UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1934
| For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004 |
Commission File Number 0-26272 |
Natural Health Trends Corp.
| Florida (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
59-2705336 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
12901 Hutton Drive
Dallas, Texas 75234
(Address of principal executive offices)
(972) 241-4080
(Registrants telephone number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Name of exchange on which registered | |
| Common Stock, par value $.001 | The NASDAQ National Market |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2004 was approximately $68,033,255 based upon a closing price of $11.20 per share.
The number of shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding as of March 24, 2005 was 6,819,667 shares.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Certain information required for Part III of this report is incorporated by reference from registrants proxy statement for the 2005 annual meeting of the Companys shareholders to be held during the second quarter of 2005.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I
Item 1. BUSINESS
Overview of Business
Natural Health Trends Corp. (the Company) is an international direct selling organization. We control subsidiaries that distribute products through two separate direct selling businesses that promote health, wellness and vitality. Lexxus International, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary (Lexxus U.S.), and other Lexxus subsidiaries (collectively, Lexxus), sell certain cosmetic products, consumer as well as quality of life products, which accounted for approximately ninety-nine (99%) percent of our consolidated net revenues in 2004. eKaire.com, Inc. (eKaire), our wholly-owned subsidiary, distributes nutritional supplements aimed at general health and wellness.
Lexxus commenced operations in January 2001 and has experienced tremendous growth, as we are currently conducting business in at least 30 countries through approximately 130,000 active distributors as of December 31, 2004. (We consider a distributor active if he or she has placed at least one product order with us during the preceding year). The Lexxus business includes KGC Networks Pte. Ltd. (KGC), a Singapore company owned 51% by the Company and 49% by a European private investor. KGC sells Lexxus products into a separate network with distributors primarily in Russia and other Eastern European countries. eKaire has been in business since 2000 and is operating in four countries through approximately 3,600 active distributors.
We seek to be a leader in the direct selling industry serving the health and wellness marketplace by driving our products into as many venues and into as many markets as possible through our direct selling marketing operations. Our objectives are to enrich the lives of the users of our products and enable our distributors to benefit financially from the sale of our products.
We maintain executive offices at 12901 Hutton Drive, Dallas, Texas 75234 and our telephone number is (972) 241-4080. Our website is located at www.naturalhealthtrendscorp.com. The information provided on our website should not be considered part of this prospectus.
Our Products
Lexxus
We offer several Lexxus branded lifestyle enhancement products:
Skindulgence® is a skin care system marketed as a 30-Minute Non-Surgical FaceLift designed to create a more youthful appearance by helping to tone and firm facial muscles, by helping to diminish fine lines and wrinkles and by helping to improve skin tone and color. The facelift masque is coupled with a cleanser and moisturizer.
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Alura is an intimacy cream designed to increase the sexual satisfaction of women.
Premium Noni Juice is a reconstituted morinda citrifolia fruit juice, made from organic noni puree. Noni is a fruit native in the Samoan Islands of the South Islands of the South Pacific. Marketed as a refreshing and energizing beverage, its naturally offensive flavor has been neutralized with white grape concentrate, concord grape concentrate, pineapple juice puree and other natural flavors.
LexLips is a lip enhancing gloss for women, designed to create the effect of fuller lips and to help reduce fine lines and wrinkles around the mouth.
La Vie is a dietary supplement described as a non-alcoholic red wine. It is marketed as an energizing supplement containing aloe.
180° Life System Carb-Blocker is marketed as a weight management product based upon over 30 years of research.
eKaire
We offer Kaire branded products, generally nutritional supplements, which are organized into several broad categories such as antioxidant support, immune support, bone & joint support, digestive and dietary support, weight management, OmegaKaire hemp products, Sakaira Spa with Moor Mud, Sakaira Skin & Hair Care, Kaire Essentials and ecoKaire Home Care.
Among the products offered by eKaire, Pycnogenol ® , Enzogenol, OptiMSM, OptiPure®, Phase2 & ActivAloe are trademarks of suppliers of eKaire.
Operations of the Business
Sourcing of Products
The Companys independent research consultants and the executive staff work closely with research and development personnel of our manufacturers to create product concepts and develop the product ideas into actual products. Each of the Companys three current major product lines - Skindulgence®, Alura, and Premium Noni Juice - were originally conceived by our manufacturing vendors. The Company then enters into standard supply agreements with the vendors pursuant to which the Company retains trademark rights to the products purchased and the vendors are restricted from supplying the products to other direct selling companies. Because our current main products all came to us originally as proposals from our vendors, we have incurred minimal out-of-pocket research and development costs through December 31, 2004.
The Company purchases finished goods from manufacturers and sells them to our distributors for their resale or personal consumption. Aloe Commodities International
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(for Skindulgence®), 40Js LLC (for Alura) and Two Harbor Trading (for Premium Noni Juice) are the three most significant vendors, accounting for a majority of the Companys product purchases. All three of the vendors entered into our standard supply agreements. The agreement with 40Js LLC contains a minimum annual purchase of $1.35 million for the Company to retain the exclusivity. The terms of these agreements are between one and three years, with annual automatic renewal.
We believe that, in the event we were unable to source products from these suppliers or the other suppliers of our other products, our revenue, income and cash flow could be adversely and materially impacted.
Marketing and Distribution
Lexxus and eKaire are set up as direct selling companies using a network of distributors to sell products. Our distributors are independent full-time or part-time contractors who purchase products directly from our subsidiaries via the Internet for resale to retail consumers or for personal consumption. The growth of a distributors business depends largely upon their ability to recruit a down-line network of distributors and the popularity of our products in the marketplace.
As of December 31, 2004, we had distributors located in the United States, as well as Puerto Rico, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, South Korea, Japan, Brazil, India and countries in Eastern Europe, including Russia. As of December 31, 2004, we had an active physical presence in only six (the U.S., South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, Canada and Russia) of the top 15 direct selling markets in the world. The table below shows the number of active distributors the Company had in each of our major markets.
We experienced an 81% increase in active Lexxus distributors during 2004, following a 39% increase in active distributors in 2003 compared to the prior years. The following table represents the number of active distributors by market for both Lexxus and eKaire as of December 31, 2002, 2003, and 2004.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||||
United States |
8,336 | 5,295 | 8,876 | |||||||||
Canada |
701 | 1,793 | 4,020 | |||||||||
North America |
9,037 | 7,088 | 12,896 | |||||||||
Hong Kong |
5,752 | 28,971 | 63,114 | |||||||||
Taiwan |
5,492 | 2,323 | 2,533 | |||||||||
Greater China |
11,244 | 31,294 | 65,647 | |||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | ||||||||||
Singapore |
945 | 797 | 735 | |||||||||
Philippines |
85 | 1,139 | 2,799 | |||||||||
Southeast Asia |
1,030 | 1,936 | 3,534 | |||||||||
Australia |
799 | 214 | 374 | |||||||||
New Zealand |
151 | 34 | 32 | |||||||||
Australia/NZ |
950 | 248 | 406 | |||||||||
South Korea |
702 | 3,510 | 4,780 | |||||||||
KGC (Eastern Europe/Central Asia) |
27,579 | 26,775 | 40,727 | |||||||||
Latin America |
427 | 192 | 87 | |||||||||
Central Europe |
| | 891 | |||||||||
Japan |
| | 848 | |||||||||
India |
700 | 883 | 25 | |||||||||
eKaire |
6,025 | 4,671 | 3,656 | |||||||||
Total |
57,694 | 76,597 | 133,497 | |||||||||
Lexxus without KGC |
24,090 | 45,151 | 89,114 | |||||||||
Lexxus with KGC |
51,669 | 71,926 | 129,841 | |||||||||
We intend to pursue additional foreign markets in 2005. We anticipate commencing revenue generation in Mexico (in the second quarter of 2005) and Japan (in the fourth quarter of 2005). We plan to start opening retail stores in China during the latter half of 2005.
To become a Lexxus distributor, a prospective distributor must agree to the terms and conditions of our distributor agreement (posted on our Lexxus website) and to pay a nominal $100 annual enrollment fee. KGC does not require an enrollment fee for a membership. The distributor agreement sets forth our policies and procedures, and we may elect to terminate a distributor for non-compliance. To be eligible to receive bonus compensation, which is based upon sales recorded by a distributors network of down-line distributors, a distributor may be required to make nominal monthly purchases of products. As of December 31, 2004, Lexxus had approximately 130,000 active distributors, including KGCs approximately 40,000 active distributors. Active distributors are defined as those who made at least one product purchase over the last 12 months.
To become an eKaire distributor, a prospective distributor must agree to the terms and conditions of our distributor agreement (posted on our eKaire website). To be considered active, the distributor must have placed an order for product within the
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preceding year. As of December 31, 2004, eKaire had approximately 3,600 active distributors and customers.
We pay commissions to eligible distributors based on sales by such distributors down-line distributors during a given commission period. We believe, based upon our knowledge of our competitors compensation plans, that we offer one of the highest commission payouts in the direct selling industry. We also believe that the uniqueness and efficacy of our products, combined with a high commission rate, creates a highly desirable business opportunity and work environment for our distributors. See Compensation Plans.
Distributors generally pay for products by credit card in connection with orders placed through their own Internet page at www.mylexxus.com or www.mykaire.com prior to shipment. Accordingly, we carry minimal accounts receivable and credit losses are historically minimal.
We regularly sponsor promotional meetings and participate in motivational training events in key cities around the world. These events are designed to inform prospective and existing distributors about both existing and new product lines as well as selling techniques. Distributors typically share their direct selling experiences, their individual selling styles and their recruiting methods at these promotional or training events. Prospective distributors are educated about the structure, dynamics and benefits of the direct selling industry. We are continually developing or updating our marketing strategies and programs to motivate our distributors. These programs are designed to increase distributors monthly product sales and the recruiting of new distributors in their down-lines.
Management Information Systems
The Lexxus business, with the exception of KGC, uses our proprietary MarketVision software to maintain a web-based system to process orders, to communicate volume and commissions to distributors. KGC, a majority owned subsidiary, uses a third-party service provider, Septuor Consulting (Septuor), and its software for functionalities similar to those provided by MarketVision. See Recent Developments.
The eKaire commission system uses a third-party software package, Infotrax, and provides each independent distributor with a detailed monthly accounting of all sales and recruiting activity. These statements eliminate the need for substantial record keeping on behalf of the distributor.
Other than MarketVision, which handles order processing seamlessly for all applicable markets, the Company has not automated and integrated other critical business processes such as inventory management and accounting. The Company is currently evaluating business systems to automate more of the business functions and to improve their linkage to MarketVision.
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Corporate History
The Companys current business can be traced back to Kaire Neutraceutical Inc. (Kaire), a privately owned Colorado company in direct selling. Mr. Mark Woodburn, engaged by Kaires investors, became an advisor to, and subsequently the President of, Kaire in 1999 and engaged Mr. Terry LaCore as a direct selling consultant to turn around the struggling Kaire business. Mr. Woodburn assisted Kaire with its acquisition of an inactive publicly traded entity, Natural Health Trends Corp. (the Company), originally incorporated in Florida in 1988, and reverse-merged Kaire into the Company in 1999. In 2000, Kaire Nutraceutical Inc. was sold to certain private investors. Also in 2000, the Company was relocated to Dallas. The relocation was an ultimately successful effort in reducing cost and improving the Companys coordination with key vendors.
In January 2001, the Company with certain minority investors launched the Lexxus business in the U.S. The move was followed by a string of international expansions of the Lexxus business that significantly fueled the growth of the Company.
The following is a summary of the years Lexxus entered into various international markets:
| | Canada, Australia, New Zealand: 2001 | |||
| | Russia and Eastern Europe: January 2002. The business in this region was re-organized into KGC in November 2003. | |||
| | Hong Kong: March 2002. | |||
| | India: April 2002. (Due to poor operating performance, management terminated the Indian operations in the second quarter of 2004.) | |||
| | Singapore: June 2002. | |||
| | The Philippines: November 2002. | |||
| | South Korea: June 2003. | |||
| | Mexican: November 2004. | |||
| | Colombia: November 2004. | |||
| | Japan: December 2004. | |||
| | Indonesia: December 2004. | |||
| | Malaysia: January, 2005. | |||
I Luv My Pet (ILMP) was formed as a wholly owned subsidiary in the fourth quarter of 2003 to launch a new line of business focused on the pet food and supplement market. Sales of ILMP products were substantially below expectations and total revenue from ILMP operations was insignificant. After an evaluation in the third quarter of 2004, the Company elected to wind down the operations of ILMP. As of December 2004, the operations of ILMP were terminated.
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Geographic Locations
The Company operates in more than 30 countries. The Companys business is generally organized along geographic lines within the two different brands:
| | Lexxus has active physical presence in the following markets: |
| o | North America (The United States and Canada) | |||
| o | Greater China (Hong Kong, Taiwan and China) and Southeast Asia (Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia) | |||
| o | Eastern Europe (Russia and other former Soviet Union republics) | |||
| o | Australia and New Zealand | |||
| o | South Korea | |||
| o | Japan | |||
| o | Mexico | |||
| | eKaire has active physical presence in the following markets |
| o | North America (The United States and Canada) | |||
| o | Australia and New Zealand | |||
| | Natural Health Trends Corp., the corporate entity is mainly staffed in Dallas, Texas and Minneapolis, Minnesota. |
Please also see Item 2. Properties for specific cities of our facilities.
Employees
The combined total number of world-wide employees for our company was 143, at December 31, 2004, including 21 management, 65 sales and customer support, 7 marketing, 18 administrative, 14 accounting and 18 warehouse positions. The Company had 138 full-time and 5 part-time employees.
Out of the 143 worldwide employees, the offices in the U.S. had 31 employees, Canada 9, Hong Kong 30, Taiwan 29, the Philippines 11, Singapore 7, Indonesia 1, South Korea 17, Mexico 2, Japan 1, and Australia 5.
Seasonality
We believe that the seasonality of the recruitment of distributors and the general sales volume do not correlate with that of traditional retail sales. For instance, most of our distributors operate as a home-based business. Distributors tend to take typical vacations such as summer and winter holidays, thus, decreasing our sales volume during such vacation periods.
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Intellectual Property
Most of the eKaire and Lexxus products are packaged under a private label arrangement. We have applied for trademark registration for names, logos and various product names in several countries into which eKaire and Lexxus are doing business or considering expanding into. We currently have three trademark registrations in the United States and two trademark applications pending with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Our registered trademarks expire or become renewable in 2007 and 2008, and we rely on common law trademark rights to protect our unregistered trademarks. These common law trademark rights do not provide us with the same level of protection as afforded by a United States federal registration trademark. Common law trademark rights are limited to the geographic area in which the trademark is actually utilized, while a United States federal registration of a trademark enables the registrant to discontinue the unauthorized use of the trademark by a third party anywhere in the United States even if the registrant has never used the trademark in the geographic area where the trademark is being used, provided, however, that the unauthorized third party user has not, prior to the registration date, perfected its common law rights in the trademark within that geographic area.
In November 2001, the inventor of our Alura product, from whom we have a license to distribute Alura, was awarded a patent for the formulation of that product.
On November 1, 2004, Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. filed a lawsuit against the Company and Lexxus which alleges that by using the name Lexxus we have diluted and infringed upon Toyotas Lexus trademark. Toyota seeks to enjoin the Company and Lexxus from using the Lexxus mark and otherwise competing unfairly with Toyota, to transfer the ownership of the mylexxus.com and lexxusinternational.com Internet sites to Toyota, and reimbursement of costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred by Toyota in connection with this matter. If the Company is unsuccessful in defending this action, the Company may be required to change the name of some or all of its Lexxus subsidiaries, certain products and domain names. See Legal Proceedings.
Insurance
The Company currently carries general liability insurance in the amount of $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 in the aggregate as well as customary cargo and other insurance coverage, including on international subsidiaries. We do not carry product liability insurance, but may be covered by the insurance maintained by our principal suppliers. There can be no assurance, however, that product liability insurance would be available, and if available, that it would be sufficient to cover potential claims or that an adequate level of coverage would be available in the future at a reasonable cost, if at all. A successful product liability claim could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In November 2004, Dorothy Porter filed a complaint against the Company for strict liability, breach of warranty and negligence in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Illinois, alleging that she sustained a brain hemorrhage after taking Formula One, an ephedra-containing product
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marketed by Kaire Nutraceuticals Inc., a former subsidiary of the Company. See Legal Proceedings.
Working with Distributors
Sponsorship
The sponsoring of new distributors creates multiple levels in a direct selling structure. The persons that a distributor sponsors within the network are referred to as down-line or sponsored distributors. If down-line distributors also sponsor new distributors, they create additional levels within the structure, but their down-line distributors remain in the same down-line network as their original sponsoring distributor.
We rely on our distributors to recruit and sponsor new distributors. Our top up-line distributors tend to focus on building their network of down-line distributors. While we provide product samples, brochures and other sales materials, distributors are primarily responsible for recruiting and educating their new distributors with respect to products, the compensation plan and how to build a successful distributorship network.
Distributors are not required to sponsor other distributors as their down-line, and we do not pay any commissions for sponsoring new distributors. However, because of the financial incentives provided to those who succeed in building a distributor network that consumes and resells products, we believe that many of our distributors attempt, with varying degrees of effort and success, to sponsor additional distributors. Because they are seeking new opportunities for income, people are often attracted to become distributors after using our products and becoming regular customers or after attending introductory seminars. Once a person becomes a distributor, he or she is able to purchase products directly from us at wholesale prices via the Internet. The distributor is also entitled to sponsor other distributors in order to build a network of distributors and product users.
Compensation Plans
We believe that one of our key competitive advantages within the direct selling industry is our distributor compensation plan. Under our compensation plan, distributors are paid weekly commissions in the distributors home country, in their local currency, for product sold by that distributors down-line distributor network across all geographic markets. Distributors are not paid commissions on purchases or sales of our products made directly by them. This seamless compensation plan enables a distributor located in one country to sponsor other distributors located in other countries where we are authorized to do business.
Based upon managements knowledge of our competitors distributor compensation plans, we believe that our compensation plan is among the most financially
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rewarding plans offered to distributors by any direct selling company. Currently, there are two fundamental ways in which our distributors can earn income:
| | Through retail markups on sales of products purchased by distributors at wholesale prices; and | |||
| | Through a series of commissions paid on product purchases made by their down-line distributors. | |||
Each of our products carries a specified number of sales volume points. Commissions are based on total personal and group sales volume points per sales period. Sales volume points are essentially based upon a percentage of a products wholesale cost. As the distributors business expands from successfully sponsoring other distributors who in turn expand their own businesses by sponsoring other distributors, the distributor receives higher commissions. To be eligible to receive commissions, a distributor may be required to make nominal monthly purchases of our products. Certain of our subsidiaries do not require these nominal purchases for a distributor to be eligible to receive commissions. In determining commissions, the number of levels of down-line distributors included within the distributors commissionable group increases as the number of distributorships directly below the distributor increases.
Distributor Support
We are committed to providing a high level of support services tailored to the needs of our distributors in each marketplace we are serving. We attempt to meet the needs and build the loyalty of distributors by providing personalized distributor services and by maintaining a generous product return policy. See Product Warranties and Returns. Because many of our distributors are working on a part-time basis and have only a limited number of hours each week to concentrate on their business, we believe that maximizing a distributors efforts by providing effective distributor support has been, and could continue to be, important to our success.
Through training meetings, annual conventions, web-based messages, distributor focus groups, regular telephone conference calls and other personal contacts with distributors, we seek to understand and satisfy the needs of our distributors. Via our websites, we provide product fulfillment and tracking services that result in user-friendly and timely product distribution. Most of our offices maintain meeting rooms, which our distributors may utilize for training and sponsoring activities. We do not believe that most of our distributors maintain a significant inventory of our products.
To help maintain communication with our distributors, we offer the following support programs:
Teleconferences. Lexxus and eKaire hold teleconferences with company management and associate field leadership on various subjects such as technical product discussions, distributor organization building and management techniques.
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Internet. We maintain websites at www.naturalhealthtrendscorp.com, www.kaire.com, www.lexxusinternational.com, www.kgcnetworks.com, www.mylexxus.com, and www.mykaire.com. On each website, the user can read company news, learn more about various products, sign up to be a distributor, place orders, and track the fulfillment and delivery of their order.
Product Literature. We offer a variety of literature to distributors, including product catalogs, informational brochures, pamphlets and posters for individual products.
Toll Free Access. eKaire offers a toll free number to place orders and to sponsor new distributors. Lexxus offers these services only through its websites. Both eKaire and Lexxus offer live consumer support where a customer service representative can address general questions or concerns.
Broadcast E-mail. Announcements about Lexxus and eKaire are sent via e-mail to all active distributors.
Technology and Internet Initiatives
We believe that the Internet has become increasingly important to our business as more consumers communicate online and purchase products over the Internet as opposed to traditional retail and direct sales channels. As a result, we have committed significant resources to our e-commerce capabilities and the abilities of our distributors to take advantage of the Internet. Substantially all of our sales during 2003 and 2004 occurred via the Internet. eKaire has a personalized website for its distributors to purchase products via the Internet at www.mykaire.com. Lexxus offers a global web page that allows a distributor to have a personalized website at www.mylexxus.com through which he or she can sell products in more than 30 international markets.
Rules Affecting Distributors
We monitor regulations in each country in which we do business as well as the activity of distributors to ensure that our distributors comply with local laws. Our distributor policies and procedures establish the rules that distributors must follow in each country. We also monitor distributor activity in an attempt to provide our distributors with a level playing field so that one distributor may not be disadvantaged by the activities of another. We require our distributors to present products and business opportunities in an ethical and professional manner. Distributors further agree that their presentations to customers must be consistent with, and limited to, the product claims and representations made in our literature.
We require that we produce or pre-approve all sales aids used by distributors such as videotapes, audiotapes, brochures and promotional clothing. Further, distributors may not use any form of media advertising to promote products unless it is pre-approved by the Company. Products may be promoted only by personal contact or by literature
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produced or approved by us. Distributors are not entitled to use our trademarks or other intellectual property without our prior consent.
Our compliance department reviews reports of alleged distributor misbehavior. If we determine that a distributor has violated our distributor policies or procedures, we may terminate the distributors rights completely. Alternatively, we may impose sanctions, such as warnings, probation, withdrawal or denial of an award, suspension of privileges of the distributorship, fines, withholding commissions, until specified conditions are satisfied or other appropriate injunctive relief. Our distributors are independent contractors, not employees, and may act independently of us. Further, our distributors may resign or terminate their distributorship at any time without notice. See Risk Factor Although Our Distributors Are Independent Contractors, Improper Distributor Actions That Violate Laws or Regulations Could Harm Our Business.
Recent Developments
On March 29, 2004, the Company purchased shares of common stock owned by the minority stockholders of Lexxus U.S. (representing the 49% interest not owned by the Company) in exchange for 100,000 shares of the Companys common stock. The total purchase price, including acquisition related costs of approximately $7,000, was approximately $1,969,000 based upon the average closing price of the Companys common stock of $23.08 discounted by 15%. See Acquisitions and Related Party Transactions in Item 8.
On March 31, 2004, the Company entered into a merger agreement with MarketVision Communications Corp. (MarketVision), the exclusive provider of the direct selling software used by our Lexxus businesses around the world since mid-2001. See Acquisitions and Related Party Transactions in Item 8.
On April 12, 2004, an investigative television program was aired in the Peoples Republic of China with respect to the operations of the Companys Hong Kong subsidiary and the representative office located in Beijing. The television program alleged that Lexxuss Hong Kong operations engaged in fraudulent activities and sold products without proper permits. After a thorough internal investigation of the issues raised in the television program, the Company nonetheless concluded that additional training and development of certain Lexxus independent distributors located in Hong Kong was warranted. The Company then began to require intensive training of its independent distributors with respect to:
| | The applicable Chinese legal requirements, and | |||
| | The need for distributors to accurately and fairly describe business opportunities available to potential distributors. | |||
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In May 2004, the Company elected to suspend shipment of product to certain Hong Kong distributors until they had completed the required training. This resulted in an unshipped sales backlog of orders to be shipped of approximately $6,598,000 as of June 30, 2004. By September 30, 2004, training of the distributors was substantially completed. Furthermore, to accommodate the concerns of many independent distributors, Lexxus extended its existing 14-day return policy in Hong Kong to 180 days to allow distributors and customers who purchased products during the two-week period prior to, and the two-week period after, the airing of the television program to return purchased merchandise for a full refund. In addition, the Company decided not to seek recovery for any commissions already paid to its distributors related to product sales recorded during this period that were subsequently returned. Due to the adverse publicity caused by the airing of the television program, revenues from Hong Kong declined significantly during the second and third quarters of 2004.
On April 19, 2004, the Company purchased 510,000 shares of common stock owned by the minority stockholders of Lexxus International Co., Ltd. (Taiwan), a Taiwan limited liability corporation (Lexxus Taiwan) which represented the 30% interest in Lexxus Taiwan not owned by the Company. For these shares of Lexxus Taiwan, the Company paid $136,000 in cash.
On October 6, 2004, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors as well as certain officers and directors of the Company. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company agreed to sell 1,369,704 units at a price of $12.595 per unit, raising approximately $16 million proceeds, net of transaction costs. See Private Placement of Units.
The Company intends to generate revenue in both the Mexican and Japanese markets in 2005. As of December 2004, management teams were recruited and new entities were established for both markets. The Company expects that the Mexican operations could start to generate revenue by the second quarter of 2005, and the Japanese operations should begin to generate revenue sometime by the fourth quarter of 2005.
In June 2004, Lexxus obtained a business license in China. The license stipulates a capital requirement of $12 million over a three-year period, including a $1.8 million initial payment the Company made in January 2005. In planning for a retail operation, the Company estimates that each retail store will cost approximately $50,000 to $100,000 and is evaluating the number, location, timing, and format of store openings. The Company is evaluating ways to develop a retail-based operation in China. Direct selling is currently prohibited in China. Though the Chinese government is drafting the pertinent legislation and has published preliminary versions of the new laws, the Company cannot be sure when the new laws could become effective or whether the Company will satisfy the requirements necessary to obtain a direct selling license in the near future. In the interim, the Company plans to follow the path of some of our peer companies that have already commenced selling in China by selling products from company-owned or
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franchised retail stores. The Company is assessing where to open the first stores and how to structure its business in China.
On February 22, 2005, the Companys common stock began trading on The NASDAQ National Market under the ticker symbol BHIP.
On March 23, 2005, the Company filed a Current Report on Form 8-K to report, after consultantion with its audit committee, that an amendment to its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2003 and for the first quarter of 2004 is warranted as certain commission and transportation-related expenses incurred as of December 31, 2003 were under-accrued and certain revenues not earned until 2004 were improperly recorded as revenue by its Eastern European business, KGC Networks Ptd. Ltd., for the year ended December 31, 2003. The restatement of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2003 will reduce the Companys revenue by approximately $310,000, increase cost of goods sold by approximately $180,000, increase distributor commission expense by approximately $460,000, reduce minority interest expense by approximately $300,000, and reduce after-tax net income by approximately $650,000 for the quarter as well as the year ended December 31, 2003.
For the quarter ended March 31, 2004, the restatement will increase the Companys revenue by approximately $310,000, reduce cost of goods sold by approximately $180,000, reduce distributor commission expense by approximately $460,000, increase minority interest expense by approximately $300,000, and increase after-tax net income by approximately $650,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2004.
Although the financial statements for the three month periods ended June 30, 2004 and September 30, 2004 are unaffected by this error, the consolidated financial statements for the second and third quarters of 2004 include inaccurate information on a year to date basis because they include the erroneous information from the first quarter of 2004 which financial statements should not be relied upon. The Company also intends to file in the near future an amended annual report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2003, and amended quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the first three quarters of 2004.
Private Placement of Units
In October 2004, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (and subscription agreements with respect to certain Canadian investors) and a registration rights agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors as well as certain officers and directors of the Company. Pursuant to the purchase and subscription agreements, the Company agreed to sell, and the buyers agreed to purchase, a total of 1,369,704 units of the Companys securities at a price of $12.595 per unit. Each unit consists of one share of common stock, and one common stock purchase warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at any time through October 6, 2009 at an exercise price of $12.47 per share. Assuming the exercise of all the warrants, the net proceeds to the Company will be an additional $17 million.
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Pursuant to the registration rights agreement, the Company has agreed to register the shares included in the units and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants for resale under the Act. The registration rights agreement provides for the payment of certain liquidated damages in the event that delays are experienced in the Securities and Exchange Commissions declaring that registration statement effective. The Company agrees to use commercially reasonable effort to effect and maintain the effectiveness of a registration statement. If the registration statement is not effective 180 days after the closing date, or approximately April 4, 2005, the Company will pay the buyers approximately $85,000, which also applies to any of Companys possible failure to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement after its initial effectiveness. The Company does not expect an effective registration statement within the required 180 day period. The registration rights agreement also provides indemnification and contribution remedies to the buyers in connection with the resale of shares pursuant to such registration statement.
Each of (i) Sir Brian Wolfson, Chairman of the Board of the Company, (ii) Mark D. Woodburn, President and a director of the Company, (iii) Terry LaCore, an executive officer and a director of the Company, (iv) Chris Sharng, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, (v) John Cavanaugh, President of MarketVision, and (vi) Robert Hesse, a director of the Company, invested approximately $25,000 and purchased 1,984 units upon the same terms and conditions as the other buyers in the private placement. See Principal Shareholders Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.
Government Regulations
Government Regulation of Direct Selling Activities
Direct selling activities are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies in the United States and foreign countries. These laws and regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes often referred to as pyramid schemes, that compensate participants for recruiting additional participants irrespective of product sales, use high pressure recruiting methods and/or do not involve legitimate products. The laws and regulations in our current markets often:
| | impose cancellation/product return, inventory buy backs and cooling off rights for consumers and distributors; | |||
| | require us or our distributors to register with governmental agencies; | |||
| | impose reporting requirements; and | |||
| | impose upon us requirements, such as requiring distributors to maintain levels of retail sales to qualify to receive commissions, to ensure that distributors are being compensated for sales of products and not for recruiting new distributors. | |||
The laws and regulations governing direct selling are modified from time to time to address concern of regulators. For example, in South Korea new regulations were adopted that, among other things, restrict direct selling marketing companies from
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imposing certain personal sales quota to obtain or maintain distributorship or favorable compensation rates, modify product return requirements so that product must be returned within a shorter period of time, and require the companies to show sufficient insurance or guarantee to reimburse customers and/or distributors for cancelled or unfilled orders. We have had to make some modifications to our compensation plan and policies in order to be in compliance with all of these rules.
Based on research conducted in opening our existing markets, the nature and scope of inquiries from government regulatory authorities, and our history of operations in such markets to date, we believe that our methods of distribution are in compliance in all material respects with the laws and regulations relating to direct selling activities of the countries in which we currently operate. Many countries currently still have laws in place that would prohibit us from conducting business in such markets. There can be no assurance that we would be allowed to continue to conduct business in each of our existing markets that we currently service or any new market we may enter in the future.
Regulation of Our Products
Our products and related promotional and marketing activities are subject to extensive governmental regulation by numerous domestic and foreign governmental agencies and authorities, including the FDA, the FTC, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the United States Department of Agriculture, state attorneys general and other state regulatory agencies, and similar government agencies in each country in which we operate. For example, in Taiwan, all medicated cosmetic and pharmaceutical products require registration. These regulations can limit our ability to import products into new markets and can delay introductions of new products into existing markets as we comply with the registration and approval process for our products.
During the fall of 2003, the customs agency of the government of South Korea brought a charge against LXK, Ltd., the Companys wholly owned subsidiary operating in South Korea, with respect to the importation of the Companys Alura product. The customs agency alleges that Alura is not a cosmetic product, but rather should be categorized and imported as a pharmaceutical product. This allegation prevailed in a Seoul district court ruling in February 2005. In the verdict, the Company was fined and prohibited from marketing Alura. The Company is evaluating an appeal. See Note 8 Legal Matters in Commitments and Contingencies of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Some of our products are strictly regulated in certain markets in which we operate. These markets have varied regulations that apply to and distinguish nutritional health supplements from drugs or pharmaceutical products. For example, the FDA of the United States under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act regulates our products. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act has been amended several times with respect to nutritional supplements, most recently by the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act establishes rules for determining whether a product is a dietary
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supplement. Under this statute, dietary supplements are regulated more like foods than drugs, are not subject to the food additive provisions of the law, and are generally not required to obtain regulatory approval prior to being introduced to the market. None of this limits, however, the FDAs power to remove an unsafe substance from the market. In the event a product, or an ingredient in a product, is classified as a drug or pharmaceutical product in any market, we would generally not be able to distribute that product in that market through our distribution channel because of strict restrictions applicable to drug and pharmaceutical products.
Most of our existing major markets also regulate product claims and advertising regarding the types of claims and representations that can be made regarding the efficacy of products, particularly dietary supplements. Accordingly, these regulations can limit our ability and that of our distributors to inform consumers of the full benefits of our products. For example, in the United States, we are unable to make any claim that any of our nutritional supplements will diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat or prevent disease. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act permits only substantiated, truthful and non-misleading statements of nutritional support to be made in labeling, such as statements describing general well-being resulting from consumption of a dietary ingredient or the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient in affecting or maintaining a structure or a function of the body. In addition, all product claims must be substantiated.
Other Regulatory Issues
As a company incorporated in the United States and operating through subsidiaries in foreign jurisdictions, we are subject to foreign exchange control, various forms of withholding taxes and transfer pricing laws that regulate the flow of funds between our subsidiaries and us for product purchases, management services and contractual obligations such as the payment of distributor commissions.
Product Warranties and Returns
Lexxus. The Lexxus refund policies and procedures closely follow industry and country-specific standards, which vary greatly by country. For example, in the United States, the Direct Selling Association recommends that direct sellers permit returns during the twelve-month period following the sale, while in Hong Kong the standard return policy is 14 days following the sale. We have conformed our return policies to local laws or the recommendation of the local direct selling association. In most cases, distributors may return unopened product that is in resalable condition for a partial refund. Lexxus must be notified of the return in writing and such written requests would be considered a termination notice of the distributorship.
From time to time we alter our return policy in response to special circumstances. For example, in April 2004, an investigative television program was aired in the Peoples Republic of China with respect to the operations of the Companys Hong Kong subsidiary and the Lexxus representative office located in Beijing. The television program made allegations that Lexxuss Hong Kong operations engaged in fraudulent
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activities and sold products without proper permits. In order to address the concerns of many independent distributors, Lexxus extended its existing 14-day return policy in Hong Kong to 180 days to allow distributors and customers who purchased products during the two-week period prior to, and the two-week period after, the airing of the television program to return purchased merchandise for a full refund. See Recent Developments in Item 1. In October 2004, this special extended product return policy expired.
eKaire. eKaire product warranties and refund policies are similar to those of other companies in the industry. If a distributor is not satisfied with the product then he/she can return the product to eKaire for a full refund within ninety (90) days of the first time the product was purchased. A distributor may return or exchange products that are unopened and in resalable condition thirty (30) days after the date of purchase.
Our Industry
We are engaged in the direct selling industry, selling life-style enhancement products, cosmetics, personal care and nutritional supplements. Direct selling is also referred to as network marketing or multi-level marketing. This type of organizational structure and approach to marketing and sales has proven to be extremely successful for several other direct selling companies, particularly companies selling life-style-enhancement products, cosmetics and nutritional supplements, or selling other types of consumer products, such as Tupperware Corporation and Amway Corp. Generally, direct selling is based upon an organizational structure in which independent distributors of a companys products are compensated for sales made directly to consumers.
Distributors are compensated for sales generated by distributors they recruited and all subsequent distributors recruited by their down-line network of distributors. The experience of the direct selling industry has been that once a sizeable network of distributors is established, new and alternative products and services can be offered to those distributors for sale to consumers and additional distributors. The successful introduction of new products can dramatically increase sales and profits for both distributors and the direct selling marketing organization.
According to information contained on the Direct Selling Associations website, direct selling is one of the fastest growing segments for the distribution of products on a worldwide basis. The Direct Selling Association reports that approximately 50 million individuals are now involved in direct selling worldwide, and that those involved in direct selling generate approximately $93 billion in annual sales around the world. In the United States, the direct selling channel has generated sales of approximately $29.6 billion of goods and services in 2003, making the United States the largest direct selling market in the world.
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Top Direct Selling Markets Worldwide
| Num. Of | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of | Population (000s) | Distrib./1000 | Revenue Per | |||||||||||||||||
| Market | Revenue ($MM) | Distributors (000s) | FY2002 | Population | Distributor | |||||||||||||||
USA |
$ | 29,550 | 13,300 | 287,676 | 46 | $ | 2,222 | |||||||||||||
Japan |
24,500 | 2,000 | 127,066 | 16 | $ | 12,250 | ||||||||||||||
Korea |
4,620 | 3,050 | 47,963 | 64 | $ | 1,515 | ||||||||||||||
China |
4,230 | n.a. | 1,279,161 | n.a. | n.a. | |||||||||||||||
Mexico |
3,106 | 1,820 | 103,400 | 18 | $ | 1,707 | ||||||||||||||
UK |
3,092 | 542 | 59,912 | 9 | $ | 5,702 | ||||||||||||||
France |
2,884 | 300 | 59,925 | 5 | $ | 9,613 | ||||||||||||||
Brazil |
2,815 | 1,201 | 179,914 | 7 | $ | 2,345 | ||||||||||||||
Germany |
2,615 | 213 | 82,351 | 3 | $ | 12,289 | ||||||||||||||
Italy |
2,353 | 260 | 57,927 | 4 | $ | 9,050 | ||||||||||||||
Taiwan |
1,255 | 3,200 | 22,454 | 143 | $ | 392 | ||||||||||||||
Australia |
1,155 | 650 | 19,547 | 33 | $ | 1,777 | ||||||||||||||
Malaysia |
1,030 | 3,000 | 22,662 | 132 | $ | 343 | ||||||||||||||
Canada |
950 | 898 | 31,902 | 28 | $ | 1,057 | ||||||||||||||
Russia |
896 | 1,611 | 144,979 | 11 | $ | 556 | ||||||||||||||
Thailand |
800 | 4,000 | 63,645 | 63 | $ | 200 | ||||||||||||||
Top 16 |
85,851 | 36,045 | 2,590,484 | 14 | $ | 2,382 | ||||||||||||||
Other |
6,872 | 12,937 | 3,637,910 | 4 | $ | 531 | ||||||||||||||
World |
$ | 92,723 | 48,982 | 6,228,394 | 8 | $ | 1,893 | |||||||||||||
| Source: World Federation of Direct Selling Associations |
Competition
We compete with a significant number of other retailers that are engaged in similar lines of business, including sellers of health-related