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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

 


 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

x   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

       for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001

 

 

¨   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

       for the transition period from                 to                 .

 

 

Commission File Number: 333-62916-02

 

 


 

 

MISSION BROADCASTING OF WICHITA FALLS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Delaware

 

51-0388022

(State of Organization or Incorporation)

 

(IRS Employer Identification No.)

409 Lackawanna Avenue
Scranton, PA 18503

 

(570) 961-2222

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

 

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 

 

 

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

None

 

 

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

 

None

 

 


 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that it was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x    No  ¨

 

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨    No  x

 

As of December 31, 2001, Mission Broadcasting of Wichita Falls, Inc. had one shareholder, David S. Smith. Mr. Smith had 1,000 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

 


 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         

Page


PART I

         

ITEM 1.

  

BUSINESS

  

2

ITEM 2.

  

PROPERTIES

  

15

ITEM 3.

  

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

  

15

ITEM 4.

  

SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

  

15

PART II

         

ITEM 5.

  

MARKET FOR COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

  

16

ITEM 6.

  

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

  

16

ITEM 7.

  

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

  

17

ITEM 7A.

  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

  

22

ITEM 8.

  

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

  

22

ITEM 9.

  

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

  

22

PART III

         

ITEM 10.

  

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

  

23

ITEM 11.

  

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

  

23

ITEM 12.

  

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

  

23

ITEM 13.

  

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

  

23

PART IV

         

ITEM 14.

  

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

  

25

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

  

F-1

Index to Exhibits

  

E-1

 

i


 

General

 

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and unless the context indicates otherwise, “Mission” refers to Mission Broadcasting of Wichita Falls, Inc., and its respective subsidiaries. Mission has entered into shared services and joint sales agreements on behalf of its stations with television stations owned by Nexstar Finance, L.L.C. (“Nexstar”) and its respective subsidiaries, but Mission does not own any of the equity interests in Nexstar. For a description of the relationship between Mission and Nexstar, see “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.”

 

There are 210 generally recognized television markets, known as Designated Market Areas, or DMAs, in the United States. DMAs are ranked in size according to various factors based upon actual or potential audience. DMA rankings contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are from the Nielsen Station Index dated November 2001 as estimated by the A.C. Nielsen Company as published in BIA Investing in Television, 4th ed. 2001.

 

Unless the context indicates otherwise: (1) data relating to market rank, television household data and audience share are from The Neilsen Station Index for Sunday to Saturday, 7:00 AM to 1:00AM dated November 2001 and (2) the term “station” or “commercial station” means a television broadcast station and does not include non-commercial television stations, cable program services or networks (for example, CNN, MTV and ESPN) or stations that do not meet the minimum Nielsen reporting standards (for example, weekly cumulative audience share of at least 2.5% for Sunday to Saturday, 7:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.); and (3) the term “independent” describes a commercial television station that is not affiliated with the ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox, WB, PAX or UPN television networks.

 

Reference is made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the following trademarks/tradenames which are owned by the third parties referenced in parentheses: Spin City, Frasier (Paramount Distribution); Friends (Warner Brothers Domestic Television Distribution, a division of Time Warner Entertainment Co. LP); The Simpsons (20th Century Fox Film Corporation); Third Rock from the Sun (Carsey Werner Distribution LLC); Just Shoot Me, Seinfeld (Columbia Tristar Television Distribution, a unit of Sony Pictures); Oprah, Jeopardy (King World Productions, Inc.).

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including: any projections or expectations of earnings, revenues, financial performance, liquidity and capital resources or other financial items; any assumptions or projections about the television broadcastings industry, any statements of our plans, strategies and objectives for our future operations; any statements concerning proposed new products, services or developments; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; any statements of belief; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements may include the words “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “intend,” “continue,” “believe,” “expect” or “anticipate” and other similar words.

 

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ from a projection or assumption in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements are subject to change and inherent risks and uncertainties discussed under Item 1. “Business—Risks Related to Our Business” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are made only as of the date hereof, and we do not have or undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or subsequent events or circumstances unless otherwise required by law.

 

 

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PART I

 

Item 1.    Business

 

Overview

 

Mission was incorporated in 1998. Mission commenced operations on June 1, 1999 with its acquisition of two television stations located in Wichita Falls, Texas. Mission currently owns KJTL, a Fox affiliated station, and KJBO-LP, a low-power UPN affiliated station. The Fox and UPN stations are operated under a shared services agreement and a joint sales agreement with Nexstar. In December 2001, Mission Broadcasting of Joplin, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mission, entered into a time brokerage agreement with Gocom Broadcasting of Joplin, L.L.C. to provide certain programming to and sell the advertising time of KODE, the ABC affiliate in Joplin, Missouri, pending the acquisition of the station’s assets, which closed on September 30, 2002. The purchase price for the assets was $14.0 million and was financed under our senior credit facility.

 

Through local service agreements with Nexstar, Mission is provided various management, sales or other services. Additionally, through a time brokerage agreement, Mission Broadcasting of Joplin, Inc. provided most of the programming and administrative services for KODE pending the purchase of KODE’s assets from Gocom Broadcasting of Joplin, L.L.C. in September 2002. KJTL and KJBO-LP have entered into a shared services agreement with Nexstar, which allows the sharing of services including news production, technical maintenance and security, in exchange for a monthly service fee calculated based on the cash flow of the stations. Through a joint sales agreement, Mission also allows Nexstar to sell and receive the revenues from the advertising time of KJTL and KJBO-LP in return for monthly payments.

 

In addition to providing us with certain services, Nexstar also guarantees our debt. We are a guarantor of the senior credit facilities entered into by and the senior subordinated notes issued by Nexstar.

 

Our shareholder, David S. Smith, has granted Nexstar purchase options, which were amended on October 18, 2002, on each station to acquire its assets and liabilities for consideration equal to the greater of (1) seven times the station’s broadcast cash flow less the amount of indebtedness as defined in the option agreement or (2) the amount of its indebtedness. These option agreements are freely exercisable or assignable by Nexstar without consent or approval by our shareholder.

 

As a result of the service arrangements, the debt guarantees and the option agreements, Nexstar is deemed to have a controlling financial interest in us under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) while complying with the FCC’s rules regarding ownership limits in television markets. In order for Nexstar and us to continue to comply with FCC regulations, we must maintain complete responsibility for and control over programming, finances, personnel and operations of our stations.

 

We are a corporation formed in 1998. Our principal accounting offices are at 409 Lackawanna Ave., Scranton, PA 18503. Our telephone number is (570) 961-2222.

 

Business Strategy

 

In Wichita Falls, Texas-Lawton, Oklahoma, we have a shared services agreement with Nexstar dated as of June 1, 1999, which has an initial term of 10 years. Under this agreement, we agreed to share the costs of certain services that Nexstar’s KFDX and our stations, KJTL and KJBO-LP, individually incur. These shared services include news production, technical maintenance and security, among other services, but do not include the services of senior management personnel, programming or sales. In consideration of certain services provided to KJTL and KJBO-LP by KFDX personnel, we pay Nexstar a monthly service fee, calculated based on the cash flow of KJTL and KJBO-LP.

 

We also have a joint sales agreement dated as of June 1, 1999 for the sale of commercial time, which has an initial term of 10 years. Nexstar sells the advertising time on KJTL and KJBO-LP and retains the advertising revenue, in return for payments to us of $0.1 million per month, subject to adjustment to assure that each payment equals Mission’s actual operating costs plus $10.0 thousand per month.

 

In Joplin, Missouri-Pittsburg, Kansas, Mission and Gocom Broadcasting of Joplin, L.L.C. were parties to a time brokerage agreement dated December 31, 2001 whereby Mission provided services for KODE, the ABC affiliate in Joplin, Missouri. This agreement allowed us to program most of KODE’s broadcast time, sell the station’s advertising time and retain advertising revenue in return for a monthly fee paid to Gocom Broadcasting of Joplin, L.L.C. The same parties entered into a purchase and sale agreement for us to purchase substantially all of the assets of KODE. The purchase price for the assets was $14.0 million and was financed under our revolving credit facility. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, in December 2001, we made a down payment of $6.0 million against the purchase price. The FCC approved this transaction and the closing date was September 30, 2002. The time brokerage agreement was terminated upon the closing of the acquisition.

 

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Our Stations

 

The following chart sets forth general information about the stations we own or operate under a time brokerage agreement:

 

Station


 

Market


  

Market Rank


  

Affiliation


  

Station Rank(1)


    

Commercial Stations in Market(2)


KJTL(3)

 

Wichita Falls, TX-Lawton, OK

  

141

  

Fox

  

4

    

4

KJBO-LP(3)

 

Wichita Falls, TX-Lawton, OK

  

141

  

UPN

  

NA

    

4

KODE(4)

 

Joplin, MO-Pittsburg, KS

  

142

  

ABC

  

2

    

3


(1)   Station ranking in market is determined by audience shares from November 2001.
(2)   The term “commercial station” means a television broadcast station and does not include non-commercial television stations, cable program services or networks, or stations that do not meet the minimum Nielsen reporting standards.
(3)   Owned by Mission and operated under a shared services agreement and joint sales agreement with Nexstar.
(4)   Owned by a subsidiary of Gocom Holdings, LLC and operated under a time brokerage agreement with Mission Broadcasting of Joplin, Inc.

 

Wichita Falls, TX—Lawton, OK

 

Market Profile.    Wichita Falls, Texas-Lawton, Oklahoma is the 141st-largest DMA in the United States, with a population of approximately 431,000 and 158,000 television households as of December 31, 2001. Cable penetration in the Wichita Falls-Lawton market is estimated to be 62% as of December 31, 2001. The Wichita Falls-Lawton television market is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.9% from 2001 to 2005. Average household income is estimated to be $36,778 as of December 31, 2001.

 

KJTL  

 

Station Profile.    We acquired KJTL, a Fox affiliate, in June 1999. For the November 2001 ratings period, KJTL ranked fourth in its market, with an audience share of 6.0%. The station’s syndicated programming includes Frasier, Friends and Simpsons.

 

KJBO-LP  

 

Station Profile.    We acquired KJBO-LP, a UPN affiliate, in June 1999. The station’s syndicated programming includes Spin City, Third Rock from the Sun and Just Shoot Me.

 

Joplin, MO—Pittsburg, KS

 

Market Profile.    Joplin, Missouri-Pittsburg, Kansas is the 142nd-largest DMA in the United States, with a population of approximately 393,000 and 156,000 television households as of December 31, 2001. Cable penetration in the Joplin-Pittsburg market is estimated to be 54% as of December 31, 2001. The Joplin-Pittsburg television market is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.7% from 2001 to 2005. Average household income is estimated to be $34,172 as of December 31, 2001.

 

KODE  

 

Station Profile.    We entered into a time brokerage agreement with Gocom Broadcasting of Joplin, L.L.C. in December 2001 to provide certain programming and sell the advertising time on KODE, an ABC affiliate, pending the acquisition of its assets, which closed on September 30, 2002. In April 2002, we entered into a shared services agreement with Nexstar, whereby Nexstar-owned KSNF provides certain services to KODE. For the November 2001 ratings period, KODE ranked second in its market, with an audience share of 15.0%. The station’s syndicated programming includes Seinfeld, Jeopardy and Oprah.

 

 

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Industry Background

 

The Television Broadcasting Industry

 

Commercial television broadcasting began in the United States on a regular basis in the 1940s. There are a limited number of channels available for broadcasting in any one geographic area. Television stations can be distinguished by the frequency on which they broadcast. Television stations that broadcast over the very high frequency or VHF band (channels 2-13) of the spectrum generally have some competitive advantage over television stations which broadcast over the ultra-high frequency or UHF band (channels above 13) of the spectrum because the former usually have better signal coverage and operate at a lower transmission cost. However, the improvement of UHF transmitters and receivers, the complete elimination from the marketplace of VHF-only receivers and the expansion of cable television systems have reduced the VHF signal advantage. Any disparity between VHF and UHF is likely to diminish even further in the coming era of digital television.

 

The Market for Television Programming

 

All television stations in the country are grouped by A.C. Nielsen Company, a national audience measuring service, into 210 generally recognized television markets, known as designated market areas, or DMAs, that are ranked in size according to various metrics based upon actual or potential audience. Each DMA is determined as an exclusive geographic area consisting of all counties in which the home-market commercial stations receive the greatest percentage of total viewing hours. Nielsen periodically publishes data on estimated audiences for the television stations in the various television markets throughout the country. The estimates are expressed in terms of the station’s “rating,” which is a percentage of the total potential audience in the market viewing a station, or the station’s “share,” which is the percentage of the audience actually watching television. Nielsen provides this data on the basis of local television households and selected demographic groupings in the market. Nielsen uses two methods of determining a station’s ability to attract viewers. In larger geographic markets, ratings are determined by a combination of meters connected directly to selected television sets and weekly diaries of television viewing, while in smaller markets only weekly diaries are completed.

 

Whether or not a station is affiliated with one of the four major networks (NBC, ABC, CBS or Fox) has a significant impact on the composition of the station’s revenues, expenses and operations. A typical network affiliate receives the majority of its programming each day from the network. This programming, along with cash payments in some cases, is provided to the affiliate by the network in exchange for a substantial majority of the advertising time during network programs. The network then sells this advertising time and retains the revenues. The affiliate retains the revenues from the time sold during breaks in and between network programs and programs the affiliate produces or purchases from non-network sources.

 

Broadcast television stations compete for advertising revenues primarily with other broadcast television stations, and to a lesser extent, with radio stations and cable system operators serving the same market. Non-commercial, religious and Spanish-language broadcasting stations in many markets compete with commercial stations for viewers. In addition, the Internet and other leisure activities may draw viewers away from commercial stations.

 

Developments in the Television Market

 

Through the 1970s, network television broadcasting enjoyed virtual dominance in viewership and television advertising revenue because network-affiliated stations competed only with each other in most local markets. Beginning in the 1980s and continuing through the 1990s, however, this level of dominance changed as more local stations were authorized by the FCC and marketplace choices expanded with the growth of independent stations, new networks such as UPN, WB and PAX, and cable television services.

 

Cable television systems, which grew at a rapid rate beginning in the early 1970s, were initially used to retransmit broadcast television programming to paying subscribers in areas with poor broadcast signal reception. In the aggregate, cable-originated programming has emerged as a significant competitor for viewers of broadcast television programming. With the increase in cable penetration in the 1980s and 1990s, the advertising share of cable networks has increased. Notwithstanding these increases in cable viewership and advertising, over-the-air broadcasting remains the primary distribution system for mass market television advertising. Basic cable penetration (the percentage of television households which are connected to a cable system) in the television markets in which we operate ranges from 54%-62%.

 

In acquiring programming to supplement network programming, network affiliates compete with other broadcasting stations in their markets. Cable systems generally do not compete with local stations for programming. In the past, the cost of programming increased dramatically, primarily because of an increase in the number of new independent stations and a shortage of desirable programming. Recently, however, program prices have stabilized as a result of increases in the supply of programming.

 

The FCC finalized its allotment of new advanced television channels to existing broadcast stations in the first half of 1998. Advanced television is a digital television, or DTV, transmission system that delivers improved video and audio signals including

 

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high definition television and also has substantial multiplexing and data transmission capabilities. For each licensed television station, the FCC has allocated a matching DTV channel. Under current FCC guidelines, all commercial television station operators were to complete construction of and begin broadcasting with their digital transmission systems no later than May 1, 2002, unless an extension of time was granted. Network affiliated stations in the top 10 markets were required to begin digital broadcasting by May 1999, and in the top 30 markets by November 1, 1999. By the end of 2006, the FCC expects television broadcasters to cease non-digital broadcasting and return one of their channels to the U.S. government, provided that 85.0% of households within the relevant DMA have the capability to receive a digital signal.

 

Advertising Sales

 

General

 

Television station revenues are primarily derived from the sale of local and national advertising and, to a lesser extent, from network compensation and revenues from studio rental and commercial production activities. Television stations compete for advertising revenues primarily with other broadcast television stations, radio stations, cable system operators and programmers, and newspapers serving the same market.

 

All network-affiliated stations are required to carry spot advertising sold by their networks, which reduces the amount of advertising spots available for sale by our stations. Except for stations operated under a joint sales agreement, our stations sell all of the remaining advertising to be inserted in network programming and all of the advertising in non-network programming, retaining all of the revenues received from these sales. A national syndicated program distributor will often retain a portion of the available advertising time for programming it supplies in exchange for no fees or reduced fees charged to the stations for such programming. These programming arrangements are referred to as barter programming.

 

Advertisers wishing to reach a national audience usually purchase time directly from the networks, or advertise nationwide on a case-by-case basis. National advertisers who wish to reach a particular regional or local audience often buy advertising time directly from local stations through national advertising sales representative firms. Local businesses purchase advertising time directly from the stations’ local sales staffs.

 

Advertising rates are based upon a program’s popularity among the viewers that an advertiser wishes to target, the number of advertisers competing for the available time, the size and the demographic composition of the market served by the station, the availability of alternative advertising media in the market area, and the effectiveness of the stations’ sales force. Advertising rates are also determined by a station’s overall ability to attract viewers in its market area, as well as the station’s ability to attract viewers among particular demographic groups that an advertiser may be targeting. Advertising revenues are positively affected by strong local economies, national and regional political election campaigns, and certain events such as the Olympic Games or the Super Bowl. Because television broadcast stations rely on advertising revenues, declines in advertising budgets, particularly in recessionary periods, adversely affect the broadcast industry, and as a result may contribute to a decrease in the revenues of broadcast television stations.

 

Local Sales

 

Local advertising time is sold by each station’s local sales staff, who call upon advertising agencies and local businesses, which typically include car dealerships, retail stores and restaurants. Compared to revenues from national advertising accounts, revenues from local advertising are generally more stable and more controllable.

 

National Sales

 

National advertising time is sold through national sales representative firms, which call upon advertising agencies, whose clients typically include automobile manufacturers and dealer groups, telecommunications companies, fast food franchisers, and national retailers (some of which may advertise locally).

 

Network Affiliations

 

Each of our stations is affiliated with its network pursuant to an affiliation agreement. KJTL is affiliated with Fox, and KJBO-LP is affiliated with UPN. KODE, owned by a subsidiary of Gocom Holdings, L.L.C. and operated under a time brokerage agreement by us, is affiliated with ABC.

 

Each affiliation agreement provides the affiliated station with the right to broadcast all programs transmitted by the network with which it is affiliated. In exchange, the network has the right to sell a substantial majority of the advertising time during these broadcasts. ABC pays a fee for each hour of network programming KODE broadcasts, which varies with the time of day.

 

 

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Our Fox affiliation agreement for KJTL expires on June 30, 2006. Our UPN affiliation agreement for KJBO-LP expires on September 1, 2004; however, UPN may cancel this affiliation agreement at any time with 30 days prior written notice. The ABC affiliation agreement for KODE expires in December 2007.

 

Competition

 

Competition in the television industry takes place on several levels: competition for audience, competition for programming (including news) and competition for advertisers. Additional factors that are material to a television station’s competitive position include signal coverage and assigned frequency. The broadcasting industry is continually faced with technological change and innovation, the possible rise in popularity of competing entertainment and communications media, and governmental restrictions or actions of federal regulatory bodies, including the FCC and the Federal Trade Commission, any of which could have a material effect on our operations.

 

Audience.    Stations compete for viewership generally against other leisure activities in which one could choose to engage rather than watch television. Broadcast stations compete for audience share specifically on the basis of program popularity, which has a direct effect on advertising rates. A portion of the daily programming on our stations is supplied by the network with which each station is affiliated. In those periods, the stations are dependent upon the performance of the network programs in attracting viewers. Our stations program non-network time periods with a combination of news, public affairs and other entertainment programming, including syndicated programs purchased for cash, cash and barter, or barter only. A majority of the daily programming on our Fox and UPN affiliated stations consists of programming of this kind.

 

Through the 1970s, network television broadcasting enjoyed virtual dominance in viewership and television advertising revenues because network-affiliated stations competed only with each other in most local markets. However, the development of methods of video transmission other than over-the-air broadcasting, and in particular the growth of cable television, has significantly altered competition for audience share in the television industry. These other transmission methods can increase competition for a broadcasting station by bringing into its market distant broadcasting signals not otherwise available to the station’s audience. Other sources of competition include home entertainment systems, such as VCRs, DVDs and television game devices. Transmission of video programming over broadband Internet may be a future source of competition to television broadcasters.

 

Although cable television systems were initially used to retransmit broadcast television programming to subscribers in areas with poor broadcast signal reception, significant increases in cable television penetration occurred throughout the 1970s and 1980s in areas that did not have signal reception problems. As the technology of satellite program delivery to cable systems advanced in the late 1970s, development of programming for cable television accelerated dramatically, resulting in the emergence of multiple, national-scale program alternatives and the rapid expansion of cable television and higher subscriber growth rates. Historically, cable operators have not sought to compete with broadcast stations for a share of the local news audience. Recently, however, certain cable operators have elected to compete for these audiences, and the increased competition could have an adverse effect on our advertising revenues.

 

Further advances in technology may increase competition for household audiences and advertisers. Video compression techniques, now under development for use with current cable channels or direct broadcast satellites, are expected to reduce the bandwidth required for television signal transmission. These compression techniques, as well as other technological developments, are applicable to all video delivery systems, including over-the-air broadcasting, and have the potential to provide vastly expanded programming to highly targeted audiences. Reduction in the cost of creating additional channel capacity could lower entry barriers for new channels and encourage the development of increasingly specialized “niche” programming. This ability to reach very narrowly defined audiences is expected to alter the competitive dynamics for advertising expenditures. We are unable to predict the effect that these or other technological changes will have on the broadcast television industry or on the future results of our operations.

 

Programming.    Competition for programming involves negotiating with national program distributors or syndicators that sell first-run and rerun packages of programming. Our stations compete against in-market broadcast station operators for exclusive access to off-network reruns (such as Friends) and first-run product (such as Oprah) in their respective markets. Cable systems generally do not compete with local stations for programming, although various national cable networks from time to time have acquired programs that would have otherwise been offered to local television stations. AOL/Time Warner, Inc., Viacom Communications, Inc. and The News Corporation Limited, each of which has a television network, also own or control major production studios, which are the primary source of programming for the networks. It is uncertain whether in the future such programming, which is generally subject to short-term agreements between the studios and the networks, will be moved to the new networks. Television broadcasters also compete for non-network programming unique to the markets they serve. As such, stations strive to provide exclusive news stories, unique features such as investigative reporting and coverage of community events and to secure broadcast rights for regional and local sporting events.

 

 

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Advertising.    Advertising rates are based upon a number of factors including:

 

    the size of the market in which the station operates;

 

    a program’s popularity among the viewers that an advertiser wishes to attract;

 

    the number of advertisers competing for the available time;

 

    the demographic makeup of the market served by the station;

 

    the availability of alternative advertising media in the market area;

 

    the effectiveness of the sales forces; and

 

    development of projects, features and programs that tie advertiser messages to programming.

 

In addition to competing with other media outlets for audience share, our stations compete for advertising revenues with:

 

    other television stations in their respective markets; and

 

    other advertising media, such as newspapers, radio stations, magazines, outdoor advertising, transit advertising, yellow page directories, direct mail, local cable systems and the Internet.

 

Competition for advertising dollars in the broadcasting industry occurs primarily within individual markets. Generally, a television broadcasting station in a particular market does not compete with stations in other market areas.

 

Federal Regulation of Television Broadcasting

 

The following is a brief discussion of certain provisions of the Communications Act of 1934 (“Communications Act”), as amended, and the FCC’s regulations and policies that affect the business operations of television broadcasting stations. For more information about the nature and extent of the FCC regulation of television broadcasting stations you should refer to the Communications Act and FCC’s rules, public notices, and rulings. Over the years, Congress and the FCC have added, amended and deleted statutory and regulatory requirements to which station owners are subject. Some of these changes have a minimal business impact whereas others may significantly affect the business or operation of individual stations or the broadcast industry as a whole. The following discussion summarizes statutory and regulatory requirements and policies currently in effect.

 

License Grant and Renewal.    Television broadcast licenses are granted for a maximum term of eight years and are subject to renewal upon application to the FCC. The FCC is required to grant an application for license renewal if during the preceding term the station served the public interest, the licensee did not commit any serious violations of the Communications Act or the FCC’s rules, and the licensee committed no other violations of the Communications Act or the FCC’s rules which, taken together, would constitute a pattern of abuse. The vast majority of renewal applications are routinely renewed under this standard. If a licensee fails to meet this standard the FCC may still grant renewal on terms and conditions that it deems appropriate, including a monetary forfeiture or renewal for a term less than the normal eight-year period.

 

During certain limited periods after a renewal application is filed, interested parties, including members of the public, may file petitions to deny a renewal application, to which the licensee/renewal applicant is entitled to respond. After reviewing the pleadings, if the FCC determines that there is a substantial and material question of fact whether granting of the renewal application would serve the public interest, the FCC is required to hold a trial-type hearing on the issues presented. If, after the hearing, the FCC determines that the renewal applicant has met the renewal standard the FCC must grant the renewal application. If the licensee/renewal applicant fails to meet the renewal standard or show that there are mitigating factors entitling it to renewal subject to appropriate sanctions, the FCC can deny the renewal application. In the vast majority of cases where a petition to deny is filed against a renewal, the FCC ultimately grants the renewal without a hearing.

 

No competing application for authority to operate a station and replace the incumbent licensee may be filed against a renewal application unless the FCC first determines that the incumbent licensee is not entitled to license renewal.

 

In addition to considering rule violations in connection with a license renewal application, the FCC may sanction a station operator for failing to observe FCC rules and policies during the license term, including the imposition of a monetary forfeiture.

 

The FCC prohibits the assignment or the transfer of control of a broadcasting licensee without prior FCC approval.

 

Ownership Matters.    The FCC has rules which establish limits on the ownership of broadcast stations. The ownership limits apply only to attributable interests in a station licensee held by an individual, corporation, partnership or other entity. In the case of corporations, officers, directors and voting stock interests of five percent or more (twenty percent or more in the case of qualified investment companies, such as insurance companies and bank trust departments) are considered attributable interests.

 

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For partnerships, all general partners and non-insulated limited partners are attributable. Limited liability companies are treated the same as partnerships. The FCC also considers attributable the holder of more than thirty-three percent of a licensee’s total assets (defined as total debt plus total equity), if that person or entity also provides over fifteen percent of the station’s total weekly broadcast programming or has an attributable interest in another media entity in the same market which is subject to the FCC’s ownership rules, such as a radio or television station, or daily newspaper.

 

Local Ownership (Duopoly Rule).    Prior to August 1999, no party could have attributable interests in two television stations if those stations had overlapping service areas (which generally meant one station per market), although the FCC did not attribute local marketing agreements involving a second station with an overlapping service area. In August 1999, the FCC adopted new rules which allowed the ownership of two stations in a single market (defined using A.C. Nielsen Company’s DMAs) if (1) the two stations do not have overlapping service areas, or (2) after the combination there are at least eight independently owned and operating full-power television stations and one of the commonly owned stations is not ranked among the top four stations in the DMA. The FCC will consider waivers of the rule to permit the ownership of a second market station in cases where the second station is failed, failing or unbuilt. Absent these circumstances ownership of only one television station in a market is permitted. “Satellite” stations were an exception to the prior FCC local ownership/duopoly rules and remain an exception under the new rules.

 

The FCC now attributes and counts towards the local ownership limits another in-market station that a station owner operates pursuant to a local marketing agreement if it provides more than 15 percent of the second station’s weekly broadcast programming. However, local marketing agreements entered into prior to November 5, 1996, are exempt from attribution for approximately five years from the adoption of the revised rule (which was adopted in 1999); this “grandfathered” period is subject to possible extension. Parties to local marketing agreements entered into on or after November 5, 1996, that would result in attribution of two stations in a market in violation of the ownership limits had until August 5, 2001, to come into compliance with the new ownership rules. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has remanded this rule to the FCC for further consideration with respect to the number of media “voices” that must remain in the market to allow a duopoly. On September 12, 2002, the FCC initiated an “omnibus” rulemaking proceeding in which it is considering revisions to this rule. Comments were due in this rulemaking proceeding by January 2, 2003, and reply comments by February 3, 2003. This proceeding is now under consideration by the FCC.

 

National Ownership.    There is no nationwide limit on the number of television stations which a party may own. However, no party may have an attributable interest in television stations which, in the aggregate, cover more than 35.0% of all U.S. television households. In calculating the nationwide audience coverage, the ownership of UHF stations is counted as 50.0% of a market’s percentage of the total national audience. The stations we own have a combined national audience reach of less than 1% of television households. On February 19, 2002, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit vacated the FCC’s decision not to modify or repeal this rule and remanded this rule to the FCC for further consideration. The National Association of Broadcasters and the FCC filed with the Court of Appeals a request for rehearing or rehearing en banc of this decision. The Court of Appeals denied rehearing. Revisions to this rule are now under consideration in the FCC’s “omnibus” rulemaking proceeding on broadcast ownership referred to above.

 

Radio/Television Cross-Ownership Rule.    The “one-to-a-market” rule limits the common ownership or control of radio and television stations in the same market. In August 1999, the FCC amended its rules to increase the number of stations that may be commonly owned, subject to standards based on the number of independently owned media voices that would remain in the market after the combination. In markets with at least twenty independently owned media outlets, ownership of one television station and up to seven radio stations, or two television stations (if allowed under the television duopoly rule) and six radio stations is permitted. If the number of independently owned media outlets is fewer than twenty but greater than or equal to ten, ownership of one television station (or two if allowed) and four radio stations is permitted. In markets with fewer than ten independent media voices, ownership of one television station (or two if allowed) and one radio station is permitted. In calculating the number of independent media voices, the FCC includes all radio and television stations, independently owned cable systems (counted as one voice if cable is generally available in the market), and independently owned daily newspapers which have circulation that exceeds five percent of the households in the market. When the FCC adopted the new one-to-a-market limits in August 1999, it eliminated the waiver policy that previously applied for failed stations.

 

Local Television/Newspaper Cross-Ownership Rule.    The FCC prohibits any party from having an attributable interest in a television station and a daily newspaper if the television station’s Grade A signal contour encompasses the entire community in which the newspaper is published. In September, 2001, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rule Making in which the FCC proposed to eliminate its local television/daily newspaper cross-ownership prohibition. Comments were filed in December 2001 and reply comments were due February 15, 2002. However, the FCC has consolidated this proceeding with its “omnibus” proceeding that began on September 12, 2002.

 

Cable “Must-Carry” or Retransmission Consent Rights.    Every three years television broadcasters are required to make an election whether they choose to exercise their “must-carry” or retransmission consent rights in connection with the carriage of

 

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their analog signal on cable television systems within their DMA. The most recent election was made October 1, 2002, and is effective for the three-year period beginning January 1, 2003. The next election date is October 1, 2005, for the three-year period beginning January 1, 2006.

 

If a broadcaster chooses to exercise its must-carry rights, it may request cable system carriage on its over-the-air channel or another channel on which it was carried on the cable system as of a specified date. A cable system generally must carry the station’s signal in compliance with the station’s carriage request, and in a manner that makes the signal available to all cable subscribers. However, must-carry rights are not absolute, and whether a cable system is required to carry the station on its system, or in the specific manner requested, depends on variables such as the location, size and number of activated channels of the cable system and whether the station’s programming duplicates, or substantially duplicates the programming of another station carried on the cable system. If certain conditions are met, a cable system may decline to carry a television station that has elected must-carry status, although it is unusual for all the required conditions to exist.

 

If a broadcaster chooses to exercise its retransmission consent rights, a cable television system which is subject to that election may not carry the station’s signal without the station’s consent. This generally requires the cable system and television station operator to negotiate the terms under which the television station will consent to the cable system’s carriage of the station.

 

We have opted for must-carry status for our stations. KODE has exercised its retransmission consent rights.

 

Direct-to-Home Satellite Services and Must-Carry.     In November 1999, Congress enacted the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act of 1999, or SHVIA. This statute requires providers of direct broadcast satellite services such as DirecTV and EchoStar, by January 1, 2002, to carry upon request the signals of all local television stations in a DMA in which the satellite service provider is carrying at least one local television station’s signal. Until January 1, 2002, satellite service providers were allowed (but not required) to retransmit a local station’s signal within its market upon that station’s consent. Satellite providers also may provide network service from a station outside a local market to subscribers in the market who are “unserved” by a local station affiliated with the same network. Unserved generally refers to a satellite subscriber who is unable, using a conventional outdoor rooftop antenna, to receive a “Grade B” signal of a local network affiliated station. If a subscriber is able to receive a Grade B quality signal from a local network affiliate then, subject to certain exceptions, the subscriber is not eligible to receive that network’s programming from an out-of-market affiliate carried on the satellite service.

 

Prior to January 1, 2002, in those markets where satellite providers had elected to provide carriage of local television stations, such carriage was generally limited to the local affiliates of the major networks, including ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox. As of January 1, 2002, satellite carriers that provide any local-into-local service in a market must carry, upon request, all stations in that market that have elected mandatory carriage, and DBS operators are now providing other local stations in local-into-local markets, including some noncommercial, independent and foreign language stations. A judicial challenge to the SHVIA must-carry requirement was unsuccessful. At this time there is no satellite carriage of any local stations in any of our markets. We cannot state when or if such carriage will commence.

 

In November 2000, the FCC adopted rules implementing the requirements of SHVIA. These include requiring commercial television stations to elect between retransmission consent and must-carry status. The first election, which was to be made by July 1, 2001, for carriage to commence January 1, 2002, is for a four-year period. Beginning in 2006, the cable and satellite election periods will coincide and occur every three years. Market areas are based on Nielsen’s DMAs. Satellite carriers are not required to carry duplicative network signals from a local market unless the stations are licensed to different communities in different states. Satellite carriers are required to carry all local television stations in a contiguous manner on their channel line-up and may not discriminate in their carriage of stations.

 

Digital Television.     Advanced television is a DTV transmission system that delivers video and audio signals of higher quality (including high definition television) than the existing analog transmission system. DTV also has substantial capabilities for multiplexing (the broadcast of several programs concurrently) and data transmission. The FCC assigned new advanced television channels to existing broadcast stations in the first half of 1997. For each licensed television station, the FCC allocated a matching DTV channel (which is different from the station’s analog channel). In general, the DTV channels assigned to television stations are intended to allow stations to have their DTV coverage area replicate their analog coverage area. However, there are a number of variables which will ultimately determine the extent to which a station’s DTV operation will provide such replication. Under certain circumstances, a station’s DTV operation may reduce its geographic coverage area. The introduction of digital television will require consumers to purchase new televisions that are capable of receiving and displaying DTV signals, or adapters to receive DTV signals and convert them to an analog signal for display on their existing receivers.

 

Under current FCC guidelines, all commercial television station operators were to begin broadcasting with DTV transmission systems no later than May 1, 2002 unless an extension of time was granted. Extensions of time to begin digital operations have been granted for KJTL and KODE. Low-power stations did not receive a digital channel assignment. Stations affiliated with the four largest networks (ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox) in the top 10 markets were required to begin digital broadcasting by May 1, 1999, and in the top 30 markets by November 1, 1999. Once a station begins broadcasting its DTV signal, it may broadcast both

 

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its analog and DTV signals until December 31, 2006, after which, subject to certain conditions described below, the FCC expects to reclaim one of the channels and each broadcaster will operate a single DTV channel. Starting April 1, 2003, commercial station operators must simulcast at least 50 percent of the video programming broadcast on their DTV channel. The required simulcast percentage increases annually until April 1, 2005, when an operator must simulcast 100 percent of its programming on its analog and DTV channels.

 

Channels now used for analog broadcasts range from 2 through 69. The FCC designated Channels 2 through 51 as the “core” channels which will be used for DTV broadcasts. However, because of the limited number of available core DTV channels currently available, the FCC assigned many stations DTV channels above Channel 51 (Channels 52 through 69) for use during the transition period from simultaneous digital and analog transmission to DTV only operation. At the end of the transition period, these stations will have to change their DTV operation to one of the DTV core channels. This has created three categories of television stations with respect to their analog and DTV channel assignments: (1) stations with both their analog and DTV channels within the “core” channels; (2) stations with either an analog or DTV channel inside the core and the other outside the core; and (3) stations with both their analog and DTV channels outside the core. KJTL and KODE fall within the first group.

 

Station operators with both their analog and DTV channels inside the core will be required to select which of their assigned channels they will use for permanent DTV operation before the end of the transition period. (The FCC has not set a date for this election.) These operators may elect to continue to use their current DTV channel or switch their DTV operation to their current analog channel. The channel not selected for permanent DTV operation will be returned to the FCC at the end of the transition period. Our stations fall in this category. The FCC has not yet established the permanent DTV channel selection process for stations that have one or both channels outside the DTV core channels.

 

The Communications Act provides that under certain conditions the DTV transition period may be extended beyond December 31, 2006. The transition is to be extended in any market in which one of the following conditions is met: (1) a station licensed to one of the four largest networks (ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox) is not broadcasting a digital signal and that station has qualified for an extension of the FCC’s DTV construction deadline; (2) digital-to-analog converter technology is not generally available in the market; or (3) fifteen percent or more of the television households in the market do not subscribe to a multichannel video programming distributor (cable, direct broadcast satellite) that carries the digital channel of each of the television stations in the market broadcasting a DTV channel, and do not have at least one television receiver capable of receiving the stations’ DTV broadcasts or an analog television receiver equipped with a digital-to-analog converter capable of receiving the stations’ DTV broadcasts. We cannot predict whether conditions will exist in our markets such that the DTV transition period will be extended under any of these provisions.

 

We estimate that the conversion to DTV will require an average initial capital expenditure of approximately $0.2 million per station for low-power transmission of digital signal programming and an average additional capital expenditure of approximately $0.7 million per station to modify the transmission for full-power digital signal programming. In addition, we may have to undertake capital expenditures to modify tower structures and purchase studio and production equipment that can support digital format.

 

With respect to cable system carriage of television stations that are broadcasting both an analog and DTV signal, such stations may choose must-carry status or retransmission consent for their analog signals, but only retransmission consent for their digital signals. Such stations do not presently have the right to assert must-carry rights for both their analog and DTV signals. The FCC has pending a rulemaking proceeding examining whether to allow such stations to assert must-carry rights for both their analog and DTV signals, but has tentatively concluded that it will not do so. The FCC has requested further comments on this issue in order to develop a more complete record before issuing a final decision. If a television station operates only a DTV signal, or returns its analog channel to the FCC and converts to digital operations, it may assert must-carry rights for its DTV signal.

 

The exercise of must-carry rights by a television station for its DTV signal applies only to a single programming stream and other program-related content. If a television station is concurrently broadcasting more than one program stream on its DTV signal it may select which program stream is subject to its must-carry election. Cable systems are not required to carry internet, e-commerce or other ancillary services provided over DTV signals if those services are not related to the station’s primary video programming carried on the cable system. Digital television signals that are carried on a cable system must be available to subscribers on the system’s basic service tier.

 

With respect to direct-to-the-home satellite service providers, the FCC in November 2000 declined to address whether television stations’ must-carry rights as to satellite service providers, which went into effect January 1, 2002, will also apply to stations’ DTV signals. The FCC said it would address this issue at the same time it considers digital carriage issues for cable television.

 

Television station operators may use their DTV signals to provide ancillary services, such as computer software distribution, internet, interactive materials, e-commerce, paging services, audio signals, subscription video, or data transmission services. To

 

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the extent a station provides such ancillary services it is subject to the same regulations as are applicable to other analogous services under the FCC’s rules and policies. Commercial television stations also are required to pay the FCC five percent of the gross revenue derived from all ancillary services provided over their DTV signals for which a station received a fee in exchange for the service or received compensation from a third party in exchange for transmission of material from that third party, not including commercial advertisements used to support broadcasting.

 

Programming and Operation.     The Communications Act requires broadcasters to serve “the public interest.” Since the late 1970s, the FCC gradually has relaxed or eliminated many of the more formalized procedures it had developed to promote the broadcast of certain types of programming responsive to the needs of a station’s community of license. However, television station licensees are still required to present programming that is responsive to community problems, needs and interests and to maintain certain records demonstrating such responsiveness. The FCC may consider complaints from viewers concerning programming when it evaluates a station’s license renewal application, although viewer complaints also may be filed and considered by the FCC at any time. Stations also must follow various rules promulgated under the Communications Act that regulate, among other things:

 

    political advertising;

 

    sponsorship identifications;

 

    contest and lottery advertising;

 

    obscene and indecent broadcasts; and

 

    technical operations, including limits on radio frequency radiation.

 

On November 7, 2002, the FCC adopted new Equal Employment Opportunity (“EEO”) rules, which became effective March 10, 2003. These new rules require broadcasters to provide broad outreach for all full-time (greater than 30 hours per week) job vacancies. In addition, broadcasters with five or more full-time employees must engage in two long-term recruitment initiatives over each two-year period, and broadcasters in larger markets with more than ten full-time employees must engage in four long-term recruitment initiatives every two years. The new EEO rules also impose annual reporting requirements on all broadcast licensees.

 

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 directs the FCC to establish, if the broadcast industry does not do so on a voluntary basis, guidelines and procedures for rating programming that contains sexual, violent, or other indecent material. A multi-industry task force developed a ratings plan which the FCC has ratified. The FCC also has issued rules that require television manufacturers to install appropriate technology, such as a “V-Chip” that can block programming based on an electronically encoded rating, to facilitate the implementation of the ratings guidelines.

 

The FCC imposes restrictions on the terms of network affiliation agreements. Among other things, these rules prohibit a television station from entering into any affiliation agreement that: (i) requires the station to clear time for network programming that the station previously scheduled for other use; and (ii) precludes the preemption of network programs that the station determines are unsuitable for its audience with the substitution of a program the station believes is of greater local or national importance. The FCC is currently reviewing several of its rules governing the relationship between networks and their affiliates. We are unable to predict the outcome of this review.

 

Potential Relaxation of Certain Rules.     Certain of the FCC’s rules and regulations regarding the ownership of television broadcast stations may be relaxed in the future, including the Local Ownership Duopoly Rule, the National Ownership Rule and the Local Television/Newspaper Cross-Ownership Rule. The FCC launched an “omnibus proceeding” to determine whether to relax or eliminate several of its media ownership rules and has included its open proceeding on the Local Television/Newspaper Cross-Ownership Rule in the new proceeding. The FCC anticipates issuing a decision(s) in the omnibus proceeding in 2003.

 

Proposed Legislation and Regulations.    The FCC’s ongoing rulemaking proceedings concerning implementation of the transition from analog to digital television broadcasts and revisions of its media ownership rules are likely to have a significant impact on the television industry and the operation of our stations. In addition, the FCC may decide to initiate other new rulemaking proceedings, on its own or in response to requests from outside parties, any of which might have such an impact. Congress may also act to amend the Communications Act in a manner that could impact our stations or the television broadcast industry generally.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2001, we had a total of 4 employees, including David S. Smith, all of whom were full-time employees. As of December 31, 2001, none of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements.

 

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