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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period
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Commission file number 0-18277
VICOR CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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04-2742817 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
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(IRS employer
identification no.) |
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25 Frontage Road, Andover,
Massachusetts
(Address of principal executive offices) |
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01810
(Zip code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code:
(978) 470-2900
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange
Act of
1934). Yes þ No o
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by
non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $362,901,200
as of June 30, 2004.
On February 28, 2005, there were 30,172,323 shares of
Common Stock outstanding and 11,867,100 shares of
Class B Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Companys definitive proxy statement (the
Definitive Proxy Statement) to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to
Regulation 14A and relating to the Companys 2005
annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference
into Part III.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words
may, will, would,
should, plans, expects,
anticipates, believes, is designed
to, continue, estimate,
project, intend, assumes,
prospective and other similar expressions identify
forward-looking statements. These statements are based upon the
Companys current expectations and estimates as to
prospective events and circumstances which may or may not be
within the Companys control and as to which there can be
no assurances. Actual results could differ materially from those
projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of the
risk factors set forth in this report. Reference is made in
particular to the discussions set forth in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K under Part I, Item 1
Business Second-Generation Automated
Manufacturing Line, Competition,
Patents,
Licensing, and Risk
Factors, under Part I, Item 3
Legal Proceedings, and under Part II,
Item 7 Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The risk factors contained in this report may not be exhaustive.
Therefore, the information contained in this report should be
read together with other reports and documents that the Company
files with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to
time, including Forms 10-Q and 8-K, which may
supplement, modify, supersede or update those risk factors. The
Company does not undertake any obligation to update any
forward-looking statements as a result of future events or
developments.
ITEM 1 BUSINESS
The Company
Vicor Corporation was incorporated in Delaware in 1981. Unless
the context indicates otherwise, the term Company
means Vicor Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The
Company designs, develops, manufactures and markets modular
power components and complete power systems, many of which use
an innovative, high frequency electronic power conversion
technology called zero current and zero voltage
switching. In April 2003, the Company announced the
introduction of a new power system architecture based on an
array of proprietary power conversion technologies called
Factorized Power Architecture (FPA). The Company
believes FPA will provide power system designers with enhanced
performance at a lower cost than attained with conventional
Distributed Power Architecture (DPA). The
Companys principal product lines are covered by one or
more United States and foreign patents. Power systems, a central
element in any electronic system, convert power from a primary
power source (e.g., a wall outlet or battery source) into the
stable DC voltages that are required by most contemporary
electronic circuits.
In 1986, the Company formed Westcor Corporation
(Westcor). During 1990, Westcor was merged into the
Company and became a division. Westcor manufactures configurable
products at its location in Sunnyvale, California. In 1987, the
Company formed VLT Corporation as its licensing subsidiary.
During 2000, the Company reincorporated VLT Corporation in
California by merging it with and into VLT, Inc., a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Company. In 1990, the Company established a
Technical Support Center in Germany and a foreign sales
corporation (FSC). In 1995, the Company established
Technical Support Centers in France, Italy, Hong Kong, and
England. Also in 1995, the Company established Vicor Integration
Architects (VIAs), most of which are majority-owned
subsidiaries. VIAs provide customers with local design and
manufacturing services for turnkey custom power solutions. At
December 31, 2004 there were six (6) VIAs operating in
the United States. In 1996, the Company established Vicor B.V.,
a Netherlands company, which serves as a European Distribution
Center. In 1998, the Company acquired the principal assets of
the switching power supply businesses owned by the Japan
Tobacco, Inc. group and established a direct presence in Japan
through a new subsidiary called Vicor Japan Company, Ltd.
(VJCL). VJCL markets and sells the Companys
products and provides customer support in Japan. In 2001, the
Company established a new subsidiary, Picor Corporation
(Picor), which designs, develops and markets Power
Management Integrated Circuits and related products for use in a
variety of power system applications. Picor develops these
products to be sold as part of Vicors products or to third
parties
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for separate applications. The Companys Common Stock
became publicly traded on the NASDAQ National Market System in
April 1990. All of the above named entities are consolidated in
the Companys financial statements.
The Company maintains a website with the address
www.vicorpower.com. We make available free of charge
through our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K,
Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on
Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file such
material with, or furnish such material to, the Securities and
Exchange Commission. The information contained on our website is
not a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
The Products
Power systems are incorporated into virtually all electronic
products, such as computers and telecommunications equipment, to
convert electric power from a primary source, for example a wall
outlet or battery source, into the stable DC voltages required
by electronic circuits. Because power systems are arranged in a
myriad of application-specific configurations, the
Companys basic strategy is to exploit the density and
performance advantages of its technology by offering
comprehensive families of economical, component-level building
blocks which can be used to configure a power system specific to
a users needs. In addition to component-level power
converters, which serve as modular power system building blocks,
the Company also manufactures and sells complete configurable
power systems, accessory products, and custom power solutions.
The Company operates in one industry segment: the development,
manufacture and sale of power conversion components and systems.
The Companys principal product lines include:
The Company currently offers four first-generation families of
component-level DC-DC power converters: the VI-200, VI-J00,
MI-200, and MI-J00 families. Designed to be mounted directly on
a printed circuit board assembly and soldered in place using
contemporary manufacturing processes, each family comprises a
comprehensive set of products which are offered in a wide range
of input voltage, output voltage and power ratings. This allows
end users to select products appropriate to their individual
applications. The product families differ in maximum power
ratings, performance characteristics, package size and, in
certain cases, in target market.
Since 1998, the Company has introduced four families of its
second-generation of high power density, component-level DC-DC
converters. In 1998, the 48 Volt input family was introduced,
which was designed for the telecommunications market as well as
for distributed power systems. The products consist of modules
with the most popular output voltages in all three of the
Companys second-generation standard packages: the full
size (Maxi), the half size (Mini) and the quarter size (Micro).
Output power levels from 50 to 500 Watts are covered by these
second-generation products. In 1999, this was followed by two
additional families: a 300 Volt input for off-line (rectified
115 or 230 Volt ac) and distributed power applications, and a
375 Volt input specifically designed for use in power factor
corrected systems. This latter family increased the power
available to 600 Watts. In 2001, a 24 Volt input family was
added to the standard second-generation product line to address
additional telecommunications, industrial and defense market
opportunities.
The Vicor Design Assistance Computer (VDAC) was
introduced for general use in 2000 and is a proprietary system
which enables Vicors customers to specify on-line, and
verify in real time, the performance and attributes of
second-generation DC-DC converters. Using patented technology,
VDAC enables the design of second-generation DC-DC converters
with any output voltage between 2 and 48 Volt and with any input
voltage from 18 to 425 Volt, with an input voltage range of up
to 2.1:1, available in all of the Vicor established brick
standards, full-, half- and quarter-size. Output power is
selectable over a continuous range of 20 to 500 Watts per module
and modules can be configured in fault-tolerant arrays capable
of delivering several kilowatts.
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Utilizing its standard converters as core elements, the Company
has developed several product families which provide complete
power solutions configured to a customers specific needs.
These products exploit the benefits of the component-level
approach to offer higher performance, higher power densities,
lower costs, greater flexibility and faster delivery than
traditional competitive offerings.
Most process control, information technology (IT)
and industrial electronic products operate directly off of AC
lines. Off-line power systems require front
end circuitry to convert AC line voltage into DC voltage
for the core converters. The Companys off-line AC-DC
products incorporate a set of modular front end subassemblies to
offer a complete power solution from AC line input to highly
regulated DC output. The product selection includes a
low-profile modular design in various sizes and power levels,
and a choice of alternatives to conventional box
switchers, high power, off-line bulk supplies
in industry-standard packages. Voltage and power levels can be
either factory or field configurable.
Many telecommunications, defense and transportation electronic
products are powered from central DC sources (battery plants or
generators). The Companys DC-DC power system choices
include a low-profile modular design similar to the
corresponding AC-DC system and a rugged, compact assembly for
chassis-mounted, bulk power applications.
In February 2001, the Company introduced the VIPAC family of
power systems, a new class of user defined, modular power
solutions. VIPAC is a new type of integrated power system
leveraging the latest advances in second-generation DC-DC
converter technology and modular front ends. VIPAC combines
application specific front end units, a choice of chassis styles
and, in AC input versions, remotely located hold-up capacitors
to provide fast, flexible and highly reliable power solutions
for a wide range of demanding applications.
The web-based Vicor Computer Aided Design (VCAD),
similar in concept to VDAC, can be utilized by the customer to
specify and verify, in real time, that customers desired
VIPAC configuration. The VCAD system enables the design of a
custom configured VIPAC product from all available combinations
of inputs, outputs, chassis and optional features.
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Factorized Power Architecture |
In April 2003, the Company announced the introduction of a new
power system architecture based on an array of proprietary power
conversion technologies called Factorized Power Architecture
(FPA). The Company believes FPA will provide power
system designers with enhanced performance at a lower cost than
attained with conventional Distributed Power Architecture
(DPA). Factorized Power maximizes the
competitiveness of a power system with a high degree of systems
flexibility, power density, conversion efficiency, transient
responsiveness, noise performance and reliability. FPA is
enabled by power conversion components called VI Chips or
VICs. VI Chips deliver up to 300 Watts of
power in a surface-mount (SMD) ball-grid array
(BGA) or J-lead package occupying less than 0.25
cubic-inch of space, with power densities of 1,200 Watts per
cubic-inch, which represents a seven to eight times improvement
over the Companys second-generation products.
In May 2003, the Company introduced the first family of products
based on this new technology, 48 Volt to 12 Volt Bus
Converter Modules (BCM) for conventional
Intermediate Bus Architecture applications. In July 2003, the
Company introduced its first VI
Chiptm
Voltage Transformation Module (VTM). VTMs are
designed to meet the demands of advanced Digital Signal
Processors (DSP), Field Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGA), Application Specific Integrated Circuits
(ASIC), processor cores and microprocessor
applications at the point of load (POL) while
providing isolation from input to output. They may be paralleled
to deliver hundreds of Amperes. In January 2004, the Company
announced the availability of the first members of its 48 Volt
Intermediate Bus Converter Modules (IBCs). Offered
in standard
1/4
brick format and operating from a 38-55 Volt DC input, the IBC
family consists of ten fixed ratio standard models with nominal
outputs from 3 to 48 Volt DC delivering up to 100 Amperes or 600
Watts.
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Additional VTM and BCM products were introduced throughout 2004.
At Electronica, a major electronics show and exposition held
every other year in Munich, Germany, the Company introduced a
new VI Chip-based product called the VICBrick.
This consists of a new class of VIC, the Pre-Regulator Module
(PRM), coupled with a VTM and mounted on an industry
standard
1/4
brick format printed circuit board. The PRM provides the
regulation function and, when combined with the VTM, enables
tight control of the voltage delivered to the load. The VICBrick
replicates the functionality of standard
1/4
brick DC-DC converters while offering the benefits of FPA in a
familiar and widely adopted package.
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Accessory Power System Components |
Accessory power system components, used with the Companys
component-level power converters, integrate other important
functions of the power system, facilitating the design of
complete power systems by interconnecting several modules. In
general, accessory products are used to condition the inputs and
outputs of the Companys modular power components.
VI-HAMs (Harmonic Attenuator Modules) are universal-AC-input,
power-factor-correcting front ends for use with compatible power
converters. VI-AIMs (AC Input Modules) provide input filtering,
transient protection and rectification of the AC line. VI-IAMs
(Input Attenuator Modules) provide the DC input filtering and
transient protection required in industrial and
telecommunications markets. VI-RAMs (Ripple Attenuator Modules)
condition converter module outputs for extremely low noise
systems. In 1998, the Company doubled the power capability of
its component-level AC front end, the VI-ARM (AC Rectifier
Module). This new front end product is packaged in the same
Micro package and includes a microcontroller that
tracks the AC line to ensure correct operation for domestic or
international line voltages. In addition, two accessory products
for the 48 Volt input second-generation family were introduced
in 1999: the FiltMod for input filtering and the IAM48 for
transient and spike protection.
In 2002, the MicroRAM (mRAM) was introduced. This
product, designed by the Companys Picor subsidiary,
performs a function similar to the VI-RAM product in a smaller
package at a lower price. In 2003, Picor introduced two new
families of products, the QPO
(QuietPowertm
Output Ripple Attenuation SiP) and QPI
(QuietPowertm
12 Amp Active EMI Filter for DC-DC Converters). The QPO performs
a similar function to the mRAM in a smaller, lower cost surface
mount package. Different QPO models allow customers to solve
unique output noise problems. The QPI filters unwanted
Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) from the input
supply bus. The product is targeted at the telecom market and
the emerging Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture
(ATCA) segment. In 2004, Picor expanded its QPI
product offerings to include several new products targeted at 24
Volt industrial and military COTS voltage bus supplies.
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Customer Specific Products |
Since its inception, the Company has accepted a certain amount
of custom power supply business. In most cases, the
customer was unable to obtain a conventional solution that could
achieve the desired level of performance in the available space.
By utilizing its component-level power products as core elements
in developing most of these products, the Company was able to
meet the customers needs with a reliable, high power
density, total solution. However, in keeping with the
Companys strategy of focusing on sales of standard
families of component-level power building blocks, custom
product sales have not been directly pursued. The Company has
traditionally pursued these custom opportunities through
Value-Added-Resellers (VARs) and a network of VIAs
(see Part I, Item 1
Business The Company). Most of the VIAs
are majority owned by the Company, while VARs are independent
businesses. Both VIAs and VARs are distributed geographically
and are in close proximity to many of their customers.
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European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances
(RoHS) |
The Company has elected to comply with the European Unions
(EU) directive on the use of certain hazardous
substances in electrical and electronic equipment, referred to
as RoHS or as the lead
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free directive. The Company has established a formal plan
to make Vicor products compliant with this directive ahead of
the designated July 1, 2006 deadline. Compliance will
involve working with certain suppliers and customers, may
potentially require the redesign of certain products and may
require the modification of certain manufacturing processes (see
Part I, Item I Risk Factors).
Sales and Marketing
The Company sells its products through a network of 30
independent sales representative organizations in North and
South America; internationally, 48 independent distributors are
utilized. Sales activities are managed by a staff of Regional
and Strategic Sales Managers and sales personnel based at the
Companys world headquarters in Andover, Massachusetts, its
Westcor division in Sunnyvale, California, a Technical Support
Center in Lombard, Illinois, in VIA locations in Oceanside,
California and Cedar Park, Texas, and in its Technical Support
Center subsidiaries in Munich, Germany; Camberley Surrey,
England; Milan, Italy; Paris, France; Hong Kong and Tokyo, Japan.
Export sales, as a percentage of total net revenues, were
approximately 41%, 38% and 34%, in 2004, 2003 and 2002,
respectively.
Because of the technical nature of the Companys product
lines, the Company engages a staff of Field Applications
Engineers to support the Companys sales activities. Field
Applications Engineers provide direct technical sales support
worldwide to review new applications and technical matters with
existing and potential customers. There are Field Application
Engineers assigned to all Company locations and they are
supported by product specialists (Product Line Engineers)
located in Andover. The Company generally warrants its products
for a period of two years.
The Company also sells directly to customers through Vicor
Express, an in-house distribution group. Through advertising and
periodic mailing of its catalogs, Vicor Express generally offers
customers rapid delivery on small quantities of many standard
products. The Company, through Vicor B.V., has Vicor Express
operations in Germany, France, Italy and England.
Customers and Applications
The Companys customer base is comprised of large Original
Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and smaller, lower-volume users
that are broadly distributed across several major market areas.
Some examples of the diverse applications of the Companys
products are:
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Telecommunications:
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Military/ Defense: |
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Central Office Systems
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Secure Communications Equipment |
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Fiber Optic Systems
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Unmanned Airborne/ Remotely Piloted Vehicles |
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Cellular Telecommunications
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Aircraft/Weapons Test Equipment |
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Microwave Communications
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Ruggedized Computers |
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ATM Switches
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Electronic Warfare Equipment |
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Paging Equipment
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Reconnaissance/Targeting Systems |
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Broadcast Equipment
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Global Positioning Systems |
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Remote Telemetry Equipment
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Missile Defense Systems |
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Cable Head End Equipment
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Radio/ Telemetry Systems |
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Power Amplifiers
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NBC Detection Equipment |
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Industrial:
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Information Technology: |
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Process Control Equipment
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RAID Systems |
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Medical Equipment
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Parallel Processors |
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Seismic Equipment
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Data Storage Systems |
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Test Equipment
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Network Servers |
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Transportation Systems
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Enterprise Servers |
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Agricultural Equipment
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File Servers |
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Material Handling Equipment
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Optical Switches |
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Marine Products
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Commercial Avionics
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For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, no
single customer accounted for more than 10% of net revenues.
Backlog
As of December 31, 2004, the Company had a backlog of
approximately $36.3 million compared to $37.0 million
at December 31, 2003. Backlog is comprised of orders for
products which have a scheduled shipment date within the next
12 months. The Company believes that a substantial portion
of sales in each quarter is, and will continue to be, derived
from orders booked in the same quarter.
Research and Development
As a basic element of its long-term strategy, the Company is
committed to the continued advancement of power conversion
technology and power component product development. The
Companys research and development efforts are focused in
four areas: continued enhancement of the Companys patented
technology; expansion of the Companys families of
component level DC-DC converter products; development of the new
FPA products and power management integrated circuits; and
continued development of configurable products based upon market
opportunities. The Company invested approximately
$26.2 million, $23.4 million and $20.5 million in
research and development in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Investment in research and development represented 15.3%, 15.5%
and 13.4% of net revenues in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
The Company plans to continue to invest a significant percentage
of revenues into research and development.
Manufacturing
The Companys principal manufacturing processes consist of
assembly of electronic components onto printed circuit boards,
automatic testing of components, wave, reflow and infrared
soldering of assembled components, encapsulation of converter
subassemblies, final environmental stress screening of certain
products and product test using automatic test equipment.
The Company continues to pursue its strategy to minimize manual
assembly processes, reduce manufacturing costs, increase product
quality and reliability and ensure its ability to rapidly and
effectively expand capacity, as needed. The strategy is based
upon the phased acquisition and/or fabrication, qualification
and integration of automated manufacturing equipment. The
Company plans to make continuing investments in manufacturing
equipment, particularly for the Companys new FPA products
(see Part I, Item I The
Products Factorized Power Architecture).
Components used in the Companys products are purchased
from a variety of vendors. Most of the components are available
from multiple sources. In instances of single source items, the
Company maintains levels of inventories it considers to be
appropriate to enable it to meet delivery requirements of
customers. Incoming components, assemblies and other parts are
subjected to several levels of inspection procedures.
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Compliance by the Company with applicable environmental laws has
not had a material effect on the financial condition or
operations of the Company.
Second-Generation Automated Manufacturing Line
Revenues of second-generation products increased by 16.4% in
2004 over 2003, unit production increased 13.5%, and orders
increased 7.0%. Both first-and second-generation products are
sold to similar customers. Gross margins on second-generation
products continue to be significantly lower than those of
first-generation products, principally due to high depreciation
expense associated with second-generation manufacturing
equipment. The Company made progress in 2004 with the process of
converting second-generation products to a new FasTrak platform.
This involved the installation of new automated manufacturing
equipment, which has been completed, and the qualification of
all products converted over to the new platform, which is still
in process. While the conversion of the pre-defined matrix of
second-generation products is substantially complete, the
conversion of customer-defined products is ongoing. The Company
believes that this conversion will ultimately result in lower
unit costs and improved manufacturing yields. While there was
modest improvement in second-generation gross margins in 2004,
gross margins during 2005 will continue to be negatively
impacted unless and until the Company is able to achieve higher
production volumes and attain higher yield levels and component
cost reductions on second-generation products. The Company
continues to actively work towards improving yields and reducing
the cost of components on second-generation products. There can
be no assurance that such volumes, yields or cost reductions can
be attained.
Competition
The power conversion industry is highly competitive. Many power
supply manufacturers target markets similar to those of the
Company. Representative examples of these manufacturers are:
Lambda Electronics, a subsidiary of Invensys, plc; the former
Power Systems business unit of Lucent Technologies, now a
subsidiary of Tyco International, Ltd.; Artesyn Technologies;
Astec Power, a subsidiary of Emerson Electronic Company;
Power-One, Inc.; and C&D Technologies, Inc., Power
Electronics Division. Although certain of the Companys
competitors have significantly greater financial and marketing
resources and longer operating histories than the Company, the
Company believes that it has a strong competitive position,
particularly with customers who need small, high density power
system solutions requiring a variety of input-output
configurations. The Company bases its competitive strategy on
technical innovation, product performance, service and technical
support, and in offering a broad product line. The principal
methods of competition in the markets in which the
Companys products compete are price, performance and the
level of service and technical support offered.
Patents
The Company believes that its patents afford advantages by
building fundamental and multilayered barriers to competitive
encroachment upon key features and performance benefits of its
principal product families. The Companys patents cover the
fundamental conversion topologies used to achieve the
performance attributes of its converter product lines; converter
array architectures which are the basis of the products
parallelability; product packaging design; product
construction; high frequency magnetic structures; and automated
equipment and methods for circuit and product assembly.
On February 16, 1999, the United States Patent and
Trademark Office issued U.S. patent RE36,098 (the
Reissue Patent) as a reissue of U.S. Patent
4,441,146 (the Reset Patent). The Reissue Patent
includes original claims 1 through 5 of the Reset Patent plus 38
additional new claims. The claims in the Reissue Patent cover
non-coincident active clamp technology in a broadly defined
class of single-ended forward converters and enable design of
power converters which are smaller and more energy efficient
than conventional power supplies. The claims cover, but are not
limited to, so-called zero-voltage switching
technology. The Company believes that its rights under the Reset
Patent and the Reissue Patent have been infringed. The Company
intends to vigorously protect its rights under its patents (see
Part I, Item 3 Legal
Proceedings).
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The Company has been issued 87 patents in the United States
(which expire between 2005 and 2022), 34 in Europe (which expire
between 2006 and 2017), and 25 in Japan (which expire between
2005 and 2016). The Company also has a number of patent
applications pending in the United States, Europe and the Far
East. Although the Company believes that patents are an
effective way of protecting its technology, there can be no
assurances that the Companys patents will prove to be
enforceable (see, e.g., Part I, Item 3
Legal Proceedings). While some of the Companys
patents are deemed materially important to the Companys
operations, the Company believes that no one patent is essential
to the success of the Company.
Licensing
In addition to generating revenue from product sales, licensing
is an element of the Companys strategy for building
worldwide product and technology acceptance and market share. In
granting licenses, the Company generally retains the right to
use its patented technologies, and manufacture and sell its
products, in all licensed geographic areas and fields of use.
Licenses are granted and administered through the Companys
wholly-owned subsidiary, VLT, Inc., which owns the
Companys patents. Revenues from licensing arrangements
have not exceeded 10% of the Companys consolidated
revenues in any of the last three fiscal years.
On March 28, 2001, the Company announced that its
wholly-owned subsidiaries, Vicor Hong Kong Ltd.
(VHK) and VLT, Inc. (VLT), had entered
into cooperative agreements with Nagano Japan Radio Company,
Ltd. (NJRC). On March 18, 2003, NJRC gave VHK
and VLT notice of termination of the agreements, effective
September 18, 2003. In January 2004, the Company received a
final royalty payment from NJRC.
On October 20, 2003, the Company announced that it entered
into a non-exclusive license with Celestica Corporation to
manufacture and sell the VI Chip Product Family. VI
Chips are the building blocks of the new FPA products that Vicor
announced in April 2003. In September 2004, the Company was
notified that Celesticas Power Systems division had been
acquired by C&D Technologies, Inc. and that the license was
being assigned to C&D.
On June 30, 2004, the Company announced that it had entered
into a non-exclusive license with Sony Corporation
(Sony) to design and manufacture power converters,
using VI Chip technology and Factorized Power, for use
within its products and for sale to its customers in certain
agreed-upon applications. The license also grants Sony rights to
manufacture certain semiconductor components that are used in
VI Chips. Royalties are based upon the value of the
licensed converters used or sold.
Employees
As of December 31, 2004, the Company employed approximately
1,140 full time and 40 part time people. The Company believes
that its continued success depends, in part, on its ability to
attract and retain qualified personnel. Although there is strong
demand for qualified technical personnel, the Company has not to
date experienced difficulty in attracting and retaining
sufficient engineering and technical personnel to meet its needs
(see Part I, Item I Risk
Factors).
None of the Companys employees are subject to a collective
bargaining agreement.
Risk Factors
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Actual results
could differ materially from those projected in the
forward-looking statements as a result of, among other factors,
the risk factors set forth below.
8
|
|
|
Our future success depends upon our ability to develop and
market leading-edge, cost effective products. |
The power supply industry and the industries in which many of
our customers operate are characterized by intense competition,
rapid technological change, product obsolescence and price
erosion for mature products, each of which could have an adverse
effect on the Companys results of operations. The failure
of the Company to continue to develop and commercialize
leading-edge technologies and products that are cost effective
and maintain high standards of quality could have a material
adverse affect on the Companys competitive position and
results of operations. Specifically, the Company may not be
successful in leveraging the VI Chips in standard products
to promote market acceptance of Factorized Power.
|
|
|
Our future operating results are dependent on the growth
in our customers businesses. |
The Company manufactures modular power components and power
systems that are incorporated into its customers
electronic products. The Companys growth is therefore
dependent on the growth in the sales of its customers
products as well as the development by its customers of new
products. The failure of the Company to anticipate changes in
our customers businesses and their changing product needs
could negatively impact our financial position.
|
|
|
Our conversion of second-generation products to the
FasTrak platform may not progress as planned. |
The Company made progress in 2004 with the process of converting
second-generation products to a new FasTrak platform. This
involved the installation of new automated manufacturing
equipment, which has been completed, and the qualification of
all products converted over to the new platform, which is still
in process. While the conversion of the pre-defined matrix of
second-generation products is substantially complete, the
conversion of customer-defined products is ongoing. The Company
believes that this conversion will ultimately result in lower
unit costs and improved manufacturing yields, while supporting
the worldwide Restriction of Hazardous Substances
(RoHS) initiative. There can be no assurance that
the qualification of remaining products will be completed as
scheduled or that the expected results of the conversion of
second-generation products to the FasTrak platform will be
achieved. In addition, the process of conversion could result in
excess supplies of raw materials that are no longer needed for
the converted products. Additional inventory reserves could be
required for potentially slow moving or obsolete inventory which
could negatively impact the Companys future operating
results. Also, once the conversion is completed, certain
second-generation automated manufacturing equipment may have
little or no future use. This may result in the impairment of
any remaining net book value of those assets. During the second
and third quarters of 2004, the useful lives of certain
equipment in connection with the conversion were shortened,
which resulted in higher depreciation expense on this equipment
in 2004.
|
|
|
Our revenues may not increase enough to offset the expense
of additional capacity. |
The Company has made significant additions to its manufacturing
equipment and capacity over the past several years, including
equipment for the new FasTrak platform. If revenue levels do not
increase enough to offset the increased fixed costs or if there
is deterioration in the Companys business, the
Companys future operating results could be adversely
affected. In addition, asset values could be impaired if the
additional capacity is underutilized for an extended period of
time.
|
|
|
We rely on third-party suppliers and subcontractors for
components and assemblies and, therefore, cannot control their
availability or quality. |
The Company depends on third party suppliers and subcontractors
to provide components and assemblies used in our products. If
suppliers or subcontractors cannot provide their products or
services on time or to our specifications, the Company may not
be able to meet the demand for its products, or it may
negatively affect delivery times. In addition, the Company
cannot directly control the quality of the products and services
provided by third parties. In order to grow, the Company may
need to find new or
9
change existing suppliers and subcontractors. This could cause
disruptions in production, delays in the shipping of product or
increases in prices paid to third-parties.
|
|
|
We are exposed to economic, political and other risks
through our foreign sales and distributors. |
International sales have been and are expected to be a
significant component of total sales. Dependence on foreign
third parties for sales and distribution is subject to special
risks, such as foreign economic and political instability,
foreign currency controls and market fluctuations, trade
barriers and tariffs, foreign regulations and exchange rates.
Sudden or unexpected changes in the foregoing could have a
material adverse effect on the Companys results of
operations.
|
|
|
Our ability to successfully implement our business
strategy may be limited if we do not retain our key
personnel. |
The Companys success depends on our ability to retain the
services of our executive officers. The loss of one or more
members of senior management could materially adversely affect
the Companys business and financial results. In
particular, the Company is dependent on the services of
Dr. Patrizio Vinciarelli, its founder, Chairman, President
and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of
Dr. Vinciarelli could have a material adverse effect on the
Companys development of new products and on its results of
operations. In addition, the Company depends on highly skilled
engineers and other personnel with technical skills that are in
high demand and are difficult to replace. The Companys
continued operations and growth depends on its ability to
attract and retain highly qualified employees in a very
competitive employment market.
|
|
|
We may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary
rights, which may limit our ability to compete
effectively. |
The Company operates in an industry in which the ability to
compete depends on the development or acquisition of proprietary
technologies which must be protected to preserve the exclusive
use of such technologies. The Company devotes substantial
resources to establish and protect our patents and proprietary
rights, and the Company relies on patent and intellectual
property law to protect such rights. This protection, however,
may not prevent competitors from independently developing
products similar or superior to the Companys products. The
Company may be unable to protect or enforce current patents, may
rely on unpatented technology that competitors could restrict,
or may be unable to acquire patents in the future, and this may
have a material adverse affect on the Companys competitive
position. In addition, the intellectual property laws of foreign
countries may not protect the Companys rights to the same
extent as those of the United States. The Company has been and
may need to continue to defend or challenge patents. The Company
has incurred and expects to incur significant costs in and
devote significant resources to these efforts which, if
unsuccessful, may have a material adverse effect on its results
of operations and financial position.
|
|
|
Our revenues and operating results have been negatively
impacted by the general business slowdown, and our outlook going
forward remains highly uncertain. |
The Company is exposed to general economic conditions which
could have a material adverse impact on its business, operating
results and financial condition. As a result of the continued
general economic slowdown in the major electronics markets,
particularly in the communications markets, the Companys
net revenues in 2004, while up approximately 13% and 12% as
compared to 2003 and 2002, respectively, are still significantly
less than revenues in 2001. The Company remains uncertain
whether there will be any significant improvement in general
economic conditions in 2005, and there can be no assurance that
we will be successful in managing our expenses in light of
customer demand.
10
|
|
|
Compliance with the European Union Restriction of
Hazardous Substances (RoHS) may not proceed as
planned. |
The Company has elected to comply with the European Unions
(EU) directive on the use of certain hazardous
substances in electrical and electronic equipment, referred to
as RoHS or as the lead free directive. The Company
has established a formal plan to make Vicor products compliant
with this directive ahead of the designated July 1, 2006
deadline. Compliance will involve working with certain suppliers
and customers, may potentially require the redesign of certain
products and may require the modification of certain
manufacturing processes. As a result, the following situations
could negatively impact our results of operations:
|
|
|
| |
|
Suppliers cannot meet the new requirements or meet the specified
deadlines, and the Company may not be able to meet the demand
for its products, or it may negatively affect delivery times. |
| |
| |
|
Customers mandate that their suppliers comply with the RoHS
directive at an earlier date than July 1, 2006, and the
Company may not be able to meet their requirements. |
| |
| |
|
Customers mandate that they will not accept RoHS directive
compliant product, and such requirements could significantly
increase the cost of maintaining business with these customers. |
| |
| |
|
The redesign of products may not proceed as planned, or may be
determined to not be feasible for certain products. |
| |
| |
|
The modification of manufacturing processes may require the
additional investment in equipment, which will increase
operating expenses. |
| |
| |
|
The conversion over to compliant materials could result in
excess supplies of raw materials that are no longer needed for
non-compliant products. Additional inventory reserves could be
required for such excess materials. |
The Companys corporate headquarters building, which the
Company owns and which is located in Andover, Massachusetts,
provides approximately 90,000 square feet of office space
for its sales, marketing, engineering and administration
personnel.
The Company also owns a building of approximately
230,000 square feet in Andover, Massachusetts, which houses
all Massachusetts manufacturing activities.
The Companys Westcor division owns and occupies a building
of approximately 31,000 square feet in Sunnyvale,
California.
|
|
| ITEM 3 |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
The Company was engaged in litigation with Exar Corporation
(Exar), a former vendor, who had filed a complaint
against the Company in the Superior Court of the State of
California, County of Alameda (the Superior Court).
In addition, the Superior Court granted the Companys
motion to add as third party defendants to the case, Rohm Co.
Ltd., Rohm Corporation and Rohm Device U.S.A., LLC (Rohm
Entities). Effective July 8, 2004, Vicor, Exar and
the Rohm Entities entered into a Settlement Agreement and Mutual
Limited Releases, resulting in the entry of a dismissal with
prejudice by the Superior Court on July 20, 2004. As a
result, the Company recorded a non-recurring $800,000 reduction
in an accrual recorded through cost of sales associated with the
litigation during the second quarter of 2004.
Vicor and VLT, Inc. (VLT), a wholly owned subsidiary
of the Company, are pursuing Reset Patent infringement claims
directly against Artesyn Technologies, Lambda Electronics,
Lucent Technologies and Tyco Electronics Power Systems, Inc in
the United States District Court in Boston, Massachusetts. The
lawsuit against Lucent was filed in May 2000 and the lawsuits
against the other defendants were filed in February and March
2001. In January 2003, the District Court issued a pre-trial
decision in each of these patent infringement lawsuits and a
patent infringement lawsuit that was pending against Power-One,
Inc.,
11
relating to claim construction of the Reset Patent. The District
Courts decisions rejected assertions that the Reset Patent
claims are invalid for indefiniteness; and affirmed Vicors
interpretation of several terms used in the Reset Patent claims.
However, the District Court adopted interpretations of certain
terms of the Reset Patent claims that are contrary to
Vicors position. On May 24, 2004, the United States
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the decisions
issued in January 2003 by the District Court. Vicor believes
that the District Courts decisions, and the affirmation of
these decisions by the Federal Circuit, strengthens its position
regarding validity of the patent, but reduces the cumulative
amount of infringing power supplies and the corresponding amount
of potential damages. The Federal Circuit has referred the
proceedings back to the District Court for trials on validity of
the Reset Patent and infringement and damages by the defendants.
The District Court has not yet set dates for these trials. There
can be no assurance that Vicor and VLT will ultimately prevail
with respect to any of these claims or, if they prevail, as to
the amount of damages that would be awarded.
In May 2004, Ericsson Wireless Communications, Inc. v. Vicor
Corporation was filed in Superior Court of the State of
California, County of San Diego. The plaintiff has brought
an action against the Company claiming unspecified damages for
failure of out-of warranty products previously purchased by it
from the Company. In November 2004, Ericsson filed a First
Amended Complaint adding claims against Exar Corporation, a
former vendor of the Company. The Company denies the claims made
against it, and intends to defend the action vigorously.
On March 4, 2005, Exar filed a declaratory judgment action
against Vicor in the Superior Court of the State of California,
County of Santa Clara, in which Exar seeks a declaration by
the Court that Exar is not obligated to reimburse or indemnify
Vicor for any claims brought against Vicor for alleged damages
incurred as a result of the use of Exar components in Vicor
products. Vicor intends to vigorously defend the declaratory
judgment action.
In addition, the Company is involved in certain other litigation
incidental to the conduct of its business. While the outcome of
lawsuits against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty,
management does not expect any current litigation to have a
material adverse impact on the Companys financial position
or results of operations.
|
|
| ITEM 4 |
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
None.
PART II
|
|
| ITEM 5 |
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
The Common Stock of the Company is listed on The Nasdaq Stock
Market under the trading symbol VICR. The
Class B Common Stock of the Company is not traded on any
market and is subject to restrictions on transfer under the
Companys Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended.
The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low sales
prices for the Common Stock as reported by The Nasdaq Stock
Market for the periods indicated:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2003 |
|
High | |
|
Low | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
First Quarter
|
|
$ |
8.93 |
|
|
$ |
5.55 |
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
10.40 |
|
|
|
5.50 |
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
12.64 |
|
|
|
8.58 |
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
12.43 |
|
|
|
9.50 |
|
12
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2004 |
|
High | |
|
Low | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
$ |
13.98 |
|
|
$ |
10.62 |
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
19.20 |
|
|
|
12.28 |
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
18.59 |
|
|
|
9.93 |
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
13.57 |
|
|
|
8.54 |
|
As of February 28, 2005, there were approximately 330
holders of record of the Companys Common Stock and
approximately 21 holders of record of the Companys
Class B Common Stock. These numbers do not reflect persons
or entities that hold their stock in nominee or street
name through various brokerage firms.
Dividend Policy
Dividends are declared at the discretion of the Companys
Board of Directors and depend on actual cash from operations,
the Companys financial condition and capital requirements
and any other factors the Companys Board of Directors may
consider relevant.
On July 22, 2004, the Companys Board of Directors
approved a cash dividend for 2004 of $.08 per share of the
Companys stock. The total dividend of approximately
$3,371,000 was paid on August 31, 2004 to shareholders of
record at the close of business on August 11, 2004.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum | |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number (or | |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approximate | |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Number of | |
|
Dollar Value) of | |
| |
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Shares (or Units) | |
|
Shares (or Units) | |
| |
|
Number | |
|
|
|
Purchased as | |
|
that May Yet be | |
| |
|
of Shares | |
|
|
|
Part of Publicly | |
|
Purchased Under | |
| |
|
(or Units) | |
|
Average Price Paid | |
|
Announced Plans | |
|
the Plans or | |
| Period |
|
Purchased | |
|
per Share (or Unit) | |
|
or Programs | |
|
Programs | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
October 1 31, 2004
|
|
|
54,400 |
|
|
$ |
8.87 |
|
|
|
54,400 |
|
|
$ |
24,920,000 |
|
|
November 1 30, 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
24,920,000 |
|
|
December 1 31, 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
24,920,000 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
54,400 |
|
|
$ |
8.87 |
|
|
|
54,400 |
|
|
$ |
24,920,000 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In November 2000, the Board of Directors of the Company
authorized the repurchase of up to $30,000,000 of the
Companys Common Stock.
|
|
| ITEM 6 |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
The following selected consolidated financial data with respect
to the Companys statements of operations for the years
ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 and with respect to
the Companys balance sheets as of December 31, 2004
and 2003 are derived from the Companys consolidated
financial statements, which appear elsewhere in this report and
which have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, the
Companys independent registered public accounting firm.
The following selected consolidated financial data with respect
to the Companys statements of operations for the years
ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 and with respect to the
Companys balance sheets as of December 31, 2002, 2001
and 2000 are derived from the Companys audited
consolidated financial statements, which are not included
herein. The
13
data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements, related notes and other financial
information included herein.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
| Statement of Operations Data |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2000 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(In thousands except per share data) | |
|
Net revenues
|
|
$ |
171,580 |
|
|
$ |
151,421 |
|
|
$ |
152,591 |
|
|
$ |
195,910 |
|
|
$ |
257,583 |
|
|
(Loss) income from operations
|
|
|
(4,035 |
) |
|
|
(25,703 |
) |
|
|
(24,502 |
) |
|
|
(5,017 |
) |
|
|
46,010 |
|
|
Net (loss) income
|
|
|
(3,723 |
) |
|
|
(19,535 |
) |
|
|
(15,942 |
) |
|
|
(559 |
) |
|
|
33,920 |
|
|
Net (loss) income per share-basic
|
|
|
(.09 |
) |
|
|
(.47 |
) |
|
|
(.38 |
) |
|
|
(.01 |
) |
|
|
.80 |
|
|
Net (loss) income per share-diluted
|
|
|
(.09 |
) |
|
|
(.47 |
) |
|
|
(.38 |
) |
|
|
(.01 |
) |
|
|
.78 |
|
|
Weighted average shares-basic
|
|
|
42,022 |
|
|
|
41,896 |
|
|
|
42,337 |
|
|
|
42,342 |
|
|
|
42,276 |
|
|
Weighted average shares-diluted
|
|
|
42,022 |
|
|
|
41,896 |
|
|
|
42,337 |
|
|
|
42,342 |
|
|
|
43,265 |
|
|
Cash dividends per share
|
|
$ |
.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
At December 31, | |
| |
|
| |
| Balance Sheet Data |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2000 | |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |
|
(In thousands) | |
|
Working capital
|
|
$ |
148,419 |
|
|
$ |
141,547 |
|
|
$ |
153,167 |
|
|
$ |
153,478 |
|
|
$ |
146,692 |
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
244,882 |
|
|
|
251,464 |
|
|
|
278,445 |
|
|
|
289,622 |
|
|
|