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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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(Mark One)
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended January 1, 2005 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period
from to |
Commission file number 1-10606
CADENCE DESIGN SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization) |
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77-0148231
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
2655 Seely Avenue, Building 5, San Jose, California
95134
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip
Code)
(408) 943-1234
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
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Common Stock, $.01 par value per share
(Title of Each Class)
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New York Stock Exchange
(Names of Each Exchange on which Registered) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the
Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 12b-2). Yes þ No o
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common
equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price
at which the common equity was last sold as of the last business
day of the Registrants most recently completed second
fiscal quarter July 3, 2004 was $3,834,869,508.
On February 5, 2005 approximately 274,354,282 shares
of the Registrants Common Stock, $0.01 par value,
were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the 2005 Annual
Meeting are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.
CADENCE DESIGN SYSTEMS, INC.
2004 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
Table of Contents
PART I.
Item 1. Business
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents
incorporated by reference in this Annual Report contain
forward-looking statements. Certain of such statements,
including, without limitation, statements regarding the extent
and timing of future revenues and expenses and customer demand,
statements regarding the deployment of our products, statements
regarding our reliance on third parties and other statements
using words such as anticipates,
believes, could, estimates,
expects, intends, may,
plans, should, will and
would, and words of similar import and the negatives
thereof, constitute forward-looking statements. These statements
are predictions based upon our current expectations about future
events. Actual results could vary materially as a result of
certain factors, including but not limited to, those expressed
in these statements. We refer you to the
Competition, Proprietary Technology,
Factors That May Affect Future Results,
Results of Operations, Disclosures About
Market Risk, and Liquidity and Capital
Resources sections contained in this Annual Report and the
risks discussed in our other SEC filings, which identify
important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual
results to differ materially from those contained in the
forward-looking statements.
We urge you to consider these factors carefully in evaluating
the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report.
All subsequent written or spoken forward-looking statements
attributable to our company or persons acting on our behalf are
expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary
statements. The forward-looking statements included in this
Annual Report are made only as of the date of this Annual
Report. We do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to update
these forward-looking statements.
Overview
We license electronic design automation, or EDA, software, sell
or lease EDA hardware technology and intellectual property and
provide design and methodology services throughout the world to
help manage and accelerate electronic product development
processes. Our broad range of products and services are used by
electronics companies to design and develop complex integrated
circuits, or ICs, IC packages and printed circuit boards, or
PCBs, and commercial electronic systems. We have approximately
4,900 employees, in approximately 60 sales offices, design
centers and research facilities located around the world.
We were formed as a Delaware corporation in April 1987. Our
headquarters are located at 2655 Seely Avenue, San Jose,
California 95134. Our telephone number is (408) 943-1234.
Our website can be accessed at www.cadence.com. We make
available free of charge copies of our SEC filings and
submissions on the investor relations page of our website at
www.cadence.com as soon as practicable after
electronically filing or furnishing such documents with the SEC.
Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct
and the charters of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee
and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of our Board
of Directors are also posted on the investor relations page of
our website at www.cadence.com. Stockholders may also
request copies of these documents by writing to our Corporate
Secretary at the address above.
Factors Driving the Electronic Design Automation Industry
During the last decade, the worldwide communications, business
productivity and consumer electronics markets accounted for much
of the growth in the electronics industry. Ever-decreasing
silicon manufacturing process geometries, coupled with the move
to 300 millimeter wafer production, are causing IC unit cost
decreases, volume increases and greater complexity
for providers of electronics devices. At the same time, the
development of ICs with greater functionality complicates
effective integration of components into complete electronic
systems. These market and technology forces pose major
challenges for the global electronics design community, and
consequently create significant opportunities and challenges for
EDA product and services providers.
From a design perspective, many of todays complex ICs are
system-on-a-chip, or SoC, devices. SoC design requires the
implementation of an entire electronics sub-system on a single
IC, which is made possible
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by smaller feature sizes characteristic of the newest IC
fabrication processes. Smaller feature sizes make it possible to
put additional circuitry on a single segment of silicon, or die.
SoCs typically include one or more processors (microprocessors
and digital signal processors), a high-performance bus for
on-chip data communication, numerous memory devices and
peripherals, custom digital circuitry, custom analog circuitry
and millions of lines of software code developed to run on the
resulting device. These complex devices offer benefits in terms
of price, performance, power and size; however, they are
extremely difficult to design. Successful SoC design requires
the convergence of the previously distinct domains of embedded
software, digital logic, analog circuitry, IC packaging and PCB
design. This convergence is changing the way designs for these
devices are created.
The migration to nanometer design poses major challenges for
design teams. Nanometer design refers to the design of ICs that
will have feature sizes smaller than 180 nanometers or one
hundred eighty billionths of a meter (for reference, the
diameter of the period at the end of this sentence is
approximately 400,000 nanometers). IC feature sizes for
wires, transistors and contacts decrease with each advance in
the semiconductor manufacturing process. Each move to a smaller
feature size (e.g., decreasing from 130 nanometers to
90 nanometers and smaller) requires introducing new
capabilities throughout the entire design and manufacturing
chain to account for physical effects that were inconsequential
at larger geometries but now limit device yield, performance,
reliability and the ability to function as intended. For
example, at 130 nanometers, signal integrity issues such as
crosstalk between signal wires and voltage drop on power wires
becomes critical. At 90 nanometers, device power leakage
becomes a major factor in total power consumption. The increased
complexity, electrical noise and power consumption
due to leakage combine to increase the challenge to design teams
in meeting chip performance specifications.
These trends pose significant new challenges for electronics
design teams. Specifically, nanometer design requires designers
to take into account many physical effects that were too small
to affect the performance of larger circuit geometries. SoC
design requires new approaches to managing complexity and its
related risks. The electronics industry addresses these
challenges in a number of ways, including the use of new EDA
products, the upgrade of existing tools and design
methodologies, and offering the advantages of highly integrated
front-to-back design solutions.
Operating Segments
During 2004, we combined our three reporting segments into one
segment. Our chief operating decision maker is our President and
Chief Executive Officer, or CEO. Our CEO reviews our
consolidated results within only one segment.
Products
Our products are engineered to improve our customers
design productivity and resulting design quality by providing
the most comprehensive set of EDA design technology in the
industry. Product revenues include all fees earned from granting
licenses to use our software, and from sales and leases of our
hardware products, and exclude revenues derived from Maintenance
and Services. We offer customers three license types for our
software: perpetual, term and subscription. See Software
Licensing Arrangements below for additional discussion of
our license types.
Product revenue represented 61% of our total revenue in 2004,
59% in 2003 and 63% in 2002.
Product Strategy
With the addition of emerging nanometer design considerations to
the already burgeoning set of traditional design tasks, complex
SoC or IC design can no longer be accomplished using a
collection of discrete design tools. What previously consisted
of sequential design activities must be merged and accomplished
nearly simultaneously without time-consuming data translation
steps. We combine our design technologies into
platforms for four major design activities:
functional verification, digital IC design, custom IC design and
system interconnect. The four Cadence design platforms are
Incisivetm
functional verification,
Encountertm
digital IC design, Virtuoso® custom design and
Allegro® system interconnect platforms. In
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addition, we augment these platform product offerings with a
comprehensive set of design for manufacturing products that
service both the digital and custom IC design flows. These four
platforms, together with our design for manufacturing products,
comprise our primary product lines.
Incisive Functional Verification Platform
The Incisive functional verification platform enables our
customers to employ an efficient and unified methodology, from
design of the total system, to design of particular ICs, to
design of specific systems, for all design domains. Compared to
traditional simulation approaches, the Incisive platform
provides faster full-chip verification throughout the entire
design cycle, which significantly reduces total verification
time.
The Incisive platform overcomes fragmentation by unifying
multiple verification techniques around a single engine. It also
provides support for open design and verification standards as
well as analog/mixed-signal verification. In addition, the
Incisive platform includes a comprehensive assertion-based
verification, or ABV, environment unifying tools,
language, intellectual property, or IP, debugging and coverage
for increased verification productivity. The Incisive ABV
solution speeds verification of complex designs by creating an
environment that helps users define assertions correctly,
enables early detection of bugs close to the source, and
monitors for completeness through assertion coverage. The same
platform delivers Palladium® hardware in-circuit emulation
and simulation acceleration-on-demand, transaction-level
support, hardware description language analysis, coverage, debug
and analysis, and test generation. Not only is Incisive designed
so customers can adopt these technologies incrementally, it can
also deliver the speed and efficiency required to compress our
customers overall verification time. The
QuickCyclestm
capability allows customers to access Palladium simulation
acceleration and emulation products on a pay-as-you-go basis,
either on the customer site or remotely over a high-speed,
secure network connection.
Encounter Digital IC Design Platform
The Encounter digital IC design platform enables our customers
to implement all aspects of their digital nanometer-scale
designs. It is based on a single user interface and unified
in-memory data model, and was specifically designed to
facilitate the analysis and optimization of wiring throughout
our customers design process. It is comprised of the
following core technologies:
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Encounter RTL Compiler, featuring global synthesis for smaller,
faster, lower power designs; |
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First Encounter® Global Physical Synthesis, or GPS, is a
silicon virtual prototyping system that assists customers in
reaching their designs timing goals by optimizing many
circuit paths on the design concurrently; |
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NanoRoutetm
is an independent routing, optimization, verification and chip
finishing solution; |
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CeltICtm
NDC (Nanometer Delay Calculator) is a signal integrity analyzer; |
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Encounter Test
Solutionstm
is a comprehensive test solution; and |
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Encounter Conformal® provides our customers with complete
logic equivalence checking and design constraint management
capability to verify that their RTL specification is equivalent
to the final IC layout. |
Unlike traditional front-end/back-end systems, the
Encounter platform does not require customers to perform
time-consuming translations between common tasks such as
placement, power distribution, routing, and timing/crosstalk
analysis. The SoC
Encountertm
GPS system supports hierarchical designs, with full-chip support
for designs containing more than 50 million gates (a gate
is an electronic switch that allows or prevents the flow of
current in a circuit). Nano
Encountertm
supports full-chip implementation for non-hierarchical chips and
blocks of up to 10 million gates.
Virtuoso Custom Design Platform
The Virtuoso custom design platform enables design teams to
develop silicon-accurate analog, custom digital, radio
frequency, or RF, and mixed-signal designs. With the Virtuoso
platform, designers are able to deliver silicon-accurate
designs, while addressing the growing number of physical effects
in package, power grid, interconnect, devices, and substrate
employing a top-down language-based design.
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Delivering an advanced custom design methodology, the Virtuoso
platform enables design predictability by ensuring that the
circuit design representation will perform correctly in the
final manufactured chip. The Virtuoso platform reduces design
time by providing:
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Reference flows for analog, mixed-signal, RF, and analog-digital
integration focused at the wireless and analog/mixed-signal
markets; |
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Automatic analog circuit sizing and optimization (including
yield optimization); |
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Multi-mode simulation (digital, analog and RF) using a common
syntax and model, and common equations; |
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Fast custom layout technologies; |
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Process migration technology; |
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Electrical vs. physical effects analysis; and |
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Physical design integration and silicon analysis for complex
custom, cell-based, and mixed custom designs using the
OpenAccesstm
database. |
Design for Manufacturing
The physical layout of each IC requires detailed analysis and
optimization to ensure that the design can be manufactured in
volume while performing as expected. Some of the Cadence
products that deliver DFM capabilities for nanometer SoC design
include:
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Fire & Ice® QX and
Assuratm
RCX extraction products take the designers physical
representation of an IC and extract the electrical properties of
that design representation to enable further analyses, such as
simulation and timing analysis; |
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Products in the VoltageStorm® family analyze on-chip power
distribution for digital, analog, and SoC designs. VoltageStorm
detects unanticipated voltage drop, enabling the customer to
correct fatal conditions, thereby preventing extensive
troubleshooting and delay during initial manufacturing; |
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Our physical verification products, including Assura,
Diva®, and Dracula®, perform manufacturing design rule
checks to ensure the proposed design meets the requirements of
the foundrys manufacturing process rules; and |
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Mask data preparation tools such as MaskCompose and QuickView
help customer mask shops create mask and reticle layouts for
chips being manufactured in nanometer processes. |
Allegro System Interconnect Design Platform
The Cadence Allegro system interconnect design platform enables
design teams to design high-performance interconnect across the
domains of IC, package and PCB, reducing cost and time to
market. The system interconnect between
input-output, or I/O, buffers and across ICs, packages and
PCBs can be optimized through the platforms
co-design methodology, reducing both hardware costs and design
cycles. Designers use the Allegro platforms
constraint-driven methodology and advanced capabilities for
design capture, signal integrity and physical implementation.
The Allegro co-design methodology works with our Encounter and
Virtuoso platforms, enabling effective design chain
collaboration. Silicon design-in kits speed time to market by
allowing IC companies to shorten new device adoption time and
allowing systems companies to accelerate PCB system design
cycles.
The System Interconnect product group includes the Allegro
system interconnect platform and the OrCAD® product line of
PCB design products that is engineered for individual or small
design team productivity. The OrCAD product line is marketed
exclusively through a worldwide network of value added resellers.
Verification and Application Specific Programming, or ASP,
Services
We offer verification and ASP services through Time-to-Market
Engineering, or TtME, services. Our TtME team provides customers
with consulting services, project services and/or complete
turnkey services for verification acceleration and system
emulation. QuickCycles allows customers to access Palladium
simulation
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acceleration and emulation products on a pay-as-you-go basis,
either on the customer internet site or remotely over a
high-speed, secure network connection.
Third Party Programs and Initiatives
We recognize that certain of our customers may also use
internally-developed design tools or design tools provided by
other EDA companies as well as IP available from multiple
suppliers. We support the integration of third party design
products through our OpenAccess Initiative and Connections®
and OpenChoice programs. OpenAccess is a full-featured EDA
database that supports access and manipulation of its internal
EDA data via a fully documented and freely available programming
interface. This provides an open application program interface
through which applications developed by our customers, by their
other EDA vendors, or by university research groups can all
operate within a single database and with Cadence platforms.
We have contributed the OpenAccess database to the OpenAccess
Coalition, which is operated by the Silicon Integration
Initiative, an organization of EDA, electronic system and
semiconductor industry leaders focused on improving productivity
and reducing cost in creating and producing integrated silicon
systems. The Connections Program provides other EDA companies
with access to our products to ensure that our products work
well with those third party tools. Over 130 EDA providers are
members of the Connections Program. The OpenChoice program was
instituted to enable interoperability and facilitate open
collaboration with leading IP providers of library,
processor, memory core, and verification IP to build, validate,
and deliver accurate models optimized for Cadence design and
verification solutions. The program aims to ensure
IP quality and provide Cadence customers with access to
optimized IP. A key component of the OpenChoice program is to
assist and support library providers in the integration of our
design and verification products and model formats into
customer-owned tooling, or COT, library solutions.
In addition, we work with vendors of Application Specific
Integrated Circuits, or ASICs, to ensure predictable and smooth
handoff of design data from mutual customers to ASIC
implementation. These programs foster relationships throughout
the silicon design chain with leading IP partners, silicon
manufacturers, and library provider partners to support both
ASIC and COT solutions for our customers. They are integral to
providing complete design chain solutions to IC and electronic
systems designers who depend on coordinated offerings from
multiple suppliers.
Maintenance
We provide technical support to our customers to facilitate
their use of our software and hardware products. A high level of
customer service and support is critical to the adoption and
successful use of our products.
We have a global customer support organization and specialized
field application engineering teams located in each of our
operating regions, to provide assistance to customers where and
when they need it.
Standard maintenance support includes three major components:
our Sourcelink® online support portal, which provides
24 hour access to real-time technical information on our
products; contact center support (telephone, email and web
access to our support engineers); and software updates (periodic
updates with regression-tested critical fixes and updated
functionality available via CDs or secure internet download).
Maintenance is offered to customers as an integral,
non-cancelable component of our subscription license agreements,
or as a separate agreement subject to annual renewal for our
term and perpetual license customers. During the recent downturn
in the electronics industry, some customers facing constrained
budgets elected not to renew their maintenance agreements with
us.
Some of our customers have relocated, or expanded the presence
of their design teams, away from their headquarters or
historical locations to less expensive locations in emerging
growth regions. Accordingly, to provide the most responsive and
effective support for our customers, we expect to continue
expanding the presence of our own support and application
engineering teams in emerging growth regions around the world.
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Maintenance revenues represented 28% of our total revenue in
2004, 29% in 2003 and 26% in 2002. Maintenance revenue in 2005
will be predominately generated from backlog.
Services
We offer a number of fee-based services, including education and
engineering services related to IC design and methodology.
These services may be sold and performed in conjunction with the
sale, lease or license of our products or sold separately.
Services revenue represented 11% of our total revenue in 2004,
12% in 2003 and 11% in 2002.
Education Services
Our educational services include Internet, classroom and custom
courses, the content of which ranges from how to use the most
recent features of our EDA products to instruction in the latest
IC design techniques.
Engineering Services
We offer engineering services and reusable design technologies
to aid customers with the design of complex ICs. We focus our
offerings primarily on SoC devices, including both ASICs and
Application Specific Standard Parts, and on analog and mixed
signal ICs. The customers for these services primarily consist
of semiconductor and systems companies developing products for
the communications, computing, and consumer market segments. We
offer engineering capabilities to assist customers from product
concept through volume manufacturing.
We also make our design IP portfolio available to customers as
part of our technology and services solutions. These reusable
design and methodology components enable us to more efficiently
deliver our services, and allow our customers to reduce the
design complexity and time to market for the development of
complex SoCs.
In our design and methodology service practices, we leverage our
cumulative experience and knowledge of design practices across
many customers and different design environments to improve our
own service teams and our customers productivity. We
work with customers using outsourcing, consultative and
collaborative models depending on their projects and needs. Our
Virtual Computer-Aided Design, or VCAD, model enables our
engineering teams at one or more of our locations to virtually
work side-by-side with our customers teams
located elsewhere during the course of their design and
engineering projects through a secure private network
infrastructure.
Through collaboration with our customers, we are able to design
advanced ICs, gaining direct and early visibility to industry
design issues that may not be addressed adequately by
todays EDA solutions. This enables us to accelerate the
development of new software technology and products to meet the
markets current and future design requirements.
Marketing and Sales
We generally use a direct sales force consisting of sales people
and applications engineers to market our products and provide
maintenance and services to existing and prospective customers.
Applications engineers provide technical pre-sales as well as
post-sales support for software products. Due to the complexity
of many of our EDA products and the electronic design process in
general, the sales cycle is generally long, requiring three to
six months or more. During the sales cycle, our direct sales
force generally provides technical presentations, product
demonstrations and support for on-site customer evaluation of
our software. We also use traditional marketing approaches to
promote our products and services, including advertising, direct
mail, telemarketing, trade shows, public relations and the
Internet. As EDA products mature and become widely understood by
our marketplace we selectively utilize value added resellers to
broaden our reach and reduce cost of sales. The OrCAD and some
Incisive products are primarily marketed through these channels.
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Internationally, we market and support our products and services
primarily through our subsidiaries. Until June 28, 2003, we
licensed most of our software products in Japan through Innotech
Corporation, of which we were an approximately 15% stockholder
as of January 1, 2005. In June 2003, we purchased certain
assets from Innotech, including distribution rights for certain
customers in Japan. Since June 2003, we directly license our
software products to customers for which we acquired the
distribution rights from Innotech.
Research and Development
Our investment in research and development was
$351.3 million in 2004, $340.1 million in 2003 and
$326.4 million in 2002.
The primary areas of our research include SoC design, the design
of silicon devices in the nanometer range, high-performance IC
package and PCB design, architectural-level design,
high-performance logic verification technology and
hardware/software co-design. Because the electronics industry
combines rapid innovation with rapidly increasing design and
manufacturing complexity, we focus significant investment on
enhancing our current products, as well as creating new products
and technologies.
Our future performance depends largely on our ability to
maintain and enhance our current product lines to meet advancing
semiconductor manufacturing capability, develop or acquire new
products from third parties, maintain technological
competitiveness and meet increasingly complex customer
requirements. In addition to research and development, we
maintain Cadence Laboratories, an advanced research group
responsible for exploring new directions and applications of our
technologies, migrating new technologies into our existing
offerings and maintaining strong industry relationships.
Manufacturing and Distribution
Our software production consists of configuring the
customers order, outsourcing the recording of the product
electronically or on CD-ROM, and producing customer-unique
access keys allowing customers to use licensed products.
Software and documentation are generally made available to
customers by secured electronic delivery. User manuals and other
documentation are generally available on CD-ROM, but are
occasionally supplied in hard copy format.
Cadence performs final assembly and test of its hardware
verification, acceleration and emulation products in
San Jose, California. Subcontractors manufacture all major
subassemblies, including all individual printed circuit boards
and custom ICs, and supply them to us for qualification and
testing prior to their incorporation into the assembled product.
Proprietary Technology
Our success depends, in part, upon our proprietary technology.
We generally rely on patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade
secret laws, licenses and restrictive agreements to establish
and protect our proprietary rights in technology and products.
Many of our products include software or other intellectual
property licensed from third parties. We may have to seek new or
renew existing licenses for this third party software and other
intellectual property in the future. As part of performing
design services for customers, our design services business
licenses certain software and other intellectual property of
third parties, including that of our competitors.
Competition
We compete in the EDA market for products and maintenance
primarily with three other significant companies: Synopsys,
Inc., Mentor Graphics Corporation and Magma Design Automation,
Inc. We also compete with numerous smaller EDA companies, with
manufacturers of electronic devices that have developed or have
the capability to develop their own EDA products, and with
numerous electronics design and consulting companies. We
generally compete on the basis of product quality and features,
integration in a platform or compatibility with other tools,
price and payment terms and maintenance offerings.
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Our maintenance business flows directly from the products
business. The competitive issues associated with our maintenance
revenue are substantially the same as those for our product
revenue in that every maintenance contract is the direct result
of a product contract, and once we have entered into a product
contract, maintenance is generally purchased by the customer to
ensure that the customer will receive access to bug fixes and
service releases, as and when they are made available, and other
continued support.
Certain competitive factors in the design services business as
described herein differ from those of the products and
maintenance businesses. While we compete with other EDA
companies in the design services business, we compete more with
independent design service businesses. These companies vary
greatly in focus, geographic location, capability, cost
structure and pricing. In addition, manufacturers of electronic
devices may be reluctant to purchase services from independent
vendors, such as Cadence, because they wish to promote their own
internal design departments. We compete with these companies by
focusing on the design of complex analog and digital ICs. It is
our strategy to use design services as a differentiator to
further promote our Products and Maintenance businesses.
Backlog
Our backlog on January 1, 2005 was approximately
$1.7 billion, as compared to $1.6 billion on
January 3, 2004. Backlog consists of revenue to be
recognized over multiple fiscal periods after January 1,
2005:
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From the sale or lease of hardware and subscription licenses for
software products; |
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For maintenance contracts on hardware and software products; |
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From orders for hardware and software products sold on perpetual
and term licenses on which customers have requested delivery
dates after January 1, 2005; |
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From term licenses with payments that are outside our customary
terms; |
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From license arrangements for which collection of payment is not
probable; |
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From the undelivered portion of services contracts that are
recognized as services are performed; and |
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From design services contracts recognized under the completed
contract method for which services have not yet been completed. |
The substantial majority of our backlog is generated by our
product and maintenance business, as customer licenses generally
include both product and maintenance components. Services do not
account for a significant component of backlog. We expect that
maintenance revenue in 2005 will be predominately generated from
backlog. We have not historically experienced significant
cancellations of our contracts with customers. However, we often
reschedule the required completion dates of services contracts
which, at times, defers revenue recognition under those
contracts beyond the original expected completion date. Changes
in customer license types or payment terms also can impact the
timing of revenue recognition. See Software Licensing
Arrangements for a discussion of product revenue
recognized from backlog.
Revenue Seasonality
Historically, orders and revenue have been lowest in our first
quarter and highest in our fourth quarter, with a material
decline between the fourth quarter of one year and the first
quarter of the next year. We expect the first quarter will
remain our lowest quarter for orders and revenues; orders and
revenues in other quarters will vary based on the particular
timing and type of licenses entered into with large customers.
Employees
As of January 1, 2005, we employed approximately
4,900 individuals, with approximately 2,250 in sales,
services, marketing, support and manufacturing activities,
approximately 2,150 in product development and approximately 500
in management, administration and finance. None of our employees
is represented by a labor union, and we have experienced no work
stoppages. We believe that our employee relations are good.
8
Software Licensing Arrangements
We sell software using three license types: subscription, term
and perpetual. Customers who prefer to license technology for a
specified, limited period of time will choose either a
subscription or term license and customers who prefer to have
the right to use the technology continuously without time
restriction choose perpetual licenses. Customers who desire
rights to remix in new technology during the life of the
contract select a subscription license, which allows customers
limited access to unspecified new technology on a
when-and-if-available basis, as opposed to a term or perpetual
license which does not include remix rights to new technology.
Payment terms for subscription and term licenses generally
provide for installments over the license period and payment
terms for perpetual licenses generally are net 30 days.
Our revenue recognition depends on a number of contract-specific
terms and conditions, including the license type, payment terms,
creditworthiness of the customer and other factors as more fully
described under the heading Critical Accounting
Estimates under Item 7, Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations. Revenue associated with subscription licenses
is recognized over multiple periods over the license term
whereas product revenue associated with term and perpetual
licenses may be eligible for revenue recognition upon the
effective date and delivery of the license, assuming all other
criteria for revenue recognition have been met.
Product revenue recognized from backlog comprised approximately
68% of total product revenue in 2004, 60% in 2003 and 45% in
2002. Our revenue and results of operations may fall short of
expectations due to the actual mix of license types executed in
any given period and due to other contract-specific terms and
conditions as discussed above. We are subject to greater credit
risk on subscription and term licenses, as compared to perpetual
licenses, due to the installment payment terms generally
associated with those license types. Otherwise, the particular
risks to us of one license type versus another type do not vary
considerably.
From time to time we sell receivables from our licenses with
installment payment terms on a non-recourse or limited-recourse
basis to third party financing institutions.
For further discussion of our license agreements, revenue
recognition policies and results of operations, please refer to
Critical Accounting Estimates under Item 7,
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.
International Operations
We have offices located in China, France, Germany, India, Japan,
Russia, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and other areas throughout
the world. These offices primarily provide sales, research and
development and operational support functions. We consider
customer sales and support requirements, the availability of a
skilled workforce, costs and efficiencies among other relative
benefits when determining what operations to locate
internationally. For additional information regarding our
international operations see Note 19 to our Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Factors That May Affect Future Results
Our business faces many risks. Described below are what we
believe to be the material risks that we face. If any of the
events or circumstances described in the following risks
actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of
operations could suffer.
Risks Related to Our Business
We are subject to the cyclical nature of the integrated
circuit and electronics systems industries, and any
downturn may reduce
our revenue.
Purchases of our products and services are dependent upon the
commencement of new design projects by IC manufacturers and
electronics systems companies. The IC industry is cyclical and
is characterized by constant and rapid technological change,
rapid product obsolescence and price erosion, evolving
standards, short product life cycles and wide fluctuations in
product supply and demand.
9
The IC and electronics systems industries have experienced
significant downturns, often connected with, or in anticipation
of, maturing product cycles of both these industries and
their customers products and a decline in general economic
conditions. These downturns have been characterized by
diminished product demand, production overcapacity, high
inventory levels and accelerated erosion of average selling
prices.
Over the past several years, IC manufacturers and electronics
systems companies have experienced a downturn in demand and
production, which has resulted in reduced research and
development spending by many of our customers. Many of these
companies appear to have experienced a gradual recovery in the
second half of 2003 and throughout 2004, but they have continued
to spend cautiously. Any economic downturn in the industries we
serve could harm our business, operating results and financial
condition.
Our failure to respond quickly to technological
developments could make our products uncompetitive
and obsolete.
The industries in which we compete experience rapid silicon
technology developments, changes in industry standards, changes
in customer requirements and frequent new product introductions
and improvements. Currently, the industries we serve are
experiencing several revolutionary trends:
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Migration to nanometer design: the size of features such as
wires, transistors and contacts on ICs continuously shrink due
to the ongoing advances in semiconductor manufacturing
processes. Process feature sizes refer to the width of the
transistors and the width and spacing of interconnect on the IC.
Feature size is normally identified by the headline transistor
length, which is shrinking from 130 nanometers to 90
nanometers to 65 nanometers and smaller. This is commonly
referred to in the semiconductor industry as the migration to
nanometer design. It represents a major challenge for
participants in the semiconductor industry, from IC design and
design automation to design of manufacturing equipment and the
manufacturing process itself. Shrinkage of transistor length to
such infinitesimal proportions is challenging the industry in
the application of more complex physics and chemistry that is
needed to realize advanced silicon devices. For EDA tools,
models of each components electrical properties and
behavior become more complex as do requisite analysis, design
and verification capabilities. Novel design tools and
methodologies must be invented quickly to remain competitive in
the design of electronics in the nanometer range. |
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The ability to design SoCs increases the complexity of managing
a design that, at the lowest level, is represented by billions
of shapes on the fabrication mask. In addition, SoCs typically
incorporate microprocessors and digital signal processors that
are programmed with software, requiring simultaneous design of
the IC and the related software embedded on the IC. |
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With the availability of seemingly endless gate capacity, there
is an increase in design reuse, or the combining of
off-the-shelf design IP with custom logic to create ICs. The
unavailability of high-quality design IP that can be reliably
incorporated into a customers design with Cadence IC
implementation products and services could reduce demand for our
products and services. |
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Increased technological capability of Field-Programmable Gate
Array, which is a programmable logic chip, creates an
alternative to IC implementation for some electronics companies.
This could reduce demand for Cadences IC implementation
products and services. |
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A growing number of low-cost design services businesses could
reduce the need for some IC companies to invest in EDA products. |
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The challenges of nanometer design are leading some customers to
work with older, less risky manufacturing processes. This may
reduce their need to upgrade their EDA products and design flows. |
If we are unable to respond quickly and successfully to these
developments and the evolution of these changes, we may lose our
competitive position, and our products or technologies may
become uncompetitive or obsolete. To compete successfully, we
must develop or acquire new products and improve our existing
products and processes on a schedule that keeps pace with
technological developments in our industries. We must also be
able to support a range of changing computer software, hardware
platforms and customer preferences. We cannot guarantee that we
will be successful in this effort.
10
We have experienced varied quarterly operating results,
and our operating results for any particular fiscal
period are affected by
the timing of significant orders for our software products,
fluctuations in
customer preferences
for license types and the timing of recognition of revenue under
those license
types.
We have experienced, and may continue to experience, varied
quarterly operating results. In particular, we have recently
experienced quarterly net losses and we may experience net
losses in future periods. Various factors affect our quarterly
operating results and some of them are not within our control.
Our quarterly operating results are affected by the timing of
significant orders for our software products because a
significant number of licenses for our software products are in
excess of $5.0 million. The failure to complete a license
for one or more orders for our software products in a particular
quarter could seriously harm our operating results for that
quarter.
Our operating results are also affected by the mix of license
types executed in any given period. We license software using
three different license types: subscription, term and perpetual.
Product revenue associated with term and perpetual licenses is
generally recognized at the beginning of the license period,
whereas product revenue associated with subscription licenses is
recognized over multiple periods over the term of the license.
Revenue may also be deferred under term and perpetual licenses
until payments become due and payable from customers with
nonlinear payment terms or as cash is collected from customers
with lower credit ratings.
We continue to observe increasing customer preference for our
subscription licenses and requests for more flexible payment
terms. We expect revenue recognized from backlog to increase as
a percentage of product revenue, on an annual basis, assuming
that customers continue to prefer subscription licenses, or
continue to request more flexible payment terms, both of which
cause revenue to be recognized over time. In addition, revenue
is impacted by the timing of license renewals, the extent to
which contracts contain flexible payment terms and the mix of
license types (i.e., perpetual, term or subscription) for
existing customers, which changes could have the effect of
accelerating or delaying the recognition of revenue from the
timing of recognition under the original contract.
We plan operating expense levels primarily based on forecasted
revenue levels. These expenses and the impact of long-term
commitments are relatively fixed in the short term. A shortfall
in revenue could lead to operating results below expectations
because we may not be able to quickly reduce these fixed
expenses in response to short-term business changes.
You should not view our historical results of operations as
reliable indicators of our future performance. If revenue or
operating results fall short of the levels expected by public
market analysts and investors, the trading price of our common
stock could decline dramatically.
Our future revenue is dependent in part upon our installed
customer base continuing to license additional
products, renew
maintenance agreements and purchase additional services.
Our installed customer base has traditionally generated
additional new license, service and maintenance revenues. In
future periods, customers may not necessarily license additional
products or contract for additional services or maintenance.
Maintenance is generally renewable annually at a customers
option, and there are no mandatory payment obligations or
obligations to license additional software. If our customers
decide not to renew their maintenance agreements or license
additional products or contract for additional services, or if
they reduce the scope of the maintenance agreements, our revenue
could decrease, which could have an adverse effect on our
results of operations.
We may not receive significant revenue from our current
research and development efforts for several
years, if at
all.
Internally developing software products and integrating acquired
software products into existing platforms is expensive, and
these investments often require a long time to generate returns.
Our strategy involves significant investments in software
research and development and related product opportunities. We
believe
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that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of
resources to our research and development efforts to maintain
our competitive position. However, we cannot predict that we
will receive significant, if any, revenue from these investments.
We have acquired and expect to acquire other companies and
businesses and may not realize the expected
benefits of these
acquisitions.
We have acquired and expect to acquire other companies and
businesses in the future. While we expect to carefully analyze
all potential acquisitions before committing to the transaction,
we cannot assure you that our management will be able to
integrate and manage acquired products and businesses
effectively or that the acquisitions will result in long-term
benefits to us or our stockholders. In addition, acquisitions
involve a number of risks. If any of the following events occurs
after we acquire another business, it could seriously harm our
business, operating results and financial condition:
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Difficulties in combining previously separate businesses into a
single unit; |
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The substantial diversion of managements attention from
day-to-day business when evaluating and negotiating these
transactions and then integrating an acquired business; |
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The discovery, after completion of the acquisition, of
liabilities assumed from the acquired business or of assets
acquired that are not realizable; |
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The failure to realize anticipated benefits such as cost savings
and revenue enhancements; |
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The failure to retain key employees of the acquired business; |
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Difficulties related to integrating the products of an acquired
business in, for example, distribution, engineering and customer
support areas; |
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Unanticipated costs; |
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Customer dissatisfaction with existing license agreements with
Cadence which may dissuade them from licensing or buying
products acquired by Cadence after the effective date of the
license; and |
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Failure to understand and compete effectively in markets in
which we have limited previous experience. |
In a number of our acquisitions, we have agreed to make future
cash or stock payments based on the performance of the
businesses we acquired. The performance goals pursuant to which
these future payments may be made generally relate to
achievement by the acquired business of certain specified
bookings, revenue, product proliferation, product development or
employee retention goals during a specified period following
completion of the applicable acquisition. Future acquisitions
may involve issuances of stock as payment of the purchase price
for the acquired business and also incentive stock or option
grants to employees of the acquired businesses (which may be
dilutive to existing stockholders), expenditure of substantial
cash resources or the incurrence of material amounts of debt.
The specific performance goal levels and amounts and timing of
contingent purchase price payments vary with each acquisition.
In fiscal 2004, we issued or reserved for future issuance
1.1 million shares to former stockholders of acquired
companies, as contingent earnout purchase price. In addition, in
fiscal 2004, we made cash payments of $17.0 million and
accrued an additional $7.2 million of cash payments to
former stockholders of acquired companies, as contingent earnout
purchase price.
In connection with our acquisitions completed prior to
January 1, 2005, we may be obligated to pay up to an
aggregate of $47.0 million in cash during the next
12 months and an additional $36.0 million in cash
during the three years following the next 12 months if
certain performance goals related to one or more of the
following criteria are achieved in full: revenue, bookings,
product proliferation, product development or employee retention.
Future acquisitions may result in increased goodwill and other
intangible assets, in addition to acquisition-related charges.
These assets may eventually be written down to the extent they
are deemed to be impaired, and any such impairments would
adversely affect our results of operations.
12
Our failure to attract, train, motivate and retain key
employees may make us less competitive in our industries
and therefore harm our
results of operations.
Our business depends on the efforts and abilities of our senior
management, our research and development staff, and a number of
other key management, sales, support, technical and services
employees. The high cost of training new employees, not fully
utilizing these employees, or losing trained employees to
competing employers could reduce our gross margins and harm our
business and operating results. Competition for highly skilled
employees can be intense, particularly in geographic areas
recognized as high technology centers such as the Silicon Valley
area, where our principal offices are located, and the other
locations where we maintain facilities. If economic conditions
continue to improve and job opportunities in the technology
industry become more plentiful, we may experience increased
employee attrition and increased competition for skilled
employees. To attract, retain and motivate individuals with the
requisite expertise, we may be required to grant large numbers
of stock options or other stock-based incentive awards, which
may be dilutive to existing stockholders. Our adoption of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS,
No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, an amendment of FASB
Statements Nos. 123 and 95, during our third quarter of
2005 will result in additional compensation expense. We may also
be required to pay key employees significant base salaries and
cash bonuses, which could harm our operating results.
In addition, regulations adopted by the NYSE and NASDAQ require
stockholder approval for new equity compensation plans and
significant amendments to existing plans, including increases in
shares available for issuance under such plans, and prohibit
NYSE and NASDAQ member organizations from giving a proxy to vote
on equity compensation plans unless the beneficial owner of the
shares has given voting instructions. These regulations could
make it more difficult for us to grant equity compensation to
employees in the future. To the extent that these regulations
make it more difficult or expensive to grant equity compensation
to employees, we may incur increased compensation costs or find
it difficult to attract, retain and motivate employees, which
could materially and adversely affect our business.
The competition in our industries is substantial and we
cannot assure you that we will be able to continue
to successfully
compete in our industries.
The EDA market and the commercial electronics design and
methodology services industries are highly competitive. If we
fail to compete successfully in these industries, it could
seriously harm our business, operating results and financial
condition. To compete in these industries, we must identify and
develop or acquire innovative and cost competitive
EDA products, integrate them into platforms and market them
in a timely manner. We must also gain industry acceptance for
our design and methodology services and offer better strategic
concepts, technical solutions, prices and response time, or a
combination of these factors, than those of other design
companies and the internal design departments of electronics
manufacturers. We cannot assure you that we will be able to
compete successfully in these industries. Factors that could
affect our ability to succeed include:
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The development by others of competitive EDA products or
platforms and design and methodology services, which could
result in a shift of customer preferences away from our products
and services and significantly decrease revenue; |
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Decisions by electronics manufacturers to perform design and
methodology services internally, rather than purchase these
services from outside vendors due to budget constraints or
excess engineering capacity; |
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The challenges of developing (or acquiring externally-developed)
technology solutions which are adequate and competitive in
meeting the requirements of next-generation design challenges; |
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The significant number of current and potential competitors in
the EDA industry and the low cost of entry; |
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Intense competition to attract acquisition targets, which may
make it more difficult for us to acquire companies or
technologies at an acceptable price or at all; and |
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The combination of or collaboration among many
EDA companies to deliver more comprehensive offerings than
they could individually. |
13
We compete in the EDA products market primarily with
Synopsys, Inc., Mentor Graphics Corporation and Magma Design
Automation, Inc. We also compete with numerous smaller
EDA companies, with manufacturers of electronic devices
that have developed or have the capability to develop their own
EDA products, and with numerous electronics design and
consulting companies. Manufacturers of electronic devices may be
reluctant to purchase services from independent vendors such as
us because they wish to promote their own internal design
departments.
We may need to change our pricing models to compete
successfully.
The intensely competitive markets in which we compete can put
pressure on us to reduce the prices of our products. If our
competitors offer deep discounts on certain products in an
effort to recapture or gain market segment share or to sell
other software or hardware products, we may then need to lower
prices or offer other favorable terms to compete successfully.
Any such changes would be likely to reduce our profit margins
and could adversely affect our operating results. Any
broadly-based changes to our prices and pricing policies could
cause sales and software license revenues to decline or be
delayed as our sales force implements and our customers adjust
to the new pricing policies. Some of our competitors may bundle
products for promotional purposes or as a long-term pricing
strategy or provide guarantees of prices and product
implementations. These practices could, over time, significantly
constrain the prices that we can charge for our products. If we
cannot offset price reductions with a corresponding increase in
the number of sales or with lower spending, then the reduced
license revenues resulting from lower prices could have an
adverse effect on our results of operations.
We rely on our proprietary technology as well as software
and other intellectual property rights licensed to
us by third parties, and we
cannot assure you that the precautions taken to protect our
rights will be
adequate or that we will
continue to be able to adequately secure such intellectual
property rights from
third parties.
Our success depends, in part, upon our proprietary technology.
We generally rely on patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade
secret laws, licenses and restrictive agreements to establish
and protect our proprietary rights in technology and products.
Despite precautions we may take to protect our intellectual
property, we cannot assure you that third parties will not try
to challenge, invalidate or circumvent these safeguards. We also
cannot assure you that the rights granted under our patents or
attendant to our other intellectual property will provide us
with any competitive advantages, or that patents will be issued
on any of our pending applications, or that future patents will
be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. Furthermore,
the laws of foreign countries may not protect our proprietary
rights in those countries to the same extent as applicable law
protects these rights in the United States. Many of our products
include software or other intellectual property licensed from
third parties. We may have to seek new or renew existing
licenses for such software and other intellectual property in
the future. Our design services business holds licenses to
certain software and other intellectual property owned by third
parties. Our failure to obtain, for our use, software or other
intellectual property licenses or other intellectual property
rights on favorable terms, or the need to engage in litigation
over these licenses or rights, could seriously harm our
business, operating results and financial condition.
We could lose key technology or suffer serious harm to our
business because of the infringement of our
intellectual property
rights by third parties or because of our infringement of the
intellectual property
rights of third
parties.
There are numerous patents in the EDA industry and new
patents are being issued at a rapid rate. It is not always
practicable to determine in advance whether a product or any of
its components infringes the patent rights of others. As a
result, from time to time, we may be forced to respond to or
prosecute intellectual property infringement claims to protect
our rights or defend a customers rights. These claims,
regardless of merit, could consume valuable management time,
result in costly litigation, or cause product shipment delays,
all of which could seriously harm our business, operating
results and financial condition. In settling these claims, we
may be required to enter into royalty or licensing agreements
with the third parties claiming
14
infringement. These royalty or licensing agreements, if
available, may not have terms favorable to us. Being forced to
enter into a license agreement with unfavorable terms could
seriously harm our business, operating results and financial
condition. Any potential intellectual property litigation could
force us to do one or more of the following:
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Pay damages, license fees or royalties to the party claiming
infringement; |
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Stop licensing products or providing services that use the
challenged intellectual property; |
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Obtain a license from the owner of the infringed intellectual
property to sell or use the relevant technology, which license
may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or |
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Redesign the challenged technology, which could be
time-consuming and costly. |
If we were forced to take any of these actions, our business and
results of operations may suffer.
If our security measures are breached and an unauthorized
party obtains access to customer data, our
information systems
may be perceived as being insecure and customers may curtail
their use of, or stop
their use of, our products
and services.
Our products and services involve the storage and transmission
of customers proprietary information, and breaches of our
security measures could expose us to a risk of loss or misuse of
this information, litigation and potential liability. Because
techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage
information systems change frequently and generally are not
recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to
anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventive
measures. If an actual or perceived breach of our security
occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our
security measures could be harmed and we could lose existing
customers and our ability to obtain new customers.
We may not be able to effectively implement our
restructuring activities, and our restructuring
activities
may not result in the
expected benefits, which would negatively impact our future
results of operations.
The EDA market and the commercial electronics design and
methodology services industries are highly competitive and
change quickly. We have responded to increased competition and
changes in the industries in which we compete by restructuring
our operations and reducing the size of our workforce. Despite
our restructuring efforts over the last few years, we cannot
assure you that we will achieve all of the operating expense
reductions and improvements in operating margins and cash flows
currently anticipated from these restructuring activities in the
periods contemplated, or at all. Our inability to realize these
benefits, and our failure to appropriately structure our
business to meet market conditions, could negatively impact our
results of operations.
As part of our recent restructuring activities, we have reduced
the workforce in certain revenue-generating portions of our
business, particularly in our services business. This reduction
in staffing levels could require us to forego certain future
strategic opportunities due to limited resources, which could
negatively affect our long-term revenues.
In addition, these workforce reductions could result in a lack
of focus and reduced productivity by remaining employees due to
changes in responsibilities or concern about future prospects,
which in turn may negatively affect our future revenues.
Further, we believe our future success depends, in large part,
on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel.
Our restructuring activities could negatively affect our ability
to attract such personnel as a result of perceived risk of
future workforce reductions.
In early 2005, we announced a new plan of restructuring. We also
cannot assure you that we will not be required to implement
further restructuring activities or reductions in our workforce
based on changes in the markets and industries in which we
compete or that any future restructuring efforts will be
successful.
The lengthy sales cycle of our products and services makes
the timing of our revenue difficult to predict and
may cause our
operating results to fluctuate unexpectedly.
We have a lengthy sales cycle that generally extends at least
three to six months. The length of the sales cycle may cause our
revenue and operating results to vary from quarter to quarter.
The complexity and
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expense associated with our business generally requires a
lengthy customer education, evaluation and approval process.
Consequently, we may incur substantial expenses and devote
significant management effort and expense to develop potential
relationships that do not result in agreements or revenue and
may prevent us from pursuing other opportunities.
In addition, sales of our products and services may be delayed
if customers delay approval or commencement of projects because
of:
The
timing of customers competitive evaluation
processes; or
Customers
budgetary constraints and budget cycles.
Lengthy sales cycles for acceleration and emulation hardware
products subject us to a number of significant risks over which
we have limited control, including insufficient, excess or
obsolete inventory, variations in inventory valuation and
fluctuations in quarterly operating results.
Also, because of the timing of large orders and our
customers buying patterns, we may not learn of bookings
shortfalls, revenue shortfalls, earnings shortfalls or other
failures to meet market expectations until late in a fiscal
quarter, which could cause even more immediate and serious harm
to the trading price of our common stock.
The profitability of our services business depends on
factors that are difficult to control, such as the high
cost of our services
employees, our cost of performing our fixed-price services
contracts and the success
of our design services
business, which has historically suffered losses.
To be successful in our services business, we must overcome
several factors that are difficult to control, including the
following:
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Our cost of services employees is high and reduces our gross
margin. Gross margin represents the difference between the
amount of revenue from the sale of services and our cost of
providing those services. We must pay high salaries to attract
and retain professional services employees. This results in a
lower gross margin than the gross margin in our software
business. In addition, the high cost of training new services
employees or not fully utilizing these employees can
significantly lower gross margin. It is difficult to adjust
staffing levels quickly to reflect customer demand for services;
therefore, the services business has in the past and could
continue to experience losses. |
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A portion of services contracts consists of fixed-price
contracts. Some of our customers pay a fixed price for
services provided, regardless of the cost we must incur to
perform the contract. If our cost in performing the services
were to |