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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
þ ANNUAL REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
o TRANSITION REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004
Commission File Number 1-14331
Interstate Hotels & Resorts, Inc.
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Delaware |
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52-2101815 |
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(State of Incorporation) |
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(IRS Employer Identification No.) |
4501 North Fairfax Drive
Arlington, VA 22203
703-387-3100
www.ihrco.com
This Form 10-K can be accessed at no charge through above
web site.
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year,
if Changed Since Last Report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
Common Stock par value $0.01 per share and purchase rights
for Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par
value $0.01 per
share New
York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period for which
the registrant was required to file such reports), and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the
past
90 days. þ
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to the
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange
Act of
1934). þ
The aggregate market value of common stock held by
non-affiliates of the registrant was $97,054,852, (based on the
closing sale price of $5.39 on June 30, 2004 as reported by the
New York Stock Exchange). For this computation, the registrant
has excluded the market value of all shares of its common stock
reported as beneficially owned by executive officers and
directors of the registrant; such exclusion shall not be deemed
to constitute an admission that such person is an
affiliate of the registrant. The number of shares of
Common Stock outstanding at March 1, 2005 was 30,718,375.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants definitive Proxy Statement
relating to the Registrants 2005 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III. We
expect to file our proxy statement on or about April 15,
2005.
INTERSTATE HOTELS & RESORTS, INC.
FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004
INDEX
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Page |
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PART I |
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Item 1.
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Business |
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2 |
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Item 2.
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Properties |
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27 |
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Item 3.
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Legal Proceedings |
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28 |
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Item 4.
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Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
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28 |
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PART II |
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Item 5.
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Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder
Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
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28 |
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Item 6.
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Selected Financial Data |
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29 |
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Item 7.
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations |
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30 |
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Item 7A.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
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46 |
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Item 8.
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Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
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48 |
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Item 9.
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Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure |
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84 |
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Item 9A.
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Controls and Procedures |
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84 |
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PART IV |
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Item 15.
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Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on
Form 8-K |
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86 |
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Signatures |
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88 |
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1
PART I
THE COMPANY
Overview We are the largest independent U.S.
hotel management company not affiliated with a hotel brand,
measured by number of rooms under management. We have two
operating divisions, hotel management and corporate housing,
both of which are reportable operating segments. Each division
is managed separately because of its distinct products and
services. In our hotel management business, we generate revenues
from fees we receive for managing a portfolio of upscale,
full-service and premium select-service hospitality properties.
As of March 1, 2005, we own two hotel properties and hold
non-controlling equity interests in 10 joint ventures which hold
ownership interests in 26 of our managed properties. We also
generate revenue from providing ancillary services in the hotel,
resort, conference center and golf markets. The ancillary
services we provide include insurance and risk management
services, purchasing and project management services,
information technology and telecommunications services and
centralized accounting services. Through our BridgeStreet
corporate housing division described below, we generate revenues
from the leasing of corporate long-term stay apartments.
As of December 31, 2004, we managed 306 properties, with
68,242 rooms in 41 states, the District of Columbia, Canada,
Russia and Portugal. As of December 31, 2004, we had 2,941
apartments under lease or management in the United States,
France and the United Kingdom through our BridgeStreet corporate
housing division.
Our portfolio of managed properties is diversified by brand,
franchise and ownership. We manage hotels representing more than
30 franchise and brand affiliations and operate
28 independent hotels. We operate hotels for more than 60
different ownership groups, including individual investors,
institutional investors, investment funds, such as Oak Hill
Capital Partners, L.P., CNL Properties, Inc., Cornerstone Real
Estate and W.P. Carey, and public real estate investment trusts
or REITs, such as MeriStar Hospitality Corporation
(MeriStar Hospitality), Equity Inns, Inc., FelCor
Lodging Trust Incorporated (FelCor), Host Marriott
Corporation and Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc.
We were formed on August 3, 1998, as MeriStar Hotels and
Resorts, Inc., (MeriStar) when we were spun off by
CapStar Hotel Company (CapStar) and became the
lessee and manager of all of CapStars hotels. Immediately
after the spin-off, American General Hospitality Corporation
(American General) (a Maryland corporation operating
as a REIT) and CapStar merged to form MeriStar Hospitality. We
then acquired the management and leasing business of the manager
and lessee of American Generals hotels. On May 31,
2000, we completed the acquisition of BridgeStreet
Accommodations, Inc., to create our BridgeStreet corporate
housing division. On January 1, 2001, in connection with
the implementation of new REIT tax laws that permit subsidiaries
of a REIT to lease the real estate it owns, we assigned the
leases on each of the properties we were leasing from MeriStar
Hospitality to taxable subsidiaries of MeriStar Hospitality and
entered into management contracts with those taxable
subsidiaries for each of the hotels owned by MeriStar
Hospitality.
On July 31, 2002, MeriStar merged with Interstate Hotels
Corporation (Old Interstate) to create Interstate
Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (Interstate, or
we). The transaction was a stock-for-stock merger of
Old Interstate into us in which Old Interstate stockholders
received 4.6 shares of common stock for each equivalent
share of Old Interstate stock outstanding. Holders of MeriStar
common stock continued to own the same number of shares in new
Interstate following the merger. Immediately after the merger,
we effected a one-for-five reverse split of our common stock.
The merger was accounted for as a reverse acquisition, with Old
Interstate as the accounting acquirer, and MeriStar as the
surviving company for legal purposes under the new name
Interstate Hotels & Resorts, Inc. Because of the
increase in scale of our management business following the
merger, we began the process of separating our senior management
team from that of MeriStar Hospitality, which was completed on
October 22, 2003, when Steven D. Jorns, then Vice Chairman
and Chief Investment Officer, replaced Paul Whetsell as our
Chief Executive Officer and resigned from the board of directors
of MeriStar Hospitality. Mr. Whetsell remains as our
Chairman and as the Chairman and Chief
2
Executive Officer of MeriStar Hospitality. On February 17,
2005 Mr. Jorns resigned and Thomas F. Hewitt became our
Chief Executive Officer.
Hotel Management The hotels we manage are
primarily located throughout the United States and Canada,
including most major metropolitan areas and rapidly growing
secondary cities. We also currently manage three hotels in
Moscow, Russia, and one in Praia DEl Rey, Portugal. Our
managed hotels include hotels operated under more than
30 nationally recognized brand names including Marriott,
Hilton, Sheraton, Westin, Radisson, Doubletree, Embassy Suites,
and Holiday Inn.
We manage properties primarily within the upscale, full-service
and premium select-service sectors, and provide related
management services for owners of both sectors as well. We
believe the combination of these two sectors provides us with a
balanced mix of managed assets. The two sectors attract a wide
variety of potential customers, including both business
executives and upscale leisure travelers. Managing in these two
sectors allows us to provide systems and services to owners on a
broad scale, capitalizing on the extensive experience of our
corporate operations, sales and support personnel.
Corporate Housing Through our corporate
housing division we provide high quality, fully furnished
accommodations under our BridgeStreet brand. We lease
substantially all of our corporate housing accommodations
through flexible, short-term leasing arrangements. We strive to
match our supply of accommodations with current and anticipated
client demand in order to reduce our financial exposure under
leases. We believe our flexible leasing strategy allows us to
react to changes in market demand for particular geographic
locations and types of accommodations. Our management strives to
develop strong relationships with property managers to ensure
that we have a reliable supply of high quality, conveniently
located accommodations. We operate throughout the United States,
the United Kingdom and France. In 2004, we disposed of our
corporate housing operations in Canada.
Operating Approach Our senior hotel
management team has successfully managed hotels in all sectors
of the lodging industry. We attribute our management success to
our ability to analyze each hotel as a unique property and to
identify specific opportunities for cash flow growth present at
each hotel. Our principal operating objective is to intensively
manage the execution of our strategic business plan for each
property in order to generate higher revenue per available room
(or RevPAR) and increase net operating income, while
providing our hotel guests with high-quality service and value.
The challenging operating cycles that the hospitality business
encounters make our depth of experience and strategies even more
valuable to the owners of the hotels we manage. Similarly, our
senior corporate housing executives have extensive experience in
that line of business. We believe their experience in developing
and executing successful business strategies are crucial to the
future expansion and success of our operations in this business
segment.
Financial information by industry segment and geographic area as
of December 31, 2004, and for the three fiscal years then ended
appears in the Segment Information note to our Consolidated
Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this report.
Business Strategy
We operate primarily in two segments: hotel management and
corporate housing. We operate our corporate housing division
under the trade name BridgeStreet Corporate Housing Worldwide.
We manage each segment separately because of its distinct
products and services.
In our hotel management business segment, we generate earnings
through base fees, incentive fees and other ancillary services
from our management contracts. We work aggressively with the
owners of our managed properties to increase relative
performance of their hotels and reduce or control costs. Our
hotel management business segment has four divisions: branded
full-service hotels, independent hotels, international hotels
and select-service hotels (operating under the Crossroads
Hospitality name).
In our corporate housing business segment, we grow earnings
through effective inventory management and cost control in our
existing markets. We focus on high-growth markets such as New
York, Washington, DC and Chicago and increase our sales effort
in our primary national segments as demand shifts. We may reduce
our inventory in areas in which demand is weak or declining. We
may also add additional markets in North
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America if the conditions are favorable. In addition, we are
continuing to expand our Licensed Global Partner Program, in
which we license the BridgeStreet name to various local
corporate housing providers throughout the United States.
We intend to increase the number of our investments in hotels
and resorts through the creation of joint ventures and/or real
estate funds where we will invest alongside other real estate
investors. These investment vehicles will allow us to increase
our return on invested capital by providing potential returns
from both the management fees and underlying real estate. We
believe our willingness to provide substantial equity
participation will further align our economic interest with that
of our financial partners in each hotel property and will create
a substantial number of additional joint venture opportunities.
We will seek to acquire interests in upscale, full-service
hotels, conference centers and resorts where we believe an
opportunity exists to increase value through our operating
expertise, market recovery and repositioning. We may also seek
select whole-ownership acquisitions, which we will then market
to joint venture partners.
BUSINESS
Hotel Management
Operating Strategy
Our principal operating objectives in our hotel management
segment are to generate higher RevPAR, control costs and
increase the net operating income of the hotels we manage, while
providing our guests with high-quality service and value. We
believe that skilled management is the most critical element in
maximizing revenue and cash flow in properties, especially in
upscale, full-service properties.
Personnel at our corporate office carry out financing and
investment activities and provide services to support and
monitor our on-site hotel operating executives. Each of our
disciplines, including hotel operations, sales and marketing,
human resources, food and beverage, technical services,
information technology, development, legal, and corporate
finance, is headed by an experienced team with significant
expertise in that area. These departments support the hotel
operating executives by providing on-line real-time financial
reporting and review, accounting and budgeting services, sales
and revenue management, cost controls, property management tools
and other resources that we can create, maintain and deliver
efficiently and effectively using our centralized corporate
office resources.
Key elements of our management programs include the following:
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Comprehensive Budgeting and Monitoring Our
operating strategy begins with an integrated budget planning
process. The budget is implemented by individual on-site
managers and monitored by our corporate office. Our corporate
office personnel work with the property-based managers to set
targets for cost and revenue categories at each of the
properties. These targets are based on historical operating
performance, planned renovations, planned targeted marketing,
operational efficiencies and local market conditions. Through
effective and timely use of our comprehensive on-line real-time
financial information and reporting systems, we are able to
monitor actual performance efficiently on a daily basis. As a
result, we can rapidly adjust prices, staffing levels and sales
efforts to take advantage of changes in the market and to
maximize revenue yield. |
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Targeted Sales and Marketing We employ a
systematic approach toward identifying and targeting demand
segments for each property in order to maximize market
penetration. Executives at our corporate office and our
property-based managers divide these segments into smaller
subsegments and develop tailored marketing plans to drive market
penetration in each such segment. We support each
propertys local sales efforts with corporate office sales
executives who develop and implement new marketing programs, and
monitor and respond to specific market needs and preferences.
We employ revenue yield management systems to manage each
propertys use of the various distribution channels in the
lodging industry. Those channels include franchisor reservation
systems and toll-free numbers, websites, travel agent and
airline global distribution systems, corporate travel offices
and office managers and convention and visitor bureaus. Our
controlled access to these channels enables us to maximize
revenue yields on a day-to-day basis. We recruit sales teams
locally and their incentive-based compensation is based on
revenue produced. |
4
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Strategic Capital Improvements We and the
owners of the properties we manage plan renovations primarily to
enhance a propertys appeal to targeted market segments.
This is designed to attract new customers and generate increased
revenue and cash flow. For example, in many of our properties,
the banquet and meeting spaces have been renovated, and guest
rooms have been upgraded with high speed internet access and
comfortable work spaces to better accommodate the needs of
business travelers so we can increase average daily rates. We
base recommendations on capital spending decisions on both
strategic needs and potential rate of return on a given capital
investment. While we provide recommendations and supervision of
many capital improvement projects, the owners of the properties
are responsible for funding capital expenditures. |
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Strategic Use of Brand Names We believe the
selection of an appropriate franchise brand is essential in
positioning a hotel property optimally within its local market.
We select brands based on local market factors such as local
presence of the franchisor, brand recognition, target
demographics and efficiencies offered by franchisors. We believe
our relationships with major hotel franchisors place us in a
favorable position when dealing with those franchisors and allow
us to assist our owners in negotiating favorable franchise
agreements with franchisors. We believe our ability to acquire
additional management contracts will further strengthen our
relationship with franchisors. |
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The following chart summarizes information on the national
franchise affiliations of the properties we manage as of
December 31, 2004: |
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Guest |
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% of |
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Rooms |
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Hotels |
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Rooms |
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Marriott®
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8,390 |
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28 |
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12.30 |
% |
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Hilton®
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7,061 |
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26 |
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10.30 |
% |
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Sheraton®
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6,213 |
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20 |
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9.10 |
% |
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Holiday Inn®
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5,922 |
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28 |
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8.70 |
% |
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Independent
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5,602 |
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28 |
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8.20 |
% |
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Hampton Inn®
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4,876 |
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38 |
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7.10 |
% |
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Doubletree®
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3,522 |
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12 |
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5.20 |
% |
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Courtyard by Marriott®
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3,428 |
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20 |
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5.00 |
% |
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Radisson®
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3,057 |
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11 |
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4.50 |
% |
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Residence Inn®
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2,647 |
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18 |
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3.90 |
% |
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Westin®
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2,444 |
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4 |
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3.60 |
% |
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Crowne Plaza®
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2,100 |
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7 |
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3.10 |
% |
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Embassy Suites®
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2,074 |
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8 |
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3.00 |
% |
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Renaissance®
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1,331 |
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2 |
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2.00 |
% |
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Wyndham®
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1,186 |
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4 |
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1.70 |
% |
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Homewood Suites® ®
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969 |
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6 |
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1.40 |
% |
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Fairfield Inn®
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930 |
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5 |
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1.40 |
% |
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Hilton Garden Inn ®
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884 |
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6 |
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1.30 |
% |
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Doral®
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861 |
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3 |
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1.30 |
% |
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Holiday Inn Express®
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637 |
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5 |
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0.90 |
% |
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Sheraton Four Points®
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570 |
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3 |
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0.80 |
% |
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Comfort Inn®
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524 |
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4 |
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0.80 |
% |
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Holiday Inn Select®
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492 |
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2 |
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0.70 |
% |
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Amerisuites®
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428 |
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3 |
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0.60 |
% |
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Hawthorne Suites®
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422 |
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2 |
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0.60 |
% |
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Country Inn and Suites®
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312 |
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2 |
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0.50 |
% |
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Best Western®
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297 |
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4 |
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0.40 |
% |
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Economy Inn and Suites®
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271 |
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|
1 |
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0.40 |
% |
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Econo Lodge®
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165 |
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|
1 |
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0.20 |
% |
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Ramada Inn®
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|
161 |
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|
1 |
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0.20 |
% |
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La Quinta Inn and Suites®
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148 |
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|
1 |
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0.20 |
% |
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Comfort Suites®
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|
119 |
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|
1 |
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0.20 |
% |
5
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Guest |
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% of |
| Franchise |
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Rooms |
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Hotels |
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Rooms |
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Staybridge Suites®
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|
108 |
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|
1 |
|
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0.20 |
% |
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Quality Inn®
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|
|
91 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
0.10 |
% |
| |
|
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Total
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68,242 |
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|
306 |
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100.0 |
% |
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Emphasis on Food and Beverage We believe
popular food and beverage concepts are a critical component in
the overall success of a full-service hospitality property. We
utilize food and beverage operations to create local awareness
of our hotel facilities, to improve the profitability of our
hotel operations, and to enhance customer satisfaction. We are
committed to competing for patrons with restaurants and catering
establishments by offering high-quality restaurants that garner
positive reviews and strong local and/or national reputations.
We have developed several proprietary restaurant concepts such
as the locally renowned Citronelle restaurant at our Latham
hotel located in Washington, D.C. We have also successfully
placed national food franchises such as Pizza Hut®,
Starbucks Coffee® and TCBY® in
several of our hotels. We believe popular food concepts will
strengthen our ability to attract business travelers and group
meetings and improve the name recognition of our properties. |
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Commitment to Service and Value We are
dedicated to providing consistent, exceptional service and value
to our customers. We conduct extensive employee training
programs to ensure high-quality, personalized service. We have
created and implemented programs to ensure the effectiveness and
uniformity of our employee training through our centralized
human resources department at our corporate office. Our practice
of tracking customer comments through guest comment cards, and
the direct solicitation of guest opinions regarding specific
items, allows us to target investments in services and
amenities. Our focus on these areas has enabled us to attract
lucrative group business. |
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Purchasing We have invested extensive
resources to create efficient purchasing programs that offer the
owner of each of the hotels we manage quality products at very
competitive pricing. These programs are available to all of the
properties we manage. While participation in our purchasing
programs is voluntary, we believe they provide each of our
managed hotels with a distinct competitive and economic edge. In
developing these programs, we seek to obtain the best pricing
available for the quality of item or service being sourced in
order to minimize the operating expenses of the properties we
manage. |
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Business Intelligence We employ real-time
internet-based reporting systems at each of our properties and
at our corporate office to monitor the daily financial and
operating performance of each of the properties. We have
integrated information technology services through networks at
many of the properties. Corporate office executives utilize
information systems that track each propertys daily
occupancy, average daily rates, and revenue from rooms and food
and beverage. By having current property operating information
available on a timely basis, we are better able to respond
quickly and efficiently to changes in the market of each
property. |
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Real Estate Investments |
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| |
The following table provides information relating to our real
estate investments as of March 1, 2005. |
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Number |
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IHR Equity |
| Name |
|
of Rooms |
|
Participation |
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Hilton Concord San Francisco, East Bay(a)
|
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329 |
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|
100 |
% |
|
Pittsburgh Airport Residence Inn by Marriott
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
6
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|
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| |
|
Number |
|
IHR Equity |
| Name |
|
of Rooms |
|
Participation |
| |
|
|
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FCH/ IHC Hotels, L.P. and FCH/ICH Leasing, L.P.(b)
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49.5 |
% |
|
Courtyard Atlanta
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Courtyard Houston Galleria
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fairfield Inn Atlanta
|
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fairfield Inn Dallas
|
|
|
203 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fairfield Inn Houston 1-10.
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fairfield Inn Houston Galleria
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fairfield Inn Scottsdale
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hampton Inn Houston 1-10.
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MeriStar Investment Partners, L.P.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.0 |
% |
|
Embassy Suites Philadelphia Airport
|
|
|
263 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Embassy Suites Walnut Creek
|
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hilton Minneapolis/ St. Paul
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marriott Trumbull
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sheraton Anchorage
|
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sheraton San Diego
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sheraton Iowa City
|
|
|
234 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wyndham Milwaukee
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CNL IHC Partners, L.P.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15.0 |
% |
|
Courtyard Hartford/ Manchester
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hampton Inn Houston Galleria
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Residence Inn Hartford/ Manchester
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northridge-Interstate Hospitality Partners, LLC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.0 |
% |
|
Sheraton Smithtown
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interconn Ponte Vedra, L.P.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.0 |
% |
|
Marriott at Sawgrass
|
|
|
508 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MRI Houston Hospitality, L.P.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25.0 |
% |
|
Residence Inn Houston Astrodome Medical Center
|
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
CapStar Hallmark Company LLC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50.0 |
% |
|
Radisson St. Louis Riverfront
|
|
|
440 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
San Diego Bridgeworks, LLC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17.24 |
% |
|
Hilton San Diego Gaslamp(c)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Orchard Park Associates, L.P.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.0 |
% |
|
Comfort Suites Norwich
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Campus Associates, L.P.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.5 |
% |
|
Nathan Hale Inn & Conference Center
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Middletown Hotel Associates, L.P.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.5 |
% |
|
Inn at Middletown
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
6,273 |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total Hotel Rooms
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (a) |
Purchased on February 14, 2005. |
| |
| (b) |
The partnerships have notified their lenders of their intent to
transfer title of these hotels to the lenders. We recorded
impairments on this investment in 2002 and 2003 and our carrying
value of the investment was zero at December 31, 2004. |
| |
| (c) |
Disposed of on January 6, 2005. |
7
We have notes receivable outstanding to certain of our managed
hotels totaling $5.2 million at December 31, 2004. We
also have outstanding commitments to fund additional investments
or loans to certain properties, if requested, totaling
$2.7 million at December 31, 2004.
Management and Real Estate Investment Expansion Strategy
We plan to expand our portfolio of hotels, resorts and
conference centers by securing additional full-service and
select-service management contracts through investments in joint
ventures and investment funds. In addition, we attempt to
identify properties that are promising acquisition candidates
located in markets with economic, demographic and supply
dynamics favorable to hotel owners. Through our due diligence
process, we seek to select those acquisition targets where we
believe selected capital improvements and focused management
will increase the propertys ability to attract key demand
segments, demonstrate better financial performance, and increase
long-term value. In order to evaluate the relative merits of
each investment opportunity, senior management and individual
operations teams create detailed plans covering all areas of
renovation and planned operation. These plans serve as the basis
for our expansion decisions and guide subsequent renovation and
operating plans.
We seek to invest in properties that meet the following market
and hotel criteria:
Market Criteria.
|
|
| |
Economic Growth. We focus on metropolitan areas that are
approaching, or have already entered, periods of economic
growth. Such areas generally show above average growth in the
business community as measured by job formation rates,
population growth rates, tourism and convention activity,
airport traffic volume, local commercial real estate occupancy,
and retail sales volume. Markets that exhibit above average
growth in these metrics typically have strong demand for hotel
facilities and services. |
| |
| |
Supply Constraints. We seek lodging markets with
favorable supply dynamics for property owners. These dynamics
include an absence of current new hotel development and barriers
to future development such as zoning constraints, the need to
undergo lengthy local development approval processes, and a
limited number of suitable sites. |
| |
| |
Geographic Diversification. Our properties are located in
41 states across the United States, the District of Columbia,
Canada, Russia and Portugal. We seek to maintain a
geographically diverse portfolio of properties to offset the
effects of regional economic cycles. We will continue to expand
into international markets as opportunities arise which meet our
investment or management criteria. |
Hotel Criteria.
|
|
| |
Location and Market Appeal. We seek to invest in hotels
situated near both business and leisure centers that generate a
broad base of demand for hotel accommodations and facilities.
These demand generators include airports, convention centers,
business parks, shopping centers and other retail areas, sports
arenas and stadiums, major highways, tourist destinations, major
universities and cultural and entertainment centers with
nightlife and restaurants. The confluence of nearby business and
leisure centers enables us to attract both weekday business
travelers and weekend leisure guests. Attracting a balanced mix
of business, group and leisure guests to the hotels helps to
maintain stable occupancy rates and high average daily rates. |
| |
| |
Size and Facilities. We seek to invest in additional
full-service hotels with 200 to 500 or more guest rooms, which
include accommodations and facilities that are, or can be made,
attractive to key demand segments such as business, group and
leisure travelers. These facilities typically include upscale
guest rooms, food and beverage facilities, extensive meeting and
banquet space, and amenities such as health clubs and swimming
pools. |
| |
| |
Potential Performance Improvements. We target
under-performing hotels where intensive management and selective
capital improvements can increase revenue and cash flow. These
hotels represent opportunities to improve property performance
by implementing our systematic management approach and targeted
renovations. |
8
We expect that our relationships throughout the industry will
continue to provide us with a competitive advantage in
identifying, evaluating and investing in hotels that meet our
criteria. We have a record of successfully managing the
renovation and repositioning of hotels in situations with
varying levels of service, room rates and market types. We plan
to continue to manage such renovation and repositioning programs
as we invest in and/or acquire new management contracts of
hotels, resorts and conference centers.
Corporate Housing
On May 31, 2000, we completed the acquisition of
BridgeStreet Accommodations, Inc. BridgeStreet is a leading
provider of corporate housing services in metropolitan markets
located in the United States, the United Kingdom and France. In
June 2004, BridgeStreet disposed of BridgeStreet Canada, Inc.,
the owner of our corporate housing operation in Toronto. The
Toronto operations had incurred operating losses, primarily due
to long-term lease commitments that did not allow us to adjust
our inventory as easily as other markets. As of
December 31, 2004, our BridgeStreet corporate housing
division had 2,835 apartments under direct leases and 106
corporate housing units rented through other network partners.
Additionally, through the growth of our Licensed Global Partner
Program, we have added more than 5,332 units to our distribution
channel, with 20 partners signed as of December 31, 2004.
Total fees and commissions for this licensing program in 2004
were over $0.1 million. In addition, referrals from our
licensed partners produced approximately $1.0 million in
additional revenues for us.
Accommodations and Services
Accommodations Through our BridgeStreet
brand, we offer high-quality, fully furnished one-, two- and
three-bedroom accommodations. These accommodations, together
with the specialized service we offer, are intended to provide
guests with a home away from home. We select our
BridgeStreet apartments based on location, general property
condition and basic amenities, with the goal of providing
accommodations that meet each guests particular needs. As
a flexible accommodation services provider, we can satisfy
client requests for accommodations in a variety of locations and
neighborhoods, including requests for proximity to an office,
school or area attraction, as well as requests for
accommodations of specific types and sizes. Most of
BridgeStreets accommodations are located within quality
property complexes and include dedicated parking and access to
fitness facilities, including, in many cases, pools, saunas and
tennis courts. We also are able to customize accommodations to a
guests request with items such as office furniture, fax
machines and computers.
In the US, we lease substantially all of our corporate housing
accommodations through flexible, short-term leasing
arrangements. We strive to match our supply of accommodations
with client demand in order to reduce our financial exposure
under the leases. We believe our flexible leasing strategy
allows us to react to changes in market demand for particular
geographic locations and types of accommodations. Our corporate
housing management strives to develop strong relationships with
property managers to ensure that we have a reliable supply of
high-quality, conveniently located accommodations.
The United Kingdom market conditions often dictate that
BridgeStreet take a higher risk in attaining quality furnished
accommodations by leasing apartments and condominiums for terms
in excess of two years. We believe that this is necessary in
order to have the required number of apartments in the United
Kingdom and to adequately service our evolving client base.
Our corporate housing accommodations generally are priced
competitively with all-suite or upscale extended-stay hotel
rooms even though we believe our accommodations offer more to
our guests than those hotel rooms. We believe we generally are
able to price our accommodations competitively due to our:
|
|
| |
high-quality accommodations; |
| |
| |
favored relationships with local apartment communities, which
translate into better negotiated rental rates; |
| |
| |
ability to lease accommodations in accordance with demand and
leave unfavorable markets quickly; |
9
|
|
| |
ability to leverage our size to allow for better negotiated
rates on furniture and housewares, which translate into lower
direct costs; and |
| |
| |
relatively lower operating cost structure through the
synergistic use of technology and our best practices initiative
known as BridgeStreet Basics. |
The length of a guests stay in our corporate housing
accommodations can range from a week to a few months or more,
with the typical stay ranging from 30 to 45 days.
Corporate Client Services Our goal is to
provide valuable, cost-effective housing to our corporate
clients. Many of these clients human resource directors,
relocation managers or training directors have significant,
national employee lodging requirements. BridgeStreet aims to
relieve our clients of the logistics and administrative burden
often associated with relocating employees and/or providing them
with quality, cost-effective housing for extended, but temporary
assignments.
Guest Services We strive to provide the
highest quality of customer service by overseeing all aspects of
a guests lodging experience, from preparations prior to
the guests arrival to the moving out process. BridgeStreet
maintains a representative in each city in which it operates to
respond to guests needs. BridgeStreets guest
services department offers customers comprehensive information
services before and during their stays to help guests acclimate
themselves to their new surroundings.
Sales and Marketing Our corporate housing
division focuses primarily on business-to-business selling. At
the headquarters level, we focus on global accounts. These are
large national companies that we believe can most benefit from
our expanding national and international network. At the local
level, each of BridgeStreets operating subsidiaries has
corporate account specialists that call on local companies,
including local branches of regional or national companies, to
solicit business. Each account specialist focuses his or her
efforts on the key decision makers at each company responsible
for establishing and administering travel and accommodation
policies. These decision makers are typically human resource
directors, relocation managers or training directors. By
aggressively pursuing relationships with potential clients and
expanding services to existing clients, BridgeStreet seeks to
become each clients primary or sole provider of flexible
accommodation services nationwide. We operate a global
BridgeStreet sales force to market our worldwide capabilities to
our international corporate clients. In addition, we have
expanded BridgeStreets Internet presence to supplement
traditional marketing strategies and to better serve our
customers.
We tailor our marketing strategy to the needs of particular
clients. For example, we may market ourselves to a corporation
with relocating employees by focusing on our ability to situate
families in two-and three-bedroom apartments, or provide access
to accommodations in both metropolitan and suburban settings, or
access to accommodations that allow pets. In contrast, when
marketing to potential corporate clients in need of short-term
housing, we might emphasize our flexible lease terms and our
ability to customize an accommodation with amenities such as
office equipment, including computers, additional telephone
lines and other work-related items.
We intend to continue an advertising and promotional program
designed to enhance the BridgeStreet name in the flexible
accommodation services industry and broaden our client base. In
addition, we promote our BridgeStreet brand name by advertising
in trade publications, business publications, Chamber of
Commerce listings, local visitor magazines, telephone
directories and the Internet, and through periodic direct mail
and e-brochure campaigns.
Expansion Strategies
Local Market Share We have offices in 16 U.S.
markets as of December 31, 2004. We train all of our
BridgeStreet sales employees in our sales and marketing
techniques. With a better-trained sales force and our management
experience, we believe we will be in a better position to
penetrate local markets and increase our market share.
Global Accounts We believe global accounts
have substantial growth potential for BridgeStreet.
BridgeStreets current customers include a significant
number of large multi-national companies with significant
10
national and international employee lodging requirements, such
as Motorola, Accenture, Lehman Brothers and Credit Suisse First
Boston. We plan to maximize sales to those existing corporate
clients and to obtain new clients. We use a national sales and
marketing program that promotes the BridgeStreet brand and
highlights BridgeStreets national and international
network, as well as BridgeStreets ability to serve as a
central point of contact on all housing issues.
Franchise Program In 2002, BridgeStreet
launched a licensing program designed to extend
BridgeStreets established network of partner properties
and offer operating systems and new revenue opportunities to
licensees. The licensing program is intended to expand
BridgeStreets national and international presence to a
globally branded enterprise capable of generating and
maintaining fee streams from licensing and related value-added
marketing and operational programs. Called the Licensed Global
Partner Program, it provides regional corporate housing
providers with access to BridgeStreets global customers, a
centralized reservation system and sales and marketing support.
These services will be offered to licensees who meet
BridgeStreets stringent operational, financial and product
quality standards. We view it as an opportunity for global
expansion and to generate additional enterprise brand value. At
December 31, 2004, we had 20 franchisees.
Network Partner Relationships We have
developed a network partner relationship with flexible
accommodation service providers in the United States and in 40
countries worldwide. Through network partner agreements,
BridgeStreet has expanded the number of locations where it can
serve our clients needs. In some additional markets,
BridgeStreet intends to enter into network partner agreements
with one or more leading local or regional flexible
accommodation service providers having the size and quality of
operations suitable for serving BridgeStreets client base.
International Hotel Operations
Three of our hotels are located in Moscow, Russia. Our net
management fees earned from these hotels for the year ended
December 31, 2004 were $6.6 million, or 10.3% of total
management fees. The management fees are paid in U.S. dollars.
In addition, we manage one hotel in Praia del Rey, Portugal,
which opened on December 15, 2003. We have a loan
outstanding from this owner at December 31, 2004, in the
amount of $0.5 million.
We managed two hotels in Canada at the end of 2004 and in 2003.
Our net management fees earned from these hotels for the year
ended December 31, 2004, were $0.4 million, or 0.6% of
total management fees.
Insurance and Risk Management
As an ancillary service to our hotel owners our subsidiary, we
and our subsidiary, Northridge Insurance Company, offer our
managed hotels reinsurance and risk management services. We
purchase insurance from major insurance carriers at attractive
rates due to large volume purchasing and our claims history.
Northridge reinsures a portion of certain coverages from these
third-party primary insurers. We provide the owners of the
managed hotels the opportunity to participate in the policies at
prices and coverages that we believe are more advantageous than
third-party hotel owners could otherwise obtain. In conjunction
with our risk management services and in order to minimize our
insurance claims, we set policies regarding the standards of
operation for participating managed hotels.
We offer this insurance coverage to our managed hotels under the
terms of each individual management agreement. The policies
provide for layers of coverage with minimum deductibles and
annual aggregate limits. The policies are for coverage relating
to innkeepers losses (general/comprehensive liability),
garagekeepers legal liability and real and personal
property insurance. See Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Business Overview Insurance
and Risk Management, for more information.
11
Relationship with MeriStar Hospitality
We manage 72 of the properties owned by MeriStar Hospitality, a
REIT, under long term management contracts. Paul W. Whetsell,
our Chairman, is the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer of
MeriStar Hospitality.
Termination of Intercompany Agreement We and
MeriStar Hospitality have historically had a close operating
relationship under the terms of our Intercompany Agreement.
Effective July 1, 2004, we and MeriStar Hospitality agreed
to terminate the intercompany agreement. We believe the
termination of the intercompany agreement is an important step
in our efforts to pursue our strategy of increasing our
investment in hotels and resorts since we can now pursue real
estate investment opportunities without first having to offer
the opportunity to MeriStar Hospitality. In connection with the
termination of the intercompany agreement we have agreed to
modify the management agreements under which we manage the
MeriStar Hospitality hotels as follows:
|
|
| |
MeriStar Hospitality may terminate management agreements each
year representing up to 600 rooms with the payment of a
termination fee equal to 18 months of management fees and,
if all 600 rooms are not terminated in a given year, the
remaining portion of the 600 rooms may be carried over to the
subsequent year. |
| |
| |
MeriStar Hospitality may terminate a management agreement if we
make an investment, in the form of debt or equity, in a hotel
that is in the competitive set of the MeriStar Hospitality hotel
(provided that the termination can only occur between 12 and
18 months following the date the investment is made); and |
| |
| |
the period during which termination fees are paid (other than as
described in the first bullet point above) is extended from 30
months to 48 months; provided that the period during which
MeriStar Hospitality may reduce the termination fee by providing
a new hotel for us to manage to replace the terminated hotel
will remain 30 months. |
In addition, in connection with the termination of the
intercompany agreement, MeriStar Hospitality and we have
resolved our disagreement over the calculation of termination
fees. We have agreed to calculate the termination fees based
upon an average of the present value of remaining estimated
management fees due to us under the contract (a) discounted
as individual monthly payments and (b) discounted based on
a lump sum payment at the end of the contract term. We have
agreed to provide MeriStar Hospitality with a $2.5 million
credit against termination fees owed for hotels to be sold by
MeriStar Hospitality in the future. As of December 31,
2004, there was approximately $1.1 million of this credit
remaining.
Management Agreements Under our management
agreements with MeriStar Hospitality, we receive a management
fee for each hotel equal to a specified percentage of aggregate
hotel operating revenues, increased or reduced, as the case may
be, by 20% of the positive or negative difference between:
|
|
| |
the actual excess of total operating revenues over total
operating expenses; and |
| |
| |
a projected excess, determined in accordance with a formula in
the relevant agreement of total operating revenues over total
operating expenses. |
The total management fee for a hotel in any fiscal year will not
be less than the base fee of 2.5%, or greater than 4.0% (with
incentive fees) of aggregate hotel operating revenues. In 2004,
the fee percentage we received on the hotels we managed for
MeriStar was 2.5%.
The management agreements with MeriStar Hospitality have initial
terms of 10 years with three renewal periods of five years each.
A renewal will go into effect unless we elect not to renew the
agreement or there is a change in the federal tax laws
permitting MeriStar Hospitality or one of its subsidiaries to
operate the hotels directly without adversely affecting MeriStar
Hospitalitys ability to qualify as a REIT.
MeriStar Hospitalitys taxable subsidiaries have the right
to terminate a management agreement for a hotel upon the sale of
the hotel to a third party or if the hotel is destroyed and not
rebuilt after a casualty. In the event of termination, MeriStar
Hospitalitys taxable subsidiary will be required to pay us
termination fees as described above.
12
During 2004, we recorded $4.3 million in termination fees
related to hotels sold by MeriStar Hospitality. MeriStar
Hospitality may also terminate a management agreement if certain
performance standards at the hotel are not met in consecutive
calendar years. We have been notified by MeriStar Hospitality
that they believe that we have failed to meet the performance
standards for consecutive years for 11 hotels. We are in
discussions with MeriStar Hospitality with respect to these
hotels, although we believe we have complied with our agreements
regarding most of these properties and believe that the impact
of any event of non-compliance will not be material to our
financial position or results of operations.
We do not have the right to assign a management agreement
without the prior written consent of the relevant taxable
subsidiary of MeriStar Hospitality. A change in control of our
company will require MeriStar Hospitalitys consent, and
they may grant or withhold their consent at their sole
discretion.
Intellectual Property and Franchises
We employ a flexible branding strategy based on each particular
managed hotels ma