UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002. |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from _______ to _______. |
| Commission file number 0-2253 | ||
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| PartnerRe Ltd. | ||
| (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) | ||
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| Bermuda |
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Not Applicable |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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| 96 Pitts Bay Road, Pembroke, Bermuda |
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HM 08 |
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(Zip Code) |
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| (441) 292-0888 | ||
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| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||
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| Title of each class |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
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| Common Shares, $1.00 par value |
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New York Stock Exchange |
| 8% Series A Cumulative Preferred Shares, $1.00 par value |
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New York Stock Exchange |
| 8% Premium Equity Participating Security Units, $1.00 par value |
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New York Stock Exchange |
| PartnerRe Capital Trust I 7.9% Trust Originated |
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New York Stock Exchange |
| Preferred Securities, $1.00 par value |
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| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None | ||
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). x
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2002), was $1,782,824,006 based on the closing sales prices of the Registrants common shares of $48.95 on that date.
The number of the Registrants common shares (par value $1.00 per share) outstanding as of March 18, 2003 was 52,410,108.
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
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Part(s) Into Which |
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2002 Annual Report to Shareholders mailed to shareholders on or about April 10, 2003 (the 2002 Annual Report).
With the exception of the sections of the 2002 Annual Report specifically incorporated by reference herein, the 2002 Annual Report is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K. |
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Part II |
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Proxy Statement to be used in conjunction with the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 22, 2003 (the Proxy
Statement). With the exception of sections of the Proxy Statement specifically incorporated by reference herein, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K. |
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Part III |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Item 1. |
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Item 2. |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
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Item 5. |
Market for Companys Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters |
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Item 6. |
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Item 7. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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Item 7A. |
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Item 8. |
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Item 9. |
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
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Item 10. |
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Item 11. |
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Item 12. |
Security Ownership of Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
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Item 13. |
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Item 14. |
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Item 15. |
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K |
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| ITEM 1. |
General
PartnerRe Ltd. (the Company), incorporated in Bermuda on August 24, 1993, is a leading international reinsurance group. The Company provides multi-line reinsurance to insurance companies on a worldwide basis through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Partner Reinsurance Company Ltd (Partner Reinsurance Company), PartnerRe SA and Partner Reinsurance Company of the U.S. (PartnerRe US). Risks reinsured include, but are not limited to, property, casualty, motor, agriculture, aviation/space, catastrophe, credit/surety, engineering/energy, marine, special risk, other lines and life/annuity and health.
The Company was initially formed to capitalize on a void of capacity in the catastrophe reinsurance market following the significant devastation wrought by Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and the concurrent difficulties being faced by Lloyds of London. After raising nearly $1 billion with its initial public offering, the Company became one of the premier catastrophe reinsurers on a global basis with acknowledged underwriting skills and disciplined risk management principles.
In 1997, recognizing the limits of a continued mono-line strategy, the Company shifted its strategic focus to execute a plan to become a leading multi-line reinsurer. Through both organic growth and strategic acquisitions, the Company moved aggressively to capitalize on the benefits of diversification both in terms of geography and business lines. Consequently, on July 10, 1997, the Company completed the acquisition of PartnerRe SA (formerly SAFR), a well-established global professional reinsurer based in Paris, and on December 23, 1998, the Company completed the acquisition of Winterthur Re, further enhancing the Companys expansion strategy. On August 4, 2000, the Company concluded the sale of PartnerRe Life Insurance Company of the US, and its subsidiaries Republic-Vanguard Life Insurance Company, Investors Insurance Corporation and Investors Marketing Group, Inc. (collectively, PartnerRe Life US), to SCOR Group.
Business Strategy
The Companys business strategy is focused on ensuring that the Company reaches its goals for appropriate profitability. Operating Return on Equity is the metric used to measure the Companys financial results, and consequently the Company has set a goal of 13% Operating Return on Equity over a reinsurance cycle. Accordingly, the Company has adopted the following five-point strategy:
Diversify risk across products and geographies: PartnerRe writes most lines of business in over 120 countries worldwide. The Companys geographic spread of premiums mirrors that of the global reinsurance industry. Management believes diversification is a competitive advantage, which increases return per unit of risk, provides access to reinsurance business opportunities worldwide, and reduces overall volatility of results. The reinsurance business is cyclical, but cycles by line of business and by geography are not perfectly synchronized. Its diversification strategy positions the Company to take advantage of attractive markets anywhere in the world.
Maintain risk appetite moderately above the market: PartnerRe is in the business of assuming risk for an adequate return. The Companys products address accumulation risks, complex coverage issues and large exposures faced by clients. The Companys willingness and ability to provide these coverages make PartnerRe an important reinsurer to many of the worlds insurance companies. The Companys book of business is skewed toward those lines of business and market segments where the potential profitability is greatest. That means a higher proportion of the business written by the Company is in severity lines of business such as casualty, catastrophe, specialized property and aviation, although the Company writes, but tends to de-emphasize, frequency lines of business such as motor, workers compensation and employers liability, which have historically not provided the required level of returns.
Actively manage capital across the portfolio and over the cycle: In order to manage capital across a portfolio and over a cycle, the Company believes two things are critical: an appropriate and common measure of risk adjusted performance and the ability and willingness to redeploy capital for its most efficient and effective use, either within the business or to return to the shareholders. To achieve effective and efficient capital allocation, the Company has an intense focus on operating return on equity. This discipline and focus, supported by strong actuarial and financial analysis, allows the Company to make well-informed decisions at the underwriting and pricing level as well as with respect to the allocation of capital within its portfolio of reinsurance businesses.
Add value through underwriting/transactional excellence: Transactional and underwriting excellence are achieved in three principle ways: through the quality of the Companys people, the structure they operate in, and the effectiveness of various processes and tools. Maintaining continuity and depth in the Companys management, underwriting, actuarial and financial areas
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is critical to this strategy. Equally as important, the Company believes, is organizing its operations around geography, lines of business, distribution or client characteristics and providing and building the right infrastructure to improve its capabilities continually in all transactional areas: underwriting, financial reporting and controls, reserving, pricing and claims.
Utilize internal financial capabilities to achieve superior return: Strong underwriting must be complemented with conservative financial management, careful reserving and superior asset management in order to achieve the Companys targeted returns. The Company is committed to maintaining a strong and transparent balance sheet and achieving superior returns by focusing on three critical financial areas: investments, reserves and capital management.
Reinsurance Operations
General
The Company provides specialized service and risk management solutions for its clients in over 120 countries around the world. Offices are located in Bermuda, Hong Kong, Greenwich (Connecticut), Paris, Santiago, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, Toronto and Zurich. The Companys reinsurance operations are carried out through three main subsidiaries, Partner Reinsurance Company in Bermuda (which also operates branches in Switzerland, Singapore, Hong Kong and Labuan), PartnerRe SA in Paris (which also operates a branch in Canada), and PartnerRe U.S. in Greenwich, Connecticut. Through these subsidiaries, the Company provides reinsurance of non-life (or property-casualty) and life risks of ceding companies (or primary insurers) through treaties or on a facultative basis, on either a proportional or non-proportional basis.
In a proportional reinsurance arrangement (also known as pro rata reinsurance, quota share reinsurance or participating reinsurance), the reinsurer shares a proportional part of the original premiums and losses of the reinsured. The reinsurer pays the ceding company a commission which is generally based on the ceding companys cost of acquiring the business being reinsured (including commissions, premium taxes, assessments and miscellaneous administrative expenses) and may also include a profit.
Non-proportional (or excess of loss) reinsurance indemnifies the reinsured against all or a specified portion of losses on underlying insurance policies in excess of a specified amount, which is called a level or retention. Non-proportional business is written in layers and a reinsurer or group of reinsurers accepts a band of coverage up to a specified amount. The total coverage purchased by the cedent is referred to as a program and is typically placed with predetermined reinsurers in pre-negotiated layers. Any liability exceeding the upper limit of the program reverts to the ceding company.
Facultative reinsurance (proportional or non-proportional) is the reinsurance of individual risks. The reinsurer separately rates and underwrites each risk rather than assuming all or a portion of a class of risks as in the case of treaty reinsurance.
The Companys global multi-line reinsurance business is written across several different lines. Following a realignment of its global operations effective January 1, 2002, the Company changed its reporting segments. The Company monitors the performance of its underwriting operations in two segments: Non-life and Life. The Non-life segment is further broken down into three sub-segments: U.S. Property and Casualty, Global (Non-U.S.) Property and Casualty and Worldwide Specialty. The life segment includes Life, Health and Annuity lines of business.
The U.S. and Global (Non-U.S.) Property and Casualty sub-segments include property and casualty business as well as motor business. These lines are generally written in local markets. The U.S. Property and Casualty sub-segment is comprised of property, casualty and motor risks generally originating in the United States, written by PartnerRe U.S. The Global (Non-U.S.) Property and Casualty sub-segment is comprised of property, casualty and motor business generally originating outside of the United States, written by Partner Reinsurance Company and PartnerRe SA. The Worldwide Specialty sub-segment is comprised of business that is generally considered to be specialized due to the sophisticated technical underwriting required to analyze risks, and is global in nature, inasmuch as appropriate risk management for these lines requires a globally diversified portfolio of risks.
Following is a description of specific lines of business:
Property & Casualty
PropertyProperty business provides reinsurance coverage to insurers for property damage or business interruption losses resulting from fires, catastrophes and other perils covered in industrial and commercial property and homeowners policies and is written predominantly on a treaty proportional basis, and to a lesser degree on a non-proportional and facultative basis. Property reinsurance contracts are generally all risk in nature. The Companys most significant exposure is typically to
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losses from windstorm and earthquake, although the Company is exposed to losses from sources as diverse as freezes, riots, floods, industrial explosions, fires, hail and a number of other potential disasters. The Companys predominant exposure under these property coverages is to property damage. However, other risks, including business interruption and other non-property losses, may also be covered under a property reinsurance contract when arising from a covered peril. In accordance with market practice, the Companys property reinsurance treaties generally exclude certain risks such as war, nuclear, biological and chemical contamination, radiation and environmental pollution.
CasualtyThe Companys casualty business includes third party liability, employers liability, workers compensation and personal accident coverages written on both a proportional and non-proportional basis.
MotorThe Companys motor business includes reinsurance coverages for third party liability and property damage risks arising from both passenger and commercial fleet automobile coverages written by cedents. This business is written predominately on a proportional basis.
Worldwide SpecialtyThis sub-segment consists of several lines of business for which the Company believes it has developed specialized knowledge and underwriting capabilities. These lines of business include agriculture, marine, aviation/space, credit/surety and other lines. Also included in this segment is the Companys historically significant catastrophe business which is written primarily by Partner Reinsurance Company.
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AgricultureThe Company reinsures, on a proportional and non-proportional basis, risks such as flood, drought, hail and disease related to crops, livestock and aquaculture. In February 2000, the Company expanded its agricultural reinsurance service capabilities through the addition of a professional team from Agricultural Risk Management Ltd., a subsidiary of Aon Risk Services. Through this initiative, the Company is responding to growing demand for specialist risk management in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, livestock and aquaculture and reinsurance services in agriculture. |
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Aviation/SpaceThe Company provides specialized reinsurance protection in airline, general aviation and space insurance business. Its space business relates to coverages for satellite assembly, launch and operation for commercial space programs. |
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CatastropheThe Company provides property catastrophe reinsurance protection against the accumulation of losses caused by windstorm, earthquake, flood or by any other natural hazard that is covered under a comprehensive property policy. Through the use of underwriting tools based on proprietary computer models developed by the PartnerResearch team, the Company combines natural science with highly professional underwriting skills, in order to offer capacity at a price commensurate with the risk. |
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Credit/SuretyCredit reinsurance, written primarily on a proportional basis, provides coverage to commercial credit insurers and the surety line relates primarily to bonds and other forms of security written by specialized surety insurers. |
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Engineering/EnergyThe Company provides reinsurance for engineering projects throughout the world on a proportional and non-proportional basis through treaty and facultative arrangements and provides coverage for the on-shore oil and gas industry, mining, power generation and pharmaceutical operations. |
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Marine The Company provides reinsurance protection and technical services relating to marine hull, cargo, transit and offshore oil and gas operations and is written mainly on a proportional basis. |
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Special Risk The Company provides specialized reinsurance protection for large casualty and property risks on a facultative basis. The Special Risks unit is comprised of a team of highly specialized and experienced underwriters who have the capability to understand, anticipate and provide cover for clients future risks, as well as large specialty risks such as heavy industrial property risks and nuclear and terror exposures. In addition to its technical expertise, the Company has the capacity required and the ability to create the appropriate risk management solutions to meet the special needs of its clients. |
Life, Annuity and HealthLife treaties written provide reinsurance coverage with respect to individual and group life and health risks to primary life insurers and pension funds. Annuity treaties provide reinsurance coverage to insurers who issue annuity contracts offering long-term retirement benefits to consumers who seek protection against outliving their financial resources. This business is written on both a proportional and non-proportional basis, primarily through treaty arrangements.
The Companys business is produced both through brokers and through direct relationships with insurance companies. In North America most business is written through intermediaries while in the rest of the world most business is written on a direct basis.
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During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company had two broker relationships which accounted for 10% or more of its gross premiums written. Aon Group accounted for approximately $377 million, or 14% of total gross premiums written which represented 20% of the gross premiums written of the U.S. Property and Casualty segment, 13% of the gross premiums written of the Global (Non-U.S.) Property and Casualty segment, 13% of the gross premiums written of the Worldwide Specialty segment and 4% of the Life segment, respectively. Guy Carpenter, a member of the Marsh & McLennan Group accounted approximately $350 million, or 13% of total gross premiums written which represented 35% of the gross premiums written of the US Property and Casualty segment, 2% of the gross premiums written of the Global (Non-U.S.) Property and Casualty segment, 9% of the gross premiums written of the Worldwide Specialty segment and 2% of the Life segment, respectively.
The Companys business is geographically diversified with premiums being written in over 120 countries. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2002 Annual Report for additional disclosure of the geographic distribution of gross premiums.
Underwriting, Risk Management and Retrocession
Underwriting
The Companys underwriting is conducted through specialized underwriting teams with the support of technical staff in disciplines such as actuarial, claims, legal, risk management and finance.
The Companys underwriters generally speak the local language and/or are native to their country or area of specialization. They have developed close working relationships with their ceding company counterparts through regular visits, gathering detailed information about the cedents business and about local market conditions and practices. As part of the underwriting process, the Company also focuses on the reputation and quality of the proposed cedent, the likelihood of establishing a long-term relationship with the cedent, the geographic area in which the cedent does business and the cedents market share, historical loss data for the cedent and, where available, historical loss data for the industry as a whole in the relevant regions, in order to compare the cedents historical loss experience to industry averages, and to gauge the perceived financial strength of the cedent. The Company trains its underwriters extensively and strives to maintain continuity of underwriters within specific geographic markets and areas of specialty.
Underwriting Risk and Exposure Controls
Because the Company underwrites volatile lines of business such as catastrophe reinsurance, the operating results and financial condition of the Company can be adversely affected by catastrophes and other large losses that may give rise to claims under reinsurance coverages provided by the Company. The Company manages its exposure to catastrophic losses and other large losses by (i) attempting to limit its aggregate exposure on catastrophe reinsurance in any particular geographic zone, (ii) selective underwriting practices, (iii) diversification by geographic area and by types and classes of business, and (iv) to a certain extent by purchasing retrocessional reinsurance.
The Company generally underwrites risks with specified limits per treaty program. Like other reinsurance companies, the Company is exposed to multiple insured losses arising out of a single occurrence, whether a natural event such as windstorm, flood or earthquake, or another catastrophe. Any such catastrophic event could generate insured losses in one or many of the Companys reinsurance treaties and facultative contracts in one or more lines of business. The Company considers such event scenarios as part of its evaluation and monitoring of its aggregate exposures to catastrophic events including the property-catastrophe business. The Company reinsures a portion of the risks it underwrites in an effort to control its exposure to losses and to mitigate the effect of any single major event or the frequency of medium-sized claims. See Retrocessions.
Funds Held by Reinsured Companies
The Company, in order to be competitive in certain markets, writes business on a funds held basis. As of December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company recorded $726.7 million and $641.2 million, respectively of funds held assets on its balance sheets, representing 8% and 9%, respectively, of the Companys total assets. Under such contractual arrangements, the reinsured retains the net funds that would have otherwise been remitted and credits the net fund balance with investment income. In general, the purpose of the funds held balances is to provide the reinsured with additional security that the Company will honour its obligations. The Company is subject to the credit risk of the reinsured in the event of insolvency or the reinsured's failure to honour the value of the funds held balances for any other reason. However, the Companys credit risk is mitigated by the fact that the Company has the contractual ability to offset any shortfall in the payment of the funds held balances with amounts owed by the Company to the reinsured for losses payable and other amounts contractually due.
Approximately $281.6 million of the funds held assets as of December 31, 2002 earns investment income based upon a predetermined interest rate, either fixed contractually at the inception of the contract or based upon a recognized market index (e.g., LIBOR). Interest rates as of December 31, 2002 ranged from 2.0% to 4.5%. Under these contractual arrangements, there are no specific assets linked to the funds held balances and the Company is exposed only to the credit risk of the reinsured.
With respect to the remaining $445.1 million of the funds held assets as of December 31, 2002, the Company receives an investment return based upon either the results of a pool of assets held by the reinsured, (generally used as collateral for the funds held assets), or the investment return earned by the reinsured on its entire investment portfolio. The Company does not legally own nor directly control the investments underlying its funds held assets and, only has recourse to the receivable amount and not to the underlying securities that support the balances. Decisions as to purchases and sales of assets underlying the funds held balances are made by the reinsured; and in some circumstances, investment guidelines regarding the minimum quality of the underlying assets may be agreed upon between the reinsured and the Company as part of the reinsurance agreement or the Company may participate in an investment oversight committee regarding the investment of the net funds, but investment decisions are not otherwise influenced by the Company.
The Company has four life reinsurance treaties, primarily annuity contracts, which account for approximately $405.4 million of the $445.1 million in funds held balances defined above. Of these, three annuity treaties, which account for approximately $396.5 million of the funds held balances, are structured such that the return on the funds held balances is tied to the performance of an underlying group of assets held by the reinsured (one such treaty is a retrocessional agreement), including fluctuations in the market value of the underlying assets. In these arrangements, the objective of the reinsurance agreement is to provide for the covered longevity risk, and to earn a net investment return on an underlying pool of assets, greater than is contractually due to the annuity holders. The investment return on the fourth life treaty, which accounts for approximately $8.5 million of the funds held balances, is linked to the overall investment return of the ceding company and is not supported by specific segregated assets. In these four treaties, the Company is exposed, to a limited extent, to the underlying financial market risk of the pool of assets inasmuch as the underlying policies may have guaranteed minimum returns. While the Company is also exposed to the creditworthiness of the reinsured, the risk of loss to the Company is somewhat mitigated as the Company has the ability to offset a shortfall in the funds held assets with amounts owed to the reinsured.
The Company also has three property and casualty treaties, representing approximately $39.7 million of the total $445.1 million funds held assets as of December 31, 2002 in which the investment performance of the net funds corresponds to the interest income on the assets held by the reinsured; however, the Company is not exposed to the underlying credit risk of these investments as they serve only as collateral for the Companys receivable. That is, the amount owed to the Company is unaffected by changes in the market value of the investments underlying the fund.
Retrocessions
The Company uses retrocessional agreements to reduce its exposure on certain property and casualty reinsurance risks assumed. These agreements provide for recovery of a portion of losses and loss adjustment expenses from retrocessionaires. The Company also utilizes retrocessions in the life reinsurance area to manage the amount of per-event and per-life risks to which it is exposed.
The Company remains liable to the extent the retrocessionaires do not meet their obligations under retrocessional agreements, and therefore retrocessions are subject to credit risk in all cases and to aggregate loss limits in certain cases. Reinsurance losses recoverable (from retrocessionaires) are reported after allowances for uncollectible amounts. The Company holds collateral, including escrow funds, securities and letters of credit, as retrocedent under certain retrocessional agreements. Retrocessionaires
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are selected based on their financial condition and business practices, with stability, solvency and credit agency ratings being important criteria. Provisions are made for amounts considered potentially uncollectible. At December 31, 2002, the Company had $216.7 million of reinsurance recoverable under such arrangements and had established an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance balances receivable and recoverable was $22.7 million, which represented less than 2% of the balances.
Claims
In addition to managing and settling reported claims and consulting with ceding companies on claims matters, the Company conducts periodic audits of specific claims and the overall claims procedures at the offices of ceding companies. The Company attempts to evaluate the ceding companys adjusting techniques and reserve adequacy and whether it follows proper claims processing procedures. The Company also provides recommendations regarding procedures and processing to the ceding company.
Within the claims department, there is a special unit which provides central supervision and management of long-tail liability claims, including those related to environmental and similar exposures. See ReservesAsbestosis, Environmental and Other Exposures.
Reserves
General
Loss reserves represent estimates of amounts an insurer or reinsurer ultimately expects to pay in the future on claims incurred at a given time based on facts and circumstances known at the time the loss reserves are established. It is possible that the total future payments may exceed or be less than such estimates. The estimates are not precise in that, among other things, they are based on predictions of future developments and estimates of future trends in claim severity, frequency and other variable factors such as inflation. During the loss settlement period, it often becomes necessary to refine and adjust the estimates of liability on a claim either upward or downward. Despite such adjustments, the ultimate future liability may exceed or be less than the revised estimates.
Significant periods of time may elapse between the occurrence of an insured loss, the reporting of the loss to the ceding company and the reinsurer and the ceding companys payment of that loss and subsequent payments to the ceding company by the reinsurer.
As part of the reserving process, insurers and reinsurers review historical data and anticipate the impact of various factors such as legislative enactments and judicial decisions that may affect potential losses from casualty claims, changes in social and political attitudes that may increase exposure to losses, mortality and morbidity trends and trends in general economic conditions. This process assumes that past experience, adjusted for the effects of current developments, is an appropriate basis for anticipating future events.
The liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses for Non-life business includes amounts determined from loss reports on individual cases and amounts for losses incurred but not reported. Such reserves are estimated by Management based upon reports received from ceding companies, supplemented by the Companys own actuarial estimates of reserves for which ceding company reports have not been received, and based on the Companys own historical experience. To the extent that the Companys own historical experience is inadequate for estimating reserves, such estimates may be actuarially determined based upon industry experience and Managements judgment. The estimates are continually reviewed and the ultimate liability may be in excess of, or less than, the amounts provided, for which any adjustments will be reflected in the periods in which they become known.
Liabilities for policy benefits for ordinary life and accident and health policies have been established based upon information reported by ceding companies supplemented by the Companys best actuarial estimates of mortality, morbidity, persistency and investment income, with appropriate provision for adverse deviation. Future policy benefit reserves for annuity and universal life products are carried at their accumulated values. Liabilities for policy claims and benefits include both mortality and morbidity claims in the process of settlement and claims that have been incurred but not yet reported. Interest rate assumptions used to estimate liabilities for policy benefits for life and annuity contracts range from 2.0% to 6.5%. Actual experience for a particular period may vary from assumed experience and, consequently, may affect the Companys operating results in future periods.
Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2002 Annual Report provides a reconciliation of beginning and end of year balances of unpaid losses and loss expenses for the Non-life business for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000.
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Changes in Reserves
The following table shows the development of net reserves for unpaid losses and loss expenses (Non-life business only). The table begins by showing the initial year-end net reserves (for years prior to 1997 the Companys gross and net reserves were equal as no retrocessional protection was purchased). The next portion of the table shows the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded reserves for each year based on experience as of the end of each succeeding year. The re-estimated liabilities reflect additional information regarding claims incurred prior to the end of the preceding financial year. A redundancy (or deficiency) arises when the re-estimation of reserves recorded at the end of each prior year is less (or greater) than its estimation at the preceding year-end. The redundancies or (deficiencies) reflect cumulative differences between the original estimate and the currently re-estimated liabilities. Annual changes in the estimates are reflected in the income statement for each year as the liabilities are revalued. Reserves denominated in foreign currencies are restated at each year-ends foreign exchange rates; and the resulting cumulative foreign exchange effect is shown as an adjustment to the cumulative redundancy (deficiency).
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The next section of the table shows the cumulative amounts paid as of each successive year-end with respect to net reserves.
Development of Loss and Loss Expense Reserves
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
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1999 |
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2002 |
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| Gross liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses |
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36,051 |
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68,426 |
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59,866 |
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1,098,527 |
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2,649,380 |
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2,616,556 |
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2,386,032 |
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3,005,628 |
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3,658,416 |
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| Retroceded liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses |
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126,112 |
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257,398 |
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205,982 |
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203,180 |
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214,891 |
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217,777 |
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|
| |
| Net liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses |
|
$ |
36,051 |
|
$ |
68,426 |
|
$ |
59,866 |
|
$ |
972,415 |
|
$ |
2,391,982 |
|
$ |
2,410,574 |
|
$ |
2,182,852 |
|
$ |
2,790,737 |
|
$ |
3,440,639 |
| |
| Net liability re-estimated as of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
One year later |
|
|
36,051 |
|
|
68,426 |
|
|
59,866 |
|
|
949,203 |
|
|
2,189,064 |
|
|
2,376,763 |
|
|
2,111,483 |
|
|
3,035,309 |
|
|
|
|
| |
Two years later |
|
|
36,051 |
|
|
68,426 |
|
|
18,632 |
|
|
869,741 |
|
|
2,010,885 |
|
|
2,205,861 |
|
|
2,302,284 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Three years later |
|
|
36,051 |
|
|
43,134 |
|
|
16,373 |
|
|
851,427 |
|
|
1,912,869 |
|
|
2,316,164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Four years later |
|
|
27,199 |
|
|
41,102 |
|
|
15,395 |
|
|
809,959 |
|
|
1,948,521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Five years later |
|
|
26,192 |
|
|
40,124 |
|
|
15,013 |
|
|
832,798 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Six years later |
|
|
26,164 |
|
|
39,742 |
|
|
15,112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Seven years later |
|
|
26,034 |
|
|
39,809 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Eight years later |
|
|
26,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Cumulative redundancy (deficiency) including foreign
exchange |
|
$ |
9,951 |
|
$ |
28,617 |
|
$ |
44,754 |
|
$ |
139,617 |
|
$ |
443,461 |
|
$ |
94,410 |
|
$ |
(119,432 |
) |
$ |
(244,572 |
) |
|
|
| |
| Less: (redundancy) deficiency due to foreign exchange |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(59,118 |
) |
|
(134,587 |
) |
|
(68,773 |
) |
|
61,758 |
|
|
188,454 |
|
|
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| Cumulative redundancy (deficiency) excluding foreign exchange |
|
$ |
9,951 |
|
$ |
28,617 |
|
$ |
44,754 |
|
$ |
80,499 |
| ||||||||||||||||