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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
 
Form 10-K
     
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
 
or
 
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the transition period from           to
Commission file number: 000-27723
 
SonicWALL, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
         
California
  7372   77-0270079
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
  (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
1143 Borregas Avenue
Sunnyvale, California 94089
(408) 745-9600
fax: (408) 745-9300
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
     
Title of Each Class   Name of Exchange on Which Registered
     
None
  None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Common Stock (no par value)
 
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     o
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes þ          No o
      The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter for the year 2004 (June 30, 2004), was $610,275,367. Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director have been excluded because such persons may, under certain circumstances, be deemed to be affiliates. The determination of affiliate or executive officer status is not necessarily conclusive for other purposes.
      The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding on February 28, 2005 was 64,742,575.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
      Certain portions of the registrant’s proxy statement for its 2004 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
 
 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
PART I
Item 1. Business
RISK FACTORS
Item 2. Properties
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Item 4. Submission Of Matters To A Vote Of Security Holders
PART II
Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity And Related Stockholder Matters
Item 5c. Stock Repurchase Program
Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data
Item 7. Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Item 8. Financial Statements And Supplementary Data
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
SONICWALL, INC. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
SONICWALL, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
SIGNATURES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT 10.34
EXHIBIT 10.35
EXHIBIT 23.1
EXHIBIT 31.1
EXHIBIT 31.2
EXHIBIT 32.1


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CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
      This Annual Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the 1934 Act. We intend that the forward-looking statements be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements in these sections. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “intend” or “continue,” the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions, reflecting our expectations for future events or our future financial performance. Actual events or results may differ materially. In evaluating these statements you should specifically consider various factors, including the risks outlined under “Risk Factors.” These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement.
      Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Annual Report.
PART I
Item 1. Business
Overview
      SonicWALL designs, develops, manufactures and sells integrated network security, mobility, and productivity solutions for small to medium size networks used in enterprises, e-commerce, education, healthcare, retail point-of-sale, and government markets. Our Internet security infrastructure products are designed to provide secure Internet access to both wired and wireless broadband customers, enable secure Internet-based connectivity for distributed organizations, and process secure transactions for enterprises and service providers. We believe our access security appliances provide high-performance, robust, reliable, easy-to-use and affordable Internet firewall security and virtual private networking (“VPN”) functionalities. Additionally, our Internet security products are designed to make our customers more productive and more mobile, while still maintaining a high level of security. As of December 31, 2004, we have sold more than 600,000 of our Internet security appliances worldwide. We also sell value-added security application services for our security appliances, including content filtering, anti-virus protection and intrusion prevention on an annual subscription basis. In addition, we license software packages such as our Global Management System (“GMS”) and our Global VPN Client. Our Global Management System enables distributed enterprises and service providers to manage and monitor a large number of SonicWALL Internet security appliances and deploy our security services from a central location to reduce staffing requirements, speed deployment and lower costs. Our Global VPN Client provides mobile users with a simple, easy-to-use solution for securely accessing the network. We also sell transaction security products designed to provide high-performance Secure Sockets Layer (“SSL”) acceleration and offloading, enabling service providers and enterprises to deploy e-commerce and web-based applications without degrading web server performance. Our products and services are primarily sold, and our software licensed, on an indirect basis through two-tiered distribution, first to distributors and then to value-added resellers, who then sell to end customers.
      Our SonicWALL product line and associated service and software offerings provide our customers with comprehensive integrated security including firewall, VPN, anti-virus, intrusion prevention, content filtering and SSL encryption and decryption functionality, giving users affordable Internet security and secure Internet transactions. SonicWALL delivers appliance solutions that we believe are high-performance, easy to install and cost-effective. With current suggested retail prices ranging from $395 to $15,995, our products are designed to assist customers to reduce life cycle costs for Internet security. By using an embedded single purpose operating system and a solid state hardware design, our products maximize reliability and uptime. The SonicWALL access security products can be used in networks ranging in size from one to more than 15,000 users and are compatible with VPN technology industry standards.

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      SonicWALL was initially incorporated in California in 1991 as Sonic Systems. In August 1999, we changed our name to SonicWALL, Inc. References in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” and “the Company” refer to SonicWALL, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 1143 Borregas Avenue, Sunnyvale, California 94089, and our telephone number is (408) 745-9600.
Industry Background
Growth of Internet Usage and Acceptance
      Businesses and consumers access the Internet for a wide variety of uses including communications, information gathering and commerce. Businesses and enterprises of all sizes have accepted the Internet as a critical yet affordable means of achieving global reach and brand awareness, allowing access and shared information among a large number of geographically dispersed employees, customers, suppliers and business partners. The Internet has become a particularly attractive solution for small and medium size businesses due to its cost effectiveness and ease-of-use. Larger enterprises also connect their internal networks to the Internet allowing for greater and quicker communications and expanded operations. Many of today’s larger enterprises also have branch offices, mobile workers and telecommuters who connect electronically to the corporate office and each other. The Internet has also become a vital tool of information access and communication for schools, libraries, government agencies and other institutions.
Increasing Use of Broadband Access Technologies
      The connection speed by which individuals and businesses and enterprises of all sizes connect to the Internet is increasing. Small to medium enterprises, branch offices and consumers are shifting from dial-up connections to substantially faster, always-on broadband connections such as digital subscriber lines (“DSL”) and cable Internet access. Larger enterprises have begun to move from T1 connectivity to T3 connectivity, and in some cases to OC-3 connectivity. These broadband connections allow for exponentially faster Internet access among many simultaneous users. Additionally, as Internet access speeds increase, both network bandwidth and network traffic speeds have significantly increased, further reflecting the ubiquity and the importance of the Internet to business operations
Importance of Internet Security
      We believe Internet security is essential for businesses and enterprises due to the large amount of confidential information transmitted or accessible over the Internet. Broadband technologies, including DSL and cable, are always connected to the Internet. This constant connectivity increases the risk that confidential information and other proprietary or otherwise sensitive information might be compromised by computer hackers, identity thieves, disgruntled employees, contractors or competitors. In addition, business or enterprise data and networks become increasingly vulnerable to security threats and sophisticated attacks as the number of connections to the Internet increase, through satellite offices or telecommuters, and the volume of confidential information accessible through the Internet increases. Breaches of network security are costly to a business, financially and from the lost productivity resulting from network and computer down-time. We believe that many enterprises are aware of the need to increase their network security budget to address these concerns; thereby increasing the confidence of users that transactions over the Internet are secure.
      The market for Internet security products includes a variety of applications to address network vulnerabilities and protect confidential data during transmission and access. These applications include, among others, firewalls, VPN access products, anti-virus solutions, intrusion prevention, content filtering and SSL encryption.
Acceptance of Firewall Solutions for Internet Security
      As network connection speeds and bandwidth have increased, and as more complex forms of data are transmitted by and within enterprises, reliable security solutions have developed that emphasize high rates of data transfer while maintaining the integrity and security of network data. Enterprises of all sizes require a broad array of high performance, cost-effective products to secure their networks, delivering firewall protection

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and VPN connectivity to both the central office headquarters and for the perimeter branch offices and telecommuters.
      We believe that hardware-based security appliances have overcome many of the shortcomings of software-based solutions. Software-based security solutions can be difficult to install and manage, often requiring dedicated and highly-skilled in-house information technology (“IT”) personnel. Additionally, software security solutions can also be difficult to integrate within networks, often requiring installation of dedicated server equipment and the use of complex load balancing switches to ensure a reliable, high-speed connection. Hardware security solutions can overcome many of these limitations by integrating firewall, VPN, anti-virus, intrusion prevention and content filtering into one easy-to-deploy device that is interoperable with other Internet Protocol Security (“IPSec”) devices. These hardware solutions can remain current through automatic update services.
Importance of Productivity and Mobility
      As security becomes a more visible component of network IT spending, the need to demonstrate a return on investment can influence the relative attractiveness of our solutions. This trend among our end users has encouraged us to develop and position our solutions to underscore productivity benefits. For example, content filtering can be used in an office environment to prevent employees from surfing on shopping or sports sites during business hours in addition to blocking objectionable material. As networks become more accessible to vendors, suppliers, customers, partners and employees on the road or at remote locations, the need for mobile solutions that are secure also increases. Our approach to mobility extends from wireless solutions to remote secure access through VPN tunnels.
The Advent of Secure Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
      Large and small enterprises utilize VPNs in the place of more costly private, dedicated networks or leased lines. VPNs allow for two or more individual networks to be linked creating one large private network. The private network is “virtual” because it leverages the public Internet as the network infrastructure. Enterprises use VPNs to achieve a variety of objectives. Telecommuters and traveling workers can access a corporate network to work from their out-of-office locations using remote access VPN. Satellite and branch offices can connect to the home office network using site-to-site VPNs. An enterprise can connect with its business partners, suppliers and customers utilizing an Extranet VPN. These VPN connections must be secure from unauthorized access and safe from unauthorized alteration. To secure a VPN, information traveling between the locations is encrypted and authenticated, typically using the IPSec protocol. To help deliver the desired quality and security levels, businesses and enterprises can monitor and prioritize network traffic for business-critical applications and allocate bandwidth for specific traffic, typically using customer premise equipment encryption and authentication products.
      In a distributed business model, branch offices and point-of-sale (POS) locations extend a company’s reach into key markets. To realize these benefits, the communication link must be available at all times and be able to support the businesses applications. VPN solutions help companies establish centralized control over branch offices, POS locations, or remote kiosks providing the robust security and performance needed for business continuance. A traditional site-to-site connection often requires the leasing of expensive, dedicated data lines that are difficult to deploy and manage. With the advent of affordable broadband and standards-based VPN, organizations can deploy secure remote access via Internet connections. With today’s VPN technology and broadband connections, enterprises of any size may use the Internet to securely communicate with their multiple locations.
Need for Anti-Virus, Intrusion Prevention and Content Filtering Solutions
      In the 2004 Computer Security Institute Computer Crime and Security Survey the two most common forms of attack or abuse reported were virus outbreaks and insider abuse of network access. In addition to lost productivity, companies and their customers and partners are vulnerable to severe financial losses. This reality has been underscored by the rapid infection of many users through widespread and highly publicized virus

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outbreaks affecting business networks around the globe. We believe that concerns about issues such as employee productivity, legal liability and network bandwidth continue to fuel the growth of content filtering. Enterprises are deploying anti-virus protection, content filtering and intrusion prevention solutions across the enterprise and expending technical resources to keep these defenses updated against the latest virus threats and objectionable or inappropriate content.
Use of SSL to Secure E-Commerce Transactions
      SSL is the most widely used encryption technology for enabling the secure transmission of confidential data in web browser-based e-commerce transactions. Data encryption provided by SSL allows e-commerce vendors to build secure systems, and also provides the basis from which a business can build trust with customers, suppliers, partners and employees.
      The growth of e-commerce on the Internet and the need for secure transactions has created increased loads on web servers, which are typically equipped with general purpose central processing units (“CPUs”). These servers were not designed to handle the processing requirements of SSL transactions and as a result, their performance, as measured by the number of transactions per second (“TPS”) that can be processed simultaneously, declines considerably with the use of SSL. The need to improve the performance of servers processing e-commerce transactions has typically been addressed by installing an SSL acceleration board within the server. While these solutions increase performance, they continue to utilize the host CPU for a portion of the transaction processing, and therefore do not fully optimize the server’s performance. We believe a more effective solution is to install an Internet appliance that fully offloads and accelerates the SSL encryption and decryption processes, thereby leaving the server free to process the unencrypted portions of the transaction and all other traffic at maximum performance. In addition, as enterprises utilize highly specialized network equipment, such as content switches, load balancers and caching appliances to provide maximum performance for high traffic web sites and Internet applications, we believe they are also seeking specialized products to address SSL encryption and decryption acceleration and offloading within these network architectures.
The SonicWALL Solutions
      SonicWALL provides comprehensive Internet security solutions that include access security and transaction security products, value-added security applications, training, consulting and support services. Our access security product line provides cost effective and high performance Internet security solutions to small, medium and large enterprise customers in commercial, healthcare, education and government markets. Our transaction security products enable our target enterprise and service provider customers to process large volumes of secure transactions using SSL technology without compromising the performance of their e-commerce or e-business applications.
      SonicWALL products are designed to provide comprehensive Internet security for (1) networks ranging in size from one to more than 15,000 users (2) enterprises having branch offices, telecommuting employees or POS locations and (3) e-commerce applications that handle millions of secure transactions daily. Our security appliances span a wide range of requirements, from single-user set-top appliances to rack-mounted enterprise-class units capable of supporting thousands of users. Our products vary to accommodate the number of supported users, the number of transactions handled, the number of ports and feature options such as anti-virus protection, content filtering and intrusion prevention, as well as management tools that enable our customers to easily manage SonicWALL appliances installed throughout their networks. Our transaction security products include appliance-based solutions, which can be deployed in sophisticated networks requiring the highest levels of transaction performance. Our SSL appliances enable web sites to maintain performance levels while processing a growing number of secure transactions.
      In addition to serving the security needs of the small to medium enterprises, SonicWALL access security products are sold as security solutions for large, distributed enterprises and their branch offices, POS locations and telecommuters. Our access security products are designed to be compatible with industry VPN technology

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standards. We believe SonicWALL transaction security products provide a solution for enterprises and service providers who are deploying high-performance e-commerce applications.
      As of December 31, 2004, we have sold more than 600,000 of our Internet security appliances worldwide. The SonicWALL product line provides our customers with the following key benefits:
  •  High-Performance, Scalable and Robust Access Security. The SonicWALL product line provides a comprehensive integrated security solution that includes firewall, VPN, anti-virus, intrusion prevention and content filtering. Our access security products protect private networks against Internet-based theft, destruction or modification of data, and can automatically notify customers if their network is under certain types of attack. SonicWALL has been awarded the internationally recognized International Computer Security Association (“ICSA”) Firewall Certification. Our VPN products enable affordable, secure communications among remote offices, mobile employees and business partners over the Internet. Our anti-virus services provide comprehensive virus protection with automatic updates and minimal administration. Our content filtering service enables customers such as businesses, schools, government agencies and libraries to restrict access to objectionable or inappropriate web sites.
 
  •  High-Performance, Robust Transaction Security. The SonicWALL product line also includes SSL acceleration and offloading products which completely offload SSL processing, thereby increasing server performance. This increased server performance allows enterprises and service providers to accelerate e-commerce transactions. By accelerating and offloading the processing of secure e-commerce transactions, our SSL products allow web sites to handle significantly higher volumes of customer traffic.
 
  •  Ease of Installation and Use. The SonicWALL product line delivers “plug-and-play” appliances designed for easy installation and use. Installation consists of connecting a SonicWALL device between the private network and the broadband Internet access device for our access security products and in front of the e-commerce web server for our transaction security products. SonicWALL products are easily configured and managed through a web browser-based interface or through our Global Management System. No reconfiguration of any personal computer application is required. Our access security products are pre-configured to interface with major Internet access technologies, including cable, DSL, Integrated Services Design Network (“ISDN”), Frame Relay and T-1 via Ethernet. Our transaction security products are compatible with major web server and e-commerce software products and are designed to operate in the most sophisticated and highest traffic network architectures.
 
  •  Low Total Cost of Ownership. The SonicWALL product design minimizes the purchase, installation and maintenance costs of Internet security. The suggested retail prices of our access security products begin at $395 and scale up with products and features that span a wide array of customer requirements. Our affordable, easy-to-manage Internet security appliances also enable customers to avoid employee expenses that may otherwise be required to implement and maintain an effective Internet security solution.
 
  •  Reliability. The SonicWALL product design maximizes reliability and uptime. Our products use an embedded single purpose operating system and a solid state hardware design. Some competitive product offerings consist of software installed on general-purpose host computers that use the Windows NT or UNIX operating systems. General-purpose operating systems are designed to run multiple applications, creating an environment less dedicated to security. In such circumstances we believe the probability of random system crashes may increase. Moreover, since general-purpose computers contain many moving parts, such as hard disk drives, floppy drives, fans and switching power supplies, they are more prone to hardware failures over time. Such software and hardware failures may compromise Internet security.

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Strategy
      Our goal is to extend our leadership position by continuing the transition to a comprehensive provider of integrated security, productivity and mobility solutions. We plan to accomplish our goal by focusing on Value Innovation, the process whereby we deliver solutions with price-performance advantages.
      Key elements of our strategy include:
  •  Global Growth. We plan to focus our investment in those geographical areas that can return the growth rates consistent with a global high-tech organization. Part of the global growth initiative also includes taking advantage of supply chain improvements wherever possible. We believe that this type of alignment of our resources will strengthen our global position.
 
  •  Continue to Develop New Products. We intend to use our product design and development expertise to produce outstanding solutions that deliver value to our end-users.
 
  •  Continuous Cost Reduction. We anticipate that the hardware appliance business will continue to operate under the same economic pressures common to the IT industry generally. The constraints include constant pressure for improved price-performance. We intend to be vigorous in our pursuit to lower costs in all aspects of our business. Supply chain improvements and overall continual business process improvement are key components of this initiative. We believe that the associated cost reductions will strengthen our market position and assist us in penetrating new markets.
 
  •  Strengthen Our Indirect Channel. Our target markets are generally served by a two-tier distribution channel. We believe we have successfully penetrated these markets with large scale distributors at the hub of our model and over 10,000 value-added resellers and systems integrators forming a distribution web that covers over 50 countries. We intend to continue to implement programs designed to enhance our competitive position through distributors and value added resellers.
 
  •  Increase Services and Software Revenue. We intend to continue to develop new service and licensed software offerings to generate additional revenue from our installed base and provide additional functionality ancillary to our product sales. We currently offer integrated gateway anti-virus, client anti-virus, intrusion prevention and content filtering subscription services. We also offer fee-based customer support services and training to our customers. We have dedicated sales and marketing personnel and programs that focus on selling these services, as well as add-on products to our existing base of customers.
Products and Services
      SonicWALL provides comprehensive Internet security solutions that include access security and transaction security products, value-added security applications, and training, consulting and support services. Our access security product line provides cost effective and high performance Internet security solutions to small, medium and large enterprise customers in commercial, healthcare, education and government markets. Our transaction security products enable our target enterprise and service provider customers to process large volumes of secure transactions using SSL technology without compromising the performance of their e-commerce or e-business applications.
      Our Global Management System (“GMS”) enables distributed enterprises and service providers to manage and monitor a large number of SonicWALL Internet security appliances and deploy our security services from a central location to speed deployment, reduce staffing requirements and lower costs.
Access Security Features
      SonicWALL access security products include high performance, solid-state Internet security appliances are designed to provide integrated security to meet the needs of the individual telecommuter through a large

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distributed enterprise. SonicWALL Internet security appliances share a common set of Internet security features that have been tailored to meet the needs of our target markets:
      Deep Packet Inspection Firewall Security. Our firewall technology is designed to protect private networks against Internet-based theft, destruction or modification of data, and automatically notifies customers if their networks are under attack. SonicWALL has been awarded the internationally recognized ICSA Firewall Certification. In addition, the firewall technology in our products detects and thwarts certain “denial of service” attacks and deliver intelligent, real-time network security protection against sophisticated application layer and content-based attacks.
      Internet Protocol Address Management. SonicWALL products also include Network Address Translation (“NAT”) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (“DHCP”) client and server capabilities. NAT allows a customer to connect multiple users on their private network to the Internet using a single public IP Address. DHCP Client allows the appliance to automatically acquire its IP address settings from the Internet Service Provider (“ISP”). DHCP Server allows computers on the private network to automatically acquire IP address settings from the appliance, simplifying client personal computer configuration.
      Web Browser-Based Management. SonicWALL appliances are easily and securely configured and managed through a web browser-based interface. The SonicWALL interface effectively insulates the user from the underlying complexity of Internet security, while providing enough flexibility to meet the diverse needs of our customers.
      Logging and Reporting. SonicWALL appliances maintain an event log of potential security concerns, which can be viewed with a web browser or automatically sent on a periodic basis to any e-mail address. SonicWALL appliances notify the administrator of high-priority security issues, such as an attack on a server, by immediately sending an alert message to a priority e-mail account such as an e-mail pager. SonicWALL also provides pre-defined reports that show different views of Internet usage, such as the most commonly accessed web sites.
Internet Gateway Appliances
      SonicWALL Internet gateway appliances vary with respect to the number of supported users, the number of ports, product features, processor speed and scalability. During 2003 and 2004 we introduced a new generation of products for both our PRO Series appliances as well as our TZ Series appliances.
      SonicWALL’s current generation line of Internet gateway appliances includes:
      SonicWALL TZ 150. This Internet security appliance delivers layered protection to small and home offices through an integrated deep packet inspection firewall/VPN in an easy-to-use, low cost platform. Its compact form factor includes a single Ethernet WAN port and four-port LAN switch, allowing multiple devices to connect safely to the network.
      SonicWALL TZ 170 and TZ 170 Wireless. This Internet security appliance is designed to provide a total security platform, delivering network security, flexibility and reliability to home, small, remote and branch offices. This high performance deep packet inspection firewall/VPN ships in multiple node configurations and offers a choice between absolute ease-of-use for basic networks and ultimate flexibility for networks with more complex needs. The functionality of the TZ 170 is extended by the integrated 5-port medium dependent interface crossover (“MDIX”) switch allowing multiple computers to be networked together. The TZ 170 Wireless provides all the same features plus wireless connectivity over 802.11b/g ratio.
      SonicWALL TZ 170 SP and TZ 170 SP Wireless. This Internet security appliance is designed to provide a total security platform ensuring continuous network uptime for critical, secure data connectivity through integrated and automated broadband and analog failover and failback technologies. This high performance deep packet inspection firewall/ VPN offers automated broadband-to-broadband-to-analog WAN redundancy for unparalleled network uptime. The TZ 170 SP Wireless provides all the same features plus secure 802.11b/g wireless connectivity.

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      SonicWALL PRO 1260. This Internet security appliance is designed to provide a total security and switching platform delivering network security and flexibility to small business and remote office networks through an integrated deep inspection firewall/ VPN and wire-speed 24-port, auto-MDIX Layer 2 switch.
      SonicWALL PRO 2040. This Internet security appliance is designed to provide a comprehensive network security, mobility and productivity solution utilizing a high performance architecture to deliver business-class firewall and VPN performance, advanced features and configuration flexibility in a rack-mounted appliance. The PRO 2040 includes a high performance architecture with a deep packet inspection firewall and 3DES/ AES VPN.
      SonicWALL PRO 3060. This Internet security appliance is designed to provide a total security platform for complex networks, utilizing six fully configurable Ethernet interfaces to provide cost-effective, enterprise-class firewall throughput and VPN concentration. The PRO 3060 is powered by the SonicOS 2.0 firmware which provides hardware fail-over, wide-area network (“WAN”) ISP fail-over and an automated secondary VPN gateway, ensuring continuous network uptime. This product can support up to 128,000 concurrent sessions, 25 VPN client sessions for remote users and 500 to 1,000 VPN site-to-site connections.
      SonicWALL PRO 4060. This Internet security appliance is designed to provide all of the features of the PRO 3060, but increases the concurrent sessions to 500,000, VPN client sessions for remote users to 1,000 and VPN site-to-site connections to 3,000.
      SonicWALL PRO 5060. This Internet security appliance is a high performance, multi-service security gateway for medium-to-large networks integrating gigabit-class firewall, VPN, intrusion prevention, anti-virus and content filtering into a single platform that is designed to be easy to install and manage. The PRO 5060 is powered by high performance architecture delivering 1+ Gbps deep packet inspection firewall and 500 Mbps 3DES/ AES VPN throughput.
      SonicWALL Content Security Manager. We believe our Content Security Management solutions enhance the security of the network and the productivity of the workforce. Built on SonicWALL’s security technology, these appliance-based solutions integrate seamlessly into virtually any network environment to deliver scalable, cost-effective content management. The SonicWALL Content Security Manager 2100 CF delivers appliance-based Internet filtering that enhances security and employee productivity, optimizes network utilization and mitigates legal liabilities by managing access to objectionable Web content.
Security Application and Services
      SonicWALL Internet security appliances integrate seamlessly with our line of value-added security applications to provide a complete Internet security solution. With SonicWALL’s integrated security applications and services, we believe users can reduce the integration and maintenance problems that often result from sourcing, installing, and maintaining security products and services from multiple vendors.
      SonicWALL Global VPN Client. Our virtual private networking capabilities enable affordable and secure communications over the Internet between geographically dispersed offices, workers and partners.
      SonicWALL Content Filtering Service. Our content filtering service enables businesses, families, schools and libraries to control access to objectionable or inappropriate web sites. SonicWALL can filter Internet content by uniform resource locator (“URL”), keyword or application type. We offer a content filtering subscription service that provides a list of objectionable web sites that is automatically updated on an hourly basis.
      SonicWALL Anti-Virus. Our anti-virus subscription service can ease the challenges of installing and maintaining anti-virus protection throughout an enterprise and across a distributed network. This SonicWALL service integrates with our security appliances to deploy and maintain anti-virus software for each user on the network without the need for desktop-by-desktop installation, configuration and maintenance. Automatic anti-virus updates insulate all network nodes from new virus outbreaks.
      SonicWALL Gateway Anti-Virus and Intrusion Prevention. SonicWALL Gateway Anti-Virus and Intrusion Prevention Service integrates gateway anti-virus and intrusion prevention to deliver intelligent, real-

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time network security protection against sophisticated application layer and content-based attacks. Utilizing a configurable, high performance deep packet inspection architecture, SonicWALL Gateway Anti-Virus and Intrusion Prevention Service is designed to secure the network from the core to the perimeter against a comprehensive array of dynamic threats including viruses, worms, Trojans and software vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows, as well as peer-to-peer and instant messenger applications, backdoor exploits, and other malicious code.
Transaction Security Products
      Our transaction security products utilize SSL technology and high-performance ASIC designs to provide high levels of performance and security for businesses and service providers. We believe SonicWALL SSL products are capable of boosting e-commerce web site performance by offloading the processing burden of SSL transactions. We believe SonicWALL’s SSL products deliver transaction security for the enterprise, e-commerce and service provider markets.
      SonicWALL SSL Appliances. Our SSL appliances are designed to easily install in front of any web server or cluster tasked with secure transaction processing. These appliances are designed to provide web server independence to eliminate the requirement to configure secure processing properties on the host application. The SSL appliances include redundant power supplies and a fail-over port for high availability SSL processing.
Global Security Management Applications
      Today, enterprises and service providers face an increasing security management challenge resulting from geographically distributed networks. As a distributed network grows and branches into multiple sub-networks linked by the Internet, so does the complexity of managing security policies. A weakness in security implementation at any remote location can expose the entire network infrastructure to attack.
      For network administrators, managing security for distributed networks on a site-by-site basis places a strain on resources. Visits to remote sites to setup security, inspect security installations, or provide training to local personnel is time consuming, expensive and impractical. Administrators cannot be certain that every installation in the distributed network is complying with company security policies. To address these realities, SonicWALL’s GMS is designed to provide global security management. This software application is designed to provide network administrators with configuration and management tools to globally define, distribute, enforce and deploy the full range of security application services and upgrades for thousands of SonicWALL Internet security appliances.
Customer Service and Technical Support
      We offer our customers a complete range of support programs that include electronic support, product maintenance and personalized technical support services on a worldwide basis. In 2003 a support center was opened in Bangalore, India, to supplement the level of services we provide our global customers. We offer direct support to customers in North America, Europe, Japan and selected countries in Asia Pacific. Support services in other locations are provided through SonicWALL distributors. We now have five customer support centers located in Sunnyvale, California; Phoenix, Arizona; Boxtel, The Netherlands; Tokyo, Japan and Bangalore, India. Most of our technical support function in all locations is outsourced to third party service providers under agreements that may be cancelled upon advance written notice of either 90 or 180 days. Outsourcing our technical support enables us to reduce fixed overhead and personnel costs and allows us the flexibility to meet market demand. SonicWALL provides direct support for enterprise customers and certain channel partners who require custom services.
      Our standard service offerings include support which is available during normal business hours, as well as support services with access 24 hours a day, seven days a week. These support offerings provide replacement for failing hardware, telephone or web-based technical support and firmware updates. For certain large customers, SonicWALL also offers custom support agreements that may include additional features like dedicated technical account management, accelerated escalation and logistical support.

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Customers
      We sell our products through distributors, resellers and original equipment manufacturers. As of December 31, 2004, we sold more than 600,000 Internet security appliances. The following lists our top international and domestic distributors based on revenues in the year ended December 31, 2004.
      Top Domestic and International Distributors
          •  Ingram Micro
 
          •  Tech Data
 
          •  Securematics, Inc.
 
          •  Alternative Technology
 
          •  Azlan Group (UK)
 
          •  Ideal Hardware (UK)
 
          •  Tek Data (UK)
 
          •  Canon Solutions (Japan)
 
          •  Marubeni Solutions (Japan)
 
          •  Risc Technology (France)
End Users
      Our products are sold by our channel partners to end users such as, financial institutions, retail outlets, professional offices, service providers, healthcare providers and educational and other public entities.
Sales and Marketing
      Our sales and marketing efforts focus on successfully penetrating the small to medium size networks used in enterprises, e-commerce, education, healthcare, and retail/point-of-sale markets. Our marketing programs promote SonicWALL brand awareness and reputation as a provider of reliable, high-performance, easy-to-use, and affordable Internet security appliances as well as a provider of a suite of value added support, service and software offerings. We try to strengthen our brand through a variety of marketing programs which include on-going public relations, our web site, advertising, direct mail, industry and regional trade shows and seminars. We intend to continue expanding and strengthening our indirect channel relationships through additional marketing programs and increased promotional activities.
      We believe that SonicWALL products are ideally suited for the indirect channel business model. We market and sell our products in this indirect channel through a two-tiered distribution structure consisting of distributors and resellers in the United States and over 50 other countries. Distributors and resellers accounted for approximately 98% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2004. Resellers, which include systems integrators, ISPs, dealers, mail order catalogs and online catalogs, generally purchase our products from our distributors and then sell our products to end-users in our target markets.
      We divide our sales organization regionally into the following territories: the Americas; Asia Pacific (APAC); and Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA). Regional sales representatives manage our relationships with our network of distributors, value-added resellers and customers, help our value-added reseller network sell and support key customer accounts, and act as a liaison between our value-added reseller network and our marketing organization. The regional sales representative’s primary responsibility is to help the indirect channel succeed and grow within the territory. We also have an internal sales staff that supports the indirect channel, and a telesales organization whose primary responsibility is assisting our resellers in selling products to our installed base.
      Domestic Channel. In the Americas, the primary distributors of our products to resellers are Ingram Micro and Tech Data. Ingram Micro accounted for approximately 17% of total revenue in 2004, 23% in 2003 and 21% in 2002. Tech Data accounted for approximately 21% of total revenue in 2004, 20% in 2003 and 26% in 2002.
      Domestic resellers receive various benefits and product discounts depending on the level of purchase commitment and achievement. Our standard reseller program offers access to sales and marketing materials. Certain of our resellers qualify for our Medallion program, which extends those benefits by adding access to an expanded set of sales and marketing tools, as well as priority technical support. The top level of that program is

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the SonicWALL Gold Partner, where additional benefits such as sales leads, access to additional discounted demonstration units and market development funds are available.
      International Channel. We believe there is a strong international market for our products. International sales represented approximately 30% of our total revenue in 2004, 30% in 2003 and 34% in 2002. Sales to Japan accounted for approximately 6%, 5% and 8% of total revenue in the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
      We direct substantially all of our international resellers to the appropriate distributor in each territory. We support our international distributors by offering customizable marketing materials, sales tools, leads, co-operative marketing funds, joint advertising, discounted demonstration units and training. We also participate in regional press tours, trade shows and seminars.
      Original Equipment Manufacturer Channel. From time to time we may enter select original equipment manufacturer relationships in order to take advantage of opportunities to rapidly penetrate certain target markets. We believe these opportunities expand our overall market while having a minor impact on our own indirect channel sales.
Technology
      We have designed our SonicWALL products using a unique combination of proprietary and non-proprietary hardware and software that delivers Internet security with what we believe is excellent ease-of-use and industry-leading price/performance.
Appliance Platforms
      SonicWALL’s line of appliance platforms is currently based on several architectures.
      SonicWALL’s TZ Series appliances are based on a highly integrated system-on-a-chip architecture which SonicWALL purchases from a third-party. SonicWALL’s PRO Series appliances are based on an industry standard processor architecture coupled to an auxiliary processor purchased from a third party.
      The entire SonicWALL access security product line provides the following core features:
  •  Deep Packet Inspection Firewall. The core technology is the deep packet inspection firewall software, a widely recognized method of implementing an Internet firewall. This software examines all layers of the packet (from the physical layer up to application layer) and determines whether to accept or reject the requested communication based on information derived from previous communications and the applications in use. Deep packet inspection dynamically adjusts based on the changing state of the communication running across the firewall and is invisible to users on the protected network.
 
  •  IP Address Management. We have developed tools to manage the complexity of IP addressing. Network Access Transmission (“NAT”) allows networks to share a small number of valid public IP addresses with an equal or larger number of client computers on the LAN. Our DHCP Client and Server tools allow both the firewall and the client computers behind it to obtain their respective IP addresses dynamically from a server and thereby eliminate the need for manual configuration.
      The SonicWALL access security product line offers the following options for device management:
  •  Web Browser-Based Management Interface. We believe our products have an intuitive and easy-to-use web-based management interface for rapid installation, configuration, and maintenance, without the need for a dedicated information technology staff to install and maintain the solution. This interface can be easily accessed from any web browser on the internal, private network. This interface can also be accessed remotely in a secure manner using the virtual private networking feature described above.
 
  •  SonicWALL Global Management System. Our global management system, SonicWALL GMS, is an enterprise software application that is designed to enable service providers and distributed enterprises to manage all of their SonicWALL appliances from a central location. SonicWALL GMS is available to use in Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Sun Solaris operating environments. SonicWALL GMS is

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  also compatible with leading relational database management systems such as Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server.

Applications and Services
      SonicWALL Internet Security Appliances are designed to integrate seamlessly with a complete line of value-added security services to provide comprehensive Internet security. With SonicWALL’s integrated security services, we believe that integration and maintenance problems that often result from sourcing, installing, and maintaining security products from multiple vendors are minimized. Our security services are easily enabled on the base hardware platform via a software key.
  •  Content Filtering. Our Internet content filter blocks objectionable content using a list of prohibited URLs and keywords as well as cookies, Java and ActiveX scripts. Subscribers to this service enable their SonicWALL appliance to automatically download an updated URL list weekly to keep pace with the dynamic nature of Internet content.
 
  •  Anti-Virus. Our anti-virus subscription service is intended to provide anti-virus protection throughout a business and across a distributed network. This SonicWALL service integrates with our security appliances to deploy and maintain anti-virus software for each user on the network — without the need for desktop-by-desktop installation, configuration and maintenance. Automatic anti-virus updates are available for all network nodes to protect them from new virus outbreaks.
Transaction Security Products
      SonicWALL transaction security products are designed to boost web site performance by offloading SSL processing from the web servers to a device optimized for handling SSL transactions. SonicWALL SSL products use a powerful onboard processor with SonicWALL’s proprietary embedded operating system to deliver a complete end-to-end security system. These products are available in rack mount or appliance form and are designed for data centers, e-commerce web hosting environments and enterprise networks. These products also include a fail-over port and redundant power supply for high availability SSL processing.
Research and Development
      We believe that our future success will depend in large part on our ability to develop new and enhanced Internet security solutions and our ability to meet the rapidly changing needs of our target customers who have broadband access to the Internet. We focus our research and development on evolving Internet security needs. We have made substantial investments in hardware, firmware, and software, which are critical to drive product cost reductions and higher performance solutions.
      Our research and development activities are conducted at our principal facilities in Sunnyvale, California. In 2004, 2003 and 2002 we incurred expenses, excluding amortization of stock-based compensation, of $23.7 million, $19.9 million and $18.9 million, respectively, on research and development activities.
Competition
      The market for Internet security products is worldwide and highly competitive. Competition in our market has increased over the past year, and we expect competition to further intensify in the future. There are few substantial barriers to entry. Additional competition from existing competitors and new market entrants will likely occur in the future.
      Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. In addition, our current and future competitors may integrate security products into the infrastructure of their existing product lines, including operating systems, routers, and browsers, in a manner that may discourage users from purchasing the products and services we offer. Many of our current and potential competitors have greater name recognition, larger customer bases to leverage and greater access to proprietary technology, and could therefore gain market share to our detriment. In addition, our current and potential competitors may consolidate through mergers or acquisitions or establish cooperative

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relationships among themselves or with third parties. These actions may further enhance their financial, technical and other resources. We expect additional competition as other established and emerging companies enter the Internet security market and new products and technologies are introduced.
      Current and potential competitors in our markets include, but are not limited to the following, all of which sell worldwide or have a presence in most of the major markets for such products:
  •  enterprise firewall software vendors such as Check Point, Microsoft and Symantec;
 
  •  network equipment manufacturers such as Cisco Systems, Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks and Nokia;
 
  •  security appliance and/or PCI card suppliers such as WatchGuard Technologies and Juniper Networks.
Intellectual Property
      We currently rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws, confidentiality provisions and other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property, unauthorized parties may misappropriate or infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property. We have an on-going patent disclosure and application process and we plan to aggressively pursue additional patent protection. Our pending patent applications may not result in the issuance of any patents. Even if we obtain the patents we are seeking, that will not guarantee that our patent rights will be valuable, create a competitive barrier, or will be free from infringement. Furthermore, if any patent is issued, it might be invalidated or circumvented or otherwise fail to provide us any meaningful protection. We face additional risk when conducting business in countries that have poorly developed or inadequately enforced intellectual property laws. In any event, competitors may independently develop similar or superior technologies or duplicate the technologies we have developed, which could substantially limit the value of our intellectual property.
U.S. Government Export Regulation Compliance
      Our products are subject to federal export restrictions on encryption strength. Federal legal requirements allow the export of any-strength encryption to designated business sectors overseas, including U.S. subsidiaries, banks, financial institutions, insurance companies and health and medical end users. We have federal export authorization that allows us to export encryption technology to commercial entities in approved countries. In certain instances, we require individual export licenses. With appropriate approvals, we are able to export strong encryption to a wide range of foreign end-users, subject to limitations and record-keeping requirements. We require that our distributors understand these export requirements and comply with them in the sale and distribution of our products.
Manufacturing
      We currently outsource most of our manufacturing to one contract manufacturer, Flash Electronics, under an agreement that specifies an initial term of one (1) year, commencing June 4, 2004, with automatic yearly renewal terms unless the agreement is terminated by either party upon 90 days prior written notice. Flash Electronics manufactures our products at its facilities in Fremont, California and near Shanghai in the Peoples’ Republic of China. We outsource the manufacturing of our TZ150 product line to SerComm Corporation in Taiwan under a supply agreement that has an initial term of one (1) year and automatically renews for one (1) year terms thereafter subject to a notice of nonrenewal upon ninety (90) days prior written notice. Outsourcing our manufacturing enables us to reduce fixed overhead and personnel costs and to provide flexibility in meeting market demand.
      We design and develop the key components of our products, including printed circuit boards and software. Generally, we determine the components that are incorporated in our products and select the appropriate suppliers of these components. Product testing is performed by our contract manufacturer using tests that we specify.

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Information about Segments and Geographic Areas
      Financial information relating to our segments and information on revenues generated in different geographic areas are set forth in Note 9, entitled “Segment Reporting,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report. In addition, information regarding risks attendant to our foreign operations is set forth under the heading “RISK FACTORS” included later in this report.
Employees
      As of December 31, 2004, we had 335 employees. Of these, 157 were employed in sales and marketing, 42 in finance and administration, 117 in research and development and 19 in operations. We are not party to any collective bargaining agreements with our employees and we have not experienced any work stoppages. We believe we have excellent relations with our employees.
Where You Can Find More Information
      We make our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to such reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, available free of charge on or through our Internet website located at www.sonicwall.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the SEC.
      We also make available on our Internet website our Guidelines on Significant Corporate Governance Issues, including the charters of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominations and Corporate Governance Committee of our board of directors, the Code of Conduct for all employees and directors and our Code of Ethics for Principal Executive and Senior Financial Officers .. Such information is also available in print to stockholders upon request.

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RISK FACTORS
      You should carefully review the following risks associated with owning our common stock. Our business, operating results or financial condition could be materially adversely affected by any of the following risks. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this report and incorporated by reference herein, including our financial statements and the related notes. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
Difficulty predicting our future operating results or profitability due to volatility in general economic conditions and the Internet security market may result in a misallocation in spending, and a shortfall in revenues which would harm our operating results.
      Overall weakness in the general economy and volatility in the demand for Internet security products are two of the many factors underlying our inability to predict our revenue for a given period. We base our spending levels for product development, sales and marketing, and other operating expenses largely on our expected future revenue. A large proportion of our expenses are fixed for a particular quarter or year, and therefore, we may be unable to implement a decrease in our spending in time to compensate for any unexpected quarterly or annual shortfall in revenue. As a result, any shortfall in revenue would likely adversely affect our operating results. For the year ended December 31, 2003, we reported a net loss of $17.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2004, we reported a net loss of $1.3 million. Our accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2004 is $125.9 million. We do not know if we will be able to achieve profitability in the future.
Rapid changes in technology and industry standards could render our products and services unmarketable or obsolete, and we may be unable to successfully introduce new products and services.
      To succeed, we must continually introduce new products and change and improve our products in response to new competitive product introductions, rapid technological developments and changes in operating systems, broadband Internet access, application and networking software, computer and communications hardware, programming tools, computer language technology and other security threats. Product development for Internet security appliances requires substantial engineering time and testing. Releasing new products, software and services prematurely may result in quality problems, and delays may result in loss of customer confidence and market share. In the past, we have on occasion experienced delays in the scheduled introduction of new and enhanced products, software and services, and we may experience delays in the future. We may be unable to develop new products, software and services or achieve and maintain market acceptance of them once they have come to market. Furthermore, when we do introduce new or enhanced products, software and services, we may be unable to manage the transition from previous generations of products or previous versions of software and services to minimize disruption in customer ordering patterns, avoid excessive inventories of older products and deliver enough new products, software and services to meet customer demand. If any of the foregoing were to occur, our business could be adversely affected.
We depend on two major distributors for a significant amount of our revenue, and if they or others cancel or delay purchase orders, our revenue may decline and the price of our stock may fall.
      To date, sales to two distributors have accounted for a significant portion of our revenue. In 2004, approximately 98% of our sales were to distributors and resellers, and sales through Ingram Micro and Tech Data accounted for approximately 17% and 21% of our revenue, respectively. In 2003, approximately 96% of our sales were to distributors and resellers, and sales through Ingram Micro and Tech Data accounted for approximately 23% and 20% of our revenue, respectively. In 2002, approximately 91% of our sales were to distributors and resellers, and sales through Ingram Micro and sales to Tech Data accounted for approximately 21% and 26% of our revenue, respectively. In each of 2004, 2003 and 2002, our top 10 customers accounted for 56% or more of total revenues. We anticipate that sales of our products to relatively few customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenue. Although we have limited one-year agreements with Ingram Micro and Tech Data and certain other large distributors, these contracts are subject to termination at any time. We cannot assure you that any of these customers will continue to place orders with us, that orders by these customers will continue at the levels of previous periods or that we will be able to

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obtain large orders from new customers. If any of the foregoing should occur, our revenues will likely decline and our business will be adversely affected. In addition, as of December 31, 2004, Ingram Micro and Tech Data represented $815,000 and $3.8 million, respectively of our accounts receivable balance, constituting 6% and 26%, respectively of our total receivables. As of December 31, 2003, Ingram Micro and Tech Data represented approximately $1.3 million and $1.4 million of our accounts receivable balance, constituting 14% and 15%, of total receivables, respectively. The failure of any of these customers to pay us in a timely manner could adversely affect our balance sheet, our results of operations and our creditworthiness, which could make it more difficult to conduct business.
If we are unable to compete successfully in the highly competitive market for Internet security products and services, our business could be adversely affected.
      The market for Internet security products is worldwide and highly competitive. Competition in our market continues to increase, and we expect competition to further intensify in the future. There are few substantial barriers to entry and additional competition from existing competitors and new market entrants will likely occur in the future. Current and potential competitors in our markets include, but are not limited to, Check Point, Microsoft, Symantec, Cisco Systems, Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks, Nokia, WatchGuard Technologies and Juniper Networks, all of which sell worldwide or have a presence in most of the major markets for such products.
      Competitors to date have generally targeted the security needs of enterprises of every size with firewall, VPN and SSL products that range in price from approximately $250 to more than $30,000. We may experience increased competitive pressure in some of our product lines as well as some of our software feature sets. This increased competitive pressure may result in both lower prices and gross margins. Many of our current or potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. In addition, our competitors may bundle products, software and services that are competitive to ours with other products, software and services that they may sell to our current or potential customers. These customers may accept these bundled offerings rather than separately purchasing our offerings. If any of the foregoing were to occur, our business could be adversely affected.
The selling prices of our solution-based product, software and services offerings may decrease, which may reduce our gross margins.
      The average selling prices for our solution-based product, software and services offerings may decline as a result of competitive pricing pressures, a change in our mix of products, software and services, anticipation of introduction of new functionality in our products or software, promotional programs and customers who negotiate price reductions in exchange for longer-term purchase commitments. In addition, competition continues to increase in the market segments in which we participate and we expect competition to further increase in the future, thereby leading to increased pricing pressures. Furthermore, we anticipate that the average selling prices and gross margins for our products will decrease over product life cycles. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in developing and introducing new offerings with enhanced functionality on a timely basis, or that our product, software and service offerings , if introduced, will enable us to maintain our prices and gross margins at current levels. If the price of individual products, software or services decline or if the price of our solution-based offerings decline, our overall revenue may decline and our operating results may be adversely affected.
We offer retroactive price protection to our major distributors and if we fail to balance their inventory with end user demand for our products, our allowance for price protection may be inadequate. This could adversely affect our results of operations.
      We provide our major distributors with price protection rights for inventories of our products held by them. If we reduce the list price of our products, our major distributors receive refunds or credits from us that reduce the price of such products held in their inventory based upon the new list price. As of December 31, 2004, we estimated that approximately $14.3 million of our products in our distributors’ inventory are subject

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to price protection, which represented approximately 11% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2004. We have incurred approximately $98,000 of credits under our price protection policies in 2004. Future credits for price protection will depend on the percentage of our price reductions for the products in inventory and our ability to manage the level of our major distributors’ inventory. If future price protection adjustments are higher than expected, our future results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We are dependent on international sales for a substantial amount of our revenue. We face the risk of international business and associated currency fluctuations, which might adversely affect our operating results.
      International revenue represented 30% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2004, 30% of total revenue in 2003, and 34% of total revenue in 2002. We expect that international revenue will continue to represent a substantial portion of our total revenue in the foreseeable future. Our risks of doing business abroad include our ability to structure our distribution relationships in a manner consistent with marketplace requirements and on favorable terms, and if we are unable to do so, revenue may decrease from our international operations. Because our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, the weakness of a foreign country’s currency against the dollar could increase the price of our products in such country and reduce our product unit sales by making our products more expensive in the local currency. A weakened dollar could increase the cost of local operating expenses and procurement of raw materials to the extent we must purchase components in foreign currencies. Additionally, we have exposures to emerging market currencies, which can have extreme currency volatility. We are subject to the risks of conducting business internationally, including potential foreign government regulation of our technology, general geopolitical risks associated with political and economic instability, changes in diplomatic and trade relationships, and foreign countries’ laws affecting the Internet generally.
Delays in deliveries from our suppliers could cause our revenue to decline and adversely affect our results of operations.
      Our products incorporate certain components or technologies that are available from single or limited sources of supply. Specifically, our products rely upon components from companies such as, Iwill, IBM, Intel, Cavium, and Broadcom. We do not have long-term supply arrangements with any vendor, and any disruption in the supply of these products or technologies may adversely affect our ability to obtain necessary components or technology for our products. If this were to happen, our product shipments may be delayed or lost, resulting in a decline in sales and a loss of revenue. In addition, our products utilize components that have in the past been subject to market shortages and price fluctuations. If we experience price increases in our product components, we will experience declines in our gross margin.
We depend on partners to provide us with the anti-virus and content filtering software, and if they experience delays in product updates or provide us with products of substandard quality, our revenue may decline and our products are services may become obsolete.
      We have arrangements with partners to license their anti-virus and content filtering software. Anti-virus and content filtering revenue accounted for 10%, 6% and 7% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2004, and for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Our partners may fail to provide us with updated products or experience delays in providing us with updated products. In addition, our partners may provide us with products of substandard quality. If this happens, we may be unable to include this functionality in the solution-based offerings that we sell to our customers and consequently our offerings would not contain the most advanced technology. In that event, our customers might purchase similar offerings from one of our competitors, or sales to our customers may be delayed. In such a case, our revenues will be adversely affected.

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We rely primarily on contract manufacturers for our product manufacturing and assembly, and if these operations are disrupted for any reason, we may not be able to ship our products.
      We outsource our hardware manufacturing and assembly to contract manufacturers. Flash Electronics manufactures many of our products at facilities in both the U.S. and China. Our agreement with Flash Electronics, effective June 4, 2004, specifies an initial term of one (1) year with automatic yearly renewal terms unless the agreement is terminated by either party upon 90 days prior written notice. SerComm Corporation of Taiwan manufactures our TZ150 product line at facilities located in Taiwan. Our agreement with SerComm, effective on January 20, 2005, specifies an initial term of one (1) year with automatic yearly renewal terms unless terminated by either party upon 90 days prior written notice. Our operations could be disrupted if we have to switch to a replacement vendor or if our hardware supply is interrupted for any reason. In addition, we provide forecasts of our demand to our contract manufacturers six to nine months prior to scheduled delivery of products to our customers. If we overestimate our requirements, our contract manufacturers may have excess inventory, which would increase our costs. If we underestimate our requirements, our contract manufacturers may have an inadequate component inventory, which could interrupt manufacturing of our products and result in delays in shipments and revenues. In addition, lead times for materials and components that we order vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for each component at a given time. Financial problems of our contract manufacturers or reservation of manufacturing capacity by other companies, in