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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period
from to |
Commission file number 000-26124
IXYS Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware |
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77-0140882 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
3540 Bassett Street
Santa Clara, California 95054-2704
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(408) 982-0700
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
Common stock, par value $.01 per share
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K or any amendment to this Annual
Report on
Form 10-K. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes þ No o
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the
last sale price on the Nasdaq National Market on
September 30, 2004, was approximately $188,753,476. The
number of shares of the Registrants Common Stock
outstanding as of May 16, 2005 was 33,360,205.
Documents Incorporated
by Reference
Portions of the Registrants proxy statement relating to
its annual meeting of stockholders to follow its fiscal year
ended March 31, 2005, to be filed subsequently
Part III.
IXYS CORPORATION
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking
statements that include, but are not limited to, statements
concerning projected revenues, expenses, gross profit and
income, the need for additional capital and the outcome of
pending litigation. These forward-looking statements are based
on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our
industry, managements beliefs, and certain assumptions
made by us. In some cases, these statements may be identified by
terminology such as may, will,
should, expects, plans,
anticipates, believes,
estimates, predicts,
potential, or continue or the negative
of such terms and other comparable expressions. These statements
involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause
our results, levels of activity, performance or achievements or
our industry to be materially different than those expressed or
implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that may
cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not
limited to, our ability to compete successfully in our industry,
to continue to develop new products on a timely basis,
cancellation of customer orders, and other factors discussed
below and under the caption Risk Factors in
Item 7. We disclaim any obligation to update any of the
forward-looking statements contained in this report to reflect
any future events or developments.
PART I
We are a multi-market integrated semiconductor company. We
specialize in the development, manufacture and marketing of high
performance power semiconductors, advanced mixed signal
integrated circuits, or ICs, and radio frequency, or RF, power
transistors and systems. Our power semiconductors improve system
efficiency and reliability by converting electricity at
relatively high voltage and current levels into the finely
regulated power required by electronic products. We focus on the
market for power semiconductors that are capable of processing
greater than 200 watts of power.
Our power semiconductor products have historically been divided
into two primary categories, power MOS, or metal oxide silicon,
and power bipolar products. Our power semiconductors are sold as
individual units and are also packaged in high power modules
that frequently consist of multiple semiconductor die. In fiscal
2005, power semiconductors constituted approximately 74.2% of
our revenues, which included 38.3% from power MOS transistors
and 35.9% from bipolar products.
We design and sell integrated circuits, or ICs, that have
applications in telecommunications, display products, and power
management. In our fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, or
fiscal 2005, ICs constituted approximately 15.9% of our revenues.
We also design and sell RF power devices that switch electricity
at the high rates required by circuitry that generates radio
frequencies.
IXYSs power semiconductor products are used primarily to
control electricity in:
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power conversion systems, including uninterruptible power
supplies, or UPS, and switch mode power supplies, or SMPS, for
communications infrastructure applications such as wireless base
stations, network servers and telecommunication switching
stations; |
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motor drives for industrial applications such as industrial
transportation, robotics, automation, and process control
equipment; |
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plasma display panels; |
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medical electronics for sophisticated applications, such as
defibrillators and MRI and CT equipment; and |
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renewable energy sources like wind turbines and solar systems. |
Our mixed signal ICs are used in telecommunications products,
central office switching equipment, customer premises equipment,
set top boxes, remote meter reading equipment, security systems,
advanced flat
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displays, medical electronics and defense aerospace systems. Our
RF power devices are used in wireless infrastructure, industrial
RF applications, medical systems and defense and space
electronics.
We design our products primarily for industrial and business
applications, rather than for use in personal computers or
mobile phones. In fiscal 2005, we sold our products to over
2,000 customers worldwide. Our major customers include ABB,
Astec, Delta Electronics, Eupec, General Electric, Guidant,
Huawei, LG, Medtronics, Samsung, Siemens and Still. In many
cases, our customers incorporate our products into systems sold
to their own customers, which include Ericsson, General
Electric, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Motorola and Sun Microsystems.
We are organized as a Delaware corporation. Our predecessor was
incorporated in 1983.
Background
The worldwide demand for electrical energy is currently
increasing due to:
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proliferation of technology-driven products that require
electricity, including computers, telecommunications equipment
and the infrastructure to support portable electronics; |
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increased use of electronic content in traditional products such
as airplanes, automobiles and home appliances; |
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increased use of automation and electrical processes in industry
and mass transit systems; |
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the growth of the Internet and mobile telecommunications
demand; and |
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penetration of technology into developing countries. |
Not only is demand increasing, but the requirements for
electricity are also changing. Electronic products in all
markets are becoming increasingly sophisticated, offering more
intelligence through the use of microprocessors and
additional solid-state components. The increasing complexity of
such products requires more precisely regulated power quality
and greater power reliability. In addition, the increasing costs
of electricity, coupled with governmental regulations and
environmental concerns, have caused an increased demand for
energy efficiency.
Power semiconductors are used to provide the precisely regulated
power required by sophisticated electronic products and
equipment and address the growing demand for energy efficiency.
In most cases, power semiconductors:
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convert or rectify alternating current, or AC, power
delivered by electrical utilities to the direct current, or DC,
power that is required by most electronic equipment; |
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convert DC power at a certain voltage level to DC power at a
different voltage level to meet the specific voltage requirement
for an application; |
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invert DC power to high frequency AC power to permit the
processing of power using substantially smaller electronic
components; or |
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rectify high frequency AC power from switch mode power supplies
to meet the specific DC voltage required by an application. |
The more sophisticated the end product, the greater the need for
specially formatted, finely regulated power, and the greater the
need for a high performance power semiconductor.
Power semiconductors improve system efficiency and reliability
by processing and converting electrical energy into more usable,
higher quality power. Specifically, power semiconductors are
used primarily in controlling energy in power conversion
systems, including switch-mode power supplies or uninterruptible
power supplies, and motor drive controls. Switch-mode power
supplies efficiently convert power to meet the specific voltage
requirements of an application, such as communications
equipment. Uninterruptible power supplies provide a short-term
backup of electricity in the event of power failure. Motor drive
controls regulate the voltage, current and frequency of power to
a motor.
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With the growth in telecommunications, data communications and
wireless communications, the demand for analog and mixed signal
ICs and RF power semiconductors has grown. Our mixed signal ICs
address the interface between telecommunication and data
communication components, both in the central office and in
gateway applications, especially with the increased use of the
Internet protocol, or IP. Our RF power semiconductors are used
in wireless infrastructure and in other microwave communication
applications. Technical advancement in the communication
industries is expected to drive the demand for higher
performance semiconductors.
Market Size and Trends
The primary markets we serve are characterized by complex
technological development and higher power level requirements.
We believe the following key trends are driving the demand for
our products:
Growth in communications devices and infrastructure. The
worldwide communications industry has experienced rapid growth
in the last decade, fueled largely by growth in the Internet and
in wireless communication, deregulation, competition,
privatization and technological advances, including the
convergence of voice, video and data communication. The
proliferation of electronic devices and the infrastructure to
support them is resulting in increasing power level requirements
and the demand for greater power reliability, as well as the
need for efficient solid state analog and mixed signal devices
that address the interface between telecommunication and data
communication components.
Increased demand for energy efficiency in motor drives.
Electric motors consume approximately one-half of the
worlds electricity. Due to costs and complexity, motor
controls that permit variable speed operation, which in turn
reduce energy consumption, have been predominantly used only in
higher-end applications. However, recent advancements in power
management enable more cost-effective, variable speed motor
controls, which enhance energy efficiency and improve
performance in a wide range of industrial and commercial
applications, such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning
systems.
Emergence of new applications in medical electronics.
Continued advancements in medical technologies are resulting in
more sophisticated medical electronic devices. Power
semiconductors can greatly reduce the size of equipment and
improve the precision of medical measurements and functionality.
They have enabled cardiac defibrillators to become much smaller
and more portable, improving the ability to install these
devices in more non-medical establishments, such as airplanes
and office buildings. Medical imaging systems, such as
ultrasound and MRI, require high performance mixed signal ICs
and RF power semiconductors to meet the technical requirements
of the marketplace.
Development of new technologies for power management. New
technologies, such as the use of RF for nontraditional power
applications, are opening new markets for power semiconductors.
For example, RF-based semiconductor production equipment is
migrating to high frequency power MOS transistors from
traditional RF tubes. Additionally, material science
developments, such as gallium arsenide, are enabling the
production of power management products with higher power
density, such as those required for wireless base stations.
Demand for increasing power density. The need for higher
levels of power in end use applications is causing purchasers of
power semiconductors to demand more power for their applications
from the same physical space. In the communications industry,
the growth in bandwidth demands is requiring communications
equipment providers to add more equipment or more powerful
equipment to confined spaces in highly populated areas. As a
result, power semiconductor manufacturers are being required to
design and produce products that enable their customers to
expand power levels without expanding product footprints, or
maintaining levels of power while shrinking product footprints.
Demand for new display technologies. The demand for flat
and large televisions with better contrast ratio than that of
LCD technology drives the demand for plasma display televisions,
which demand high voltage power MOSFETs for plasma display
control. Brighter and energy efficient flat panel displays for
portable telephones and PDAs drive the demand for new ICs that
control electronic ink-based displays.
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IXYSs Strategy
We focus on meeting the needs of the high power, high
performance segment of the power semiconductor market, serving
it with our advanced power and IC technologies. We have
diversified our business to introduce products into new markets,
with an objective to achieve faster revenue growth than our
competitors, while stabilizing the business and providing
sustained growth. We intend to continue building a leading
position within our targeted segments of these markets by
pursuing the following strategies:
Maintain technological focus on high power, high performance
markets. Our technological expertise enables us to focus on
the high power, high performance markets. Due to technological
complexities, fewer industry players compete in these markets,
resulting in a more favorable competitive environment for us. We
believe our technological expertise differentiates us from most
of our competitors. This expertise encompasses a wide range of
scientific disciplines and technical capabilities, including
physics, mechanical engineering, chemistry, circuit design,
material science and packaging. Using our technological
expertise, we continually strive to introduce innovative
products.
Target rapid growth. We select the specific markets where
we intend to compete by evaluating their potential growth, our
ability to establish an advantage based upon our technological
capabilities and the performance of competing products.
Focus on niche markets. We focus on niche markets that
are not adequately addressed by our larger competitors. Our
larger competitors are often not flexible enough to address
niche markets and smaller customers. We focus on these markets
and customers, providing them with products configured to meet
their specific needs.
Continue to diversify markets, customers and products. We
believe that diversifying the markets and customers we serve and
the products we produce enables us to reduce the traditional
cyclical effects of the semiconductor industry on our business.
We have a significant market presence in Europe, North America
and Asia, the three principal geographic markets for high
performance power semiconductors. Moreover, our products are
used in a broad range of applications, from communications
infrastructure to industrial automation to medical electronics,
thereby reducing our reliance on customers from any particular
industry. Our product line spans a broad range of functionality
and price, which allows us to provide an appropriate solution to
most of our customers power semiconductor needs.
Pursue selective acquisition and investment strategy. We
seek to access additional technological capabilities and
complementary product lines through selective acquisitions and
strategic investments, with the goal of integrating acquisitions
into our business. For example, through the acquisition of
Clare, Inc., we expanded our product offerings into the
semiconductor segment of the market that replaces
electromagnetic relays, or EMRs, with solid-state relays, or
SSRs. The semiconductor products acquired with Clare are capable
of integrating a number of functions previously provided by
discrete components into one package and include product
applications such as modem interfaces to the Internet, cable set
top boxes, and voice over Internet protocol, or VOIP,
applications, as well as mixed signal ASICs for the medical,
flat display and military markets. Through another acquisition,
we substantially increased our RF power products, by acquiring a
product line of gallium arsenide devices that are useful in the
amplification or reception of RF in wireless, medical, defense
and space applications.
Collaborate with select companies on product development.
We seek to enter into collaborative arrangements with existing
and potential customers in attractive end user markets in order
to optimize our products for their use. For example, we
partnered with manufacturers of portable defibrillators at an
early stage in the development of this market, and we have
become a leading supplier of power semiconductors for these
devices.
Optimize mix between internal and external manufacturing.
We intend to continue using both internal wafer fabrication
facilities and our external foundry relationships. We also seek
to balance our product assembly through multiple sourcing
relationships. We believe these strategies enable us to maximize
our manufacturing efficiency and flexibility. We also believe
that our internal manufacturing capabilities enable us to lower
our manufacturing cost with respect to certain products, bring
products to market more quickly than
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would be possible if we were required to rely exclusively on
external foundries, retain certain proprietary aspects of our
process technology and more quickly introduce new process and
product innovations through close collaboration between our
design and process engineers. Our alliances with external
foundries and assembly subcontractors allow us to substantially
reduce capital spending and manufacturing overhead expenses,
obtain competitive pricing and technologies and expand
manufacturing capacity more rapidly than could be achieved with
internal facilities alone.
Power Semiconductors
Our power semiconductor products have historically been divided
into two primary categories, power MOS transistors and bipolar
products. Our power semiconductors are sold separately and are
also packaged in high power modules that frequently consist of
multiple semiconductor dies. In fiscal year 2005, power
semiconductors constituted approximately 74.2% of our revenues,
which included about 38.3% from power MOS transistors and about
35.9% from bipolar products. In fiscal 2004, power
semiconductors constituted approximately 74.3% of our revenues,
which included about 31.4% from power MOS transistors and about
42.9% from bipolar products. In fiscal 2003, power
semiconductors constituted approximately 78.2% of our revenues,
which included about 29.7% from power MOS transistors and about
48.5% from bipolar products.
Power MOS transistors operate at much greater switching speeds,
allowing the design of smaller and less costly end products.
Power MOS transistors are activated by voltage rather than
current, so they require less external circuitry to operate,
making them more compatible with ICs controls. Power MOS
transistors also offer more reliable long-term performance and
are more rugged than traditional bipolar transistors, permitting
them to better withstand adverse operating conditions. Our power
MOS transistors consist of power MOSFETs and IGBTs.
A power MOSFET, or metal oxide silicon field effect transistor,
is a switch controlled by voltage at the gate. Power MOSFETs are
used in combination with passive components to vary the amperage
and frequency of electricity by switching on and off at high
frequency.
Our power MOSFETs are used primarily in power conversion systems
and are focused on higher voltage applications ranging from 60
to 1,700 volts. Our power MOSFETs have on-state resistance among
the lowest available for a given die size and voltage. Lower
on-state resistance results in increased efficiency in a power
device. We believe that as the power requirements of servers,
base stations and other computers increase as the result of
larger and more powerful processors and memory systems, the
designers of power supplies will increasingly demand higher
power density. MOSFETs accommodate this need by providing higher
power with higher efficiency and by reducing the physical size
of the power supplies incorporated into such equipment.
IGBTs, or insulated gate bipolar transistors, also are used as
switches. IGBTs have achieved many of the advantages of power
MOSFETs and of traditional bipolar technology by combining the
voltage controlled switching features of power MOSFETs with the
superior conductivity and energy efficiency of bipolar
transistors. For a given semiconductor die size, IGBTs can
operate at higher currents and voltages, making them a more
cost-effective device for high energy applications than power
MOSFETs.
Since inception, we have developed IGBTs for high voltage
applications. Our current products are focused on voltage
applications ranging from 300 volts to 2,500 volts. Our IGBTs
are used principally in AC motor drives, power systems and
defibrillators.
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Bipolar products are also used to process electricity, but are
activated by current rather than voltage. Bipolar products are
capable of switching electricity at substantially higher power
levels than power MOS transistors. However, switching speeds of
bipolar products are slower than those of power MOS transistors
and, as a result, bipolar products are preferred where very high
power is required. Our bipolar products consist of rectifiers
and thyristors.
Rectifiers convert AC power to DC power and are used primarily
in input and output rectification and inverters. Our rectifiers
are used in DC and AC motor drives, power supplies, lighting and
heating controls and welding equipment.
A subset of our rectifier product group is a very fast switching
device known as a FRED, or fast recovery epitaxial diode. FREDs
limit spikes in voltage across the power switch to reduce power
dissipation and electromagnetic interference. Our FREDs are used
principally in AC motor drives and power supplies.
Thyristors are switches that can be turned on by a controlled
signal and turned off only when the output current is reduced to
zero, which occurs in the flow of AC power. Thyristors are
preferred over power MOSFETs and IGBTs in high voltage, low
frequency AC applications because their on-state resistance is
lower than the on state resistance of power MOSFETs and IGBTs.
Our thyristors are used in motor drives, defibrillators, power
supplies, lighting and heating controls and welding.
Integrated Circuits
Our integrated circuits address the demand for analog and mixed
signal interface solutions in the communication and other
industries, mixed signal application specific ICs designed for
specific customers as well as standard products, and power
management and control. ICs accounted for 15.9% of our revenues
in fiscal 2005, 17.6% in fiscal 2004 and 19.3% in fiscal 2003.
We manufacture solid-state relays, or SSRs, that isolate the low
current communication signal from the higher power circuit,
while also switching to control the flow of current. Our SSRs,
which include high voltage analog components, optocouplers and
integrated packages, are utilized principally in
telecommunication and video and data communication applications,
as well as instrumentation, industrial control, and aerospace
and automotive applications.
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LCAS and DAA integrated products. |
A line card access switch, or LCAS, is a solid-state solution
for a switching function traditionally performed by
electromagnetic devices. Our LCAS products are used in central
office switching applications to enable data and voice
telephony. Data access arrangements, or DAAs, integrate a number
of discrete components and are principally used in analog data
communications that interface with telephone network
applications. Our
Litelinktm
products are DAAs for applications such as VOIP, wired
communication lines and set top boxes.
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Application Specific Integrated Circuits. |
We design high voltage, analog and mixed signal application
specific integrated circuits, or ASICs, for a variety of
applications. Applying our technological expertise in ASICs, we
also design and sell application specific standard products. In
this regard, we have developed a line of source and gate drivers
for E Ink and liquid crystal displays.
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Power Management and Control ICs. |
We also design and sell power management and control ICs, such
as current regulators, motion controllers, digital power
modulators and drivers for power MOSFETs and IGBTs. These ICs
typically manage, control or regulate power semiconductors and
the circuits and subassemblies that incorporate them.
RF Power Semiconductors
Our RF power devices switch electricity at the high rates
necessary to enable the amplification or reception of radio
frequencies. Our products include field effect transistors, or
FETs, pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors, or
PHEMTs and Gunn diodes. These products are principally gallium
arsenide devices, which remain efficient at the high heat and
energy levels inherent in RF applications.
Other Products
We manufacture our proprietary direct copper bond, or DCB,
substrates for use in our own semiconductor products as well as
for sale to a variety of customers, including those in the power
semiconductor industry. DCB technology cost effectively provides
excellent thermal transfer while maintaining high electrical
isolation. Additionally, we manufacture and sell laser diode
drivers, high voltage pulse generators and modulators, and high
power subsystems that are principally based on our high power
semiconductor devices.
Products and Applications
Our power semiconductors are used primarily to control
electricity in power conversion systems, motor drives, plasma
display panels and medical electronics. Our ICs are used mainly
to interface with telecommunication lines, to control power
semiconductors and to drive medical equipment and displays. Our
RF power semiconductors enable the amplification and reception
of radio frequencies in telecommunication, industrial, defense
and space applications. The following table summarizes the
primary categories of uses for our products, some products used
within the categories and some of the applications served within
the categories.
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IXYS Products | |
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End User Applications |
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Power Conversion Systems
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FRED |
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SMPS and UPS for: |
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IGBT |
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Wireless base stations |
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Module |
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Internet facilities |
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MOSFET |
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Storage Area Networks |
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Rectifier |
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RF Generators |
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IC Driver |
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Motor Drives
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FRED |
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Automation |
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IGBT |
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Robotics |
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Module |
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Process control equipment |
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MOSFET |
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Machine tools |
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Thyristor |
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Electric trains |
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IC Driver |
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Medical Electronics
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IGBT |
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Defibrillators |
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MOSFET |
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Medical imaging devices |
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Thyristor |
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Laser power supplies |
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IC |
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Ultrasound |
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GaAs FET |
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Hearing aids |
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Telecommunication
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SSR |
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Point of sale terminals |
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LCAS |
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Modems |
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GaAs FET |
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Set top boxes |
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DAA |
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Wireless base stations |
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Central office |
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Display
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MOSFET |
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Plasma display panels |
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IC driver |
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E-books |
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We also sell our power semiconductor chips and DCB substrates to
other power semiconductor companies for use in their modules.
Sales and Marketing
We sell our products through a worldwide selling organization
that includes direct sales personnel, independent
representatives and distributors. As of March 31, 2005, we
employed 56 people in sales and marketing and customer support
and service and used 18 sales representative organizations and 6
distributors in North and South America and 47 sales
representative organizations and distributors in the rest of the
world. Sales to distributors accounted for approximately 36% of
net revenues in fiscal 2005, 37% of net revenues in fiscal 2004
and 36% of net revenues in fiscal 2003.
In fiscal year 2005, United States sales represented
approximately 28.2%, and international sales represented
approximately 71.8%, of our net revenues. Of our international
sales in fiscal year 2005, approximately 46.3% were derived from
sales in Europe and the Middle East, approximately 49.4% were
derived from sales in Asia and approximately 4.3% were derived
from sales in Canada and the rest of the world. One customer,
Samsung SDI Co., Ltd., accounted for more than 10% of our net
revenues in fiscal year 2005. For financial information about
geographic areas for each of our last three fiscal years, see
our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15,
Segment and Geographic Information provided elsewhere in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a discussion of the risks
attendant to our foreign operations, see Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations-Risk Factors-Our international operations expose us
to material risks, provided elsewhere in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K, which information is incorporated by
reference into this Item 1.
We market our products through advertisements, technical
articles and press releases that appear regularly in a variety
of trade publications, as well as through the dissemination of
brochures, data sheets and technical manuals. Additionally, we
participate in industry trade shows on a regular basis. We also
have a presence on the Internet through a worldwide web page
that enables engineers to access and download technical
information and data sheets.
Research and Development
We believe that we successfully compete in our markets because
of our ability to design, develop and introduce to the market on
a timely basis new products offering technological improvements.
We are a pioneer in technology with respect to higher power
MOSFETs, IGBTs, SSRs, E Ink and cholesteric driver ICs and
direct-bonded substrates. While the time from initiation of
design to volume production of new semiconductors often takes
18 months or longer, our power semiconductors typically
have a product lifetime of years. Our research and development
expenses were approximately $18.6 million in fiscal 2005,
$15.8 million in fiscal 2004 and $12.8 million in
fiscal 2003. As of March 31, 2005, we employed 91 people in
engineering and research and development activities.
We are engaged in ongoing research and development efforts
focused on enhancements to existing products and the development
of new products. Currently, we are pursuing research and
development projects with respect to:
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developing RF power MOSFETs and GaAs FETs; |
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increasing the operating range of our MOS and bipolar products; |
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developing new gallium arsenide products; |
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developing high efficiency solar cells; |
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developing higher power IGBT modules; |
| |
| |
|
developing power solid state relays; and |
| |
| |
|
developing power management ICs based on our HVIC technology. |
10
Research and development activities are conducted in
collaboration with manufacturing activities to help expedite new
products from the development phase to manufacturing and to more
quickly implement new process technologies.
Our research and development efforts also include participation
in technology collaborations with universities and research
institutions. These technology collaborations allow research and
development activities that would otherwise require potentially
cost-prohibitive capital expenditures since the necessary
capital equipment is often available at research institutes and
universities. Through these technology collaborations, we
believe we are able to maximize our range of research and
development activities without diffusing the focus of our
internal research and development work.
Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights
As of March 31, 2005, we held 137 issued patents, of which
102 were issued in the U.S. and 35 were issued in international
jurisdictions. We rely on a combination of patent rights,
copyrights and trade secrets to protect the proprietary elements
of our products. Our policy is to file patent applications to
protect technology, inventions and improvements that are
important to our business. We also seek to protect our trade
secrets and proprietary technology, in part, through
confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and other
parties.
While we believe that our intellectual property rights are
valuable, we also believe that other factors, such as innovative
skills, technical expertise, the ability to adapt quickly to new
technologies and evolving customer requirements, product support
and customer relations, are of greater competitive significance.
Manufacturing and Facilities
The production of our products is a highly complex and precise
process. We manufacture our products in our own manufacturing
facilities and by utilizing external wafer foundries and
subcontract assembly facilities. We divide our manufacturing
operations into three key areas: wafer fabrication, assembly and
test.
We own an approximately 170,000 square-foot facility in
Lampertheim, Germany at which we fabricate all of our bipolar
products and an approximately 83,000 square-foot facility
in Beverly, Massachusetts, capable of manufacturing high voltage
silicon on insulator ICs, where we fabricate our SSR, DAA and
LCAS products. We also lease an approximately
100,000 square foot facility in Chippenham, England, where
we fabricate the majority of our very high power devices, and an
approximately 30,000 square foot facility in Fremont,
California, where we manufacture our gallium arsenide RF power
semiconductors. We believe that our internal fabrication
capabilities enable us to lower our manufacturing cost with
respect to certain products, bring products to the market more
quickly than would be possible if we were required to rely
exclusively on external foundries, retain certain proprietary
aspects of our process technology and more quickly introduce new
process innovations.
In addition to maintaining our own fabrication facilities, we
have established alliances with selected foundries for wafer
fabrication. This approach allows us to reduce substantial
capital spending and manufacturing overhead expenses, obtain
competitive pricing and technologies and expand manufacturing
capacity more rapidly than could be achieved with internal
foundries alone. We retain the flexibility to shift the
production of our products to different or additional foundries
for cost or performance reasons. Our product designs enable the
production of our devices at multiple foundries using
well-established and cost-effective processes.
Measured in dollars, we relied on external foundries for
approximately 43% of our wafer fabrication requirements in
fiscal year 2005, and our utilization of external foundries is
expected to grow. We have arrangements with a number of external
wafer foundries, three of which provide the wafers for power
semiconductors that we purchase from external foundries. Our
principal external foundry is Samsung Electronics facility
located in Kiheung, South Korea. Our relationship with Samsung
Electronics extends for
11
two decades. We provide our foundries forecasts for wafer
fabrication six months in advance and make firm purchase
commitments one to two months in advance of delivery. Other than
these firm commitments, we do not have any obligations to order
any minimum quantities. In addition, we periodically jointly
purchase equipment for manufacturing.
Wafer fabrication of power semiconductors generally employs
process technology and equipment already proven in IC
manufacturing. Power semiconductors are manufactured using
fabrication equipment that is one or more generations behind the
equipment used to fabricate leading edge ICs. Used fabrication
equipment can be obtained at prices substantially less than the
original cost of such equipment or the cost of current equipment
applying the latest technology. Consequently, the fabrication of
power semiconductors is less capital intensive than the
fabrication of leading edge ICs.
For a discussion of risks attendant to our acquisition of wafers
prior to fabrication, see Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Risk
Factors-We depend upon a limited number of suppliers for our
wafers, provided elsewhere in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K, which information is incorporated by
reference into this Item 1. For a discussion of
environmental risks attendant to our business, see
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations-Risk Factors-We may be
affected by environmental laws and regulations, provided
elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which
information is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.
Packaging or assembly refers to the sequence of production steps
that divide the wafer into individual chips and enclose the
chips in external structures, called packages, which make them
useable in a circuit. Discrete manufacturing involves the
assembly and packaging of single semiconductor, or die, devices.
Module manufacturing involves the assembly of multiple devices
within a single package. SSR products involve multiple chip
assembly on a specialized lead frame. The resulting packages
vary in configuration, but all have leads that are used to mount
the package through holes in the customers printed circuit
boards.
Most of our wafers are sent to independent subcontract assembly
facilities. We use assembly subcontractors located in Asia and
Europe in order to take advantage of low assembly costs.
Measured in dollars, approximately 54% of our products are
assembled at external assembly facilities, and the rest are
assembled in our Lampertheim, Chippenham and Fremont facilities.
Generally, each die on our wafers is electrically tested for
performance after wafer fabrication. Following assembly, our
products are typically returned to our facilities for testing
and final inspection prior to shipment to customers.
Competition
The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and is
characterized by price competition, technological change,
limited fabrication capacity, international competition and
manufacturing yield problems. The competitive factors in the
market for our products include:
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proper new product definition; |
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product quality, reliability and performance; |
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product features; |
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| |
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timely delivery of products; |
| |
| |
|
price; |
| |
| |
|
timely delivery of products; |
| |
| |
|
breadth of product line; |
12
|
|
|
| |
|
design and introduction of new products; |
| |
| |
|
market acceptance of our products and those of our
customers; and |
| |
| |
|
technical support and service. |
We believe that we are one of a limited group of companies
focused on the development and marketing of high power, high
performance semiconductors capable of performing all of the
basic functions of power semiconductor design and manufacture.
Our primary power semiconductor competitors include Advanced
Power Technology, Fairchild Semiconductor, Fuji, Infineon,
International Rectifier, On Semiconductor, Powerex, Renesas
Technology, Semikron International, STMicroelectronics, Siemens
and Toshiba. Our IC products compete principally with those of
Agere Systems, Legerity, NEC and Silicon Labs. Our RF power
semiconductor competitors include RF Micro Devices and RF
Monolithics.
Backlog
Our trade sales are made primarily pursuant to standard purchase
orders that are booked months in advance of delivery. Generally,
prices and quantities are fixed at the time of booking. Backlog
as of a given date consists of existing orders from our
customers. Backlog is influenced by several factors including
market demand, pricing and customer order patterns in reaction
to product lead times.
In the semiconductor industry, backlog quantities and shipment
schedules under outstanding purchase orders are frequently
revised to reflect changes in customer needs. Agreements calling
for the sale of specific quantities are either contractually
subject to quantity revisions or, as a matter of industry
practice, are often not enforced. Therefore, a significant
portion of our order backlog may be cancelable. For these
reasons, the amount of backlog as of any particular date may not
be an accurate indicator of future results.
We sell products to key customers pursuant to contracts that
allow us to schedule production capacity in advance and allow
the customers to manage their inventory levels consistent with
just-in-time principles while shortening the cycle times
required to produce ordered product. However, these contracts
are typically amended to reflect changes in customer demands and
periodic price renegotiations.
At March 31, 2005, our backlog of orders was approximately
$78.9 million, as compared with $77.3 million at
March 31, 2004. Backlog represents firm orders expected to
be shipped within the 12 months following March 31,
2005.
Employees
At March 31, 2005, we employed 858 employees, of whom 91
were primarily engaged in engineering and research and
development activities, 56 in marketing, sales and customer
support, 653 in manufacturing and 58 in administration and
finance. Of these employees, 112 hold engineering or science
degrees, including 19 Ph.D.s. Certain employees at our
Lampertheim and Chippenham facilities are subject to collective
bargaining agreements. There have been no work stoppages at any
of our facilities to date. We believe that our employee
relations are good.
Available Information
We currently make available through our website at
http://www.IXYS.com, free of charge, copies of our annual report
on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and
our current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those
reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after submitting the
information to the SEC. None of the information posted on our
website is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.
You can also request free copies of such documents by contacting
us at 408-982-0700 or by sending an e-mail to
investorrelations@IXYS.net.
13
Our principal facilities are described below:
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|
|
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|
Approximate | |
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|
|
|
| |
|
Square | |
|
|
|
|
| Principal Facilities |
|
Footage | |
|
Lease Expiration | |
|
Use |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
Aliso Viejo, California
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27,000 |
|
|
|
April 2006(1) |
|
|
Research and development, sales and distribution |
|
Beverly, Massachusetts
|
|
|
83,000 |
|
|
|
(2) |
|
|
Research and development, manufacturing, sales and distribution |
|
Chippenham, England
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
December 2022 |
|
|
Research and development, manufacturing, sales and distribution |
|
Fremont, California
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
November 2008 |
|
|
Research and development, manufacturing, sales and distribution |
|
Lampertheim, Germany
|
|
|
170,000 |
|
|
|
(3) |
|
|
European headquarters, research and development, manufacturing,
sales and distribution |
|
Santa Clara, California
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
January 2009 |
|
|
Corporate headquarters, research and development, sales and
distribution |
|
|
| (1) |
Under contract for acquisition at a purchase price of
$5.1 million. |
| |
| (2) |
Owned, not leased. Acquired on May 6, 2005 for
$9.0 million. |
| |
| (3) |
Owned, not leased. |
We believe that our current facilities are suitable to our needs
and will be adequate through at least fiscal year 2006 and that
suitable additional or replacement space will be available in
the future as needed on commercially reasonably terms.
|
|
| Item 3. |
Legal Proceedings |
We currently are involved in a variety of legal matters that
arise in the normal course of business. Were an unfavorable
ruling to occur, there could be a material adverse impact on our
financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
On June 22, 2000, International Rectifier Corporation filed
an action for patent infringement against IXYS in the United
States District Court for the Central District of California,
alleging that certain of IXYSs products sold in the United
States infringe U.S. patents owned by International
Rectifier. International Rectifiers complaint against IXYS
contended that IXYSs alleged infringement of International
Rectifiers patents has been and continues to be willful
and deliberate. Subsequently, the U.S. District Court
decided that certain of IXYSs power MOSFETs and IGBTs
infringe certain claims of each of three International Rectifier
U.S. patents.
In 2002, the U.S. District Court entered a permanent
injunction barring IXYS from making, using, offering to sell or
selling in, or importing into, the United States, MOSFETs
(including IGBTs) covered by the subject patents and ruled that
International Rectifier should be awarded damages of
$9.1 million for IXYSs alleged infringement of
International Rectifiers patents. In addition, the
U.S. District Court ruled that IXYS had been guilty of
willful infringement. Subsequently, the U.S. District Court
increased the damages to a total of $27.2 million, plus
attorney fees.
IXYS appealed and on March 19, 2004 the United States Court
of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed or vacated all
findings of patent infringement previously issued against IXYS
by the U.S. District Court, and vacated the permanent
injunction. On August 9, 2004, the Federal Circuit Court
vacated the damages award. The case was remanded to the
U.S. District Court for further proceedings. The case has
been set for trial to commence on August 2, 2005.
14
There can be no assurance of a favorable outcome in the
International Rectifier suit. In the event of an adverse
outcome, damages or injunctions awarded by the
U.S. District Court would be materially adverse to
IXYSs financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows. Management has not accrued any amounts for damages in the
accompanying balance sheets for the International Rectifier
matter described above.
On April 10, 2003, LoJack Corporation (LoJack)
filed a suit against Clare, Inc. in the Superior Court of
Norfolk County, Massachusetts claiming breach of contract,
unjust enrichment, breach of the implied covenant of good faith
and fair dealing, failure to perform services and violation of a
Massachusetts statute prohibiting unfair and deceptive acts and
practices, all purportedly resulting from Clares alleged
breach of a contract to develop custom integrated circuits and a
module assembly.
In its complaint, LoJack sought damages in an amount to be
determined at trial, an $890,000 refund of payments it made
under the contract, all work product resulting from any work
prepared by Clare and its attorneys fees in the suit.
LoJack also sought to have its damages trebled under the
Massachusetts statute.
Clare answered the complaint denying any liability and
counterclaiming for breach of contract, unjust enrichment,
breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing,
violation of the Massachusetts statute, promissory estoppel and
negligent misrepresentation. Discovery in the litigation is
largely complete. Motions for summary judgment have been briefed
but not yet heard. A trial date of October 11, 2005 has
been set.
There can be no assurance of a favorable outcome in the LoJack
suit. In the event of an adverse outcome, damages awarded by the
court could be materially adverse to our financial condition,
results of operations or cash flows. Management has not accrued
any amounts for damages in the accompanying balance sheets for
the LoJack matter described above.
We do not provide any product or similar guarantees or
warranties. However, we provide in the normal course of business
indemnification to officers, directors and selected parties.
|
|
| Item 4. |
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
The Annual Meeting of the Stockholders of the Company following
the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 (the Annual
Meeting) was held on March 31, 2005.
At the Annual Meeting, the stockholders elected each of the
persons identified below to serve as a director of the Company
until the next Annual Meeting of the Stockholders or until such
persons successor is elected (the Director
Proposal) and ratified the appointment of BDO Seidman, LLP
as the independent auditors of the Company for the fiscal year
ending March 31, 2005 (the Auditor Proposal).
The votes on the two proposals were as follows:
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Proposal 1: The Director Proposal |
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| Director |
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Votes For | |
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Votes Withheld | |
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|
| |
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| |
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Donald Feucht
|
|
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29,710,433 |
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|
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1,038,560 |
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Samuel Kory
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|
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25,502,923 |
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|
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5,246,070 |
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S. Joon Lee
|
|
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29,778,399 |
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|
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970,594 |
|
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Kenneth D. Wong
|
|
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29,846,818 |
|
|
|
902,175 |
|
|
Nathan Zommer
|
|
|
29,772,232 |
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|
|
976,761 |
|
|
|
|
Proposal 2: The Auditor Proposal |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Votes in Favor:
|
|
|
30,378,361 |
|
|
Votes Against:
|
|
|
365,074 |
|
|
Abstentions:
|
|
|
5,558 |
|
|
Broker Non-Votes:
|
|
|
|
|
15
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The executive officers, their ages and positions at IXYS, as
well as certain biographical information of these individuals,
are set forth below. The ages of the individuals are provided as
of March 31, 2005.
| |
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| Name |
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Age | |
|
Position(s) |
| |
|
| |
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|
|
Nathan Zommer
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
Uzi Sasson
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |
|
Peter H. Ingram
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
President of European Operations |
|
Kevin McDonough
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
President of U.S. Operations |
There are no family relationships among our directors and
executive officers.
Nathan Zommer. Dr. Zommer, our founder, has served
as a Director since our inception in 1983, and has served as
Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
since 1993. From 1984 to 1993, Dr. Zommer served as our
Executive Vice President. Prior to founding IXYS,
Dr. Zommer served in a variety of positions with Intersil,
Hewlett-Packard and General Electric, including as a scientist
in the Hewlett-Packard Laboratories and Director of the Power
MOS Division for Intersil/ General Electric. Dr. Zommer
received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Physical Chemistry from
Tel Aviv University and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from
Carnegie Mellon University.
Uzi Sasson. Mr. Sasson has served as our Vice
President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
since November 2004. From February to November 2004,
Mr. Sasson was the Chief Executive Officer of Sagent
Management, a tax and accounting consulting firm.
Mr. Sasson also served as the interim Chief Financial
Officer for Digital Power Corp., a manufacturer of switching
power supplies, from June 2004 to November 2004. Mr. Sasson
served as Vice President of Tax for Mercury Interactive
Corporation, a provider of software and services for the
business technology optimization marketplace, from 2001 to 2003.
Prior to that, Mr. Sasson was a Senior Manager at
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an accounting firm, from 1992 to
2001. From August to November 2004, Mr. Sasson served as a
director of IXYS. Mr. Sasson has a Masters of Science in
Taxation and Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Golden Gate
University and is a Certified Public Accountant in California.
Peter H. Ingram. Mr. Ingram has served as our
President of European Operations since 2000. From 1994 to 2000,
he served as our Vice President of European Operations. From
1989 to 1994, he served as our Director of Wafer Fab Operations.
Mr. Ingram worked with the semiconductor operations of ABB
from 1982 until we acquired those operations in 1989.
Mr. Ingram received an Honors degree in Chemistry from the
University of Nottingham.
Kevin McDonough. Mr. McDonough has served as our
President of U.S.&