UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
for the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 333-62916-03
BASTET BROADCASTING, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware |
31-1537569 | |
| (State of Organization or Incorporation) |
(IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
| 409 Lackawanna Avenue Scranton, PA 18503 |
(570) 961-2222 | |
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code) |
(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code) |
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that it was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ¨ No x
As of December 31, 2001, Bastet Broadcasting, Inc. had one shareholder, David S. Smith. Mr. Smith had 10 shares of common stock outstanding.
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| PART I |
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| ITEM 1. |
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| ITEM 2. |
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| ITEM 3. |
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| ITEM 4. |
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| PART II |
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| ITEM 5. |
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| ITEM 6. |
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| ITEM 7. |
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
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| ITEM 7A. |
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| ITEM 8. |
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| ITEM 9. |
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
28 | ||
| PART III |
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| ITEM 10. |
29 | |||
| ITEM 11. |
29 | |||
| ITEM 12. |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
29 | ||
| ITEM 13. |
29 | |||
| PART IV |
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| ITEM 14. |
EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K |
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| F-1 | ||||
| E-1 | ||||
i
General
As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and unless the context indicates otherwise, Bastet refers to Bastet Broadcasting, Inc. Bastet has entered into time brokerage and shared services agreements on behalf of its stations with television stations owned by subsidiaries of Nexstar Finance, L.L.C. (Nexstar), but Bastet does not own any of the equity interests in Nexstar. For a description of the relationship between Bastet and Nexstar, see Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
There are 210 generally recognized television markets, known as Designated Market Areas, or DMAs, in the United States. DMAs are ranked in size according to various factors based upon actual or potential audience. DMA rankings contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are from the Nielsen Station Index dated November 2001 as estimated by the A.C. Nielsen Company as published in BIA Investing in Television, 4th ed. 2001.
Unless the context indicates otherwise: (1) data relating to market rank, television household data and audience share are from The Neilsen Station Index for Sunday to Saturday, 7:00 AM to 1:00AM dated November 2001 and (2) the term station or commercial station means a television broadcast station and does not include non-commercial television stations, cable program services or networks (for example, CNN, MTV and ESPN) or stations that do not meet the minimum Nielsen reporting standards (for example, weekly cumulative audience share of at least 2.5% for Sunday to Saturday, 7:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.); and (3) the term independent describes a commercial television station that is not affiliated with the ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox, WB, PAX or UPN television networks.
Reference is made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the following trademarks/tradenames which are owned by the third parties referenced in parentheses: King of the Hill, The Simpsons (20th Century Fox Film Corporation), Judge Judy, Entertainment Tonight, Spin City (Paramount Distribution), and Friends (Warner Brothers Domestic Television Distribution, a division of Time Warner Entertainment Co. LLP).
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including: any projections or expectations of earnings, revenues, financial performance, liquidity and capital resources or other financial items; any assumptions or projections about the television broadcastings industry, any statements of our plans, strategies and objectives for our future operations; any statements concerning proposed new products, services or developments; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; any statements of belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements may include the words may, will, estimate, intend, continue, believe, expect or anticipate and other similar words.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ from a projection or assumption in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements are subject to change and inherent risks and uncertainties discussed under Item 1. BusinessRisks Related to Our Business and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are made only as of the date hereof and we do not have or undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or subsequent events or circumstances unless otherwise required by law.
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PART I
Overview
Bastet was formed in 1997 to own and operate television stations in small- and medium-sized markets across the United States. We completed our first acquisition in January 1998 with the purchase of WYOU, the CBS affiliate in Wilkes Barre-Scranton, Pennsylvania. We subsequently purchased WFXP, the Fox affiliate in Erie, Pennsylvania in November 1998.
Through various local service agreements with Nexstar, Bastet is provided with various management, sales or other services. WFXP has entered into a time brokerage agreement with Nexstar pursuant to which Nexstar programs most of the stations broadcast time, sells the stations advertising time and retains the advertising revenue. WYOU has entered into a shared services agreement with Nexstar pursuant to which Nexstar shares services with WYOU including news production, technical maintenance and security, in exchange for a monthly service fee paid to Nexstar.
In addition to providing us with certain services, Nexstar also guarantees our debt. We are a guarantor of the senior credit facilities entered into by and the senior subordinated notes issued by Nexstar.
Our shareholder, David S. Smith, has granted Nexstar purchase options which were amended on October 18, 2002, on each station to acquire its assets and liabilities for consideration equal to the greater of (1) seven times the stations broadcast cash flow less the amount of indebtedness as defined in the option agreement or (2) the amount of its indebtedness. These option agreements are freely exercisable or assignable by Nexstar without consent or approval by our shareholder.
As a result of the service arrangements, the debt guarantees and the option agreements, Nexstar is deemed to have a controlling financial interest in us under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) while complying with the FCCs rules regarding ownership limits in television markets. In order for both Nexstar and us to continue to comply with FCC regulations, we must maintain complete responsibility for and control over programming, finances, personnel and operations of our stations. For more information about our local service agreements with Nexstar, see Certain Transactions.
We are a corporation formed in 1997. Our principal offices are at 409 Lackawanna Ave., Scranton, PA, 18503. Our telephone number is (570) 961-2222.
Business Strategy
We seek to maximize growth through the following strategies:
Emphasize Local Sales. We employ a high-quality local sales force at WYOU to capitalize on our investment in local programming. We seek to maximize local advertising revenues, which are generally more stable than national advertising revenues and which we directly manage through our own local sales force. For the year ended December 31, 2001, the percentage of our total spot revenues, excluding political, from local advertising was 50.8%, while for the year ended December 31, 2000, our total spot revenues, excluding political, from local advertising was 54.5%. While we maintain strict cost controls, we have increased the quality of our local sales force. We invest in our sales personnel by implementing comprehensive training programs and employing a sophisticated inventory tracking system to help maximize advertising rates and the amount of inventory sold in each time period.
Maintain Strict Cost Controls. We emphasize strict controls on station operating costs in order to increase broadcast cash flow. We continually seek to identify and implement cost savings opportunities at our stations.
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Our Stations
The following chart sets forth general information about our stations:
| Station |
Market |
Market Rank |
Affiliation |
Station Rank(1) |
Commercial Stations in Market(2) | |||||
| WYOU(3) |
Wilkes Barre-Scranton, PA |
52 |
CBS |
3 |
4 | |||||
| WFXP(4) |
Erie, PA |
143 |
Fox |
4 |
4 |
| (1) | Station ranking in market is determined by audience shares from November 2001. |
| (2) | The term commercial station means a television broadcast station and does not include non-commercial television stations, cable program services or networks, or stations that do not meet the minimum Nielson reporting standards. |
| (3) | Operated under a shared services agreement with Nexstar. |
| (4) | Operated under a time brokerage agreement with Nexstar. |
Wilkes Barre-Scranton, PA
Market Profile. Wilkes Barre-Scranton, Pennsylvania is the 52nd largest DMA in the United States, with a population of over 1.4 million and 568,000 television households as of December 31, 2001. Cable penetration in the Wilkes Barre-Scranton market is estimated to be 81% as of December 31, 2001. The Wilkes Barre-Scranton television market is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.5% from 2001 to 2005. Average household income is estimated to be $41,046 as of December 31, 2001.
The table below provides an overview of the four commercial television stations in the Wilkes Barre-Scranton, Pennsylvania DMA:
| Audience Share Summary 9AM to Midnight (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Calls |
Channel |
Affiliation |
Owner |
Nov-01 |
Jul-01 |
May 01 |
Nov 00 | |||||||
| WBRE |
28 |
NBC |
Nexstar Broadcasting Group |
13 |
11 |
13 |
13 | |||||||
| WYOU |
22 |
CBS |
Bastet Broadcasting, Inc. |
11 |
9 |
11 |
11 | |||||||
| WNEP |
16 |
ABC |
The New York Times Company |
16 |
17 |
19 |
17 | |||||||
| WOLF/WILF |
56/53 |
FOX |
Pegasus Communications Corporation |
7 |
4 |
4 |
6 | |||||||
WYOU
Station Profile. We acquired WYOU, a CBS affiliate, in January 1998 and entered into a shared services agreement with Nexstar. For the November 2001 ratings period, WYOU ranked third in its market, with an audience share of 11.0%. The stations syndicated programming includes King of the Hill, Entertainment Tonight, and Judge Judy.
Erie, PA
Market Profile. Erie, Pennsylvania is the 143rd largest DMA in the United States, with a population of approximately 416,000 and 156,000 television households as of December 31, 2001. Cable penetration in the Erie market is estimated to be 67% as of December 31, 2001. The Erie television market is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 4.5% from 2001 to 2005. Average household income is estimated to be $42,596 as of December 31, 2001.
The table below provides an overview of the four commercial stations in the Erie, Pennsylvania DMA:
| Audience Share Summary | ||||||||||||||
| Calls |
Channel |
Affiliation |
Owner |
Nov-01 |
Jul-01 |
May 01 |
Nov 00 | |||||||
| WJET |
24 |
ABC |
Nexstar Broadcasting Group |
14 |
15 |
18 |
15 | |||||||
| WFXP |
66 |
FOX |
Bastet Broadcasting, Inc. |
6 |
4 |
4 |
4 | |||||||
| WICU |
12 |
NBC |
SJL Communications LP |
15 |
12 |
15 |
18 | |||||||
| WSEE |
35 |
CBS |
Initial Broadcasting of PA |
19 |
17 |
19 |
18 | |||||||
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WFXP
Station Profile. We purchased WFXP, a Fox affiliate, in November 1998. The station is operated under a time brokerage agreement with Nexstar. For the November 2001 ratings period, WFXP ranked fourth in its market, with an audience share of 6.0%. WFXPs syndicated programming includes Friends, The Simpsons and Spin City.
Industry Background
The Television Broadcasting Industry
Commercial television broadcasting began in the United States on a regular basis in the 1940s. There are a limited number of channels available for broadcasting in any one geographic area. Television stations can be distinguished by the frequency on which they broadcast. Television stations that broadcast over the very high frequency or VHF band (channels 2-13) of the spectrum generally have some competitive advantage over television stations which broadcast over the ultra-high frequency or UHF band (channels above 13) of the spectrum because the former usually have better signal coverage and operate at a lower transmission cost. However, the improvement of UHF transmitters and receivers, the complete elimination from the marketplace of VHF-only receivers and the expansion of cable television systems have reduced the VHF signal advantage. Any remaining disparity between VHF and UHF is likely to diminish even further in the coming era of digital television.
The Market for Television Programming
All television stations in the country are grouped by A.C. Nielsen Company, a national audience measuring service, into 210 generally recognized television markets, known as designated market areas, or DMAs, that are ranked in size according to various metrics based upon actual or potential audience. Each DMA is determined as an exclusive geographic area consisting of all counties in which the home-market commercial stations receive the greatest percentage of total viewing hours. Nielsen periodically publishes data on estimated audiences for the television stations in the various television markets throughout the country. The estimates are expressed in terms of the stations rating, which is a percentage of the total potential audience in the market viewing a station, or the stations share, which is the percentage of the audience actually watching television. Nielsen provides this data on the basis of local television households and selected demographic groupings in the market. Nielsen uses two methods of determining a stations ability to attract viewers. In larger geographic markets, ratings are determined by a combination of meters connected directly to selected television sets and weekly diaries of television viewing, while in smaller markets only weekly diaries are completed.
Whether or not a station is affiliated with one of the four major networks (NBC, ABC, CBS or Fox) has a significant impact on the composition of the stations revenues, expenses and operations. A typical network affiliate receives the majority of its programming each day from the network. This programming, along with cash payments in some cases, is provided to the affiliate by the network in exchange for a substantial majority of the advertising time during network programs. The network then sells this advertising time and retains the revenues. The affiliate retains the revenue from the time sold during breaks in and between network programs and programs the affiliate produces or purchases from non-network sources.
Broadcast television stations compete for advertising revenues primarily with other broadcast television stations, and to a lesser extent, with radio stations and cable system operators serving the same market. Non-commercial, religious and Spanish-language broadcasting stations in many markets compete with commercial stations for viewers. In addition, the Internet and other leisure activities may draw viewers away from commercial stations.
Developments in the Television Market
Through the 1970s, network television broadcasting enjoyed virtual dominance in viewership and television advertising revenue because network-affiliated stations competed only with each other in most local markets. Beginning in the 1980s and continuing through the 1990s, however, this level of dominance changed as more local stations were authorized by the FCC and marketplace choices expanded with the growth of independent stations, new networks such as UPN, WB and PAX, and cable television services.
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Cable television systems, which grew at a rapid rate beginning in the early 1970s, were initially used to retransmit broadcast television programming to paying subscribers in areas with poor broadcast signal reception. In the aggregate, cable-originated programming has emerged as a significant competitor for viewers of broadcast television programming. With the increase in cable penetration in the 1980s and 1990s, the advertising share of cable networks has increased. Notwithstanding these increases in cable viewership and advertising, over-the-air broadcasting remains the primary distribution system for mass market television advertising. Basic cable penetration (the percentage of television households which are connected to a cable system) in our television markets ranges from 67.0% to 81.0%.
In acquiring programming to supplement network programming, network affiliates compete with other broadcasting stations in their markets. Cable systems generally do not compete with local stations for programming. In the past, the cost of programming increased dramatically, primarily because of an increase in the number of new independent stations and a shortage of desirable programming. Recently, however, program prices have stabilized as a result of increases in the supply of programming.
The FCC finalized its allotment of new advanced television channels to existing broadcast stations in the first half of 1998. Advanced television is a digital television, or DTV, transmission system that delivers improved video and audio signals including high definition television and also has substantial multiplexing and data transmission capabilities. For each licensed television station, the FCC allocated a matching DTV channel. Under current FCC guidelines, all commercial television station operators were required to complete construction of and begin broadcasting with their digital transmission systems no later than May 1, 2002, unless an extension of time is granted. Network affiliated stations in the top 10 markets were required to begin digital broadcasting by May 1999, and in the top 30 markets by November 1, 1999. By the end of 2006, the FCC expects television broadcasters to cease non-digital broadcasting and return one of their channels to the U.S. government, provided that 85.0% of households within the relevant DMA have the capability to receive a digital signal.
Advertising Sales
General
Television station revenues are primarily derived from the sale of local and national advertising and, to a lesser extent, from network compensation and revenues from studio rental and commercial production activities. Television stations compete for advertising revenues primarily with other broadcast television stations, radio stations, cable system operators and programmers, and newspapers serving the same market.
All network-affiliated stations are required to carry spot advertising sold by their networks, which reduces the amount of advertising spots available for sale by our station. WYOU sells all of the remaining advertising to be inserted in network programming and all of the advertising in non-network programming, retaining all of the revenues received from these sales. A national syndicated program distributor will often retain a portion of the available advertising time for programming it supplies in exchange for no fees or reduced fees charged to the stations for such programming. These programming arrangements are referred to as barter programming.
Advertisers wishing to reach a national audience usually purchase time directly from the networks, or advertise nationwide on a case-by-case basis. National advertisers who wish to reach a particular regional or local audience often buy advertising time directly from local stations through national advertising sales representative firms. Local businesses purchase advertising time directly from the stations local sales staffs.
Advertising rates are based upon a programs popularity among the viewers that an advertiser wishes to target, the number of advertisers competing for the available time, the size and the demographic composition of the market served by the station, the availability of alternative advertising media in the market area, and the effectiveness of the stations sales force. Advertising rates are also determined by a stations overall ability to attract viewers in its market area, as well as the stations ability to attract viewers among particular demographic groups that an advertiser may be targeting. Advertising revenues are positively affected by strong local
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economies, national and regional political election campaigns, and certain events such as the Olympic Games or the Super Bowl. Because television broadcast stations rely on advertising revenues, declines in advertising budgets, particularly in recessionary periods, adversely affect the broadcast industry, and as a result may contribute to a decrease in the revenues of broadcast television stations.
Local Sales
Local advertising time is sold by a stations local sales staff, who call upon advertising agencies and local businesses, which typically include car dealerships, retail stores and restaurants. Compared to revenues from national advertising accounts, revenues from local advertising are generally more stable and more controllable. We seek to attract new advertisers to television, and to increase the amount of advertising time sold to existing local advertisers by relying on our experienced local sales force with strong community ties, broadcasting news and other programming with local advertising appeal and sponsoring or co-promoting local events and activities. We place a strong emphasis on the experience of our local sales staff and maintain an on-going training program for sales personnel.
National Sales
National advertising time is sold through national sales representative firms, which call upon advertising agencies, whose clients typically include automobile manufacturers and dealer groups, telecommunications companies, fast food franchisers, and national retailers (some of which may advertise locally).
Network Affiliations
Our stations are affiliated with their networks pursuant to affiliation agreements. WYOU is affiliated with CBS, and WFXP is affiliated with Fox.
Each affiliation agreement provides the affiliated station with the right to broadcast all programs transmitted by the network with which it is affiliated. In exchange, the network has the right to sell a substantial majority of the advertising time during these broadcasts. Additionally, CBS pays a fee for each hour of network programming that WYOU broadcasts, which varies with the time of the day. Typically, prime-time programming (Monday through Saturday from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., Eastern time, and Sunday from 7:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., Eastern time) generates the highest hourly rates.
Our CBS affiliation agreement with WYOU expires on December 31, 2007. Our Fox affiliation agreement for WFXP expires on June 30, 2006.
Competition
Competition in the television industry takes place on several levels: competition for audience, competition for programming (including news) and competition for advertisers. Additional factors that are material to a television stations competitive position include signal coverage and assigned frequency. The broadcasting industry is continually faced with technological change and innovation, the possible rise in popularity of competing entertainment and communications media, and governmental restrictions or actions of federal regulatory bodies, including the FCC and the Federal Trade Commission, any of which could have a material effect on our operations.
Audience. Stations compete for viewership generally against all other leisure activities in which one could choose to engage rather than watch television. Broadcast stations compete for audience share specifically on the basis of program popularity, which has a direct effect on advertising rates. A portion of the daily programming on each station is supplied by the network with which each station is affiliated. In those periods, the stations are dependent upon the performance of the network programs in attracting viewers. Our stations program non-network time periods with a combination of news, public affairs and other entertainment programming, including news and syndicated programs purchased for cash, cash and barter, or barter only. A majority of the daily programming on our Fox affiliated station consists of programming of this kind.
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Through the 1970s, network television broadcasting enjoyed virtual dominance in viewership and television advertising revenues because network-affiliated stations competed only with each other in most local markets. However, the development of methods of video transmission other than over-the-air broadcasting, and in particular the growth of cable television, has significantly altered competition for audience share in the television industry. These other transmission methods can increase competition for a broadcasting station by bringing into its market distant broadcasting signals not otherwise available to the stations audience. Other sources of competition include home entertainment systems, such as VCRs, DVDs and television game devices. Transmission of video programming over broadband Internet may be a future source of competition to television broadcasters.
Although cable television systems were initially used to retransmit broadcast television programming to subscribers in areas with poor broadcast signal reception, significant increases in cable television penetration occurred throughout the 1970s and 1980s in areas that did not have signal reception problems. As the technology of satellite program delivery to cable systems advanced in the late 1970s, development of programming for cable television accelerated dramatically, resulting in the emergence of multiple, national-scale program alternatives and the rapid expansion of cable television and higher subscriber growth rates. Historically, cable operators have not sought to compete with broadcast stations for a share of the local news audience. Recently, however, certain cable operators have elected to compete for these audiences, and the increased competition could have an adverse effect on our advertising revenues.
Further advances in technology may increase competition for household audiences and advertisers. Video compression techniques, now under development for use with current cable channels or direct broadcast satellites, are expected to reduce the bandwidth required for television signal transmission. These compression techniques, as well as other technological developments, are applicable to all video delivery systems, including over-the-air broadcasting, and have the potential to provide vastly expanded programming to highly targeted audiences. Reduction in the cost of creating additional channel capacity could lower entry barriers for new channels and encourage the development of increasingly specialized niche programming. This ability to reach very narrowly defined audiences is expected to alter the competitive dynamics for advertising expenditures. We are unable to predict the effect that these or other technological changes will have on the broadcast television industry or on the future results of our operations.
Programming. Competition for programming involves negotiating with national program distributors or syndicators that sell first-run and rerun packages of programming. Our stations compete against in-market broadcast station operators for exclusive access to off-network reruns (such as Friends) and first-run product (such as Entertainment Tonight) in their respective markets. Cable systems generally do not compete with local stations for programming, although various national cable networks from time to time have acquired programs that would have otherwise been offered to local television stations. AOL/Time Warner, Inc., Viacom Communications, Inc. and The News Corporation Limited, each of which has a television network, also own or control major production studios, which are the primary source of programming for the networks. It is uncertain whether in the future such programming, which is generally subject to short-term agreements between the studios and the networks, will be moved to the new networks. Television broadcasters also compete for non-network programming unique to the markets they serve. As such, stations strive to provide exclusive news stories, unique features such as investigative reporting and coverage of community events and to secure broadcast rights for regional and local sporting events.
Advertising. Advertising rates are based upon a number of factors including:
| | the size of the market in which the station operates; |
| | a programs popularity among the viewers that an advertiser wishes to attract; |
| | the number of advertisers competing for the available time; |
| | the demographic makeup of the market served by the station; |
| | the availability of alternative advertising media in the market area; |
| | the effectiveness of the stations sales forces; and |
| | development of projects, features and programs that tie advertiser messages to programming. |
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In addition to competing with other media outlets for audience share, our stations compete for advertising revenues with:
| | other television stations in their respective markets; and |
| | other advertising media, such as newspapers, radio stations, magazines, outdoor advertising, transit advertising, yellow page directories, direct mail, local cable systems and the Internet. |
Competition for advertising dollars in the broadcasting industry occurs primarily within individual markets. Generally, a television broadcasting station in a particular market does not compete with stations in other market areas.
Federal Regulation of Television Broadcasting
The following is a brief discussion of certain provisions of the Communications Act of 1934 (Communications Act), as amended, and the FCCs regulations and policies that affect the business operations of television broadcasting stations. For more information about the nature and extent of the FCC regulation of television broadcasting stations you should refer to the Communications Act and FCCs rules, public notices, and rulings. Over the years, Congress and the FCC have added, amended and deleted statutory and regulatory requirements to which station owners are subject. Some of these changes have a minimal business impact whereas others may significantly affect the business or operation of individual stations or the broadcast industry as a whole. The following discussion summarizes statutory and regulatory requirements and policies currently in effect.
License Grant and Renewal. Television broadcast licenses are granted for a maximum term of eight years and are subject to renewal upon application to the FCC. The FCC is required to grant an application for license renewal if during the preceding term the station served the public interest, the licensee did not commit any serious violations of the Communications Act or the FCCs rules, and the licensee committed no other violations of the Communications Act or the FCCs rules which, taken together, would constitute a pattern of abuse. The vast majority of renewal applications are routinely renewed under this standard. If a licensee fails to meet this standard the FCC may still grant renewal on terms and conditions that it deems appropriate, including a monetary forfeiture or renewal for a term less than the normal eight-year period.
During certain limited periods after a renewal application is filed, interested parties, including members of the public, may file petitions to deny a renewal application, to which the licensee/renewal applicant is entitled to respond. After reviewing the pleadings, if the FCC determines that there is a substantial and material question of fact whether granting the renewal application would serve the public interest, the FCC is required to hold a trial-type hearing on the issues presented. If, after the hearing, the FCC determines that the renewal applicant has met the renewal standard the FCC must grant the renewal application. If the licensee/renewal applicant fails to meet the renewal standard or show that there are mitigating factors entitling it to renewal subject to appropriate sanctions, the FCC can deny the renewal application. In the vast majority of cases where a petition to deny is filed against a renewal, the FCC ultimately grants the renewal without a hearing.
No competing application for authority to operate a station and replace the incumbent licensee may be filed against a renewal application unless the FCC first determines that the incumbent licensee is not entitled to license renewal.
In addition to considering rule violations in connection with a license renewal application, the FCC may sanction a station operator for failing to observe FCC rules and policies during the license term, including the imposition of a monetary forfeiture.
The FCC prohibits the assignment or the transfer of control of a broadcasting licensee without prior FCC approval.
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Ownership Matters. The FCC has rules which establish limits on the ownership of broadcast stations. The ownership limits apply only to attributable interests in a station licensee held by an individual, corporation, partnership or other entity. In the case of corporations, officers, directors and voting stock interests of five percent or more (twenty percent or more in the case of qualified investment companies, such as insurance companies and bank trust departments) are considered attributable interests. For partnerships, all general partners and non-insulated limited partners are attributable. Limited liability companies are treated the same as partnerships. The FCC also considers attributable the holder of more than thirty-three percent of a licensees total assets (defined as total debt plus total equity), if that person or entity also provides over fifteen percent of the stations total weekly broadcast programming or has an attributable interest in another media entity in the same market which is subject to the FCCs ownership rules, such as a radio or television station, or daily newspaper.
Local Ownership (Duopoly Rule). Prior to August 1999, no party could have attributable interests in two television stations if those stations had overlapping service areas (which generally meant one station per market), although the FCC did not attribute local marketing agreements involving a second station with an overlapping service area. In August 1999, the FCC adopted new rules which allowed the ownership of two stations in a single market (defined using A.C. Nielsen Companys DMAs) if (1) the two stations do not have overlapping service areas, or (2) after the combination there are at least eight independently owned and operating full-power television stations and one of the commonly owned stations is not ranked among the top four stations in the DMA. The FCC will consider waivers of the rule to permit the ownership of a second market station in cases where the second station is failed, failing or unbuilt. Absent these circumstances ownership of only one television station in a market is permitted. Satellite stations were an exception to the prior FCC local ownership/duopoly rules and remain an exception under the new rules.
The FCC now attributes and counts towards the local ownership limits another in-market station that a station owner operates pursuant to a local marketing agreement if it provides more than 15% of the second stations weekly broadcast programming. However, local marketing agreements entered into prior to November 5, 1996, are exempt from attribution for approximately five years from the adoption of the revised rule (which was adopted in 1999); this grandfathered period is subject to possible extension. Parties to local marketing agreements entered into on or after November 5, 1996, that would result in attribution of two stations in a market in violation of the ownership limits had until August 5, 2001, to come into compliance with the new ownership rules. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has remanded this rule to the FCC for further consideration with respect to the number of media voices that must remain in the market to allow a duopoly. On September 12, 2002, the FCC initiated an omnibus rulemaking proceeding in which it is considering revisions to this rule. Comments were due in this rulemaking proceeding by January 2, 2003, and reply comments by February 3, 2003. This proceeding is now under consideration by the FCC.
In the Erie market, Nexstar provides more than 15% of the programming to our station under a time brokerage agreement. The time brokerage agreement was entered into prior to November 5, 1996. Therefore, it is grandfathered under the FCCs ownership rules and we and Nexstar may continue to operate under the terms of that agreement until at least 2004.
National Ownership. There is no nationwide limit on the number of television stations which a party may own. However, no party may have an attributable interest in television stations which, in the aggregate, cover more than 35.0% of all U.S. television households. In calculating the nationwide audience coverage, the ownership of UHF stations is counted as 50.0% of a markets percentage of the total national audience. The stations we own have a combined national audience reach of less than 1% of television households. On February 19, 2002, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacated the FCCs decision not to modify or repeal this rule and remanded this rule to the FCC for further consideration. The National Association of Broadcasters and the FCC filed with the Court of Appeals a request for rehearing or rehearing en banc of this decision. The Court of Appeals denied rehearing. Revisions to this rule are now under consideration in the FCCs omnibus rulemaking proceeding on broadcast ownership referred to above.
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Radio/Television Cross-Ownership Rule. The one-to-a-market rule limits the common ownership or control of radio and television stations in the same market. In August 1999, the FCC amended its rules to increase the number of stations that may be commonly owned, subject to standards based on the number of independently owned media voices that would remain in the market after the combination. In markets with at least twenty independently owned media outlets, ownership of one television station and up to seven radio stations, or two television stations (if allowed under the television duopoly rule) and six radio stations is permitted. If the number of independently owned media outlets is fewer than twenty but greater than or equal to ten, ownership of one television station (or two if allowed) and four radio stations is permitted. In markets with fewer than ten independent media voices, ownership of one television station (or two if allowed) and one radio station is permitted. In calculating the number of independent media voices, the FCC includes all radio and television stations, independently owned cable systems (counted as one voice if cable is generally available in the market), and independently owned daily newspapers which have circulation that exceeds five percent of the households in the market. When the FCC adopted the new one-to-a-market limits in August 1999, it eliminated the waiver policy that previously applied for failed stations.
Local Television/Newspaper Cross-Ownership Rule. The FCC prohibits any party from having an attributable interest in a television station and a daily newspaper if the television stations Grade A signal contour encompasses the entire community in which the newspaper is published. In September, 2001, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rule Making in which the FCC proposed to eliminate its local television/daily newspaper cross-ownership prohibition. Comments were filed in December 2001 and reply comments were due February 15, 2002. However, the FCC has consolidated this proceeding with its omnibus proceeding that began on September 12, 2002.
Cable Must-Carry or Retransmission Consent Rights. Every three years television broadcasters are required to make an election whether they choose to exercise their must-carry or retransmission consent rights in connection with the carriage of their analog signal on cable television systems within their DMA. The most recent election was made October 1, 2002, and is effective for the three-year period beginning January 1, 2003. The next election date is October 1, 2005, for the three-year period beginning January 1, 2006.
If a broadcaster chooses to exercise its must-carry rights, it may request cable system carriage on its over-the-air channel or another channel on which it was carried on the cable system as of a specified date. A cable system generally must carry the stations signal in compliance with the stations carriage request, and in a manner that makes the signal available to all cable subscribers. However, must-carry rights are not absolute, and whether a cable system is required to carry the station on its system, or in the specific manner requested, depends on variables such as the location, size and number of activated channels of the cable system and whether the stations programming duplicates, or substantially duplicates the programming of another station carried on the cable system. If certain conditions are met, a cable system may decline to carry a television station that has elected must-carry status, although it is unusual for all the required conditions to exist.
If a broadcaster chooses to exercise its retransmission consent rights, a cable television system which is subject to that election may not carry the stations signal without the stations consent. This generally requires the cable system and television station operator to negotiate the terms under which the television station will consent to the cable systems carriage of the station.
WYOU has elected to exercise its retransmission consent rights rather than must-carry status, and has negotiated retransmission consent agreements with cable television systems in its market. The terms of these agreements, which have a three year term, provide for the carriage of the stations signals. WFXP has opted for must-carry status.
Direct-to-Home Satellite Services and Must-Carry. In November 1999, Congress enacted the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999, or SHVIA. This statute requires providers of direct broadcast satellite services such as DirecTV and EchoStar, by January 1, 2002, to carry upon request the signals of all local
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television stations in a DMA in which the satellite service provider is carrying at least one local television stations signal. Until January 1, 2002, satellite service providers were allowed (but not required) to retransmit a local stations signal within its market upon that stations consent. Satellite providers also may provide network service from a station outside a local market to subscribers in the market who are unserved by a local station affiliated with the same network. Unserved generally refers to a satellite subscriber who is unable, using a conventional outdoor rooftop antenna, to receive a Grade B signal of a local network affiliated station. If a subscriber is able to receive a Grade B quality signal from a local network affiliate then, subject to certain exceptions, the subscriber is not eligible to receive that networks programming from an out-of-market affiliate carried on the satellite service.
Prior to January 1, 2002, in those markets where satellite providers had elected to provide carriage of local television stations, such carriage was generally limited to the local affiliates of the major networks, including ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox. As of January 1, 2002, satellite carriers that provide any local-into-local service in a market must carry, upon request, all stations in that market that have elected mandatory carriage, and DBS operators are now providing other local stations in local-into-local markets, including some noncommercial, independent and foreign language stations. A judicial challenge to the SHVIA must-carry requirement was unsuccessful. At this time there is no satellite carriage of any local stations in our markets; however, EchoStar and DirecTV have provided notice that they intend to begin such service in the Wilkes Barre-Scranton market. We cannot state when or if such carriage will commence.
In November 2000, the FCC adopted rules implementing the requirements of SHVIA. These include requiring commercial television stations to elect between retransmission consent and must-carry status. The first election, which was to be made by July 1, 2001, for carriage to commence January 1, 2002, is for a four-year period. Beginning in 2006, the cable and satellite election periods will coincide and occur every three years. Market areas are based on Nielsens DMAs. Satellite carriers are not required to carry duplicative network signals from a local market unless the stations are licensed to different communities in different states. Satellite carriers are required to carry all local television stations in a contiguous manner on their channel line-up and may not discriminate in their carriage of stations.
Digital Television. Advanced television is a DTV transmission system that delivers video and audio signals of higher quality (including high definition television) than the existing analog transmission system. DTV also has substantial capabilities for multiplexing (the broadcast of several programs concurrently) and data transmission. The FCC assigned new advanced television channels to existing broadcast stations in the first half of 1997. For each licensed television station, the FCC allocated a matching DTV channel (which is different from the stations analog channel). In general, the DTV channels assigned to television stations are intended to allow stations to have their DTV coverage area replicate their analog coverage area. However, there are a number of variables which will ultimately determine the extent to which a stations DTV operation will provide such replication. Under certain circu