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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-K
     
(Mark One)    
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005
 
or
 
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
    For the transition period from          to
Commission file number 000-26124
 
IXYS Corporation
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   77-0140882
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3540 Bassett Street
Santa Clara, California 95054-2704
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(408) 982-0700
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common stock, par value $.01 per share
(Title of Class)
     Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.     Yes o          No þ
      Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes þ          No o
      The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the last sale price on the Nasdaq National Market on September 30, 2004, was approximately $188,753,476. The number of shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of May 16, 2005 was 33,360,205.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
      Portions of the Registrant’s proxy statement relating to its annual meeting of stockholders to follow its fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, to be filed subsequently — Part III.
 
 


IXYS CORPORATION
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
                 
        Page
         
 PART I
 Item 1.    Business     3  
 Item 2.    Properties     14  
 Item 3.    Legal Proceedings     14  
 Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders     15  
 
 PART II
 Item 5.    Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities     17  
 Item 6.    Selected Financial Data     18  
 Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     19  
 Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk     43  
 Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data     45  
 Item 9.    Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure     81  
 Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures     81  
 Item 9B.    Other Information     87  
 
 PART III
 Item 10.    Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant     87  
 Item 11.    Executive Compensation     87  
 Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters     88  
 Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions     88  
 Item 14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services     88  
 
 PART IV
 Item 15.    Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules     88  
 EXHIBIT 10.26
 EXHIBIT 10.27
 EXHIBIT 10.28
 EXHIBIT 21.1
 EXHIBIT 23.1
 EXHIBIT 23.2
 EXHIBIT 31.1
 EXHIBIT 31.2
 EXHIBIT 32.1

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
      This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that include, but are not limited to, statements concerning projected revenues, expenses, gross profit and income, the need for additional capital and the outcome of pending litigation. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs, and certain assumptions made by us. In some cases, these statements may be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of such terms and other comparable expressions. These statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our results, levels of activity, performance or achievements or our industry to be materially different than those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, our ability to compete successfully in our industry, to continue to develop new products on a timely basis, cancellation of customer orders, and other factors discussed below and under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 7. We disclaim any obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements contained in this report to reflect any future events or developments.
PART I
Item 1. Business
      We are a multi-market integrated semiconductor company. We specialize in the development, manufacture and marketing of high performance power semiconductors, advanced mixed signal integrated circuits, or ICs, and radio frequency, or RF, power transistors and systems. Our power semiconductors improve system efficiency and reliability by converting electricity at relatively high voltage and current levels into the finely regulated power required by electronic products. We focus on the market for power semiconductors that are capable of processing greater than 200 watts of power.
      Our power semiconductor products have historically been divided into two primary categories, power MOS, or metal oxide silicon, and power bipolar products. Our power semiconductors are sold as individual units and are also packaged in high power modules that frequently consist of multiple semiconductor die. In fiscal 2005, power semiconductors constituted approximately 74.2% of our revenues, which included 38.3% from power MOS transistors and 35.9% from bipolar products.
      We design and sell integrated circuits, or ICs, that have applications in telecommunications, display products, and power management. In our fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, or fiscal 2005, ICs constituted approximately 15.9% of our revenues.
      We also design and sell RF power devices that switch electricity at the high rates required by circuitry that generates radio frequencies.
      IXYS’s power semiconductor products are used primarily to control electricity in:
  •  power conversion systems, including uninterruptible power supplies, or UPS, and switch mode power supplies, or SMPS, for communications infrastructure applications such as wireless base stations, network servers and telecommunication switching stations;
 
  •  motor drives for industrial applications such as industrial transportation, robotics, automation, and process control equipment;
 
  •  plasma display panels;
 
  •  medical electronics for sophisticated applications, such as defibrillators and MRI and CT equipment; and
 
  •  renewable energy sources like wind turbines and solar systems.
      Our mixed signal ICs are used in telecommunications products, central office switching equipment, customer premises equipment, set top boxes, remote meter reading equipment, security systems, advanced flat

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displays, medical electronics and defense aerospace systems. Our RF power devices are used in wireless infrastructure, industrial RF applications, medical systems and defense and space electronics.
      We design our products primarily for industrial and business applications, rather than for use in personal computers or mobile phones. In fiscal 2005, we sold our products to over 2,000 customers worldwide. Our major customers include ABB, Astec, Delta Electronics, Eupec, General Electric, Guidant, Huawei, LG, Medtronics, Samsung, Siemens and Still. In many cases, our customers incorporate our products into systems sold to their own customers, which include Ericsson, General Electric, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Motorola and Sun Microsystems.
      We are organized as a Delaware corporation. Our predecessor was incorporated in 1983.
Background
      The worldwide demand for electrical energy is currently increasing due to:
  •  proliferation of technology-driven products that require electricity, including computers, telecommunications equipment and the infrastructure to support portable electronics;
 
  •  increased use of electronic content in traditional products such as airplanes, automobiles and home appliances;
 
  •  increased use of automation and electrical processes in industry and mass transit systems;
 
  •  the growth of the Internet and mobile telecommunications demand; and
 
  •  penetration of technology into developing countries.
      Not only is demand increasing, but the requirements for electricity are also changing. Electronic products in all markets are becoming increasingly sophisticated, offering more “intelligence” through the use of microprocessors and additional solid-state components. The increasing complexity of such products requires more precisely regulated power quality and greater power reliability. In addition, the increasing costs of electricity, coupled with governmental regulations and environmental concerns, have caused an increased demand for energy efficiency.
      Power semiconductors are used to provide the precisely regulated power required by sophisticated electronic products and equipment and address the growing demand for energy efficiency. In most cases, power semiconductors:
  •  convert or “rectify” alternating current, or AC, power delivered by electrical utilities to the direct current, or DC, power that is required by most electronic equipment;
 
  •  convert DC power at a certain voltage level to DC power at a different voltage level to meet the specific voltage requirement for an application;
 
  •  invert DC power to high frequency AC power to permit the processing of power using substantially smaller electronic components; or
 
  •  rectify high frequency AC power from switch mode power supplies to meet the specific DC voltage required by an application.
      The more sophisticated the end product, the greater the need for specially formatted, finely regulated power, and the greater the need for a high performance power semiconductor.
      Power semiconductors improve system efficiency and reliability by processing and converting electrical energy into more usable, higher quality power. Specifically, power semiconductors are used primarily in controlling energy in power conversion systems, including switch-mode power supplies or uninterruptible power supplies, and motor drive controls. Switch-mode power supplies efficiently convert power to meet the specific voltage requirements of an application, such as communications equipment. Uninterruptible power supplies provide a short-term backup of electricity in the event of power failure. Motor drive controls regulate the voltage, current and frequency of power to a motor.

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      With the growth in telecommunications, data communications and wireless communications, the demand for analog and mixed signal ICs and RF power semiconductors has grown. Our mixed signal ICs address the interface between telecommunication and data communication components, both in the central office and in gateway applications, especially with the increased use of the Internet protocol, or IP. Our RF power semiconductors are used in wireless infrastructure and in other microwave communication applications. Technical advancement in the communication industries is expected to drive the demand for higher performance semiconductors.
Market Size and Trends
      The primary markets we serve are characterized by complex technological development and higher power level requirements. We believe the following key trends are driving the demand for our products:
      Growth in communications devices and infrastructure. The worldwide communications industry has experienced rapid growth in the last decade, fueled largely by growth in the Internet and in wireless communication, deregulation, competition, privatization and technological advances, including the convergence of voice, video and data communication. The proliferation of electronic devices and the infrastructure to support them is resulting in increasing power level requirements and the demand for greater power reliability, as well as the need for efficient solid state analog and mixed signal devices that address the interface between telecommunication and data communication components.
      Increased demand for energy efficiency in motor drives. Electric motors consume approximately one-half of the world’s electricity. Due to costs and complexity, motor controls that permit variable speed operation, which in turn reduce energy consumption, have been predominantly used only in higher-end applications. However, recent advancements in power management enable more cost-effective, variable speed motor controls, which enhance energy efficiency and improve performance in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications, such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
      Emergence of new applications in medical electronics. Continued advancements in medical technologies are resulting in more sophisticated medical electronic devices. Power semiconductors can greatly reduce the size of equipment and improve the precision of medical measurements and functionality. They have enabled cardiac defibrillators to become much smaller and more portable, improving the ability to install these devices in more non-medical establishments, such as airplanes and office buildings. Medical imaging systems, such as ultrasound and MRI, require high performance mixed signal ICs and RF power semiconductors to meet the technical requirements of the marketplace.
      Development of new technologies for power management. New technologies, such as the use of RF for nontraditional power applications, are opening new markets for power semiconductors. For example, RF-based semiconductor production equipment is migrating to high frequency power MOS transistors from traditional RF tubes. Additionally, material science developments, such as gallium arsenide, are enabling the production of power management products with higher power density, such as those required for wireless base stations.
      Demand for increasing power density. The need for higher levels of power in end use applications is causing purchasers of power semiconductors to demand more power for their applications from the same physical space. In the communications industry, the growth in bandwidth demands is requiring communications equipment providers to add more equipment or more powerful equipment to confined spaces in highly populated areas. As a result, power semiconductor manufacturers are being required to design and produce products that enable their customers to expand power levels without expanding product footprints, or maintaining levels of power while shrinking product footprints.
      Demand for new display technologies. The demand for flat and large televisions with better contrast ratio than that of LCD technology drives the demand for plasma display televisions, which demand high voltage power MOSFETs for plasma display control. Brighter and energy efficient flat panel displays for portable telephones and PDAs drive the demand for new ICs that control electronic ink-based displays.

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IXYS’s Strategy
      We focus on meeting the needs of the high power, high performance segment of the power semiconductor market, serving it with our advanced power and IC technologies. We have diversified our business to introduce products into new markets, with an objective to achieve faster revenue growth than our competitors, while stabilizing the business and providing sustained growth. We intend to continue building a leading position within our targeted segments of these markets by pursuing the following strategies:
      Maintain technological focus on high power, high performance markets. Our technological expertise enables us to focus on the high power, high performance markets. Due to technological complexities, fewer industry players compete in these markets, resulting in a more favorable competitive environment for us. We believe our technological expertise differentiates us from most of our competitors. This expertise encompasses a wide range of scientific disciplines and technical capabilities, including physics, mechanical engineering, chemistry, circuit design, material science and packaging. Using our technological expertise, we continually strive to introduce innovative products.
      Target rapid growth. We select the specific markets where we intend to compete by evaluating their potential growth, our ability to establish an advantage based upon our technological capabilities and the performance of competing products.
      Focus on niche markets. We focus on niche markets that are not adequately addressed by our larger competitors. Our larger competitors are often not flexible enough to address niche markets and smaller customers. We focus on these markets and customers, providing them with products configured to meet their specific needs.
      Continue to diversify markets, customers and products. We believe that diversifying the markets and customers we serve and the products we produce enables us to reduce the traditional cyclical effects of the semiconductor industry on our business. We have a significant market presence in Europe, North America and Asia, the three principal geographic markets for high performance power semiconductors. Moreover, our products are used in a broad range of applications, from communications infrastructure to industrial automation to medical electronics, thereby reducing our reliance on customers from any particular industry. Our product line spans a broad range of functionality and price, which allows us to provide an appropriate solution to most of our customers’ power semiconductor needs.
      Pursue selective acquisition and investment strategy. We seek to access additional technological capabilities and complementary product lines through selective acquisitions and strategic investments, with the goal of integrating acquisitions into our business. For example, through the acquisition of Clare, Inc., we expanded our product offerings into the semiconductor segment of the market that replaces electromagnetic relays, or EMRs, with solid-state relays, or SSRs. The semiconductor products acquired with Clare are capable of integrating a number of functions previously provided by discrete components into one package and include product applications such as modem interfaces to the Internet, cable set top boxes, and voice over Internet protocol, or VOIP, applications, as well as mixed signal ASICs for the medical, flat display and military markets. Through another acquisition, we substantially increased our RF power products, by acquiring a product line of gallium arsenide devices that are useful in the amplification or reception of RF in wireless, medical, defense and space applications.
      Collaborate with select companies on product development. We seek to enter into collaborative arrangements with existing and potential customers in attractive end user markets in order to optimize our products for their use. For example, we partnered with manufacturers of portable defibrillators at an early stage in the development of this market, and we have become a leading supplier of power semiconductors for these devices.
      Optimize mix between internal and external manufacturing. We intend to continue using both internal wafer fabrication facilities and our external foundry relationships. We also seek to balance our product assembly through multiple sourcing relationships. We believe these strategies enable us to maximize our manufacturing efficiency and flexibility. We also believe that our internal manufacturing capabilities enable us to lower our manufacturing cost with respect to certain products, bring products to market more quickly than

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would be possible if we were required to rely exclusively on external foundries, retain certain proprietary aspects of our process technology and more quickly introduce new process and product innovations through close collaboration between our design and process engineers. Our alliances with external foundries and assembly subcontractors allow us to substantially reduce capital spending and manufacturing overhead expenses, obtain competitive pricing and technologies and expand manufacturing capacity more rapidly than could be achieved with internal facilities alone.
Power Semiconductors
      Our power semiconductor products have historically been divided into two primary categories, power MOS transistors and bipolar products. Our power semiconductors are sold separately and are also packaged in high power modules that frequently consist of multiple semiconductor dies. In fiscal year 2005, power semiconductors constituted approximately 74.2% of our revenues, which included about 38.3% from power MOS transistors and about 35.9% from bipolar products. In fiscal 2004, power semiconductors constituted approximately 74.3% of our revenues, which included about 31.4% from power MOS transistors and about 42.9% from bipolar products. In fiscal 2003, power semiconductors constituted approximately 78.2% of our revenues, which included about 29.7% from power MOS transistors and about 48.5% from bipolar products.
Power MOS Transistors.
      Power MOS transistors operate at much greater switching speeds, allowing the design of smaller and less costly end products. Power MOS transistors are activated by voltage rather than current, so they require less external circuitry to operate, making them more compatible with ICs controls. Power MOS transistors also offer more reliable long-term performance and are more rugged than traditional bipolar transistors, permitting them to better withstand adverse operating conditions. Our power MOS transistors consist of power MOSFETs and IGBTs.
Power MOSFETs.
      A power MOSFET, or metal oxide silicon field effect transistor, is a switch controlled by voltage at the gate. Power MOSFETs are used in combination with passive components to vary the amperage and frequency of electricity by switching on and off at high frequency.
      Our power MOSFETs are used primarily in power conversion systems and are focused on higher voltage applications ranging from 60 to 1,700 volts. Our power MOSFETs have on-state resistance among the lowest available for a given die size and voltage. Lower on-state resistance results in increased efficiency in a power device. We believe that as the power requirements of servers, base stations and other computers increase as the result of larger and more powerful processors and memory systems, the designers of power supplies will increasingly demand higher power density. MOSFETs accommodate this need by providing higher power with higher efficiency and by reducing the physical size of the power supplies incorporated into such equipment.
IGBTs.
      IGBTs, or insulated gate bipolar transistors, also are used as switches. IGBTs have achieved many of the advantages of power MOSFETs and of traditional bipolar technology by combining the voltage controlled switching features of power MOSFETs with the superior conductivity and energy efficiency of bipolar transistors. For a given semiconductor die size, IGBTs can operate at higher currents and voltages, making them a more cost-effective device for high energy applications than power MOSFETs.
      Since inception, we have developed IGBTs for high voltage applications. Our current products are focused on voltage applications ranging from 300 volts to 2,500 volts. Our IGBTs are used principally in AC motor drives, power systems and defibrillators.

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Bipolar Products.
      Bipolar products are also used to process electricity, but are activated by current rather than voltage. Bipolar products are capable of switching electricity at substantially higher power levels than power MOS transistors. However, switching speeds of bipolar products are slower than those of power MOS transistors and, as a result, bipolar products are preferred where very high power is required. Our bipolar products consist of rectifiers and thyristors.
Rectifiers.
      Rectifiers convert AC power to DC power and are used primarily in input and output rectification and inverters. Our rectifiers are used in DC and AC motor drives, power supplies, lighting and heating controls and welding equipment.
      A subset of our rectifier product group is a very fast switching device known as a FRED, or fast recovery epitaxial diode. FREDs limit spikes in voltage across the power switch to reduce power dissipation and electromagnetic interference. Our FREDs are used principally in AC motor drives and power supplies.
Thyristors.
      Thyristors are switches that can be turned on by a controlled signal and turned off only when the output current is reduced to zero, which occurs in the flow of AC power. Thyristors are preferred over power MOSFETs and IGBTs in high voltage, low frequency AC applications because their on-state resistance is lower than the on state resistance of power MOSFETs and IGBTs. Our thyristors are used in motor drives, defibrillators, power supplies, lighting and heating controls and welding.
Integrated Circuits
      Our integrated circuits address the demand for analog and mixed signal interface solutions in the communication and other industries, mixed signal application specific ICs designed for specific customers as well as standard products, and power management and control. ICs accounted for 15.9% of our revenues in fiscal 2005, 17.6% in fiscal 2004 and 19.3% in fiscal 2003.
Solid State Relays.
      We manufacture solid-state relays, or SSRs, that isolate the low current communication signal from the higher power circuit, while also switching to control the flow of current. Our SSRs, which include high voltage analog components, optocouplers and integrated packages, are utilized principally in telecommunication and video and data communication applications, as well as instrumentation, industrial control, and aerospace and automotive applications.
LCAS and DAA integrated products.
      A line card access switch, or LCAS, is a solid-state solution for a switching function traditionally performed by electromagnetic devices. Our LCAS products are used in central office switching applications to enable data and voice telephony. Data access arrangements, or DAAs, integrate a number of discrete components and are principally used in analog data communications that interface with telephone network applications. Our Litelinktm products are DAAs for applications such as VOIP, wired communication lines and set top boxes.
Application Specific Integrated Circuits.
      We design high voltage, analog and mixed signal application specific integrated circuits, or ASICs, for a variety of applications. Applying our technological expertise in ASICs, we also design and sell application specific standard products. In this regard, we have developed a line of source and gate drivers for E Ink and liquid crystal displays.

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Power Management and Control ICs.
      We also design and sell power management and control ICs, such as current regulators, motion controllers, digital power modulators and drivers for power MOSFETs and IGBTs. These ICs typically manage, control or regulate power semiconductors and the circuits and subassemblies that incorporate them.
RF Power Semiconductors
      Our RF power devices switch electricity at the high rates necessary to enable the amplification or reception of radio frequencies. Our products include field effect transistors, or FETs, pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors, or PHEMTs and Gunn diodes. These products are principally gallium arsenide devices, which remain efficient at the high heat and energy levels inherent in RF applications.
Other Products
      We manufacture our proprietary direct copper bond, or DCB, substrates for use in our own semiconductor products as well as for sale to a variety of customers, including those in the power semiconductor industry. DCB technology cost effectively provides excellent thermal transfer while maintaining high electrical isolation. Additionally, we manufacture and sell laser diode drivers, high voltage pulse generators and modulators, and high power subsystems that are principally based on our high power semiconductor devices.
Products and Applications
      Our power semiconductors are used primarily to control electricity in power conversion systems, motor drives, plasma display panels and medical electronics. Our ICs are used mainly to interface with telecommunication lines, to control power semiconductors and to drive medical equipment and displays. Our RF power semiconductors enable the amplification and reception of radio frequencies in telecommunication, industrial, defense and space applications. The following table summarizes the primary categories of uses for our products, some products used within the categories and some of the applications served within the categories.
             
Category   IXYS Products   End User Applications
         
Power Conversion Systems
    FRED     SMPS and UPS for:
      IGBT     Wireless base stations
      Module     Internet facilities
      MOSFET     Storage Area Networks
      Rectifier     RF Generators
      IC Driver      
Motor Drives
    FRED     Automation
      IGBT     Robotics
      Module     Process control equipment
      MOSFET     Machine tools
      Thyristor     Electric trains
      IC Driver      
Medical Electronics
    IGBT     Defibrillators
      MOSFET     Medical imaging devices
      Thyristor     Laser power supplies
      IC     Ultrasound
      GaAs FET     Hearing aids
Telecommunication
    SSR     Point of sale terminals
      LCAS     Modems
      GaAs FET     Set top boxes
      DAA     Wireless base stations
            Central office
Display
    MOSFET     Plasma display panels
      IC driver     E-books

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      We also sell our power semiconductor chips and DCB substrates to other power semiconductor companies for use in their modules.
Sales and Marketing
      We sell our products through a worldwide selling organization that includes direct sales personnel, independent representatives and distributors. As of March 31, 2005, we employed 56 people in sales and marketing and customer support and service and used 18 sales representative organizations and 6 distributors in North and South America and 47 sales representative organizations and distributors in the rest of the world. Sales to distributors accounted for approximately 36% of net revenues in fiscal 2005, 37% of net revenues in fiscal 2004 and 36% of net revenues in fiscal 2003.
      In fiscal year 2005, United States sales represented approximately 28.2%, and international sales represented approximately 71.8%, of our net revenues. Of our international sales in fiscal year 2005, approximately 46.3% were derived from sales in Europe and the Middle East, approximately 49.4% were derived from sales in Asia and approximately 4.3% were derived from sales in Canada and the rest of the world. One customer, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd., accounted for more than 10% of our net revenues in fiscal year 2005. For financial information about geographic areas for each of our last three fiscal years, see our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, Segment and Geographic Information provided elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For a discussion of the risks attendant to our foreign operations, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Risk Factors-Our international operations expose us to material risks,” provided elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which information is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.
      We market our products through advertisements, technical articles and press releases that appear regularly in a variety of trade publications, as well as through the dissemination of brochures, data sheets and technical manuals. Additionally, we participate in industry trade shows on a regular basis. We also have a presence on the Internet through a worldwide web page that enables engineers to access and download technical information and data sheets.
Research and Development
      We believe that we successfully compete in our markets because of our ability to design, develop and introduce to the market on a timely basis new products offering technological improvements. We are a pioneer in technology with respect to higher power MOSFETs, IGBTs, SSRs, E Ink and cholesteric driver ICs and direct-bonded substrates. While the time from initiation of design to volume production of new semiconductors often takes 18 months or longer, our power semiconductors typically have a product lifetime of years. Our research and development expenses were approximately $18.6 million in fiscal 2005, $15.8 million in fiscal 2004 and $12.8 million in fiscal 2003. As of March 31, 2005, we employed 91 people in engineering and research and development activities.
      We are engaged in ongoing research and development efforts focused on enhancements to existing products and the development of new products. Currently, we are pursuing research and development projects with respect to:
  •  developing RF power MOSFETs and GaAs FETs;
 
  •  increasing the operating range of our MOS and bipolar products;
 
  •  developing new gallium arsenide products;
 
  •  developing high efficiency solar cells;
 
  •  developing higher power IGBT modules;
 
  •  developing power solid state relays; and
 
  •  developing power management ICs based on our HVIC technology.

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      Research and development activities are conducted in collaboration with manufacturing activities to help expedite new products from the development phase to manufacturing and to more quickly implement new process technologies.
      Our research and development efforts also include participation in technology collaborations with universities and research institutions. These technology collaborations allow research and development activities that would otherwise require potentially cost-prohibitive capital expenditures since the necessary capital equipment is often available at research institutes and universities. Through these technology collaborations, we believe we are able to maximize our range of research and development activities without diffusing the focus of our internal research and development work.
Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights
      As of March 31, 2005, we held 137 issued patents, of which 102 were issued in the U.S. and 35 were issued in international jurisdictions. We rely on a combination of patent rights, copyrights and trade secrets to protect the proprietary elements of our products. Our policy is to file patent applications to protect technology, inventions and improvements that are important to our business. We also seek to protect our trade secrets and proprietary technology, in part, through confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and other parties.
      While we believe that our intellectual property rights are valuable, we also believe that other factors, such as innovative skills, technical expertise, the ability to adapt quickly to new technologies and evolving customer requirements, product support and customer relations, are of greater competitive significance.
Manufacturing and Facilities
      The production of our products is a highly complex and precise process. We manufacture our products in our own manufacturing facilities and by utilizing external wafer foundries and subcontract assembly facilities. We divide our manufacturing operations into three key areas: wafer fabrication, assembly and test.
Wafer Fabrication.
      We own an approximately 170,000 square-foot facility in Lampertheim, Germany at which we fabricate all of our bipolar products and an approximately 83,000 square-foot facility in Beverly, Massachusetts, capable of manufacturing high voltage silicon on insulator ICs, where we fabricate our SSR, DAA and LCAS products. We also lease an approximately 100,000 square foot facility in Chippenham, England, where we fabricate the majority of our very high power devices, and an approximately 30,000 square foot facility in Fremont, California, where we manufacture our gallium arsenide RF power semiconductors. We believe that our internal fabrication capabilities enable us to lower our manufacturing cost with respect to certain products, bring products to the market more quickly than would be possible if we were required to rely exclusively on external foundries, retain certain proprietary aspects of our process technology and more quickly introduce new process innovations.
      In addition to maintaining our own fabrication facilities, we have established alliances with selected foundries for wafer fabrication. This approach allows us to reduce substantial capital spending and manufacturing overhead expenses, obtain competitive pricing and technologies and expand manufacturing capacity more rapidly than could be achieved with internal foundries alone. We retain the flexibility to shift the production of our products to different or additional foundries for cost or performance reasons. Our product designs enable the production of our devices at multiple foundries using well-established and cost-effective processes.
      Measured in dollars, we relied on external foundries for approximately 43% of our wafer fabrication requirements in fiscal year 2005, and our utilization of external foundries is expected to grow. We have arrangements with a number of external wafer foundries, three of which provide the wafers for power semiconductors that we purchase from external foundries. Our principal external foundry is Samsung Electronics’ facility located in Kiheung, South Korea. Our relationship with Samsung Electronics extends for

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two decades. We provide our foundries forecasts for wafer fabrication six months in advance and make firm purchase commitments one to two months in advance of delivery. Other than these firm commitments, we do not have any obligations to order any minimum quantities. In addition, we periodically jointly purchase equipment for manufacturing.
      Wafer fabrication of power semiconductors generally employs process technology and equipment already proven in IC manufacturing. Power semiconductors are manufactured using fabrication equipment that is one or more generations behind the equipment used to fabricate leading edge ICs. Used fabrication equipment can be obtained at prices substantially less than the original cost of such equipment or the cost of current equipment applying the latest technology. Consequently, the fabrication of power semiconductors is less capital intensive than the fabrication of leading edge ICs.
      For a discussion of risks attendant to our acquisition of wafers prior to fabrication, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Risk Factors-We depend upon a limited number of suppliers for our wafers,” provided elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form  10-K, which information is incorporated by reference into this Item 1. For a discussion of environmental risks attendant to our business, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Risk Factors-We may be affected by environmental laws and regulations,” provided elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which information is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.
Assembly.
      Packaging or assembly refers to the sequence of production steps that divide the wafer into individual chips and enclose the chips in external structures, called packages, which make them useable in a circuit. Discrete manufacturing involves the assembly and packaging of single semiconductor, or die, devices. Module manufacturing involves the assembly of multiple devices within a single package. SSR products involve multiple chip assembly on a specialized lead frame. The resulting packages vary in configuration, but all have leads that are used to mount the package through holes in the customer’s printed circuit boards.
      Most of our wafers are sent to independent subcontract assembly facilities. We use assembly subcontractors located in Asia and Europe in order to take advantage of low assembly costs. Measured in dollars, approximately 54% of our products are assembled at external assembly facilities, and the rest are assembled in our Lampertheim, Chippenham and Fremont facilities.
Test.
      Generally, each die on our wafers is electrically tested for performance after wafer fabrication. Following assembly, our products are typically returned to our facilities for testing and final inspection prior to shipment to customers.
Competition
      The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and is characterized by price competition, technological change, limited fabrication capacity, international competition and manufacturing yield problems. The competitive factors in the market for our products include:
  •  proper new product definition;
 
  •  product quality, reliability and performance;
 
  •  product features;
 
  •  timely delivery of products;
 
  •  price;
 
  •  timely delivery of products;
 
  •  breadth of product line;

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  •  design and introduction of new products;
 
  •  market acceptance of our products and those of our customers; and
 
  •  technical support and service.
      We believe that we are one of a limited group of companies focused on the development and marketing of high power, high performance semiconductors capable of performing all of the basic functions of power semiconductor design and manufacture. Our primary power semiconductor competitors include Advanced Power Technology, Fairchild Semiconductor, Fuji, Infineon, International Rectifier, On Semiconductor, Powerex, Renesas Technology, Semikron International, STMicroelectronics, Siemens and Toshiba. Our IC products compete principally with those of Agere Systems, Legerity, NEC and Silicon Labs. Our RF power semiconductor competitors include RF Micro Devices and RF Monolithics.
Backlog
      Our trade sales are made primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders that are booked months in advance of delivery. Generally, prices and quantities are fixed at the time of booking. Backlog as of a given date consists of existing orders from our customers. Backlog is influenced by several factors including market demand, pricing and customer order patterns in reaction to product lead times.
      In the semiconductor industry, backlog quantities and shipment schedules under outstanding purchase orders are frequently revised to reflect changes in customer needs. Agreements calling for the sale of specific quantities are either contractually subject to quantity revisions or, as a matter of industry practice, are often not enforced. Therefore, a significant portion of our order backlog may be cancelable. For these reasons, the amount of backlog as of any particular date may not be an accurate indicator of future results.
      We sell products to key customers pursuant to contracts that allow us to schedule production capacity in advance and allow the customers to manage their inventory levels consistent with just-in-time principles while shortening the cycle times required to produce ordered product. However, these contracts are typically amended to reflect changes in customer demands and periodic price renegotiations.
      At March 31, 2005, our backlog of orders was approximately $78.9 million, as compared with $77.3 million at March 31, 2004. Backlog represents firm orders expected to be shipped within the 12 months following March 31, 2005.
Employees
      At March 31, 2005, we employed 858 employees, of whom 91 were primarily engaged in engineering and research and development activities, 56 in marketing, sales and customer support, 653 in manufacturing and 58 in administration and finance. Of these employees, 112 hold engineering or science degrees, including 19 Ph.D.s. Certain employees at our Lampertheim and Chippenham facilities are subject to collective bargaining agreements. There have been no work stoppages at any of our facilities to date. We believe that our employee relations are good.
Available Information
      We currently make available through our website at http://www.IXYS.com, free of charge, copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after submitting the information to the SEC. None of the information posted on our website is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. You can also request free copies of such documents by contacting us at 408-982-0700 or by sending an e-mail to investorrelations@IXYS.net.

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Item 2. Properties
      Our principal facilities are described below:
                     
    Approximate        
    Square        
Principal Facilities   Footage   Lease Expiration   Use
             
Aliso Viejo, California
    27,000       April 2006(1)     Research and development, sales and distribution
Beverly, Massachusetts
    83,000       (2)     Research and development, manufacturing, sales and distribution
Chippenham, England
    100,000       December 2022     Research and development, manufacturing, sales and distribution
Fremont, California
    30,000       November 2008     Research and development, manufacturing, sales and distribution
Lampertheim, Germany
    170,000       (3)     European headquarters, research and development, manufacturing, sales and distribution
Santa Clara, California
    20,000       January 2009     Corporate headquarters, research and development, sales and distribution
 
(1)  Under contract for acquisition at a purchase price of $5.1 million.
 
(2)  Owned, not leased. Acquired on May 6, 2005 for $9.0 million.
 
(3)  Owned, not leased.
      We believe that our current facilities are suitable to our needs and will be adequate through at least fiscal year 2006 and that suitable additional or replacement space will be available in the future as needed on commercially reasonably terms.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
      We currently are involved in a variety of legal matters that arise in the normal course of business. Were an unfavorable ruling to occur, there could be a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
      On June 22, 2000, International Rectifier Corporation filed an action for patent infringement against IXYS in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, alleging that certain of IXYS’s products sold in the United States infringe U.S. patents owned by International Rectifier. International Rectifier’s complaint against IXYS contended that IXYS’s alleged infringement of International Rectifier’s patents has been and continues to be willful and deliberate. Subsequently, the U.S. District Court decided that certain of IXYS’s power MOSFETs and IGBTs infringe certain claims of each of three International Rectifier U.S. patents.
      In 2002, the U.S. District Court entered a permanent injunction barring IXYS from making, using, offering to sell or selling in, or importing into, the United States, MOSFETs (including IGBTs) covered by the subject patents and ruled that International Rectifier should be awarded damages of $9.1 million for IXYS’s alleged infringement of International Rectifier’s patents. In addition, the U.S. District Court ruled that IXYS had been guilty of willful infringement. Subsequently, the U.S. District Court increased the damages to a total of $27.2 million, plus attorney fees.
      IXYS appealed and on March 19, 2004 the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed or vacated all findings of patent infringement previously issued against IXYS by the U.S. District Court, and vacated the permanent injunction. On August 9, 2004, the Federal Circuit Court vacated the damages award. The case was remanded to the U.S. District Court for further proceedings. The case has been set for trial to commence on August 2, 2005.

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      There can be no assurance of a favorable outcome in the International Rectifier suit. In the event of an adverse outcome, damages or injunctions awarded by the U.S. District Court would be materially adverse to IXYS’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Management has not accrued any amounts for damages in the accompanying balance sheets for the International Rectifier matter described above.
      On April 10, 2003, LoJack Corporation (“LoJack”) filed a suit against Clare, Inc. in the Superior Court of Norfolk County, Massachusetts claiming breach of contract, unjust enrichment, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, failure to perform services and violation of a Massachusetts statute prohibiting unfair and deceptive acts and practices, all purportedly resulting from Clare’s alleged breach of a contract to develop custom integrated circuits and a module assembly.
      In its complaint, LoJack sought damages in an amount to be determined at trial, an $890,000 refund of payments it made under the contract, all work product resulting from any work prepared by Clare and its attorneys’ fees in the suit. LoJack also sought to have its damages trebled under the Massachusetts statute.
      Clare answered the complaint denying any liability and counterclaiming for breach of contract, unjust enrichment, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, violation of the Massachusetts statute, promissory estoppel and negligent misrepresentation. Discovery in the litigation is largely complete. Motions for summary judgment have been briefed but not yet heard. A trial date of October 11, 2005 has been set.
      There can be no assurance of a favorable outcome in the LoJack suit. In the event of an adverse outcome, damages awarded by the court could be materially adverse to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Management has not accrued any amounts for damages in the accompanying balance sheets for the LoJack matter described above.
      We do not provide any product or similar guarantees or warranties. However, we provide in the normal course of business indemnification to officers, directors and selected parties.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
      The Annual Meeting of the Stockholders of the Company following the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 (the “Annual Meeting”) was held on March 31, 2005.
      At the Annual Meeting, the stockholders elected each of the persons identified below to serve as a director of the Company until the next Annual Meeting of the Stockholders or until such person’s successor is elected (the “Director Proposal”) and ratified the appointment of BDO Seidman, LLP as the independent auditors of the Company for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2005 (the “Auditor Proposal”). The votes on the two proposals were as follows:
Proposal 1: The Director Proposal
                 
Director   Votes For   Votes Withheld
         
Donald Feucht
    29,710,433       1,038,560  
Samuel Kory
    25,502,923       5,246,070  
S. Joon Lee
    29,778,399       970,594  
Kenneth D. Wong
    29,846,818       902,175  
Nathan Zommer
    29,772,232       976,761  
Proposal 2: The Auditor Proposal
         
Votes in Favor: 
    30,378,361  
Votes Against: 
    365,074  
Abstentions: 
    5,558  
Broker Non-Votes: 
     

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Executive Officers of the Registrant
      The executive officers, their ages and positions at IXYS, as well as certain biographical information of these individuals, are set forth below. The ages of the individuals are provided as of March 31, 2005.
             
Name   Age   Position(s)
         
Nathan Zommer
    57     Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Uzi Sasson
    42     Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
Peter H. Ingram
    56     President of European Operations
Kevin McDonough
    53     President of U.S. Operations
      There are no family relationships among our directors and executive officers.
      Nathan Zommer. Dr. Zommer, our founder, has served as a Director since our inception in 1983, and has served as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer since 1993. From 1984 to 1993, Dr. Zommer served as our Executive Vice President. Prior to founding IXYS, Dr. Zommer served in a variety of positions with Intersil, Hewlett-Packard and General Electric, including as a scientist in the Hewlett-Packard Laboratories and Director of the Power MOS Division for Intersil/ General Electric. Dr. Zommer received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Physical Chemistry from Tel Aviv University and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University.
      Uzi Sasson. Mr. Sasson has served as our Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary since November 2004. From February to November 2004, Mr. Sasson was the Chief Executive Officer of Sagent Management, a tax and accounting consulting firm. Mr. Sasson also served as the interim Chief Financial Officer for Digital Power Corp., a manufacturer of switching power supplies, from June 2004 to November 2004. Mr. Sasson served as Vice President of Tax for Mercury Interactive Corporation, a provider of software and services for the business technology optimization marketplace, from 2001 to 2003. Prior to that, Mr. Sasson was a Senior Manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an accounting firm, from 1992 to 2001. From August to November 2004, Mr. Sasson served as a director of IXYS. Mr. Sasson has a Masters of Science in Taxation and Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Golden Gate University and is a Certified Public Accountant in California.
      Peter H. Ingram. Mr. Ingram has served as our President of European Operations since 2000. From 1994 to 2000, he served as our Vice President of European Operations. From 1989 to 1994, he served as our Director of Wafer Fab Operations. Mr. Ingram worked with the semiconductor operations of ABB from 1982 until we acquired those operations in 1989. Mr. Ingram received an Honors degree in Chemistry from the University of Nottingham.
      Kevin McDonough. Mr. McDonough has served as our President of U.S.&