory requirements
in the countries in which our products are sold. The regulatory
review process varies from country to country and may in some
cases require the submission of clinical data. We most likely
would rely on distributors in such foreign countries to obtain
the requisite regulatory approvals. We cannot assure you,
however, that we would obtain such approvals on a timely basis
or at all. In addition, the FDA must approve the export to
certain countries of devices that require a PMA but are not yet
approved domestically.
In Europe, we need to comply with the requirements of the
Medical Devices Directive, or MDD, and affix the CE Mark on our
products to attest to such compliance. To achieve compliance,
our products must meet the Essential Requirements of
the MDD relating to safety and performance and we must
successfully undergo verification of our regulatory compliance,
or conformity assessment, by a Notified Body selected by us. The
level of scrutiny of such assessment depends on the regulatory
class of the product.
In December 1996, we received ISO 9001/ EN46001 certification
from our Notified Body with respect to the manufacturing of all
of our products in our Irvine facilities. In February 2003, we
received ISO 9001:1994 and ISO 13485:1996 certification. We are
subject to continued supervision by our Notified Body and will
be required to report any serious adverse incidents to the
appropriate authorities. We also must comply with additional
requirements of individual nations.
11
The manufacture and marketing of medical devices carries the
risk of financial exposure to product liability claims. Our
products are used in situations in which there is a high risk of
serious injury or death. Such risks will exist even with respect
to those products that have received, or in the future may
receive, regulatory approval for commercial sale. We are
currently covered under a product liability insurance policy
with coverage limits of $3.0 million per occurrence and
$3.0 million per year in the aggregate. We cannot assure
you that our product liability insurance is adequate or that
such insurance coverage will remain available at acceptable
costs. We also cannot assure you that we will not incur
significant product liability claims in the future.
As of December 31, 2004, we had 67 employees, including 23
in manufacturing, 10 in research and development, 9 in clinical
affairs, 15 in sales and marketing and 10 in administration. We
believe that the success of our business will depend, in part,
on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. Our
employees are not subject to a collective bargaining agreement,
and we believe we have good relations with our employees.
We spent $6.2 million in 2004, $6.7 million in 2003,
and $6.2 million in 2002 on research and development,
including clinical studies. Our focus is to continually develop
innovative and cost effective medical device technology for the
treatment of aortic aneurysms, specifically abdominal aortic
aneurysms. To achieve the dynamics required to rapidly implement
these projects, our research and development is structured into
three main development areas: New Product Development, Current
Product Enhancements and Process Improvements. The objective is
to bring a specific focus to each critical area of development
and to facilitate multiple projects on parallel paths.
We make available free of charge on our web site at
www.endologix.com our annual reports on Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on
Form 8-K, and any amendments to such reports, as soon as
reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically
filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange
Commission. We will also provide electronic or paper copies of
such reports free of charge, upon request made to our Corporate
Secretary.
Currently, we lease facilities aggregating approximately
20,000 square feet in Irvine, California under various
lease agreements that expire in June 2005. During 2005, we will
relocate both our manufacturing and headquarters functions to a
30,200 square foot leased facility, also in Irvine.
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| Item 3. |
Legal Proceedings |
We are a party to ordinary disputes arising in the normal course
of business, including a product liability claim arising from
the use of our product in a clinical trial. Management is of the
opinion that the outcome of these matters will not have a
material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position,
results of operations or cash flows.
12
|
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| Item 4. |
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
The annual meeting of stockholders was conducted on
October 21, 2004. The following actions were taken at this
meeting:
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a. In the election of directors, the following is a
tabulation of the votes: |
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Number of Shares | |
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Broker | |
| Name |
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For | |
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Withheld | |
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Non-Votes | |
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Roderick de Greef
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25,825,563 |
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141,519 |
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Paul McCormick
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25,683,052 |
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284,030 |
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Gregory D. Waller
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25,848,563 |
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118,519 |
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The following directors continued their terms on the Board
following the annual meeting: Franklin D. Brown, Maurice
Buchbinder, M.D., Edward M. Diethrich, M.D., and
Jeffrey ODonnell.
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b. Ratification of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as
independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for
the fiscal year ending December 31, 2004. The following is
a tabulation of the votes: |
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Number of Shares | |
| |
|
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Broker | |
| For |
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Against | |
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Withheld | |
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Non-Votes | |
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25,927,542
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33,072 |
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6,468 |
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The total outstanding shares available for voting at the meeting
was 31,746,961.
PART II
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| Item 5. |
Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related
Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities |
Our common stock commenced trading on the NASDAQ National Market
on June 20, 1996 and is traded under the symbol
ELGX. The following table sets forth the high and
low sale prices for our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ
National Market for the periods indicated.
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High | |
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Low | |
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Year Ended December 31, 2003
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|
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First Quarter
|
|
$ |
1.91 |
|
|
$ |
.91 |
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Second Quarter
|
|
|
3.44 |
|
|
|
1.50 |
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Third Quarter
|
|
|
4.15 |
|
|
|
2.77 |
|
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Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
4.04 |
|
|
|
3.43 |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2004
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
$ |
7.26 |
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|
$ |
3.73 |
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Second Quarter
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|
|
6.08 |
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|
|
4.30 |
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Third Quarter
|
|
|
6.85 |
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|
|
4.46 |
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Fourth Quarter
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|
|
8.00 |
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|
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5.25 |
|
On March 18, 2005, the closing sale price of our common
stock on the NASDAQ National Market was $6.06 per share and
there were 271 record holders of our common stock.
We have never paid any dividends. We currently intend to retain
all earnings, if any, for use in the expansion of our business
and therefore do not anticipate paying any dividends in the
foreseeable future.
13
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| Item 6. |
Selected Financial Data |
The following selected consolidated financial data has been
derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The
audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years
ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 are included herein.
The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of
the expectations of results for future operations and should be
read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements
and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
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Year Ended December 31, | |
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