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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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| For the fiscal year ended January 1, 2005 |
Commission File Number 1-9751 |
CHAMPION ENTERPRISES, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Michigan |
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38-2743168 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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2701 Cambridge Court, Suite 300,
Auburn Hills, Michigan |
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48326 |
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(Address of principal executive offices) |
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(Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code:
(248) 340-9090
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
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| Title of Each Class |
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Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
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Common Stock, $1 par value |
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New York Stock Exchange
Chicago Stock Exchange
Pacific Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or such shorter period that the Registrant has
been required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of
Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. þ
The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant as of February 23, 2005,
based on the last sale price of $10.07 per share for the
Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on such date,
was approximately $506,742,590. As of February 23, 2005,
the Registrant had 72,541,002 shares of Common Stock
outstanding.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 12b-2). Yes þ No o
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
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Part of Form 10-K Report | |
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into which it is incorporated | |
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Proxy Statement for Annual Shareholders Meeting to be held
May 3, 2005 |
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III |
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Champion Enterprises, Inc.
Form 10-K
Fiscal Year End January 1, 2005
Table of Contents
PART I
Established in 1953, Champion Enterprises, Inc. and its
subsidiaries (collectively, we,
Champion, or the Company) primarily
produce and sell factory-built homes. As of January 1,
2005, we were operating 29 manufacturing facilities in
14 states in the United States and two provinces in western
Canada and 60 retail locations in 15 states.
Factory-built housing is generally comprised of manufactured
housing (also known as HUD-Code homes) and modular
homes. During the past five years, the manufactured housing
(HUD-Code homes) industry has been negatively affected by
limited availability of consumer financing and floor plan
inventory financing, high levels of homes repossessed from
consumers, tightened consumer credit standards, excessive
inventories and an uncertain economic outlook. Industry
shipments of HUD-Code homes in 2004 were 48% lower than in 2000
while Champions sales of HUD-Code homes declined 63%
during that period. During this time period modular home
industry shipments have grown by an estimated 30% and
Champions sales of modular homes have more than doubled.
Since the beginning of 2000, we have closed, sold, or
consolidated 31 manufacturing facilities and approximately 300
retail sales locations to eliminate under-performing operations
and rationalize our operations and capacity for industry
conditions.
In 2002, we acquired the manufactured housing consumer loan
origination business of CIT Group/ Sales Financing, Inc. Through
this business we originated and funded loans to consumers who
purchased Champion manufactured homes from both Company-owned
and independent retailers. However, our inability to obtain
satisfactory financing for this business caused us to exit the
consumer finance business in the third quarter of 2003. Results
and balances related to this finance business are presented as
discontinued operations throughout this Report.
In 2000, we commenced a focus on marketing and selling
factory-built homes to small and medium sized builders and
developers. This business is conducted through a number of our
manufacturing plants under the brand name Genesis
Homes.
In 1999, we entered the manufactured housing communities
development business but sold our principal development
investment in 2002. Our remaining development operations are not
material to the operations of the Company.
Financial information about the Companys manufacturing and
retail segments is included in Note 16 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this
Report. All of our operations are located in the United States
except for two manufacturing facilities in western Canada.
During each of the last three years these Canadian operations
accounted for less than 5% of our consolidated total sales and
total assets.
Most of the homes we produce are constructed to building
standards in accordance with the National Manufactured Home
Construction and Safety Standards promulgated by the
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD-Code homes or manufactured homes).
The HUD Code regulates manufactured home design and
construction, strength and durability, fire resistance and
energy efficiency. Approximately 81.7% of the homes we produced
in 2004 were HUD-Code homes compared to 86.2% in 2003. The
remaining homes we produced were modular homes (14.3% in 2004
and 10.3% in 2003) or were manufactured and sold in Canada (4.0%
in 2004 and 3.5% in 2003). Modular homes are designed and built
to meet local building codes. Homes produced and sold in Canada
are constructed in accordance with applicable Canadian building
standards.
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Champion produces a broad range of homes under various trade
names and brand names and in a variety of floor plans and price
ranges. While most of the homes we build are multi-section,
ranch-style homes, we also build one and one-half story and
two-story homes, single-section homes, cape cod style homes, and
multi-family units such as townhouses. The homes that we
manufacture generally range in size from 400 to
4,000 square feet and typically include two to four
bedrooms, a living room or family room, a dining room, a
kitchen, and two full bathrooms.
We regularly introduce homes with new floor plans, exterior
elevations, decors and features. Our corporate marketing and
engineering departments work with our manufacturing facilities
to design homes that appeal to local markets and consumers
changing tastes. We focus on designing homes with a traditional
residential or site-built appearance through the use of dormers
and higher pitched roofs. We also focus on designing energy
efficient homes and all of our U.S. manufacturing
facilities are qualified to produce Energy
Star® rated homes.
Champion designed homes have won numerous awards during the past
five years. In 2004, our Aspen model won the award
for the Best Production Multi-Section Manufactured
Home Over 1,400 Square Feet, our Jefferson
model won the award for the Best Production Modular Home
Over 1,400 Square Feet, and we were selected by Country
Living magazine to build its 2005 Home of the Year. In 2003,
our Genesis Homes brand was recognized by the National
Association of Homebuilders by winning first place in the
Excellence in Model Home Design competition and our
Cottage model won the award for the Best
Modular Home Below 2,200 Square Feet.
During 2004, the average home net selling price for our
manufacturing shipments was $42,000, excluding delivery, and
manufacturing sales prices ranged from $15,000 to over $100,000.
Retail sales prices of the homes, without land, generally ranged
from $25,000 to over $200,000, depending upon size, floor plan,
features and options. During 2004, the average retail selling
price for new homes sold to consumers by Company-owned retail
sales centers was $101,100, including delivery, setup and
retailer supplied accessories.
The chief components and products used in factory-built housing
are generally of the same quality as those used by other housing
builders, including conventional site-builders. These components
include lumber, plywood, chipboard, drywall, steel, vinyl floor
coverings, insulation, exterior siding (wood, vinyl and metal),
windows, shingles, kitchen appliances, furnaces, plumbing and
electrical fixtures and hardware. These components are presently
available from several sources and the Company is not dependent
upon any particular supplier. Prices of certain materials such
as lumber, insulation, steel and drywall can fluctuate
significantly due to changes in demand and supply. The Company
generally has been able to pass higher material costs on to the
consumer in the form of surcharges and base price increases. It
is not certain, however, that any future price increases can be
passed on to the consumer without affecting demand.
Most completed homes have carpeting, cabinets, appliances, wall
coverings, window treatments, and electrical, heating and
plumbing systems. Optional factory installed features include
fireplaces, dormers, entertainment centers, and skylights. Upon
completion of the home at the factory, it is sold to a retailer
and transported directly to the consumers home site or to
a retail sales center. In connection with the retail sale of the
home to the consumer, the home is transported to the home site,
placed on a foundation and readied by setup contractors for
occupancy. The sections of a multi-section home are joined and
the interior and exterior seams are finished at the home site.
The consumer purchase of the home may also include retailer or
contractor supplied items such as additional appliances, air
conditioning, furniture, a porch or deck and a garage.
Our homes are constructed in indoor facilities using an
assembly-line process employing approximately 150 to 250
production employees at each facility. Most of the homes are
constructed in one or more sections (also known as floors) on a
permanently affixed steel support frame which allows the
section(s) to be moved through the assembly line and transported
upon sale. The sections of many of the modular homes we produce
are built and transported on carriers which are removed after
placement of the homes at the home site. Each section or floor
is assembled in stages beginning with the construction of the
frame and the floor, then adding
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the walls and other constructed and purchased components, and
ending with a final quality control inspection. The efficiency
of the assembly-line process, protection from the weather, and
favorable pricing of materials resulting from our substantial
purchasing power enables the Company to produce homes more
quickly, and often at a lower cost than a conventional
site-built home of similar quality. According to 2003 data
reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, manufactured
housing costs approximately $33.99 per square foot,
compared to $79.21 per square foot for site-built housing,
excluding the cost of land.
The production schedules of our manufacturing facilities are
based upon customer (retailer and builder/developer) orders,
which can fluctuate from week to week. Orders from retailers are
generally subject to cancellation at any time without penalty
and are not necessarily an indication of future business.
Retailers place orders for retail stocking (inventory) purposes
and for consumer purchase orders. Before scheduling homes for
production, orders and availability of financing are confirmed
with our customer and, where applicable, their floor plan lender.
Orders are generally filled within 90 days of receipt,
depending upon the level of unfilled orders and requested
delivery dates. Although factory-built homes can be produced
throughout the year in indoor facilities, demand for homes is
usually affected by inclement weather and by the cold winter
months in northern areas of the U.S. and in Canada.
We produce homes to fill existing wholesale and retail orders
and, therefore, generally our manufacturing plants do not carry
finished goods inventories except for homes awaiting delivery.
Typically, a one- to three-week supply of raw materials is
maintained.
Charges to transport homes increase with the distance from the
factory to the retailer or home site. As a result, most of the
retail stores we sell to are located within a 500 mile
radius of Champions manufacturing plants.
During 2004, approximately 78% of our manufacturing shipments
were to approximately 2,400 independent retail locations
throughout the U.S. and western Canada. As of January 1,
2005, 845 of these independent retail locations were part of our
Champion Home Center (CHC) retailer program. CHC
retailers have committed to stocking a minimum of 50% of their
inventories with Champion-produced homes and to displaying
signage identifying their location as a CHC. We continually seek
to increase our manufacturing shipments by expanding sales at
our existing independent retailers and by finding new
independent retailers to sell our homes. Sales to independent
CHC retailers accounted for approximately 43% of the homes we
produced in 2004, or approximately 55% of the homes we sold to
independent retailers. CHC retailers have access to a broad
range of products, including modular homes, and to a variety of
training programs for sales techniques, management tools,
inventory management, and retail customer financing procedures.
They also benefit from marketing and advertising support, lead
management tools, and Internet applications and support.
As is common in the industry, our independent retailers may sell
homes produced by other manufacturers in addition to those
produced by the Company. Some independent retailers operate
multiple sales centers. In 2004, no single independent retailer
or distributor accounted for more than 2% of our manufacturing
sales. The majority of independent retailer home purchases are
financed by lending institutions subject to a floor plan
agreement and secured by a lien on such homes. We generally
receive payment from the lending institution 5 to 15 days
after a home is sold and invoiced to an independent retailer. In
accordance with trade practice, the Company generally enters
into repurchase agreements with the major lending institutions
providing floor plan financing, as is more fully described in
Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements in Item 8 of this Report and in
Contingent Repurchase Obligations in Item 7 of
this Report.
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Company-Owned Retail Sales Centers |
Purchases by Company-owned retailers accounted for 8% of the
homes shipped by our manufacturing operations in 2004. Of the
total new homes sold by Company-owned retailers in 2004, 89%
were Champion-produced. Each of our Company-owned retailers
carries and sells homes based on availability from suppliers
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and marketability for their local area. At the beginning of
2000, the Company had 308 retail locations in 28 states.
The Company has been reducing the number of its retail sales
centers in response to industry conditions and to eliminate
unprofitable locations. We had 60 retail locations in
15 states as of January 1, 2005, consisting of 37 full
service sales centers and 23 sales offices that focus on selling
homes into manufactured housing communities.
Each of our traditional retail sales centers has a sales office,
which is generally a factory-built home, and a variety of model
homes of various sizes, floor plans, features and prices.
Customers may purchase a home from an inventory of homes
maintained at the location, including a model home, or may order
a home that will be custom-built at a manufacturing facility.
Many sales centers also sell pre-owned homes that are obtained
through trade-ins or repossessed homes purchased from or sold on
a consignment basis for consumer finance companies. At
January 1, 2005, Company-owned sales centers had an average
inventory of 13 new homes per location, including homes
delivered to a consumer home site but not yet recorded as a sale
and homes on display in manufactured housing communities. In
2004, floor plan financing was used for less than 50% of
Company-owned retailers new home inventory.
Our traditional, Company-owned sales centers are generally
located on a main road or highway for high visibility. Model
homes may be displayed in a residential setting with sidewalks
and landscaping. Sales centers typically employ a manager and
three or four commissioned salespersons. Most retail customers
finance the purchase of their home through a lending
institution. The sales center often assists in arranging
financing and insurance on the home, for which a fee may be
received. Many consumer purchases of our homes now involve land;
therefore, Company-owned retailers often assist the homebuyer
with the land component of the purchase transaction. The sales
centers may also sell additional accessories in connection with
the sale of the home, such as central air conditioning, decks,
skirting, and additional appliances. Retailers also often
arrange for necessary permits and utility connections.
During 2005, we plan to divest of most of our remaining
traditional retail sales centers. Upon those planned
divestitures, our ongoing retail operations will consist
primarily of Advantage Homes, which currently operates 18 sales
offices which sell homes into manufactured housing communities
in California. Advantage Homes specializes in replacing older
homes within local manufactured housing communities with new
manufactured homes. The homes are placed on sites in the
communities, site improvements are made and the homes are
readied for sale and occupancy. The sales offices are located in
leased premises, from which the site preparation and sales
process is managed.
Factory-built housing competes with other forms of low-cost new
housing such as site-built housing, panelized homes and
condominiums, and with existing housing such as pre-owned homes
and apartments. According to statistics published by the
Institute for Building Technology and Safety (IBTS)
and the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
for the past five years and for 2004 industry shipments of
HUD-Code homes accounted for an estimated 11% and 8%,
respectively, of all new single-family housing starts and 15%
and 10%, respectively, of all new single-family homes sold.
Industry wholesale shipments of HUD-Code homes totaled
approximately 131,000 homes in both 2004 and 2003, down 48% from
2000 levels, according to data reported by IBTS. Based on data
reported by Statistical Surveys, Inc., we estimate that industry
retail new HUD-Code home sales in 2004 totaled 145,000 homes,
down 8% from 2003 levels. Based on industry data published by
the Manufactured Housing Institute (MHI), wholesale
shipments of modular homes sold rose 12% in 2004 from 2003
levels. Additionally, modular homes sold were 25% of the
factory-built housing market in 2004, compared to 22% in 2003
and 11% in 2000.
The market for factory-built housing is affected by a number of
factors, including the availability, cost and credit
underwriting standards of consumer financing, consumer
confidence, job creation, general economic conditions and the
overall affordability of manufactured housing versus other forms
of housing. In addition, demographic trends, such as changes in
population growth, and competition affect demand for housing
products. Interest rates and the availability of financing also
influence the affordability of factory-built housing.
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We believe the segment of the housing market in which
factory-built housing is most competitive includes consumers
with household incomes under $40,000. This segment has a high
representation of young single persons and married couples, as
well as elderly or retired persons. The comparatively low cost
of fully or partially furnished housing attracts these
consumers. Persons in rural areas, where fewer housing
alternatives exist, and those who presently live in
factory-built homes also make up a significant portion of the
demand for new factory-built housing.
We believe that a much larger market may exist, including
apartment dwellers and persons who have traditionally purchased
lower-priced site-built homes. Our operations target this
market. In the past, a number of factors have restricted demand
for factory-built housing, including, in some cases,
less-favorable financing terms compared to site-built housing,
the effects of restrictive zoning on the availability of certain
locations for home placement and, in some cases, an unfavorable
public image. Certain of these adverse factors have lessened
considerably in recent years with the improved quality and
appearance of factory-built housing.
The number of factory-built homes that are sold to consumers and
related wholesale demand are significantly affected by the
availability, credit underwriting standards, loan terms and cost
of consumer financing. Two basic types of consumer financing are
available: home-only or personal property loans for purchasers
of only the home, and real estate mortgages for purchasers of
the home and land on which the home is placed. Loose credit
standards for home-only loans in the mid to late 1990s led to a
high number of industry repossessions of homes from consumers
during the last few years. The poor performance of portfolios of
manufactured housing home-only consumer loans in recent years
has made it difficult for industry consumer finance companies to
obtain long-term capital in the asset-backed securitization
market, which has been a significant source of long-term capital
for originators of such loans. As a result, consumer finance
companies have curtailed their industry lending and some have
exited the manufactured housing market. Since 2000, many
consumer lenders tightened credit underwriting standards and
loan terms and increased interest rates for home-only loans to
purchase manufactured homes, which reduced lending volumes and
resulted in lower industry sales volumes. Additionally, the
industry has seen a number of traditional real estate mortgage
lenders tighten terms or discontinue financing for manufactured
housing as a result, in part, of program changes by the
traditional buyers of conforming mortgage loans, primarily
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Based on a survey published by MHI, total new factory-built home
retail sales financed with home-only loans have declined to an
estimated 30% of industry sales in 2004. In 2000, we estimate
that approximately 80% of new factory-built home retail sales
were financed with home-only loans. Since the late 1990s the
number of factory-built home sales financed with real estate
mortgages has been growing. We estimate that the percentage of
total new factory-built home retail sales financed with real
estate mortgages has increased from approximately 10% in 2000 to
over 50% in 2004. The levels of lending availability for both
home-only loans and real estate mortgages significantly affect
the number of factory-built homes that can be sold to consumers
and related wholesale demand. The majority of modular homes are
financed with traditional real estate mortgages.
Independent retailers of factory-built homes generally finance
their inventory purchases from manufacturers with floor plan
financing provided by third party lending institutions. The
availability and cost of floor plan financing can affect the
amount of retailer inventory of new homes, the number of retail
sales centers and related wholesale demand. During the past five
years, several major national floor plan lenders have exited the
industry or curtailed their floor plan operations, while a
smaller number of national lenders, and a large number of local
and regional banks, have entered the market or increased lending
volumes.
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The factory-built housing industry is highly competitive at both
the manufacturing and retail levels, with competition based upon
several factors, including price, product features, reputation
for service and quality, merchandising and the terms of retailer
promotional programs, and retail customer financing. Capital
requirements for entry into the industry are relatively low.
According to MHI, in December 2004 there were 66 producers of
manufactured homes in the U.S. operating 210 production
facilities. These totals compare to 62 producers operating 206
plants in 2003. In 2003, the top five companies had combined
market share of approximately 60% of HUD-Code homes, according
to data published by MHI. Based on industry data reported by
IBTS, in 2004 our U.S. wholesale market share of HUD-Code
homes sold was 14.4%, compared to 16.8% in 2003. This decline in
wholesale market share was due primarily to our restructuring
actions, which have eliminated under-performing operations and
rationalized operations and capacity for industry conditions.
Based on industry data published by MHI, wholesale shipments of
modular homes rose by 12% from 2003 levels. Modular homes sold
were 25% of the total factory-built housing market in 2004,
compared to 22% in 2003 and 11% in 2000.
We believe there are an estimated 4,000 industry retail
locations throughout the U.S. We sell our homes through
Company-owned sales centers and approximately 2,400 independent
retailers, which at January 1, 2005 included 845
independent locations that are members of our CHC retail
distribution network. In 2004, we also sold homes directly to
approximately 500 builders and developers, primarily through our
Genesis operations.
In 2004, we sold approximately 3,100 homes (14% of the total
homes we produced) directly to 500 builders and developers
through our Genesis Homes division and certain of our other
homebuilding plants. In this distribution channel the
builder/developer generally acquires the land, obtains the
appropriate zoning, develops the land and builds the foundation
for the home. We design, engineer, build and deliver the home to
the site. We or the builder/developer contract a crew to set or
place the home on the foundation and to finish the home on site.
The builder/developer may construct the garage, patio and
porches at the site and either sell the home directly to the
consumer or through a realtor. The homes sold through
builders/developers may be placed in a subdivision in suburban
areas, rather than in rural markets, and are generally larger
and have more amenities than the homes we build for our
traditional markets. Certain of our builder/developer projects
involve multi-family housing units.
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Relationship with our Employees |
At January 1, 2005, we had approximately 6,800 employees.
We deem our relationship with our employees to be generally
good. Currently, our two manufacturing facilities in Canada
employ approximately 400 workers, of which 300 are subject to
collective bargaining agreements, one which expires in June 2005
and the other which expires in November 2007.
The workforce of approximately 150 employees at one of our
U.S. manufacturing plants voted to unionize in 2001 but
petitioned in April 2002 to withdraw from the union. On
January 17, 2003 an Administrative Law Judge
(ALJ) of the National Labor Relations Board
(NLRB) made findings that the Company had engaged in
unfair labor practices and therefore set aside the
employees April 2002 formal petition to end union
representation. The ALJ ordered the Company to immediately begin
to bargain with the union. This was reinforced by a
10-J bargaining injunction. We believe that the
ALJs findings were incorrect and have appealed those
findings and orders to the NLRB while we continue to bargain.
In addition, the workforce of approximately 180 employees at
another of our U.S. manufacturing plants voted to unionize
September 1, 2004. Bargaining began in February 2005 and is
ongoing.
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Forward Looking Statements |
Certain statements contained in this Report, including our plans
and beliefs regarding availability of liquidity and financing,
anticipated capital expenditures, outlook for the factory-built
housing industry in particular and the economy in general,
availability of wholesale floor plan and consumer financing and
characterization of and our ability to control our contingent
liabilities, could be construed to be forward looking statements
within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In
addition, we, or persons acting on our behalf, may from time to
time publish or communicate other items that could also be
construed to be forward looking statements. Statements of this
sort are or will be based on our estimates, assumptions and
projections, and are subject to risks and uncertainties,
including those specifically listed below that could cause
actual results to differ materially from those included in the
forward looking statements. We do not undertake to update our
forward looking statements or risk factors to reflect future
events or circumstances. The following risk factors could
materially affect our operating results or financial condition.
Significant leverage Our significant debt
could limit our ability to obtain additional financing, require
us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from
operations for debt service and prevent us from fulfilling our
debt obligations. If we are unable to pay our debt obligations
when due, we could be in default under our debt agreements and
our lenders could accelerate our debt or take other actions
which could restrict our operations.
As discussed in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report, we
have a significant amount of debt outstanding, which consists
primarily of long-term debt due in 2007 and 2009. This
indebtedness could, among other things:
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limit our ability to obtain future financing for working
capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service
requirements, surety bonds or other requirements; |
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require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows
from operations to the payment of principal and interest on our
indebtedness and reduce our ability to use our cash flows for
other purposes; |
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limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes
in our business and the factory-built housing industry; |
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place us at a competitive disadvantage to competitors with less
indebtedness; and |
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make us more vulnerable in the event of a further downturn in
our business or in general economic conditions. |
In addition, our future cash flows may be insufficient to meet
our debt service and other obligations. Our business may not
generate cash flows from operations in amounts sufficient to pay
our debt or to fund other liquidity needs. The factors that
affect our ability to generate cash can also affect our ability
to raise additional funds through the sale of equity securities,
the refinancing of debt or the sale of assets.
We may need to refinance all or a portion of our debt on or
before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our debt
on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to
refinance our debt obligations, we could be in default under our
debt agreements and our lenders could accelerate our debt or
take other actions which could restrict our operations.
General industry conditions As a result of the
downturn in the manufactured housing industry which began in
1999, during the period beginning in 2000 through 2003 we
experienced a decline in sales and incurred operating losses and
costs for the closures or consolidations of operations, fixed
asset impairment charges and goodwill impairment charges. If
industry conditions deteriorate further, our sales could decline
further and our operating results and cash flows could
suffer.
Since mid-1999 the manufactured housing industry has experienced
declining manufacturing shipments and retail sales, tightened
consumer credit standards, reduced availability of consumer
financing, high levels of homes repossessed from consumers,
higher interest rates on manufactured housing loans relative to
those generally available to site-built homebuyers, a reduced
number of consumer and floor plan lenders and reduced floor plan
availability. Since the beginning of the industry downturn, we
have closed a significant
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number of homebuilding facilities and retail sales locations in
an attempt to limit losses and return to profitability. From
2000 through 2003, we reported significant net losses including
goodwill impairment charges, a valuation allowance of 100% of
our deferred tax assets and restructuring charges, which are
each discussed in more detail in Item 7. If industry
conditions deteriorate further, our sales could decline further,
our operating results and cash flows could suffer and we may
incur further losses including additional costs for the closures
or consolidations of existing operations, fixed asset impairment
charges and goodwill impairment charges.
Common stock and Senior Notes values Our
common stock price has been volatile and may continue to be
volatile given current industry and economic conditions. Our
Senior Notes have traded at significant discounts to face value
and may trade at discounts in the future.
The trading value per share of our stock has ranged from $1.65
to $12.25 during 2003 and 2004. Additionally, our two issuances
of Senior Notes have traded at discounts to their respective
face values. The market prices of our common stock and Senior
Notes are affected by many factors including: general economic
and market conditions, interest rates, current manufactured
housing industry forecasts, Champions and our
competitors operating results, our ability to pay our debt
obligations, consumer and wholesale financing availability, the
markets perception of our strategies and the overall
market fluctuations unrelated to our Company or the manufactured
housing industry. All of these factors may adversely impact the
market prices of our common stock and Senior Notes in the future.
Fluctuations in operating results The cyclical
and seasonal nature of the manufactured housing market has
caused our sales and operating results to fluctuate. We expect
these fluctuations to continue in the future, which could result
in operating losses during downturns.
The manufactured housing industry is highly cyclical and is
influenced by many national and regional economic and
demographic factors, including:
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terms and availability of financing for homebuyers and retailers; |
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consumer confidence; |
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interest rates; |
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population and employment trends; |
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income levels; |
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housing demand; and |
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general economic conditions, including inflation and recessions. |
In addition, the manufactured housing industry is affected by
seasonality. Sales during the period from March to November are
traditionally higher than in other months. As a result of the
foregoing factors, our sales and operating results fluctuate,
and we expect that they will continue to fluctuate in the
future. Moreover, we may experience operating losses during
cyclical and seasonal downturns in the manufactured housing
market.
Consumer financing availability Tight credit
standards and loan terms, curtailed lending activity, and
increased interest rates among consumer lenders have reduced our
sales. If consumer financing were to become further curtailed,
our sales could decline further and our operating results and
cash flows could suffer.
The consumers who buy our homes have historically secured
consumer financing from third party lenders. The availability,
terms and costs of consumer financing depend on the lending
practices of financial institutions, governmental regulations
and economic and other conditions, all of which are beyond our
control. A consumer seeking to finance the purchase of a
manufactured home without land will generally pay a higher
interest rate and have a shorter loan term than a consumer
seeking to finance the purchase of land and the home.
Manufactured home consumer financing is at times more difficult
to obtain than financing for site-built homes. Since 1999,
consumer lenders have tightened the credit underwriting
standards and loan terms and
8
increased interest rates for loans to purchase manufactured
homes, which have reduced lending volumes and caused our sales
to decline.
The poor performance of portfolios of manufactured housing
consumer loans in recent years has made it more difficult for
industry consumer finance companies to obtain long-term capital
in the asset-backed securitization market. As a result, consumer
finance companies have curtailed their industry lending and many
have exited the manufactured housing market. Additionally, the
industry has seen certain traditional real estate mortgage
lenders tighten terms or discontinue financing for manufactured
housing.
If consumer financing for manufactured homes were to become
further curtailed, we would likely experience further retail and
manufacturing sales declines and our operating results and cash
flows would suffer.
Floor plan financing availability A reduction
in floor plan credit availability or tighter loan terms to our
independent retailers may cause our manufacturing sales to
decline. As a result, our operating results and cash flows could
suffer.
Independent retailers of our manufactured homes generally
finance their inventory purchases with floor plan financing
provided by lending institutions. Reduced availability of floor
plan lending or tighter floor plan terms may affect our
independent retailers inventory levels of new homes, the
number of retail sales centers and related wholesale demand. As
a result, we could experience manufacturing sales declines or a
higher level of retailer defaults and our operating results and
cash flows could suffer.
Contingent liabilities We have, and will
continue to have, significant contingent wholesale repurchase
obligations and other contingent obligations, some of which
could become actual obligations that we must satisfy. We may
incur losses under these wholesale repurchase obligations or be
required to fund these or other contingent obligations that
would reduce our cash flows.
In connection with a floor plan arrangement for our
manufacturing shipments to independent retailers, the financial
institution that provides the retailer financing customarily
requires us to enter into a separate repurchase agreement with
the financial institution. Under this separate agreement,
generally for a period up to 24 months from the date of our
sale to the retailer, upon default by the retailer and
repossession of the home by the financial institution, we are
generally obligated to purchase from the lender the related
floor plan loan or the home at a price equal to the unpaid
principal amount of the loan, plus certain administrative and
handling expenses, reduced by the cost of any damage to the home
and any missing parts or accessories. Our estimated aggregate
contingent repurchase obligation at January 1, 2005 was
significant and includes significant contingent repurchase
obligations relating to our largest independent retail
customers. For additional discussion see Contingent
Repurchase Obligations in Item 7 and Note 13 of
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in
Item 8 of this Report. We may be required to honor some or
all of our contingent repurchase obligations in the future,
which would result in operating losses and reduced cash flows.
At January 1, 2005, we also had contingent obligations
related to surety bonds and letters of credit. For additional
detail and discussion, see Liquidity and Capital
Resources in Item 7 of this Report. If we were
required to fund a material amount of these contingent
obligations, we would have reduced cash flows and could incur
losses.
Dependence upon independent retailers If we
are unable to establish or maintain relationships with
independent retailers who sell our homes, our sales could
decline and our operating results and cash flows could
suffer.
During 2004, approximately 78% of our manufacturing shipments of
homes were made to independent retail locations throughout the
United States and western Canada. As is common in the industry,
independent retailers may sell manufactured homes produced by
competing manufacturers. We may not be able to establish
relationships with new independent retailers or maintain good
relationships with independent retailers that sell our homes.
Even if we do establish and maintain relationships with
independent retailers, these retailers are not obligated to sell
our manufactured homes exclusively, and may choose to sell our
competitors homes instead. The independent retailers with
whom we have relationships can cancel these
9
relationships on short notice. In addition, these retailers may
not remain financially solvent as they are subject to the same
industry, economic, demographic and seasonal trends that we
face. If we do not establish and maintain relationships with
solvent independent retailers in the markets we serve, sales in
those markets could decline and our operating results and cash
flows could suffer.
Effect on liquidity Industry conditions and
our operating results have limited our sources of capital during
the past few years. If we are unable to locate alternative
sources of capital when needed we may be unable to maintain or
expand our business.
We depend on our cash balances, cash flows from operations,
revolving credit facility, and floor plan facilities to finance
our operating requirements, capital expenditures and other
needs. The downturn in the manufactured housing industry,
combined with our operating results and other changes, limited
our sources of financing during the past few years. If our cash
balances, cash flows from operations, and availability under our
revolving credit facility and floor plan facilities are
insufficient to finance our operations and alternative capital
is not available, we may not be able to expand our business, or
we may need to curtail or limit our existing operations.
We have a significant amount of surety bonds representing
collateral for our casualty insurance programs and for general
operating purposes. We are required to provide collateral in
support of our surety bond programs in the form of letters of
credit. For additional detail and information concerning the
amounts of our surety bonds and letters of credit, see
Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements in Item 8 of this Report. The inability to
retain our current surety bond provider or obtain alternative
bonding sources could require us to post cash collateral, reduce
the amount of cash available for our operations or cause us to
curtail or limit existing operations.
Competition The factory-built housing industry
is very competitive. If we are unable to effectively compete,
our growth could be limited, our sales could decline and our
operating results and cash flows could suffer.
The factory-built housing industry is highly competitive at both
the manufacturing and retail levels, with competition based,
among other things, on price, product features, reputation for
service and quality, merchandising, terms of retailer
promotional programs and the terms of consumer financing.
Numerous companies produce factory-built homes in our markets. A
number of our manufacturing competitors also have captive retail
distribution systems and consumer finance operations. In
addition, there are many independent factory-built housing
retail locations in most areas where we have retail operations.
Because barriers to entry for manufactured housing retailers are
low, we believe that it is relatively easy for new retailers to
enter our markets as competitors. In addition, our products
compete with other forms of low to moderate-cost housing,
including site-built homes, panelized homes, apartments,
townhouses and condominiums. If we are unable to effectively
compete in this environment, our retail sales and manufacturing
shipments could be reduced. As a result, our sales could decline
and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
Zoning If the factory-built housing industry
is not able to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, our
sales could decline and our operating results and cash flows
could suffer.
Limitations on the number of sites available for placement of
manufactured homes or on the operation of manufactured housing
communities could reduce the demand for manufactured homes and
our sales. Manufactured housing communities and individual home
placements are subject to local zoning ordinances and other
local regulations relating to utility service and construction
of roadways. In the past, property owners often have resisted
the adoption of zoning ordinances permitting the use of
manufactured homes in residential areas, which we believe has
restricted the growth of the industry. Manufactured homes may
not receive widespread acceptance and localities may not adopt
zoning ordinances permitting the development of manufactured
home communities. If the manufactured housing industry is unable
to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, our sales could
decline and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
10
Dependence upon executive officers and other key
personnel The loss of any of our executive officers
or other key personnel could reduce our ability to manage our
businesses and achieve our business plan, which could cause our
sales to decline and our operating results and cash flows to
suffer.
We depend on the continued services and performance of our
executive officers and other key personnel. If we lose the
service of any of our executive officers or other key personnel,
it could reduce our ability to manage our businesses and achieve
our business plan, which could cause our sales to decline and
our operating results and cash flows to suffer.
Restrictive covenants The terms of our debt
place operating restrictions on us and our subsidiaries and
contain various financial performance and other covenants with
which we must remain in compliance. If we do not remain in
compliance with these covenants, certain of our debt facilities
could be terminated and the amounts outstanding thereunder could
become immediately due and payable.
The documents governing the terms of our Senior Notes, primarily
the Senior Notes due 2007, contain covenants that place
restrictions on us and our subsidiaries. The terms of our debt
agreements include covenants that, to varying degrees, restrict
our and our subsidiaries ability to:
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incur additional indebtedness, contingent liabilities and liens; |
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issue additional preferred stock; |
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pay dividends or make other distributions on our common stock; |
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redeem or repurchase common stock and redeem, repay or
repurchase subordinated debt; |
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make investments in subsidiaries that are not restricted
subsidiaries; |
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enter into joint ventures; |
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use assets as security in other transactions; |
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sell certain assets or enter into sale and leaseback
transactions; |
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restrict the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay
dividends or make other distributions on their common stock; |
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engage in new lines of business; |
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guarantee or secure indebtedness; |
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consolidate with or merge with or into other companies; and |
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enter into transactions with affiliates. |
We have a $75 million revolving credit facility to use for
letters of credit and general corporate purposes. Availability
under this credit facility is limited to a borrowing base, and
is collateralized by accounts receivable, inventories, property,
plant and equipment, cash and other assets. The agreement
contains certain financial covenants that require us, only in
the event that our liquidity, as defined, falls below
$35 million, to maintain certain levels of earnings, as
defined, and certain ratios of earnings to fixed charges, as
defined in the agreement. In addition, the facility contains
covenants that limit our ability to incur additional
indebtedness and liens, sell assets and, if liquidity falls
below $35 million, make certain investments, pay dividends
and purchase or redeem our common stock. For additional detail
and discussion concerning these financial covenants see
Liquidity and Capital Resources in Item 7 of
this Report.
One of our floor plan financing facilities contains a covenant
requiring the maintenance of $35 million of liquidity, as
defined in the facility, at each month end. If we were to be out
of compliance with this covenant, the lender could terminate the
credit line and cause the related debt to become immediately due
and payable. As is customary for these types of financings, both
of our floor plan facilities may be cancelled by the lender with
a 30-day notice. For additional detail and discussion concerning
these facilities and amounts outstanding see Liquidity and
Capital Resources in Item 7 of this Report.
11
If we fail to comply with any of these covenants, the lenders
could cause our debt to become due and payable prior to
maturity. If our debt were accelerated, our assets might not be
sufficient to repay our debt in full.
Potential Dilution Outstanding preferred stock
that is convertible into common stock and redeemable for common
stock (and in some cases, at our option, for cash), a warrant to
acquire common stock, a deferred purchase price obligation that
is payable, at our option, in cash or common stock, and other
potential capital or debt reduction transactions could result in
potential dilution and impair the price of our common
stock.
At January 1, 2005 there was $8.75 million of
Series C preferred stock outstanding, which is convertible
into common stock at a rate of $5.66 per share, and
$12 million of Series B-2 preferred stock outstanding,
which is convertible into common stock at a rate of
$7.92 per share. The Series C and B-2 preferred stock
have mandatory redemption dates of April 2, 2009 and
July 3, 2008, respectively. Our preferred shareholder has
the right to redeem this preferred stock for common stock, and,
at our option, partially for cash. We pay a quarterly dividend
on the preferred stock at a rate of 5% per annum. The
dividend is payable in cash or shares of our common stock, at
our option.
We have a warrant outstanding which is exercisable based on
approximately 2.2 million shares of common stock at a
current strike price of $11.52 per share. The warrant
strike price increases annually in April by $0.75 per
share. The warrant expires on April 2, 2009. The warrant is
exercisable only on a non-cash, net basis, whereby the warrant
holder would receive shares of common stock as payment for the
net gain upon exercise.
As of January 1, 2005, we had $2 million of a deferred
purchase price obligation. On January 3, 2005, the Company
issued 171,136 shares of its common stock in payment of the
final installment of this obligation.
In a series of transactions during 2003 and the first half of
2004, we purchased and retired $71.7 million of our Senior
Notes due 2007 and 2009 in exchange for 10.4 million shares
of our common stock.
To the extent that the preferred shareholder elects to convert
or redeem the preferred stock into common stock, or we elect to
make dividend payments on preferred stock, or we reduce debt
obligations through the issuance of common shares, our then
existing common shareholders would experience dilution in their
percentage ownership interests. The additional shares of common
stock that could be available for sale upon conversion or
redemption of the preferred stock, as dividends on the preferred
stock or in payment of our outstanding debt, may have a negative
impact on the market price of our common stock. In addition,
sale of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public
market by the preferred shareholder, the recipients of the
deferred purchase price payments, or the exchangers of Senior
Notes, or the perception that these sales might occur, could
depress the price of our common stock. Such selling shareholders
may determine the timing, structure and terms of any disposition
of our common stock, all of which could affect the market price
of our common stock.
We may seek additional sources of capital and financing in the
future or issue securities in connection with retiring our
outstanding indebtedness, the terms of which may result in
additional potential dilution.
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Executive Officers of the Company |
Our executive officers, their ages, and the position or office
held by each, are as follows:
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| Name |
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Age | |
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Position or Office |
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William C. Griffiths
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53 |
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Phyllis A. Knight
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42 |
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Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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John J. Collins, Jr.
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53 |
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Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |
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Bobby J. Williams
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58 |
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Vice President, Operations |
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Richard P. Hevelhorst
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57 |
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Vice President and Controller |
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Jeffrey L. Nugent
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58 |
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Vice President, Human Resources |
The executive officers serve at the pleasure of our Board of
Directors.
12
Mr. Griffiths became President and Chief Executive Officer
of Champion Enterprises, Inc. on August 1, 2004.
Previously, since 2001 Mr. Griffiths was employed by SPX
Corporation, a global multi-industry company, located in
Charlotte, North Carolina, where he was President-Fluid Systems
Division. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Griffiths was
President-Fluid Systems Division at United Dominion Industries,
Inc., which was acquired by SPX Corporation in 2001.
In 2002, Mrs. Knight joined Champion after leaving Conseco
Finance Corp. where since 1994 she served in various executive
positions, including Senior Vice President and Treasurer and,
most recently, was President of its Mortgage Services Division.
Mr. Collins joined the Company in 1997 as Vice President,
General Counsel and Secretary and was promoted to Senior Vice
President, General Counsel and Secretary in April 2000.
Mr. Williams joined Champion in 1997 as President, Eastern
Manufacturing Region, and was promoted to President, Champion
Homes in 2002. He was named Vice President, Operations in 2005.
Mr. Hevelhorst joined Champion in 1995 as Controller and
was promoted to the position of Vice President and Controller in
1999.
Mr. Nugent joined Champion in September 2004 after leaving
SPX Corporation where, since 1991, he served as Vice President,
Human Resources for several segments of United Dominion
Industries Inc, which SPX Corporation acquired in 2001. Since
2001 he served as Vice President-Fluid Systems Division.
Champions Internet address is
www.championhomes.net. Champions annual reports on
Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current
reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments
to all such reports and statements are made available via its
web site free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after
such reports are filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC).
Additionally, the public may read and copy any materials the
Company files with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference
Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington D.C. 20549. The
public may obtain information on the operation of the Public
Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC
also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and
information statements, and other information regarding issuers
that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.
All of our manufacturing facilities are one story with concrete
floors and wood and steel superstructures and generally range
from 80,000 to 150,000 square feet. We own all of our
manufacturing facilities except for four that are leased,
including two capital leases, and four facilities that are
located on leased land. Substantially all of the machinery and
equipment used in our manufacturing facilities is owned. We
believe our plant facilities are generally well maintained and
provide ample capacity to meet expected demand.
13
The following table sets forth certain information with respect
to the 29 homebuilding facilities we were operating as of
January 1, 2005. All of these facilities are assembly-line
operations.
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United States
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Alabama
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Boaz*
Guin* |
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Arizona
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Chandler** |
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California
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Corona*** |
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Lindsay |
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Woodland*** |
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Colorado
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Berthoud |
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Florida
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Bartow (2 plants)** |
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Lake City (2 plants)**** |
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Idaho
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Weiser |
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Indiana
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LaGrange (3 plants) |
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Topeka (3 plants) |
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Nebraska
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York |
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New York
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Sangerfield***** |
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North Carolina
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Lillington
Sanford |
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Oregon
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Silverton |
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Pennsylvania
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Claysburg
Ephrata |
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Tennessee
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Henry |
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Texas
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Burleson |
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Canada
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Alberta
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Medicine Hat |
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British Columbia
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Penticton |
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| * |
In January 2005, the operations of the Boaz, Alabama plant were
consolidated with the operations of the Guin, Alabama plant and
an idle facility in Guin, Alabama was re-opened. |
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| ** |
Includes leased land. |
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| *** |
Facility leased under an operating lease. |
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| **** |
Includes leased land and one facility leased under a capital
lease. |
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| ***** |
Facility leased under a capital lease. |
At January 1, 2005, the Company also owned 18 idled
manufacturing facilities in 8 states of which 14 were
permanent closures generally held for sale. Substantially all of
the manufacturing facilities we own are encumbered under first
mortgages securing our $75 million revolving credit
facility. Two of the facilities are encumbered under industrial
revenue bond financing agreements.
At January 1, 2005, we operated 60 Company-owned retail
sales centers in 15 states. Our sales centers generally
range in size from one and one-half acres to four acres. We
lease 48 of our Company-owned retail sales centers, which had
aggregate lease payments totaling approximately
$2.6 million in 2004. Sales center lease terms generally
range from monthly to five years. Our sales centers are located
as follows: 18 in California, 14 in Texas, 10 in North Carolina
and 18 in 12 other states.
Our executive offices, which are located in Auburn Hills,
Michigan, and other miscellaneous offices and properties, are
also leased.
14
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| Item 3. |
Legal Proceedings |
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in routine
litigation incidental to our business. This litigation arises
principally from the sale of our products and in various
governmental agency proceedings arising from occupational safety
and health, wage and hour, and similar employment and workplace
regulations. In the opinion of management, none of such matters
presently pending are material to our overall financial position
or results of operations.
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| Item 4. |
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
There were no matters submitted to a vote of Champions
security holders during the fourth quarter of 2004.
15
PART II
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| Item 5. |
Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related
Shareholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities |
(a) Champions common stock is listed on the New York,
Chicago and Pacific Stock Exchanges as ChampEnt and has a ticker
symbol of CHB. The high and low stock prices during each quarter
of 2004 and 2003 were as follows:
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High | |
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Low | |
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2004
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1st Quarter
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$ |
11.47 |
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$ |
6.36 |
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2nd Quarter
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11.68 |
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8.05 |
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3rd Quarter
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10.80 |
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7.53 |
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4th Quarter
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