SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
| (Mark One) | ||||
| [ x ] | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||
| For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2003 | ||||
| OR | ||||
| [ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||
| For the transition period from to | ||||
Commission File Number 000-19424
EZCORP, INC.
Delaware |
74-2540145 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
incorporation or organization) |
||
1901 Capital Parkway Austin, Texas |
78746 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (512) 314-3400
| Name of Each Exchange | ||
| Title of Each Class | on Which Registered | |
| Class A Non-voting Common Stock | The Nasdaq Stock Market | |
| $.01 par value per share |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosures of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]
The only class of voting securities of the registrant issued and outstanding is the Class B Voting Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, all of which is owned by one record holder who is an affiliate of the registrant. There is no trading market for the Class B Voting Common Stock. The aggregate market value of the Class A Non-Voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $37 million, based on the closing price on the NASDAQ Stock Market on March 31, 2003.
As of November 21, 2003, 10,997,831 shares of the registrants Class A Non-Voting Common Stock, par value $.01 per share and 1,190,057 shares of the registrants Class B Voting Common Stock, par value $.01 per share were outstanding.
EZCORP, INC.
YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2003
INDEX TO FORM 10-K
| Item | Page | |||||
| No. | No. | |||||
INTRODUCTION |
||||||
PART I |
||||||
1. |
Business |
3 |
||||
2. |
Properties |
15 |
||||
3. |
Legal Proceedings |
18 |
||||
4. |
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
18 |
||||
PART II |
||||||
5. |
Market for Registrants Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters |
19 |
||||
6. |
Selected Financial Data |
20 |
||||
7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations |
22 |
||||
7A. |
Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
32 |
||||
8. |
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
34 |
||||
9. |
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure |
55 |
||||
9A. |
Controls and Procedures |
56 |
||||
PART III |
||||||
10. |
Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant |
57 |
||||
11. |
Executive Compensation |
60 |
||||
12. |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
66 |
||||
13. |
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions |
68 |
||||
14. |
Principal Accounting Fees and Services |
69 |
||||
PART IV |
||||||
15. |
Financial Statement Schedules, Exhibits, and Reports on Form 8K |
70 |
||||
Signatures |
73 |
|||||
Exhibit Index |
74 |
|||||
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
EZCORP, Inc. (the Company) is a Delaware corporation with its principal executive offices located at 1901 Capital Parkway, Austin, Texas 78746. Its telephone number is (512) 314-3400. Interested parties may access the Companys filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission through a link in the Investor Relations section of the Companys website at www.ezcorp.com. Also available on the Companys website is its Code of Conduct and Ethics. References to the Company include the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 22.1. The Company is primarily engaged in operating pawnshops and payday loan stores which function as convenient sources of consumer credit and as value-oriented specialty retailers of primarily previously owned merchandise.
The discussion in this section of this report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Companys actual results could differ materially from those discussed herein. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this section and those discussed elsewhere in this report.
General
The Company meets the short-term cash needs of the cash and credit constrained
consumer by offering convenient, non-recourse loans collateralized by tangible
personal property, commonly known as pawn loans; by offering short-term
non-collateralized loans, often referred to as payday loans; and by purchasing
customers merchandise at its pawnshop locations. As a result of its pawn
lending operations and customer purchases, the Company sells used merchandise,
primarily forfeited collateral, to consumers looking for good values.
The Company makes pawn loans in its 280 pawnshops. The income earned on this activity is pawn service charge revenue. While allowable service charges vary by state and loan size, a majority of the Companys pawn loans are in amounts that permit pawn service charges of 20% per month or 240% per annum. The Companys average pawn loan amount has historically averaged between $70 and $75. In most states in which the Company operates, collateral is held one month with a 60-day grace period, after which the collateral is forfeited. In the twelve-month periods ended September 30, 2001, 2002, and 2003 (Fiscal 2001, Fiscal 2002, and Fiscal 2003), approximately 76% of the pawn loans made by the Company were redeemed in full or were renewed or extended through the payment of accrued pawn service charges.
Also in its pawnshops, the Company acquires inventory for its retail sales primarily through pawn loan forfeitures and, to a lesser extent, through purchases of customers merchandise. The realization of gross profit on sales of inventory primarily depends on the Companys assessment of the resale value at the time the property is either accepted as loan collateral or purchased. Improper assessment of the resale value in either the lending or purchasing function can result in reduced marketability of the property and the realization of a lower margin. During Fiscal 2001, 2002, and 2003, the Company realized gross margins on sales of 39%, 35%, and 36%.
As of September 30, 2003, the Company offered unsecured payday loans in 225 of its pawnshops, in four EZMONEY payday loan stores which offer only payday loans (Mono-line stores), and in an Austin, Texas based payday loan call center. Introduced to most of the 225 pawnshops in March 2001, this product continues to mature as the customer base in these stores grows. During Fiscal 2003, the Company opened four Mono-line EZMONEY payday loan stores. Two of these EZMONEY stores adjoin existing EZPAWN store locations but have a different entrance, different signage and different décor. Even though they adjoin an EZPAWN, from the customers point of view the EZMONEY store is a separate business. The Company refers to these as stores within a store.
Payday loans are made based on a limited review of several factors, including a customers employment and check-writing history, and generally are made for periods of less than 30 days, averaging about 16 days. The service charge for these loans generally ranges between $15 and $30 per $100 loaned. The
3
average payday loan amount is approximately $325. The profitability of payday loans is highly dependent on the level of initial loan defaults and subsequent collection efforts. When measured as a percentage of loans made, the Company experienced payday loan net default rates (initial loan defaults less loan defaults subsequently collected as a percentage of loans made) of 8.1%, 6.9% and 5.0% during Fiscal 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively.
The following components comprised the Companys net revenues (total revenues less cost of goods sold):
| Fiscal Year Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||
Pawn service charges |
51 | % | 51 | % | 48 | % | ||||||
Gross profit from merchandise sales |
47 | % | 41 | % | 38 | % | ||||||
Gross profit (loss) from jewelry scrapping |
(1 | %) | | 3 | % | |||||||
Payday loan service charges |
2 | % | 7 | % | 10 | % | ||||||
Fee revenue |
1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | ||||||
Net revenues |
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||
The pawnshop industry in the United States is large and highly fragmented. The industry consists of over 10,000 pawnshops owned primarily by independent operators who typically own one to three locations. The Company, with 280 pawn locations, is the second largest operator of pawnshops in the United States; while the three largest pawnshop operators, including the Company, account for less than ten percent of the estimated pawnshops.
The payday loan industry in the United States is less fragmented than the pawnshop industry, with approximately 15,000 locations offering payday loans. These locations are generally Mono-line payday loan stores, or stores offering only payday loans, and other businesses offering payday loans in addition to other products and services, such as check cashing stores and pawnshops. The ten largest companies, of which the Company is the ninth largest, comprise approximately 40% of the total number of locations.
Lending Activities
The Companys pawnshops primarily make pawn loans, which typically are
relatively small, non-recourse loans secured by tangible personal property. As
of September 30, 2003, the Company had approximately 675,000 loans outstanding,
representing an aggregate principal balance of $48.0 million. A majority of
the Companys pawn loans are in amounts that permit pawn service charges of 20%
per month or 240% per annum. For Fiscal 2003, pawn service charges accounted
for approximately 28% of the Companys total revenues and 48% of its net
revenues.
Collateral for the Companys pawn loans consists of tangible personal property, generally jewelry, consumer electronics, tools, sporting goods, and musical instruments. The Company does not investigate the creditworthiness of a pawn customer, but relies on the estimated resale value of the collateral, the perceived probability of the loans redemption, and the estimated time required to sell the item as a basis for its lending decision. The Company generally lends from 25% to 65% of the pledged propertys estimated resale value depending on an evaluation of these factors. The sources for the Companys determination of the resale value of collateral include the Companys computerized valuation software, catalogues, newspaper advertisements, and previous sales of similar merchandise.
The collateral is held through the term of the loan, which in most locations is one month with an automatic 60-day grace period, unless repaid, renewed, or extended earlier. The Company seeks to maintain a redemption rate (the percent of loans made that are redeemed, renewed, or extended) of between 70% and 80%, and in each of the Companys last three fiscal periods, the redemption rate was within this range. The redemption rate is maintained through compliance with the Companys lending guidelines. If a borrower does not repay, extend, or renew a loan, the collateral is forfeited to the Company and becomes inventory available for sale. The Company does not record loan losses or charge-offs of pawn loans because the principal amount of an unpaid loan becomes the inventory carrying cost of the forfeited
4
collateral. The Company provides an inventory valuation allowance based on the type and age of merchandise as well as recent sales trends and margins.
The table below shows the dollar amount of pawn loan activity by the Company for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2001, 2002 and 2003:
| Fiscal Year Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||
Loans made |
$ | 185.1 | $ | 189.0 | $ | 185.8 | ||||||
Loans repaid |
(113.8 | ) | (113.7 | ) | (113.4 | ) | ||||||
Loans forfeited |
(71.1 | ) | (73.2 | ) | (73.7 | ) | ||||||
Net increase (decrease) in pawn loans outstanding at
the end of the year |
$ | 0.2 | $ | 2.1 | $ | (1.3 | ) | |||||
The redemption rate of pawn loans and the gross profit realized on the sale of forfeited collateral are dependent on the appraisal of customer merchandise. Jewelry, which makes up approximately 60% of the value of collateral, can be appraised based on weight, gold content, style, and value of gemstones, if any. The other items pawned typically consist of consumer electronics, tools, sporting goods, and musical instruments. These can be evaluated based on recent sales experience and the selling price of similar new merchandise, adjusted for age, wear, and obsolescence. During Fiscal 2001, 2002, and 2003, the Company realized gross margins on sales of 39%, 35%, and 36%.
At the time a pawn transaction is made, a pawn loan agreement, commonly referred to as a pawn ticket, is given to the borrower. It sets forth, among other things, the name and address of the pawnshop and the borrower, the borrowers identification number from a drivers license, military identification or other government issued identification, the date of the loan, an identification and description of the pledged goods (including applicable serial numbers), the amount financed, the pawn service charge, the maturity date of the loan, the total amount that must be paid to redeem the pledged goods, and the annual percentage rate.
Since a majority of the Companys pawn stores are located in Texas, Texas pawnshop laws and regulations govern most of the Companys operations. In Texas, pawnshop operations are regulated by the Office of the Consumer Credit Commissioner in accordance with Chapter 371 of the Texas Finance Code, commonly known as the Texas Pawnshop Act (the Pawnshop Act) and Rules of Operation for Pawnshops (the Rules). See Regulation.
The maximum allowable pawn service charges in the State of Texas are set in accordance with Texas law under the Pawnshop Act and are based on the dollar amount of the loan. Historically, the maximum allowable pawn service charges under Texas law have not changed; however, the loan amounts have periodically been adjusted.
Schedule of Applicable Loan Service Charges for Texas
| Maximum | ||||||||
| Allowable Annual | ||||||||
| Amount Financed per Pawn Loan | Pawn Service Charge | |||||||
| July 1, 2002 to | July 1, 2003 to | |||||||
| June 30, 2003 | June 30, 2004 | |||||||
| $1 to $150 | $1 to $153 | 240 | % | |||||
$151 $1,000 |
$154 $1,020 | 180 | % | |||||
$1,001 $1,500 |
$1,021 $1,530 | 30 | % | |||||
| $1,501 to $12,500 | $1,531 to $12,750 | 12 | % | |||||
5
Under Texas law, there is a ceiling on the maximum allowable pawn loan. For the year ended June 30, 2003, the loan ceiling was $12,500. From July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004, the loan ceiling is $12,750. The Companys average loan amount at the end of Fiscal 2003 was approximately $71.
In addition to pawn loans, the Company offers unsecured payday loans in 225 of its pawnshops, in four EZMONEY payday loan stores offering only payday loans, and in one payday loan call center. In most locations and in the call center, the Company markets and services payday loans made by County Bank of Rehoboth Beach, Delaware (County Bank), a federally insured Delaware bank; and in a limited number of locations, the Company makes the loans. The Company may purchase an 85% participation in the loans made by County Bank. The average payday loan amount is approximately $325 and the terms are generally less than 30 days, averaging about 16 days. The service charge per $100 loaned is typically $18 for a seven to 23-day period, but varies in certain locations. The loans and related service charges reported in the Companys consolidated financial statements reflect only the Companys participation interest in these loans.
Unlike pawn loans, payday loans are unsecured, and their profitability is highly dependent upon the Companys ability to manage the default rate and collect defaulted loans. The Company considers a loan defaulted if the loan has not been repaid or refinanced by the maturity date. Although defaulted loans may be subsequently collected, the Company charges defaulted loan principal to bad debt expense upon default, leaving only active loans in the reported balance. Collections of defaulted loan principal are recorded as a reduction of bad debt in the period received. Accrued service charges related to defaulted loans are deducted from service charge revenue upon loan default, and increase service charge revenue upon collection. The Company provides for a valuation allowance on both the principal and service charges receivable based on recent default and collection experience. At September 30, 2003, the valuation allowance was 5.9% o f the payday loan principal and service charges receivable; the actual payday loan net default rate was 5.0% for the full Fiscal 2003 year. The Companys payday loan balance represents the principal amount of all active (non-defaulted) loans net of this valuation allowance.
Retail Activities
The Companys retail activities liquidate inventory acquired through pawn loan
forfeitures and the purchase of customer merchandise. The realization of gross
profit on sales of inventory primarily depends on the Companys initial
assessment of the propertys resale value. Improper assessment of the resale
value in the lending function can result in reduced marketability of the
property and the realization of a lower margin. Jewelry sales represent
approximately half of the Companys total sales with the remaining sales
consisting primarily of consumer electronics, tools, sporting goods, and
musical instruments. The Company believes its ability to offer quality used
merchandise at prices significantly lower than original retail prices attracts
value-conscious customers. During the three most recent fiscal years, sources
of inventory additions were:
| Fiscal Year Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||
Forfeited pawn loan collateral |
91 | % | 89 | % | 87 | % | ||||||
Purchases from customers |
9 | % | 11 | % | 13 | % | ||||||
For Fiscal 2001, 2002, and 2003, retail activities and jewelry scrapping accounted for approximately 69%, 67%, and 65% of the Companys total revenues, or 46%, 41%, and 41% of the Companys net revenues, after deducting cost of goods sold.
Analysis of the sales and inventory data provided by the Companys management information systems facilitates the design and development of promotional and merchandising programs and merchandise pricing decisions. Regional and area managers oversee these promotional and merchandising programs, review merchandise pricing decisions, and balance inventory levels within markets.
The Company does not give prospective buyers warranties on merchandise sold through its retail operations. Customers may purchase an item on layaway, whereby a customer will typically pay a minimum layaway deposit of 20% of an items sale price. The Company will hold the item for a 60 to 90-
6
day period during which the customer is required to pay for the item in full. Layaways are not recorded as sales until the layaway is paid in full. The initial deposit and subsequent payments are recorded as customer layaway deposits. As of September 30, 2003, the Company had $1.8 million in customer layaway deposits.
The Companys overall inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market. The Company provides an inventory valuation allowance for shrinkage and cost in excess of market value. The Company estimates this valuation allowance through study and analysis of sales trends, inventory turnover, inventory aging, margins achieved on recent sales, and shrinkage. The valuation allowance, including an allowance for shrinkage, amounted to $1.1 million, $1.7 million, and $1.8 million as of September 30, 2001, 2002, and 2003. At September 30, 2003, total inventory on hand was $29.8 million, after deducting the inventory valuation allowance.
Seasonality
Historically, service charge revenues are highest in the Companys first fiscal
quarter (October through December) due to improving loan redemption rates
coupled with a higher average loan balance following the summer lending season.
Sales generally are highest in the Companys first and second fiscal quarters
(October through March) due to the holiday season and the impact of tax
refunds. Sales volume can be heavily influenced by the timing of decisions to
scrap excess jewelry inventory, which generally occurs during low jewelry sales
periods (May through October). The net effect of these factors is that net
revenues and net income typically are highest in the first and second fiscal
quarters. The Companys cash flow is greatest in its second fiscal quarter
primarily due to a high level of loan redemptions and sales in the income tax
refund season.
Operations
A typical Company pawn store employs five to six full time equivalent employees
(FTEs) consisting of a manager, an assistant manager, and three to four sales
and lending representatives. Each store manager is responsible for ensuring
that his or her store is run in accordance with the Companys policies,
procedures, and operating guidelines. Each store manager reports to one of 34
area managers who are responsible for the stores within a specific operating
area. Area managers are responsible for the performance of all stores within
their area and report to one of four regional directors. Area managers, store
managers, and assistant managers receive incentive compensation based on their
area or stores performance in comparison to an operating budget. This
incentive compensation typically ranges between 5% and 15% of their total
compensation, plus a gain-sharing component for store and area managers whose
stores exceed budgeted levels of earnings.
Mono-line payday loan stores employ two to three FTEs per location, consisting of a manager and one to two lending representatives. Each store manager is responsible for ensuring that his or her store is run in accordance with the Companys policies, procedures, and operating guidelines. As the number of Mono-line stores grows, the Company anticipates building an operating organization similar to its pawn operation, although with a broader span of control and a smaller area and regional management structure.
The Company has a store level point of sale (POS) system that automates the recording of most store-level transactions. Financial summary data from all stores is processed at the corporate office each day and the preceding days data are available for management review via the Companys internal network. The Companys communications network provides two-way communication and information access between the stores and the corporate office. During 2003, the Company completed the implementation of its new POS system, which provides additional store level functionality, enhances reporting and controls, and provides software and hardware scalability.
The Company has an internal audit staff of approximately 17 employees who monitor the Companys perpetual inventory system, lending practices, and regulatory compliance. In addition, they ensure consistent compliance with the Companys policies and procedures.
7
As of September 30, 2003, the Company employed approximately 1,900 people. The Company believes that its success is dependent upon its employees ability to provide prompt and courteous customer service and to execute the Companys operating procedures and standards. The Company seeks to hire people who will become long-term, career employees. To achieve the Companys long-range personnel goals, it strives to develop its employees through a combination of learner-controlled instruction, web-based classes, classroom training, and supervised on-the-job loan and sales training for new employees. All store associates complete competency checks and all new employees complete a learner-controlled instruction program. Managers attend on-going management skills and operations performance training. The Company anticipates that store manager candidates will be promoted from the ranks of existing store employees and hired from outside the Company. The Companys career development plan develops and advances employees within the Company, and provides training for the efficient integration of experienced retail managers and pawnbrokers from outside the Company.
At November 21, 2003, the Company operated its pawnshops under the name EZPAWN. The Company has registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office the names EZPAWN, EZMONEY, EZMONEY Center, and EZCORP, among others. Additionally, the Company operates under the trade names EZMONEY Payday Loans, EZMONEY Payroll Advance, Payroll Advance Express, and EZCORP Collection Center.
Future Expansion
The Company plans to expand the number of locations it operates through the
development of new locations and through acquisitions. The Company believes
that in the near term the largest growth opportunity is with the EZMONEY payday
loan stores. The Company has announced that it plans to open 75 to 85 EZMONEY
stores, some of which will be adjoining an EZPAWN store, but with a different
entrance. The Company believes this store within a store concept offers the
potential for accelerated payday loan growth and leveraging of existing
occupancy and supervisory costs.
The two new stand-alone EZMONEY payday loan stores opened in Fiscal 2003 required an average property and equipment investment of approximately $25,000 each. The two store within a store EZMONEY stores added in Fiscal 2003 required an average investment, including some initial design costs, of approximately $40,000 each. Between October 1, 2003 and December 15, 2003, the Company opened another 13 EZMONEY stores within a store for an average property and equipment investment of $23,000 each. The five most recently opened pawn stores required an average gross investment (including inventory, pawn loans, property, and equipment) of approximately $500,000 per pawnshop during the first 12 months of operation.
The Companys ability to add new stores is dependent on several variables, such as the availability of acceptable sites or acquisition candidates, the regulatory environment, and the availability of qualified personnel. The Companys ability to add newly established pawnshops in Texas counties having a population of 250,000 or more is restricted by Texas law, which provides that applications for new licenses in such counties will be approved only at proposed locations which are not less than two miles from another licensed pawnshop and applications to relocate a licensed pawnshop will be approved only for proposed locations which are not less than one mile from another licensed pawnshop. Any existing Texas pawnshop may relocate to within one mile of its present location, regardless of the existence of other pawnshops. The Companys ability to add newly established pawnshops may be adversely affected by such regulation. See Regulation.
Competition
The Company encounters significant competition in connection with its lending
operation. These competitive conditions may adversely affect the Companys
revenues, profitability, and its ability to expand. In its lending business,
the Company competes with other pawnshops, other payday lenders, and other
financial institutions, such as consumer finance companies. Other lenders may
lend money on an unsecured basis, at interest rates that may be lower than the
service charges of the Company, and on other terms that may be more favorable
than those offered by the Company. The Company believes that the primary
elements of competition are the quality of customer service and relationship
management, store location, and the ability to loan competitive amounts at
competitive rates. In addition, the Company
8
believes that the ability to compete effectively will be based increasingly on strong general management, regional market focus, automated management information systems, and access to capital.
The Companys competitors for merchandise sales include numerous retail and wholesale stores, including jewelry stores, discount retail stores, consumer electronics stores, other pawnshops, other retailers of previously owned merchandise, electronic commerce retailers, and auction sites. Competitive factors in the Companys retail operations include the ability to provide the customer with a variety of merchandise at an exceptional value.
Strategic Investment
In 1998, the Company acquired 29.5% of the outstanding shares of Albemarle &
Bond Holdings plc (A&B). The Companys interest was 28.9% at June 30, 2003,
the most recent date for which A&B has published results. As its largest
shareholder, the Company and its affiliates hold three seats on A&Bs board of
directors. A&B is a publicly traded company based in Bristol, England and
trades on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange. At
June 30, 2003, A&B operated 53 locations in the United Kingdom that offer pawn
loans, payday loans, check cashing, and retail jewelry. For A&Bs 2003 fiscal
year, which ended June 30, 2003, A&Bs operating profit increased 18% over the
prior year to approximately £4.9 million ($7.8 million).
The Company accounts for its investment in A&B under the equity method. In Fiscal 2003, the Companys interest in A&Bs income was $1,412,000. At November 21, 2003, the market value of the Companys investment was approximately $20.9 million, based on the closing price and exchange rates on that date while the book value of the Companys investment in A&B was $14.7 million.
9
Regulation
Pawnshop Operations
The Companys pawnshop operations are subject to extensive regulation,
supervision, and licensing under various federal, state, and local statutes,
ordinances, and regulations. Additionally, in many states in which the Company
operates, pawnshops are subject to local regulation at the municipal and county
level. The laws of Texas, Colorado, Oklahoma, Indiana, Florida, Alabama, and
Nevada govern the majority of the Companys pawnshop operations. A summary of
these states pawnshop statutes and regulations governing the Companys
pawnshops are discussed below.
Texas Regulations
The Texas Pawnshop Act and the related Rules of Operation for Pawnshops govern
Texas pawnshops. Pawnshop and pawnshop employees are licensed and supervised
by the Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner (OCCC).
To be eligible for a license to operate a pawnshop in Texas, an applicant must: (i) be of good moral character, which in the case of a business entity applies to each officer, director, and holder of five percent or more of the entitys outstanding shares; (ii) have net unencumbered assets (as defined in the Texas Pawnshop Act) of at least $150,000 readily available for use in conducting the business of each licensed pawnshop; (iii) demonstrate that the applicant has the financial responsibility, experience, character, and general fitness to command the confidence of the public in its operation; and (iv) demonstrate that the pawnshop will be operated lawfully and fairly. Additionally, the pawnshop employee application inquires about individual applicants credit history and criminal record.
For a new license application in any Texas county, the OCCC provides notice of the application and the opportunity for a public hearing to the other licensed pawnshops in the county in which the applicant proposes to operate. In counties with 250,000 or more people, applications for new licenses are approved only at locations that are not less than two miles from another licensed pawnshop, and applications to relocate a license are approved only for locations that are not less than one mile from another licensed pawnshop. Any existing store may relocate to within one mile of its present location, regardless of the existence of other pawnshops. The Companys ability to open new stores or relocate existing stores may be adversely affected by these licensing provisions.
The Texas Pawnshop Act also contains provisions related to the operation of pawnshops and authorizes the issuance of administrative rules called the Rules of Operation of Pawnshops (the Rules). The Rules regulate the day-to-day management of the Companys pawnshops including the maximum pawn service charge and principal loan amount.
Pawn service charges vary based on loan amounts. Historically, the maximum allowable pawn service charge rates have not changed; however, the loan amounts have periodically been adjusted. A table of the maximum allowable pawn service charges under the Texas Pawnshop Act for the various loan amounts is presented in Lending Activities. Under Texas law, there is a ceiling on the maximum allowable pawn loan. For the period July 1, 2002 through June 30, 2003, the loan ceiling is $12,500. For the period July 1, 2003 through June 30, 2004, the loan ceiling is $12,750. Texas requires pawn transactions to be reported to local authorities.
Under the Texas Pawnshop Act and the Rules, a pawnbroker may not do any of the following: (i) accept a pledge from a person under the age of 18 years; (ii) make any agreement requiring the personal liability of the borrower; (iii) accept any waiver of any right or protection accorded to a pawn customer; (iv) fail to exercise reasonable care to protect pledged goods from loss or damage; (v) fail to return pledged goods to a pawn customer upon payment of the full amount due; (vi) make any charge for insurance in connection with a pawn transaction; (vii) enter into any pawn transaction that has a maturity date of more than one month; (viii) display for sale in storefront windows or sidewalk display cases pistols, swords, canes, blackjacks or similar weapons; (ix) purchase used or second hand personal property unless a record is established containing the name, address, and identification of the seller, a complete description
10
of the property, including serial number and a signed statement that the seller has the right to sell the property; or, (x) accept into pawn or purchase stolen goods.
The OCCC may, after notice and hearing, suspend or revoke any license for a Texas pawnshop or employee upon finding that: (i) any fees or charges have not been paid; (ii) the licensee has violated (knowingly or unknowingly without due care) any provisions of the Texas Pawnshop Act or any regulation or order; or (iii) any fact or condition exists which, if it had existed at the time the original application was filed for a license, would have justified the OCCC in refusing the license.
Colorado Regulations
Colorado law requires pawnbrokers to be licensed and bonded by local
municipalities which subject them to extensive and varied regulation and
supervision. Pawn transactions must be reported to local authorities and
pawnbrokers must maintain certain bookkeeping records. Under Colorado law, the
maximum allowable pawn service charge is 240% annually for pawn loans up to
$50, and 120% annually for pawn loans of $50 or more.
Oklahoma Regulations
The Oklahoma Pawnshop Act follows a statutory scheme similar to the Texas
Pawnshop Act, requires pawnbrokers to be licensed and bonded, and regulates the
day-to-day operation of the Companys Oklahoma pawnshops. The Oklahoma
Administrator of Consumer Credit administers the Oklahoma Pawnshop Act and has
broad rule-making authority. Additionally, the Oklahoma Administrator of
Consumer Credit is responsible for investigating the general fitness of
pawnshop applicants. Each applicant is required to (i) be of good moral
character; (ii) have net assets of at least $25,000; (iii) show that the
pawnshop will be operated lawfully and fairly; and (iv) not have been convicted
of any felony that directly relates to the duties and responsibilities of
pawnbrokering. Unlike Texas, Oklahoma pawnshop employees are not individually
licensed.
In general, the Oklahoma Pawnshop Act prescribes loan amounts and maximum rates of service charges which pawnbrokers in Oklahoma may charge for lending money. The regulations provide for a graduated rate structure, similar to the structure used for federal income tax purposes. Under this rate structure, a $500 loan, for example, earns interest as follows: (i) the first $150 at 240% annually, (ii) the next $100 at 180% annually, and (iii) the remaining $250 at 120% annually. The maximum allowable pawn service charges for the various loan amounts under the Oklahoma statute are as follows:
| Maximum Allowable | ||||
| Amount Financed | Annual Percentage | |||
| Per Pawn Loan | Rate | |||
$1 to $150 |
240 | % | ||
$151 to $250 |
180 | % | ||
$251 to $500 |
120 | % | ||
$501 to $1,000 |
60 | % | ||
$1,001 to $25,000 |
35 | % | ||
The principal amount of an Oklahoma pawn loan may not exceed $25,000 per transaction.
Florida Regulations
Florida pawnshops are governed by the Florida Pawnbrokering Act and
accompanying regulations. The Division of Consumer Services of the Department
of Agriculture and Consumer Services licenses and regulates pawnshops.
The Florida Pawnbrokering Act and regulations require that the pawnshop complete a Pawnbroker Transaction Form showing the customer name, type of item pawned, the amount of the pawn loan, and the applicable finance charges. A copy of each form must be delivered to local law enforcement officials at the end of each business day.
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Pawn loans in Florida typically have a 30-day term. The pawnbroker is entitled to charge two percent (2%) of the amount financed for each 30-day period as interest, and an additional amount as pawn service charges, provided the total amount of such charge, inclusive of interest, does not exceed 25% of the amount financed for each 30-day period. The pawnbroker may charge a minimum pawn service charge of $5.00 for each 30-day period. Pawn loans may be extended by agreement, with the charge being one-thirtieth of the original total pawn service charge for each day by which the loan is extended. For loans redeemed greater than 60 days after the date made, pawn service charges continue to accrue at the daily rate of one-thirtieth of the original total pawn service charge.
The Pawnbrokering Act prohibits pawnbrokers from: (i) falsifying or failing to make entries in pawn transaction forms, (ii) refusing to allow appropriate law enforcement officials to inspect their records, (iii) failing to retain records of pawn transactions for at least two years, (iv) making any agreement requiring the personal liability of a pawn customer, (v) failing to return pledged goods upon payment in full of the amount due (unless the pledged goods have been taken into custody by a court or law enforcement officer or otherwise lost or damaged); or, (vi) engaging in title loan transactions at licensed pawnshop locations. Pawnbrokers are also prohibited from entering into pawn transactions with a person who is under the influence of alcohol or controlled substances, a person who is under the age of eighteen, or a person using a name other than his own name or the registered name of his business.
Indiana Regulations
In Indiana, the Pawnbrokering Law governs pawnshops. The Department of
Financial Institutions (the Department) regulates the Companys Indiana
operations. The Department requires the licensing of all pawnshops and
investigates the general fitness of pawn license applicants to determine
whether the convenience and needs of the public will be served by granting a
pawn license. The Department has broad investigatory and enforcement authority.
It may grant, revoke, and suspend licenses. For compliance purposes,
pawnshops are required to keep books, accounts, and records to enable the
Department to determine if the pawnshop is complying with the statute. Each
pawnshop is required to give authorized agents of the Department free access to
its books and accounts for these purposes.
The Pawnbrokering Law authorizes pawnbrokers to charge and collect the following annual rates of interest plus pawn service charges: 276% on transactions of $300 or less; 261% on transactions greater than $300 but not exceeding $1,000, and 255% on transactions greater than $1,000. Furthermore, the Pawnbrokering Act provides for a grace period of 60 days after the initial 30-day term of the loan. During the grace period, interest and service fees continue to accrue, subject to proration to the date of loan redemption.
Alabama Regulations
The Alabama Pawnshop Act regulates the licensing and operation of Alabama
pawnshops. The Supervisor of the Bureau of Loans of the State Department of
Banking is responsible for licensing and investigating the general fitness of
pawnshop applicants. The Alabama Pawnshop Act requires that certain
bookkeeping records be maintained and made available to the Supervisor and to
local law enforcement authorities. The Alabama Pawnshop Act establishes a
maximum allowable pawn service charge of 300% annually.
Nevada Regulations
In Nevada, all pawn loans must be held for redemption for at least 120 days
after the date the loan is made. A pawnbroker may charge interest at the rate
of 10% per month for money loaned on personal property actually received. In
addition, the pawnbroker may collect an initial set up fee of $5.00. Property
received in pledge may not be removed from the pawnshop until after the receipt
of such property is reported to the sheriff or chief of police, unless redeemed
by the owner.
Local Regulations
At the local level, most of the pawnshops voluntarily or pursuant to state law
or municipal ordinance, provide reports of pawn transactions and purchases from
customers to the local police department on a regular basis. These reports are
designed to provide the local police with a detailed description of the goods
involved, including serial numbers, if any, and the names and addresses of the
customers.
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A record of each transaction is provided to local law enforcement agencies to aid in the investigation of property crimes. Goods held to secure pawn loans or goods purchased which are determined to belong to an individual other than the pawnshop customer are subject to recovery by the rightful owner. While a risk exists that pledged or purchased merchandise may be subject to claims of rightful owners, the Companys claims experience is historically less than 0.5% of pawn loans made.
There can be no assurance that additional local, state, or federal legislation will not be enacted or that existing laws and regulations will not be amended which would materially, adversely impact the Companys operations, financial condition, and the ability to expand its operations.
The above summaries generally describe the regulatory environments affecting the majority of the Companys pawnshops. Although state pawnshop laws vary considerably, the above summaries are representative of the statutes and regulations in the other states in which the Company operates.
Firearms Regulations
With respect to firearm sales, each pawnshop must comply with the regulations
issued by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (the ATF). ATF
regulations require each pawnshop dealing in firearms to maintain a permanent
written record of all transactions involving the receipt or disposition of
firearms.
The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (the Brady Act) and the related ATF rules require all federal firearm licensees, in either selling inventoried firearms or releasing pawned firearms, to have the customer complete appropriate forms and pass a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) before the Company may transfer a firearm to any customer.
The Company complies with the Brady Act and the ATF regulations. The Company does not believe that compliance with the Brady Act and the ATF regulations materially affect the Companys operations. There can be no assurance, however, that compliance with the Brady Act and the ATF regulations, or any future changes or amendments thereto will not adversely affect the Companys operations.
Payday Loan Regulations
The Companys payday loan operations are subject to extensive state and federal
statutes and regulations such as the federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the
Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley
Act, and the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. The Company complies with the
requirements of these federal statutes and their regulations with respect to
its payday loan business, and state statutes and regulations where applicable.
During Fiscal 2003, the Company marketed and serviced payday loans on behalf of County Bank, primarily in Texas, Oklahoma and through a call center. The Delaware Department of Banking and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation supervise County Bank. These regulators review all aspects of County Banks payday loan program as well as the Companys operations. In turn, County Bank periodically audits the Companys marketing and servicing procedures.
Federal and state legislative and lobbying initiatives to prohibit or restrict payday lending have been and continue to be aggressively pursued by opponents to the payday loan product. The initiatives focus on outlawing payday loans entirely, limiting the finance charges, renewals, number of loans a consumer may obtain, and the maximum loan amount and amount outstanding at any one time. County Bank, which makes the loans in the majority of stores where EZPAWN and EZMONEY market and service payday loans, is regulated by the FDIC. The FDIC has adopted guidelines for its member banks to follow with respect to payday loans. The FDIC reviews and monitors County Banks activities for compliance. Despite the significant need and consumer demand for the payday loan product, the possibility exists that federal and state legislation and regulations could be enacted which could severely restrict or eliminate the Companys ability to either make payday loans or market and service payday loans for County Bank or any other financial institution.
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In order to market and service payday loans for County Bank in Texas, the Companys pawnshops, EZMONEY payday loan stores, and collection center are required to be licensed as a regulated lender by the Texas OCCC. The Companys ability to market and service payday loans in Texas at current fee levels is dependent upon its continued relationship with County Bank or another similarly situated financial institution. Without a relationship with a federally insured bank domiciled in a state that permits these rates, the Company could offer payday loans at a lower fee level, not in excess of the Texas usury ceiling. Operating under lower fee levels in Texas would have a material adverse effect on the Companys payday loan revenues.
In October 2003, the Company began marketing and servicing payday loans for County Bank in Florida through the Companys pawnshops. Florida law does not currently require the Company to obtain a license to engage in its current marketing and servicing responsibilities.
In May 2002, the Company also began marketing payday loans for County Bank through a call center located in Texas. The call center markets and services payday loans in eleven states, but has no physical presence in any of those eleven states. Since the Company is acting on behalf of County Bank, the Company does not believe the marketing and servicing activities of the call center are regulated by state lending regulators.
In Colorado, the Company makes payday loans to customers pursuant to state law and its own underwriting guidelines. Payday loans made by the Company in Colorado are regulated by the Department of Law, Office of the Attorney General, Uniform Consumer Credit Code Division (the UCCC Division). The Companys Colorado pawnshops have and are required to maintain a supervised lenders license issued by the UCCC Division. The UCCC Division maintains regulatory and supervisory authority over the pawnshops payday loan activities. Under Colorado law, the Company is required to maintain certain records related to its payday loans and include specific information and disclosures in the loan agreement.
The Colorado maximum payday loan amount is $500, exclusive of the service fee. Colorado law provides for a graduated service fee of 20% of the first $300 and 7.5% of the amount over $300. The loan term may not exceed 31 days and customers have the right to rescind the loan within one business day after the date the loan was made. By law, the loan cannot be renewed more than once and if it is renewed prior to the maturity date, the Company must refund a prorated portion of the service fee. The Company has elected not to offer renewals in Colorado.
As of November 1, 2003, the Company ceased marketing and servicing payday loans for County Bank in Oklahoma and began making payday loans to customers pursuant to state law and its own underwriting guidelines. Payday loans made by the Company in Oklahoma are regulated by the Oklahoma Department of Consumer Credit (the ODCC). The Companys Oklahoma pawnshops have and are required to maintain a deferred deposit lender license issued by the ODCC. The ODCC maintains regulatory and supervisory authority over the pawnshops payday loan activities. Under Oklahoma law, the Company is required to maintain certain records related to its payday loans and include specific information and disclosures in the loan agreement.
The Oklahoma maximum loan amount is $500 exclusive of the service fee. Oklahoma law provides for a service fee of 15% of the first $300 and 10% of the amount over $300. The loan term may not exceed 45 days, and customers have the right to rescind the loan within one business day after the date the loan was made. The loan cannot be renewed. The Company must deliver specific disclosures to the customer related to debt management, credit counseling services and the customers rights and responsibilities in the payday loan as well as make certain determinations about outstanding or prior payday loans.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The typical Company pawnshop is a freestanding building or part of a retail strip center with contiguous parking. Store interiors are designed to resemble small discount operations and attractively display merchandise by category. Distinctive exterior design and attractive in-store signage provide an appealing atmosphere to customers. The typical pawn store has approximately 1,800 square feet of retail space and approximately 3,200 square feet dedicated to collateral storage. In 2003, the Company began developing Mono-line payday loan stores. A Mono-line store is designed to resemble a bank interior and offers only payday loans. The typical stand-alone Mono-line store is approximately 1,000 square feet and is located in a retail strip center. In some of its pawnshop locations, the Company will create a Mono-line store within a store of approximately 500 square feet, which has a different entrance, different signage and different décor. From the customers perspective, these will be viewed as a separate business. The Company maintains property and general liability insurance for each of its stores. The Companys stores are open six or seven days a week, depending on location.
As of November 21, 2003, the Company owned the real estate and building for one of its stores and leased 283. The Company also owns the real estate and building for one non-operating location. Between Fiscal 2001 and 2003, the Company entered into sale-leaseback transactions with unaffiliated parties for 44 of its store locations for periods ranging from 10 to 20 years. During Fiscal 2001, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction with an unaffiliated party for the real estate and building for its Austin, Texas headquarters for a period of 15 years. The Company generally leases facilities for a term of five to ten years with one or more options to renew. The Companys existing leases expire on dates ranging between October 14, 2003 and April 30, 2023, with a small number of leases on month-to-month terms. All leases provide for specified periodic rental payments at market rates. Most leases require the Company to maintain the property and pay the cost of insurance and taxes. The Company believes that the termination of any one of its leases would not have a material adverse effect on the Companys operations. The Companys strategy generally is to lease rather than acquire space for its stores unless the Company finds what it believes is a superior location at an attractive price.
Below is a summary of changes in the number of store locations during Fiscal 2001, 2002, and 2003. Included in the new stores opened in 2003 are two store within a store Mono-line payday loan stores adjoining existing pawnshop locations:
| Fiscal Year Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||||||||
Store count at beginning of fiscal year |
313 | 283 | 280 | |||||||||
New stores opened |
| | 4 | |||||||||
Stores closed pursuant to restructuring plan |
(24 | ) | | | ||||||||
Stores closed or consolidated |
(1 | ) | (1 | ) | | |||||||
Stores sold as operating businesses |
(5 | ) | (2 | ) | | |||||||
Store count at end of fiscal year |
283 | 280 | 284 | |||||||||
On an ongoing basis, the Company may close or consolidate under performing store locations as it did in Fiscal 2001 and 2002. In Fiscal 2001 and 2002, the Company sold its seven California operating locations to a California based check cashing chain.
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The following table presents the metropolitan areas or regions (as defined by the Company) generally served by the Company and the number of locations serving each market as of September 30, 2003:
| Number of | ||||||
| Stores in | ||||||
| Region/Area | Each Area | |||||
Texas: |
||||||
Houston |
59 | |||||
Valley |
26 | |||||
San Antonio |
21 | |||||
Central and Northeast |
15 | |||||
Laredo Area |
15 | |||||
North Texas |
15 | |||||
Austin Area |
11 | |||||
Dallas |
11 | |||||
Panhandle |
5 | |||||
Corpus Christi |
7 | |||||
Total Texas |
185 | |||||
Colorado: |
||||||
Denver Area |
17 | |||||
Colorado Springs Area |
5 | |||||
Pueblo |
2 | |||||
Total Colorado |
24 | |||||
Oklahoma: |
||||||
Tulsa Area |
10 | |||||
Oklahoma City Area |
8 | |||||
Other Areas |
2 | |||||
Total Oklahoma |
20 | |||||
Florida: |
||||||
Tampa |
9 | |||||
Orlando |
5 | |||||
Other Areas |
4 | |||||
Total Florida |
18 | |||||
Indiana: |
||||||
Indianapolis Area |
9 | |||||
Fort Wayne Area |
3 | |||||
Other Areas |
3 | |||||