SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002
or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-28180
SPECTRALINK CORPORATION
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
84-1141188 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
5755 Central Avenue
Boulder, Colorado 80301
(303) 440-5330
(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)
Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
Common Stock, $.01 par value
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [X] No [ ]
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold as of June 30, 2002: $116,072,686.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuers classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date: 18,580,056 shares of common stock, $.01 par value, were outstanding as of February 28, 2003.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Items 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Part III of this Form 10-K are incorporated by reference from the issuers definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the issuers fiscal year.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this Form 10-K, as well as statements made by SpectraLink in periodic press releases, oral statements made by SpectraLinks officials to analysts and stockholders in the course of presentations about SpectraLink, and conference calls following earnings releases, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Reform Act). Words such as believes, anticipates, expects, intends, could, might, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These projections and forward-looking statements are based on assumptions, which are believed reasonable but are, by their nature, inherently uncertain. In all cases, results could differ materially from those projected. Accordingly, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements since such statements speak only as of the date of the making of such statements some of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ from any of these projections or other forward-looking statements are detailed below, and in other reports filed by SpectraLink under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Certain risks and uncertainties relating to forward-looking statements are set forth below in Item 7A under the caption Forward-Looking Statement Factors. SpectraLink undertakes no obligation to revise any forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this report.
PART I
Item 1. Business.
Overview
SpectraLink Corporation (SpectraLink or the Company) incorporated in Colorado in April 1990, and reincorporated in Delaware in March 1996. Effective December 23, 1999, SpectraLink incorporated SpectraLink International Corporation in Delaware as a wholly owned subsidiary of SpectraLink. SpectraLink designs, manufactures and sells workplace wireless telephone systems which complement existing telephone systems by providing mobile communications in a building or campus environment. SpectraLink Wireless Telephone Systems increase the efficiency of employees by enabling them to remain in telephone contact while moving throughout the workplace. The Wireless Telephone System uses a micro-cellular design and interfaces directly with a telephone system, such as a PBX, Centrex, or key/hybrid system. The system enables users to move throughout a facility and make and receive calls on SpectraLink Wireless Telephones. Because all calls are routed through the corporate phone system, there are no airtime charges incurred.
SpectraLinks product portfolio consists of two product categories differentiated by the wireless technology implemented: The Link Wireless Telephone System (Link WTS) and NetLink Wireless Telephones. Link WTS uses a proprietary radio infrastructure in the 902-928 MHz radio band, and targets organizations that only require a wireless voice solution for their on-premises mobile workforce. The NetLink products operate over IEEE 802.11-compliant wireless local area networks (LANs) in the 2400-2483 MHz frequency band using Internet Protocol (IP) technology. NetLink products target organizations that want both a wireless voice and wireless data solution on a single network.
Market Background
A growing number of business environments require some employees to have a high degree of mobility yet remain readily accessible by telephone to customers or co-workers. Retailers seek competitive advantage by quickly responding to customers requests for information and service from employees dispersed throughout the store. Healthcare workers in clinical settings benefit from real-time communications with mobile healthcare professionals to deliver quality healthcare efficiently. Manufacturers and distributors seek more efficient operations by enabling workers in the factory or distribution center to solve problems or answer questions more rapidly. Service organizations seek shorter customer hold or response time by allowing immediate communications with the person who can solve a problem or answer a question. Management information systems, maintenance and other corporate office support personnel are more productive if they remain mobile in the workplace without losing communications contact with other office workers who need their services. Teachers and school administrators provide students a safer and more effective learning environment with telephone access throughout the campus.
Traditionally, businesses have attempted to maintain communications with mobile, on-premises employees by using overhead paging systems and electronic pagers. These indirect types of communication create delays because access to a wired phone is still needed. Delays are exacerbated in high mobility environments, such as hospitals, manufacturing facilities and distribution centers, where both parties may be mobile and repeated pages are required. Additionally, overhead paging is often difficult to understand and may create disruptive and stressful ambient noise.
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Alternatives to paging include the use of two-way radios, cordless phones and traditional cellular phones, all of which have various shortcomings. Two-way radios do not provide an adequate link to the wireline telephone system. Cordless phones are typically single-cell systems and have a limited calling range. Only a limited number of cordless phones can be deployed in a given area without interfering with each other. Traditional cellular phones often provide inconsistent indoor reception, and unless specifically designed for on-premises use, cannot be directly interfaced with a companys PBX system. Therefore, traditional cellular phones cannot offer the wireless telephone systems functionality. In addition, monthly usage fees and airtime charges make cellular phones prohibitively expensive in many applications.
Products dedicated to unlicensed, on-premises voice applications first appeared in the 1990s in the 902-928 MHz band in North America. These adjunct products attach directly to business telephone systems and provide wireless phone extensions for use on the premises. Because these systems are unlicensed, they can be installed or relocated without prior approval from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The 902-928 MHz band in North America is set aside for unlicensed products which employ either narrow-band or spread spectrum technology. Because narrow-band technology systems in the 902-928 MHz band must operate at lower power levels than spread spectrum systems, they generally have inferior range and are more susceptible to interference. Multi-cellular wireless business phone systems that provide hand-off and systems that restrict wireless phones to a single base station are available in the 902-928 MHz band. In 1994, the FCC allocated additional spectrum in the 1920-1930 MHz band for unlicensed on-premises wireless voice applications. The products that use this spectrum are commonly referred to as unlicensed personal communications systems (U-PCS).
Similar products using the Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) standard are available throughout Europe and in certain countries in other regions. DECT systems operate in the 1880-1900 MHz band, which is allocated to licensed public PCS providers in North America; therefore, DECT systems cannot be sold in North America without modifications to operate in one of the available unlicensed bands. DECT technology is used for both multi-cell business systems and single-cell residential cordless telephones, which makes for a much larger market with higher production volumes and lower end-user cost.
In 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) approved its 802.11 standard for wireless local area network operating in the 2400-2483 MHz band. The 802.11 standard specifies the radio interface between a wireless client and a base station or access point, as well as among wireless handsets (commonly referred to as a client). The standard allows devices to share a single wireless LAN infrastructure, including both voice and data devices, thus enabling organizations to provide mobile employees access to both data and voice applications over a single network.
SpectraLink Products
The Link Wireless Telephone System (Link WTS) operates in the 902-928 MHz band and uses a micro-cellular design consisting of three components: a Master Control Unit (MCU), Base Stations and Wireless Telephones. The MCU is installed near the PBX or key/hybrid system, or at the Centrex demarcation location. It can either interface directly with the analog ports of the host telephone switching system, or it can connect via a digital interface to certain PBX and key/hybrid systems.
The MCU also connects to small radio transceivers called Base Stations via twisted-pair telephone wiring. The Base Stations provide the link to a six-ounce wireless telephone with an alphanumeric display. The Wireless Telephone provides up to four hours of talk time or up to eighty hours of standby time between battery recharges.
Each Base Station supports multiple users and covers a transmission area in excess of 50,000 square feet depending on transmission obstructions present in the building. A call is handed off from one Base Station to another as a user moves throughout the coverage area. High-density Base Stations are available to support applications that require a large number of users within an area such as trading floors, support centers, and emergency response centers. SpectraLink designed the Link WTS to provide seamless coverage, enabling real-time hand-off of an active telephone call as the user moves about.
NetLink Wireless Telephones operate in the 2400-2483 MHz band and are compatible with the IEEE 802.11 standard for use on an 802.11-compliant wireless LAN. Customers can use a single network for both wireless voice and data applications by adding the NetLink Wireless Telephones to an existing 802.11-compliant network provided by a wireless LAN vendor. The NetLink product line consists of three components: Wireless Telephones, a NetLink SVP Server, and NetLink Telephony Gateways.
The NetLink Wireless Telephones share the same physical design as the Link Wireless Telephones but utilize wireless LAN client and voice over IP (VoIP) technologies. NetLink Wireless Telephones support either frequency hopping or direct sequence implementations of the 802.11 standard. The direct sequence version is compatible with the 802.11b (Wi-Fi) standard. NetLink Wireless Telephones will support the H.323 VoIP standard and proprietary VoIP protocols from Avaya and Cisco Systems. Support for additional proprietary VoIP protocols will be under development in the future, allowing
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NetLink Wireless Telephones to operate with IP telephony platforms from additional manufacturers.
For applications that do not use a VoIP based PBX and instead use traditional PBX or Centrex technologies, NetLink Telephony Gateways are installed near the PBX or key/hybrid system, or at the Centrex demarcation location. NetLink Telephony Gateways convert a circuit-switched telephone station interface to IP packets on a standard Ethernet interface, allowing calls to connect with NetLink Wireless Telephones over wireless 802.11 networks. NetLink Telephony Gateways can either interface directly with the analog ports of the host telephone switching system, or can connect via digital interfaces to certain PBX and key/hybrid systems.
The NetLink SVP Server is a dedicated network appliance used in conjunction with SpectraLink Voice Priority (SVP) in the wireless LAN access points. SVP is a voice prioritization mechanism developed by SpectraLink that improves voice quality on wireless LANs by reducing packet-queuing delays. A number of wireless LAN access point providers have implemented SVP technology, including: Alvarion Ltd., Avaya Inc. (formerly a division of Lucent Technologies), Cisco Systems, Enterasys Networks, Intermec Technologies, Proxim Inc., and Symbol Technologies. SpectraLink anticipates that a standard wireless LAN prioritization scheme may be ratified by the 802.11 standards committee in 2003. The 802.11 Task Group E, in which SpectraLink participates, is working on quality of service (QoS) enhancements to the existing standard which will allow NetLink Wireless Telephones to operate without the NetLink SVP Server and SVP implemented in the access points.
Technology
SpectraLink devotes significant planning and resources to development and use of advanced technology. This focus on technology is necessary to meet the requirements for delivery of portability, indoor radio and system performance, high reliability, low cost and manufacturability. All of SpectraLinks key technologies are incorporated into its Link WTS and/or NetLink products, including:
Spread Spectrum Technology. Spread spectrum is a radio frequency transmission technique in which the transmitted information is spread over a relatively wide bandwidth. The use of spread spectrum technology makes radio signals more immune to interference, reduces the possibility of interference with others, provides privacy against eavesdropping, and improves the quality of voice transmission. While there are many advantages to the spread spectrum technique, it is more complex to implement than the more commonly used narrow-band modulation techniques. The Link Wireless Telephone System uses a form of spread spectrum transmission called frequency hopping, a technique that combines an information signal with a radio carrier whose frequency assignment changes rapidly in a pseudo-random manner at the transmitter. The signal resulting from frequency hopping is decoded at the receiving end using the same pseudo-random frequency pattern. The NetLink Wireless Telephones use either frequency hopping or direct sequence spread spectrum technology. Direct sequence spread spectrum uses a technique whereby a signal is spread over the available band by mixing the signal data with a much higher data-rate pseudo-random data stream. As with frequency hopping spread spectrum, the resulting signal is decoded at the receiving end. The spread spectrum technologies implemented in the NetLink Wireless Telephones conform with the IEEE 802.11 (frequency hopping) and 802.11b (direct sequence) global standards.
Radio Technology. SpectraLink has designed radio transceivers and digital circuits to implement the complex spread spectrum technique at an economical cost and in a small form factor. SpectraLinks radio transceiver and digital circuit architectures also minimize power consumption and enhance manufacturability and reliability.
ASIC Design. SpectraLinks expertise in digital application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology allows its systems to be miniaturized, power-efficient and cost effective. SpectraLinks Wireless Telephone, Base Station, MCU, and Telephony Gateway designs use ASICs. SpectraLink expects to develop additional ASICs and to incorporate these devices into future systems.
Wireless Access Protocols. Combining spread spectrum with a micro-cellular design presents unique challenges compared to single-link spread spectrum implementations, such as advanced home wireless telephones or traditional cellular telephones. To address this, SpectraLink applied its software design expertise to develop robust networking that allows multiple users to have simultaneous telephone access in a spread spectrum radio environment without interfering with each other. SpectraLink implemented a sophisticated set of software resources, including micro-coded software, digital signal processing software, network architecture software, telephone switching software and user application software to address many of the unique challenges of the in-building wireless environment. The challenges include interference, multi-path degradation, signal absorption, near/far receiver desensitizing, security, busy-hour capacity demands, and shared operation with other radio systems.
Call Hand-off. Critical to the acceptance of on-premises wireless systems by users accustomed to high-quality telephone performance is a hand-off from cell to cell with virtually no disruptive effect on the call in progress. SpectraLink developed
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proprietary software to address the frequent and unpredictable nature of on-premises inter-cell hand-offs due to interference, multi-path degradation and interior obstructions. Software in the Wireless Telephones automatically selects the best cell among available Base Stations. The unique digital implementation of the Link Wireless Telephone results in a seamless hand-off.
Digital Integration. When a SpectraLink system connects to the phone system using analog ports, the Wireless Telephone will provide many calling features of a desk phone, including transfer, conference calling and hold. When the system digitally interfaces to the phone system, the Wireless Telephone will also support the advanced features of the host phone system such as calling party identification or calling party name display. Currently, SpectraLink supports digital interfaces to the following manufacturers telephone systems: Avaya, Comdial Corporation, Fujitsu Business Communication Systems, Inc., Inter-Tel, Inc., Mitel Corporation, NEC America, Inc., Nortel Networks Corporation, Siemens AG and Toshiba America Information Systems, Inc.
Application Interface. The SpectraLink Open Application Interface (OAI) enables SpectraLink Wireless Telephones to be used in conjunction with text messaging applications. The OAI allows third-party applications to write to the Wireless Telephones alphanumeric display, set up calls, and receive user input from the keypad. SpectraLink developed applications for interfacing with email, in-house paging systems, nurse-call systems, and industrial alarm and control systems.
Sales, Marketing and Customer Support
Sales and Marketing
SpectraLink sells and supports its systems through direct, distributor and dealer sales forces. This strategy is intended to reduce SpectraLinks dependence on a single sales channel and to permit broad marketing of SpectraLink systems.
Sales. As of February 28, 2003, SpectraLink had 115 employees in its sales organization. SpectraLinks indirect sales sells a majority of its products and services through resellers, distributors and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). SpectraLinks direct sales sell its products and services to end-user customers. SpectraLink has North American sales offices in the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Nashville, New York, Philadelphia, Portland, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, St. Louis, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and international offices in Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom.
Distributors. SpectraLink distributes its product lines through a number of telecommunications distributors in the United States and Canada. The distributors include Alltel Communications, Inc., Alphanet Solutions, Inc., Anixter, Inc., Avaya, Inc., BellSouth Communication Systems, Dukane Corporation, Expanets, Inc., Executone Information Systems, Inc., Indyme, Inc., Inter-Tel Integrated Systems, LXE, Mitel Telecommunications Systems, Inc., Norstan, Inc., Panasonic Telecommunications Systems Company, Perot Systems, Corporation, Scan Source, Inc., dba Catalyst Telecom, SBC Communications, Inc., Siemens Information and Communications Networks, Inc., Sprint/United Management Company, Syntegra, Tel-e Connect Systems (TCS), Tessco Technologies, Inc., WAV Inc., Westcom Group, Inc., and Verizon Communications. Each of these companies has a non-exclusive distribution relationship with SpectraLink. SpectraLink does not restrict its distributors from selling in the same geographical areas.
The NetLink products are also sold through international distributors, currently including Anixter Europe Holdings BV, ACAL Nederland bv, Compushack, Comstor UK Limited, Dimension Data, GE Capital IT Solutions, S.L., Itegra AS, Plannet 21, Qkon, OliverCom LLC, and Telindus.
Dealers. SpectraLink established a dealer network primarily comprised of local phone interconnect companies and two-way radio dealers. SpectraLink dealers have a non-exclusive dealer relationship with SpectraLink. As of February 28, 2003, SpectraLinks dealer network was comprised of approximately 220 dealers in approximately 325 locations.
Other Partners. SpectraLink developed an 802.11-compatible voice prioritization mechanism for the NetLink Wireless Telephones that can be implemented in 802.11 access points to improve voice quality by reducing packet-queuing delays. A number of wireless local area network vendors agreed to implement SpectraLink Voice Priority (SVP) technology, including: Agere Systems, Alvarion Ltd., Avaya, Cisco Systems, Enterasys Networks, Intermec Technologies Corp., Proxim Inc., and Symbol Technologies.
Prior to 2000, SpectraLink sold its Link WTS and NetLink products primarily in the United States, Canada and Mexico. In 2000, SpectraLink began selling its NetLink products in Europe. In 2001, SpectraLink also sold NetLink products in Asia-Pacific. In the future, SpectraLink may consider selling it in other areas of the world that permit 802.11 networks in the 2400-2483 MHz band.
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Customer Support and Warranty Coverage
SpectraLink established a customer support department dedicated to planning, installing and maintaining SpectraLink systems. Customer support personnel are located in Boulder, Colorado; Atlanta, Georgia; Burlington, Vermont; Charlotte, North Carolina; Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles, California; London, England; and Paris, France. Customer support involvement occurs with customers during early customer contact, the system configuration and installation phases, and the on-going warranty period.
SpectraLink warrants that all products are free of defects upon delivery. SpectraLink provides standard warranty coverage at no cost for a limited period of time. After the warranty period, the customer support department provides various levels of support, based on the maintenance level selected by the customer.
Customer Dependence, Geographical and Segment Information
While SpectraLink has a diverse customer base, it considers its operations to be conducted in one operating segment. SpectraLink derives its revenue principally from the sale, installation, and service of wireless on-premises telephone systems. The following table summarizes the sales to different customer types as a percentage of total net sales:
| Years Ended | ||||||||||||
| December 31, | ||||||||||||
| Customer Type | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | |||||||||
Indirect Sales |
49 | % | 53 | % | 50 | % | ||||||
Direct Sales |
31 | % | 30 | % | 35 | % | ||||||
Service Sales |
20 | % | 17 | % | 15 | % | ||||||
Total Net Sales |
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||
SpectraLinks sales to major customers, which individually comprised more than 10% of total net sales for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, are summarized in Note 7 in SpectraLinks accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
SpectraLink had revenue from international operations of approximately 1% for the years ending December 31, 2002 and 2001 and, less than 1% for the year ending December 31, 2000.
Backlog
SpectraLink generally ships its systems promptly upon the receipt of an order. SpectraLinks backlog of orders is generally less than 30 days at any given time. Some of SpectraLinks distributors and larger customers place orders for systems in advance of the scheduled delivery date; however, these orders are subject to rescheduling or cancellation. As a result, SpectraLink currently does not consider backlog to be a meaningful indicator of future sales.
Competition
The on-premises wireless telephone system industry is competitive and influenced by the introduction of new products. The competitive factors affecting the market for SpectraLinks systems include product functionality and features, frequency band of operation, ease-of-use, quality of support, product quality and performance, price, and the effectiveness of marketing and sales efforts. Most of SpectraLinks competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, research and development, and marketing resources than SpectraLink. As a result, SpectraLinks competitors may respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, or may devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products than SpectraLink. In addition, some purchasers may prefer to buy their wireless telephone systems from a single source provider of telephone systems. Other purchasers may prefer to buy their 802.11 wireless telephone systems from a single source provider of wireless LANs, such as Symbol Technologies, which provides 802.11 wireless application devices, such as bar code scanners, as well as wireless telephones. Because SpectraLink focuses on wireless on-premises telephone communications, it cannot serve as the sole source for a complete telephone or data communications system. There is no assurance that SpectraLink will be able to compete successfully in the future.
SpectraLinks product competition falls into four general categories: multi-user cordless telephone products, unlicensed multi-cell systems, cellular-based systems, and wireless LAN-based systems. Single-user cordless telephones are not
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considered competing products because of their low user capacity, limited range, and consumer-grade handset design. SpectraLink also does not regard public cellular or PCS services as competitors because of their lack of integration with enterprise telephone systems, inadequate indoor coverage, and usage-based cost structure.
| | Multi-user cordless telephone systems allow multiple handsets to operate in the same area without interference on shared or unique base stations. Some of these systems offer limited hand-off capability to a secondary base station for additional coverage. Available products include the Avaya TransTalk, Siemens Gigaset, and Mobicel Systems DCTS-900. | ||
| | Unlicensed multi-cell systems are products that offer similar capacity and functionality to SpectraLinks Link WTS. They operate on unlicensed radio spectrum with no airtime charges or licensing requirements. Some of these products are integrated into the host PBX system, allowing the wireless system to share some of the PBX common equipment and administration. Unlicensed multi-cell systems are available in North America from Alcatel, Ascom, NEC America, and Tadiran (formerly ECI Telecom). Similar systems using Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication technology are sold throughout Europe and in several Asian countries. DECT technology is used for both multi-cell business systems and single-cell residential cordless products. DECT systems are available from Alcatel, Ascom, Avaya, Ericsson, Kirk Telecom, Nortel Networks, Philips, Siemens, and several other manufacturers. | ||
| | Cellular-based systems operate on licensed cellular or PCS frequencies, allowing handsets to be used on both the in-building wireless system and the public cellular or PCS network. These systems utilize a network of active or passive antennas installed throughout a building to provide radio coverage for cellular telephone users. Integration with the enterprise telephone system is addressed by forwarding calls to the cellular network through the telephone system or through an adjunct device. | ||
| | Wireless LAN-based telephone systems use voice over IP technology to carry packetized voice information over a standards-based wireless LAN. SpectraLink and Symbol Technologies are the only providers of wireless LAN-based telephone products. |
SpectraLink also considers the existing technologies of overhead and electronic paging, two-way radios and cordless telephones to be competitive with SpectraLinks products. To the extent such a system is already in use, a potential customer may not be willing or able to make the investment necessary to replace such a system with a SpectraLink Wireless Telephone System. In addition, there may be potential customers who choose one of these other technologies because of cost or their belief that their needs do not require the full functionality provided by a SpectraLink Wireless Telephone System.
Proprietary Rights
SpectraLinks future success depends, in part, upon its proprietary technology. SpectraLink relies on a combination of patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, confidentiality procedures, and nondisclosure and other contractual provisions to protect its proprietary rights. As part of these confidentiality procedures, SpectraLink enters into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with its employees, and limits access to, and distribution of, its proprietary information. SpectraLink has been awarded nine United States patents in the areas of radio frequency and spread spectrum digital communication, and wireless telephony with various expiration dates after 2011. In addition, SpectraLink has one United States patent application pending. There is no assurance that SpectraLinks pending patent application will be allowed or that the issued or pending patents will not be challenged or circumvented by competitors, or that they will provide meaningful protection against competition. SpectraLink may in the future be notified that it is infringing certain patent and/or other intellectual property rights of others. Although there are no such pending lawsuits against SpectraLink or unresolved notices that SpectraLink is infringing intellectual property rights of others, there is no assurance that litigation or infringement claims will not occur in the future.
Manufacturing
SpectraLinks manufacturing operations consist primarily of the fabrication and assembly of components and subassemblies, which are individually tested and integrated into full systems, or shipped as individual items for expansion orders. In order to facilitate initial start-up and manufacturing process improvements, SpectraLink conducts in-house prototype development and has established pilot line capabilities. SpectraLink maintains complete in-house materials procurement, assembly, testing and quality control functions. In August 2001, SpectraLink entered into an agreement with OFFSHORE INTERNATIONAL, INC. (OFFSHORE), as OFFSHORE has an existing contractual relationship with Maquilas Teta Kawi S.A. de C.V., for the furnishing of manufacturing space, labor (primarily for component assembly) and services in Guaymas/Empalme, Sonora, Mexico. SpectraLink utilizes only a minimal number of subcontract manufacturers to assemble its components.
The principal components of SpectraLinks systems are unpopulated printed circuit boards, electronic components, including microprocessors and ASICs, and metal or plastic housings, all of which are purchased from outside vendors. Although alternate suppliers are available for most of the components, qualifying replacement suppliers and receiving components could take several months. Many components are available only from sole source suppliers and embody such
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parties proprietary technologies. There is no assurance that any sole source supplier will continue to provide the required components in sufficient quantities with adequate quality and at acceptable prices. SpectraLink would be adversely affected if a redesign of SpectraLinks subassemblies was necessary to develop alternative suppliers. In certain circumstances, a part will be placed on allocation due to competition for parts commonly used by the telecommunications and computer industries. Consequently, SpectraLink could see a material adverse effect on its operations if demand for product considerably exceeds what is anticipated by SpectraLink. SpectraLink maintains, or requires suppliers to maintain, inventory to allow it to fill customer orders without significant interruption during the period that SpectraLink believes would be required to obtain alternate supplies of many replacement components. However, there is no assurance that SpectraLink will have sufficient inventory supply to meet every possible contingency. Any shortage or discontinuation of, or manufacturing defect in, these components would have a material adverse effect on SpectraLinks operations.
In May 1997, SpectraLink moved its manufacturing operation to its new corporate headquarters, a 37,000 square foot leased facility in Boulder, Colorado. SpectraLink leased two additional facilities, an 11,684 square foot facility in March 2001 and a 7,483 square foot facility in September 2001, in Boulder, Colorado. SpectraLink also leased 4,609 square feet in August 2001, in Guaymas/Empalme, Sonora, Mexico. Since SpectraLink relies on these manufacturing facilities, a major catastrophe affecting any of these locations could result in a prolonged interruption of SpectraLinks business, with adverse impact on SpectraLink.
Research and Product Development
The wireless telecommunications industry is subject to rapid technological changes, frequent new product introductions and enhancements, product obsolescence and changes in end-user requirements. SpectraLink believes its future success and ability to compete in the on-premises wireless telephone market are largely dependent upon its ability to augment current product lines and develop, introduce and sell new features and products while maintaining technological competitiveness through the advancement of its core technologies.
As of February 28, 2003, SpectraLink employed 51 people in support of its research and development activities. SpectraLink invested in research and development approximately $6,501,000, $5,510,000 and $4,565,000 in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. SpectraLink expects that research and development expenses will be approximately 10% to 11% of net sales for fiscal 2003. The inability of SpectraLink to introduce in a timely manner new products or enhancements to existing products that contribute to sales could have a material adverse effect on SpectraLinks business and financial condition.
Product Warranties and Service
SpectraLink provides warranties against defects in materials and workmanship for periods for our products ranging from 90 days to 15 months, but in limited cases up to 18 months. At the time the product is shipped, SpectraLink establishes a provision for estimated expenses of providing service under these warranties based on historical warranty experience. As of December 31, 2002 and 2001, accrued warranty expenses were $274,000 and $278,000, respectively. Product failure rates, materials usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure affect SpectraLinks warranty obligation. Revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required should actual product failure rates, material usage or service delivery costs differ from SpectraLinks estimates.
Government Regulation
The wireless communications industry, which is regulated by the FCC, is subject to changing political, economic and regulatory influences. Regulatory changes, including changes in the allocation of available frequency spectrum, could significantly impact SpectraLinks operations.
The 902-928 MHz Band. In 1985, the FCC permitted the use of spread spectrum technology under its Part 15 Rules in the 902-928 MHz band. Part 15 Rules refer to the section of the FCC regulations that permit the use of radio-based systems without requiring the user to obtain an operating license from the FCC. For this reason, Part 15 Rules permit devices to be deployed expediently without the inherent delays associated with the traditional radio equipment licensing procedure. A significant industry developed around the Part 15 Rules for commercial products. The FCC has certified all of SpectraLinks Link Wireless Telephone Systems for unlicensed operation under Part 15 Rules in this band.
In the federal regulatory framework, Part 15 spread spectrum systems accorded secondary status in the 902-928 MHz band, which means that their operators must accept interference received, and correct any interference caused to other systems, even if it requires the operator to cease operating in the band. The FCC, in Docket 93-61, modified this status somewhat, establishing a presumption of non-interference in favor of Part 15 devices that meet specific requirements. SpectraLink believes its Link Wireless Telephone System satisfies these requirements. In addition, the Part 15 Rules provide SpectraLink with additional flexibility to resolve interference under certain circumstances.
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The 1920-1930 MHz Band. In 1994, the FCC designated a 10 MHz segment from 1920-1930 MHz for isochronous wireless systems such as voice communications. Wireless telephone equipment operating in this range falls under Subpart D of the Part 15 Rules. SpectraLink does not offer a product that uses this band, although several competing products operate in the band.
The 2400-2483 MHz Band. The FCC permits the use of spread spectrum technology under the Part 15 Rules in the 2400-2483 MHz band. The FCC has certified SpectraLinks NetLink Wireless Telephones for unlicensed operation under Part 15 Rules in this band.
In 1997, the IEEE approved an 802.11 specification for a wireless LAN standard operating in the 2400-2483 MHz band. The 802.11 standard specified an over the air interface between a wireless client and a base station or access point, as well as among wireless clients. The standard provides interoperability among devices sharing a single wireless LAN infrastructure, including both voice and data devices, thus enabling organizations to provide mobile employees access to both data and voice applications over a single network. Subsequently, a significant industry developed around wireless local area networks in this band. The 802.11 specification is a global standard. Each country that supports the standard also has specific certification processes that must be undergone before a product can operate in that country. SpectraLink is involved in a number of international certification processes.
Employees
As of February 28, 2003, SpectraLink employed 302 persons, 293 of whom were full-time employees.
Available Information
SpectraLink makes available free of charge on or through its Internet address located at www.spectralink.com its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 (a) or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after SpectraLink electronically files that material with, or furnishes it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Item 2. Description of Property.
SpectraLinks corporate headquarters and manufacturing, research, and development activities are located in Boulder, Colorado, in one 37,000 square foot leased building at 5755 Central Avenue, 11,684 square feet of manufacturing and office space at 5744 Central Avenue and 7,483 square feet of office space at 5766 Central Avenue. In addition, SpectraLink leases 4,609 square feet of manufacturing space primarily for component assembly in Guaymas/Empalme, Sonora, Mexico. The length of these leases is as follows: (i) the lease for the 5755 Central Avenue facility runs through June 2005, (ii) the lease for 5744 Central Avenue, as amended, runs through June 2005, (iii) the lease for 5766 Central Avenue runs through December 2006, and (iv) the lease for Guaymas/Empalme, Sonora, Mexico runs through August 2003. SpectraLink enters into short-term leases for its domestic and international sales offices. SpectraLink believes that the combination of its existing facilities together with the availability of additional space for lease in Boulder and other real estate markets will be adequate to meet its current and foreseeable facilities needs.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
On January 14, 2002, SpectraLink issued a press release announcing preliminary financial results for the fourth quarter of 2001 and revising downward its estimates for year 2002 results of operations. Shortly after the press release, the Companys stock price declined and the Company and certain of its officers and directors were named as defendants in four lawsuits served between February 20, 2002 and March 20, 2002, three of which were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado and one of which was filed in the Colorado District Court for the City and County of Denver. In each of the lawsuits, plaintiffs, who purport to be purchasers or holders of SpectraLink common stock, seek to assert claims either on behalf of a class of persons who purchased securities in SpectraLink between July 19, 2001 and January 11, 2002, or in the case of two of the lawsuits (one filed in the United States District Court and one in the Colorado District Court), derivatively on behalf of SpectraLink. Two of the lawsuits filed in the United States District contained essentially identical claims alleging that SpectraLink and certain of its officers and directors violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) and Rule 10b-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as a result of alleged public misstatements and omissions, accompanied by insider stock sales made prior to the decline in the price of SpectraLinks stock after the January 14, 2002 press release. In the cases brought as derivative actions, the plaintiffs allege that the officers and directors of SpectraLink violated fiduciary duties owed to SpectraLink and its stockholders under state laws by allowing and/or facilitating the issuance of these same alleged public misstatements and omissions, misappropriating nonpublic information for their own
8
benefit, making insider stock sales, wasting corporate assets, abusing their positions of control, and mismanaging the corporation. The plaintiffs in these derivative cases allege that SpectraLink has and will continue to suffer injury as a result of these alleged violations of duty for which the officers and directors should be liable.
The cases are designated as follows: Wilmer Kerns, Individually And On Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff, vs. SpectraLink Corporation, Bruce Holland and Nancy K. Hamilton, Defendants (United States District Court Civil Action Number 02-D-0263); Danilo Martin Molieri, Individually and On Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff, v. SpectraLink Corporation, Bruce Holland and Nancy K. Hamilton, Defendants (United States District Court Civil Action Number 02-D-0315); Evie Elennis, derivatively on behalf of SpectraLink Corporation, Plaintiff(s), v. Bruce M. Holland, Anthony V. Carollo, Jr., Gary L. Bliss, Michael P. Cronin, Nancy K. Hamilton and John H. Elms, Defendant(s), and SpectraLink Corporation, Nominal Defendant (United States District Court Civil Action Number 02-D-0345); and Roger Humphreys, Derivatively on Behalf of Nominal Defendant SpectraLink Corporation, Plaintiff, v. Carl D. Carman, Anthony V. Carollo, Jr., Bruce M. Holland, Burton J. McMurtry, Gary L. Bliss, Michael P. Cronin, John H. Elms, and Nancy K. Hamilton, Defendants (Colorado District Court Case. No. 02CV1687).
The Kerns and Molieri purported class actions were consolidated, and the plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Amended Complaint. In January of 2003, the Court denied a motion to dismiss that amended pleading, and discovery has recently commenced. The two derivative actions were stayed pending resolution of the motion to dismiss in the consolidated class action, and plaintiffs counsel in the Elennis derivative action recently filed an unopposed motion for relief from the stay. Prior to the entry of the stays in each of the derivative cases, the defendants had filed motions to dismiss, which motions are still pending.
SpectraLink believes that the lawsuits are without merit and it intends to vigorously defend itself and its officers and directors. SpectraLink does not believe that its interests and that of the named officers and directors are adverse to each other as of this time. However, no assurance can be given that SpectraLink will be successful in defending the claims being asserted in these suits, or that the interests of the various parties will remain aligned. If SpectraLink is not successful in its defense of these suits, it could be required to make significant payments to its stockholders and their lawyers, which could have a material adverse effect on SpectraLinks business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the litigation could result in substantial costs, divert managements attention and resources, or ultimately result in the interests of SpectraLink becoming adverse to those of certain of its officers and directors. In either case, SpectraLinks business could be adversely affected, even if the plaintiffs are not successful in their claims against SpectraLink and/or its officers and directors.
The Company has incurred a loss related to the directors and officers insurance deductible of which the majority of the expense was reflected in 2002. Based on current facts and circumstances, the Company is unable to estimate future losses, if any, it may incur after considering the amounts that will be covered by insurance.
SpectraLink is not presently a party to any other material pending legal proceedings of which it is aware.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
No matters were submitted to a vote of SpectraLinks stockholders during the fourth quarter of 2002.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
SpectraLinks common stock is traded on the Nasdaq stock market under the symbol SLNK. The following table sets forth for the quarterly periods indicated, the high and low bid prices for SpectraLinks common stock as reported by Nasdaq. These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission, and may not represent actual transactions.
| 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 17.10 | $ | 8.45 | $ | 16.063 | $ | 7.156 | $ | 32.250 | $ | 7.375 | ||||||||||||
Second Quarter |
11.60 | 9.85 | 13.500 | 7.400 | 24.188 | 11.250 | ||||||||||||||||||
Third Quarter |
10.81 | 5.10 | 21.490 | 10.500 | 17.188 | 8.250 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter |
9.02 | 4.45 | 18.750 | 10.770 | 15.500 | 6.188 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Dividend Policy
SpectraLink has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its common stock. SpectraLink currently anticipates that it will retain all future earnings for the expansion and operation of its business, and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
| (In thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||
| Number of securities | ||||||||||||
| remaining available | ||||||||||||
| for future issuance | ||||||||||||
| Number of securities | under equity | |||||||||||
| to be issued upon | Weighted-average | compensation plans | ||||||||||
| exercise of | exercise price of | (excluding securities | ||||||||||
| outstanding options | outstanding options | reflected in column (a)) | ||||||||||
| Plan Category | (a) | (b) | (c) | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,323 | $ | 9.07 | 2,348 | ||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | | | | |||||||||
Total |
2,323 | $ | 9.07 | 2,348 | ||||||||
Stock Option Plan
On May 24, 2000, the Companys stockholders approved the 2000 Stock Option Plan (the 2000 Option Plan), which is a successor to the Companys original option plan that became effective June 7, 1990. Collectively, these two option plans are referred to as the (Plans). The 2000 Option Plan provides selected employees, officers, directors, agents, consultants and independent contractors of the Company options to purchase up to 2,000,000 shares of the Companys common stock. The 2000 Option Plan also provides for automatic annual increases in the number of shares available for the 2000 Option Plan by an amount equal to five percent of the total number of shares of the Companys common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or such lesser number of shares ratified by the Companys Board of Directors, not to exceed 1,300,000 shares. In 2002 and 2001, the Board of Directors increased the number of shares available for the 2000 Option Plan by 950,000 and 900,000 shares, respectively.
On February 28, 2003, SpectraLink had approximately 141 shareholders of record.
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The selected, consolidated financial information presented below for each of the five years in the period ended December 31, 2002 is derived from our consolidated financial statements. This information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations contained in this report. Historical results may not be indicative of future results.
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
(In thousands, except
per share amounts)
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | ||||||||||||||||||
NET SALES |
$ | 60,901 | $ | 60,751 | $ | 54,083 | $ | 41,169 | $ | 35,135 | ||||||||||||
COST OF SALES |
21,035 | 20,517 | 18,935 | 14,877 | 14,475 | |||||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
39,866 | 40,234 | 35,148 | 26,292 | 20,660 | |||||||||||||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
6,501 | 5,510 | 4,565 | 4,110 | 3,799 | |||||||||||||||||
Marketing and selling |
21,440 | 21,504 | 19,299 | 15,060 | 13,951 | |||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
3,742 | 3,378 | 3,014 | 2,424 | 2,188 | |||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
31,683 | 30,392 | 26,878 | 21,594 | 19,938 | |||||||||||||||||
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS |
8,183 | 9,842 | 8,270 | 4,698 | 722 | |||||||||||||||||
INVESTMENT INCOME AND OTHER, net |
551 | 1,360 | 1,877 | 1,471 | 1,486 | |||||||||||||||||
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |
8,734 | 11,202 | 10,147 | 6,169 | 2,208 | |||||||||||||||||
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT) |
3,319 | 4,201 | 3,613 | (1,765 | ) | 133 | ||||||||||||||||
NET INCOME |
$ | 5,415 | $ | 7,001 | $ | 6,534 | $ | 7,934 | $ | 2,075 | ||||||||||||
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE |
$ | 0.29 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.11 | ||||||||||||
BASIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES
OUTSTANDING |
18,960 | 19,010 | 19,190 | 18,840 | 19,230 | |||||||||||||||||
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE |
$ | 0.28 | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.11 | ||||||||||||
DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES
OUTSTANDING |
19,240 | 19,990 | 20,340 | 19,500 | 19,600 | |||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
(In thousands)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and Cash
Equivalents |
$ | 44,211 | $ | 37,242 | $ | 20,793 | $ | 9,604 | $ | 9,019 | ||||||||||
Investments in
Marketable
Securities |
| 1,004 | 10,976 | 18,887 | 15,896 | |||||||||||||||
Working Capital |
53,958 | 55,297 | 49,339 | 34,933 | 33,794 | |||||||||||||||
Total Assets |
67,591 | 66,438 | 60,070 | 52,695 | 43,716 | |||||||||||||||
Long-Term Debt |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
Total Stockholders
Equity |
56,690 | 57,718 | 51,494 | 46,319 | 38,498 | |||||||||||||||
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Quarterly Financial Data:
(In thousands, except
per share amounts)