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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended January 1, 2005 Commission File Number 1-9751
 
CHAMPION ENTERPRISES, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Michigan   38-2743168
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
2701 Cambridge Court, Suite 300,
Auburn Hills, Michigan
 
48326
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(248) 340-9090
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
Title of Each Class   Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
     
Common Stock, $1 par value   New York Stock Exchange
Chicago Stock Exchange
Pacific Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
      Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the Registrant has been required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     þ
      The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of February 23, 2005, based on the last sale price of $10.07 per share for the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on such date, was approximately $506,742,590. As of February 23, 2005, the Registrant had 72,541,002 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
      Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).     Yes þ          No o
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
         
    Part of Form 10-K Report
Document   into which it is incorporated
     
Proxy Statement for Annual Shareholders’ Meeting to be held May 3, 2005     III  
 
 


Champion Enterprises, Inc.
Form 10-K
Fiscal Year End January 1, 2005
Table of Contents
             
 PART I
   Business     1  
   Properties     13  
   Legal Proceedings     15  
   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders     15  
 PART II
   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities     16  
   Selected Financial Information     18  
   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     20  
   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk     37  
   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data     38  
   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure     38  
   Controls and Procedures     38  
   Other Information     38  
 PART III
   Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant     39  
   Executive Compensation     39  
   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management     39  
   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions     39  
   Principal Accountant Fees and Services     39  
 PART IV
   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules     40  
 Signatures     44  
 Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting     45  
FINANCIAL SECTION
 Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules     F-1  
 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm     F-2  
 Consolidated Statements of Operations     F-4  
 Consolidated Balance Sheets     F-5  
 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows     F-6  
 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity     F-7  
 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements     F-8  
 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statement Schedule     F-42  
 Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts     F-43  
 Amendment to the Deferred Compensation Plan
 Subsidiaries of the Company
 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
 Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Section 906


Table of Contents

PART I
Item 1. Business
General
      Established in 1953, Champion Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “Champion,” or “the Company”) primarily produce and sell factory-built homes. As of January 1, 2005, we were operating 29 manufacturing facilities in 14 states in the United States and two provinces in western Canada and 60 retail locations in 15 states.
      Factory-built housing is generally comprised of manufactured housing (also known as “HUD-Code homes”) and modular homes. During the past five years, the manufactured housing (HUD-Code homes) industry has been negatively affected by limited availability of consumer financing and floor plan inventory financing, high levels of homes repossessed from consumers, tightened consumer credit standards, excessive inventories and an uncertain economic outlook. Industry shipments of HUD-Code homes in 2004 were 48% lower than in 2000 while Champion’s sales of HUD-Code homes declined 63% during that period. During this time period modular home industry shipments have grown by an estimated 30% and Champion’s sales of modular homes have more than doubled. Since the beginning of 2000, we have closed, sold, or consolidated 31 manufacturing facilities and approximately 300 retail sales locations to eliminate under-performing operations and rationalize our operations and capacity for industry conditions.
      In 2002, we acquired the manufactured housing consumer loan origination business of CIT Group/ Sales Financing, Inc. Through this business we originated and funded loans to consumers who purchased Champion manufactured homes from both Company-owned and independent retailers. However, our inability to obtain satisfactory financing for this business caused us to exit the consumer finance business in the third quarter of 2003. Results and balances related to this finance business are presented as discontinued operations throughout this Report.
      In 2000, we commenced a focus on marketing and selling factory-built homes to small and medium sized builders and developers. This business is conducted through a number of our manufacturing plants under the brand name “Genesis Homes.”
      In 1999, we entered the manufactured housing communities development business but sold our principal development investment in 2002. Our remaining development operations are not material to the operations of the Company.
Segment Information
      Financial information about the Company’s manufacturing and retail segments is included in Note 16 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this Report. All of our operations are located in the United States except for two manufacturing facilities in western Canada. During each of the last three years these Canadian operations accounted for less than 5% of our consolidated total sales and total assets.
Products
      Most of the homes we produce are constructed to building standards in accordance with the National Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards promulgated by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD-Code homes” or “manufactured homes”). The HUD Code regulates manufactured home design and construction, strength and durability, fire resistance and energy efficiency. Approximately 81.7% of the homes we produced in 2004 were HUD-Code homes compared to 86.2% in 2003. The remaining homes we produced were modular homes (14.3% in 2004 and 10.3% in 2003) or were manufactured and sold in Canada (4.0% in 2004 and 3.5% in 2003). Modular homes are designed and built to meet local building codes. Homes produced and sold in Canada are constructed in accordance with applicable Canadian building standards.

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      Champion produces a broad range of homes under various trade names and brand names and in a variety of floor plans and price ranges. While most of the homes we build are multi-section, ranch-style homes, we also build one and one-half story and two-story homes, single-section homes, cape cod style homes, and multi-family units such as townhouses. The homes that we manufacture generally range in size from 400 to 4,000 square feet and typically include two to four bedrooms, a living room or family room, a dining room, a kitchen, and two full bathrooms.
      We regularly introduce homes with new floor plans, exterior elevations, decors and features. Our corporate marketing and engineering departments work with our manufacturing facilities to design homes that appeal to local markets and consumers’ changing tastes. We focus on designing homes with a traditional residential or site-built appearance through the use of dormers and higher pitched roofs. We also focus on designing energy efficient homes and all of our U.S. manufacturing facilities are qualified to produce “Energy Star®” rated homes.
      Champion designed homes have won numerous awards during the past five years. In 2004, our “Aspen” model won the award for the “Best Production Multi-Section Manufactured Home Over 1,400 Square Feet,” our “Jefferson” model won the award for the “Best Production Modular Home Over 1,400 Square Feet,” and we were selected by Country Living magazine to build its 2005 Home of the Year. In 2003, our Genesis Homes brand was recognized by the National Association of Homebuilders by winning first place in the “Excellence in Model Home Design” competition and our “Cottage” model won the award for the “Best Modular Home Below 2,200 Square Feet.”
      During 2004, the average home net selling price for our manufacturing shipments was $42,000, excluding delivery, and manufacturing sales prices ranged from $15,000 to over $100,000. Retail sales prices of the homes, without land, generally ranged from $25,000 to over $200,000, depending upon size, floor plan, features and options. During 2004, the average retail selling price for new homes sold to consumers by Company-owned retail sales centers was $101,100, including delivery, setup and retailer supplied accessories.
      The chief components and products used in factory-built housing are generally of the same quality as those used by other housing builders, including conventional site-builders. These components include lumber, plywood, chipboard, drywall, steel, vinyl floor coverings, insulation, exterior siding (wood, vinyl and metal), windows, shingles, kitchen appliances, furnaces, plumbing and electrical fixtures and hardware. These components are presently available from several sources and the Company is not dependent upon any particular supplier. Prices of certain materials such as lumber, insulation, steel and drywall can fluctuate significantly due to changes in demand and supply. The Company generally has been able to pass higher material costs on to the consumer in the form of surcharges and base price increases. It is not certain, however, that any future price increases can be passed on to the consumer without affecting demand.
      Most completed homes have carpeting, cabinets, appliances, wall coverings, window treatments, and electrical, heating and plumbing systems. Optional factory installed features include fireplaces, dormers, entertainment centers, and skylights. Upon completion of the home at the factory, it is sold to a retailer and transported directly to the consumer’s home site or to a retail sales center. In connection with the retail sale of the home to the consumer, the home is transported to the home site, placed on a foundation and readied by setup contractors for occupancy. The sections of a multi-section home are joined and the interior and exterior seams are finished at the home site. The consumer purchase of the home may also include retailer or contractor supplied items such as additional appliances, air conditioning, furniture, a porch or deck and a garage.
Production
      Our homes are constructed in indoor facilities using an assembly-line process employing approximately 150 to 250 production employees at each facility. Most of the homes are constructed in one or more sections (also known as floors) on a permanently affixed steel support frame which allows the section(s) to be moved through the assembly line and transported upon sale. The sections of many of the modular homes we produce are built and transported on carriers which are removed after placement of the homes at the home site. Each section or floor is assembled in stages beginning with the construction of the frame and the floor, then adding

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the walls and other constructed and purchased components, and ending with a final quality control inspection. The efficiency of the assembly-line process, protection from the weather, and favorable pricing of materials resulting from our substantial purchasing power enables the Company to produce homes more quickly, and often at a lower cost than a conventional site-built home of similar quality. According to 2003 data reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, manufactured housing costs approximately $33.99 per square foot, compared to $79.21 per square foot for site-built housing, excluding the cost of land.
      The production schedules of our manufacturing facilities are based upon customer (retailer and builder/developer) orders, which can fluctuate from week to week. Orders from retailers are generally subject to cancellation at any time without penalty and are not necessarily an indication of future business. Retailers place orders for retail stocking (inventory) purposes and for consumer purchase orders. Before scheduling homes for production, orders and availability of financing are confirmed with our customer and, where applicable, their floor plan lender.
      Orders are generally filled within 90 days of receipt, depending upon the level of unfilled orders and requested delivery dates. Although factory-built homes can be produced throughout the year in indoor facilities, demand for homes is usually affected by inclement weather and by the cold winter months in northern areas of the U.S. and in Canada.
      We produce homes to fill existing wholesale and retail orders and, therefore, generally our manufacturing plants do not carry finished goods inventories except for homes awaiting delivery. Typically, a one- to three-week supply of raw materials is maintained.
      Charges to transport homes increase with the distance from the factory to the retailer or home site. As a result, most of the retail stores we sell to are located within a 500 mile radius of Champion’s manufacturing plants.
Independent Retailers
      During 2004, approximately 78% of our manufacturing shipments were to approximately 2,400 independent retail locations throughout the U.S. and western Canada. As of January 1, 2005, 845 of these independent retail locations were part of our Champion Home Center (“CHC”) retailer program. CHC retailers have committed to stocking a minimum of 50% of their inventories with Champion-produced homes and to displaying signage identifying their location as a CHC. We continually seek to increase our manufacturing shipments by expanding sales at our existing independent retailers and by finding new independent retailers to sell our homes. Sales to independent CHC retailers accounted for approximately 43% of the homes we produced in 2004, or approximately 55% of the homes we sold to independent retailers. CHC retailers have access to a broad range of products, including modular homes, and to a variety of training programs for sales techniques, management tools, inventory management, and retail customer financing procedures. They also benefit from marketing and advertising support, lead management tools, and Internet applications and support.
      As is common in the industry, our independent retailers may sell homes produced by other manufacturers in addition to those produced by the Company. Some independent retailers operate multiple sales centers. In 2004, no single independent retailer or distributor accounted for more than 2% of our manufacturing sales. The majority of independent retailer home purchases are financed by lending institutions subject to a floor plan agreement and secured by a lien on such homes. We generally receive payment from the lending institution 5 to 15 days after a home is sold and invoiced to an independent retailer. In accordance with trade practice, the Company generally enters into repurchase agreements with the major lending institutions providing floor plan financing, as is more fully described in Note 1 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this Report and in “Contingent Repurchase Obligations” in Item 7 of this Report.
Company-Owned Retail Sales Centers
      Purchases by Company-owned retailers accounted for 8% of the homes shipped by our manufacturing operations in 2004. Of the total new homes sold by Company-owned retailers in 2004, 89% were Champion-produced. Each of our Company-owned retailers carries and sells homes based on availability from suppliers

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and marketability for their local area. At the beginning of 2000, the Company had 308 retail locations in 28 states. The Company has been reducing the number of its retail sales centers in response to industry conditions and to eliminate unprofitable locations. We had 60 retail locations in 15 states as of January 1, 2005, consisting of 37 full service sales centers and 23 sales offices that focus on selling homes into manufactured housing communities.
      Each of our traditional retail sales centers has a sales office, which is generally a factory-built home, and a variety of model homes of various sizes, floor plans, features and prices. Customers may purchase a home from an inventory of homes maintained at the location, including a model home, or may order a home that will be custom-built at a manufacturing facility. Many sales centers also sell pre-owned homes that are obtained through trade-ins or repossessed homes purchased from or sold on a consignment basis for consumer finance companies. At January 1, 2005, Company-owned sales centers had an average inventory of 13 new homes per location, including homes delivered to a consumer home site but not yet recorded as a sale and homes on display in manufactured housing communities. In 2004, floor plan financing was used for less than 50% of Company-owned retailers’ new home inventory.
      Our traditional, Company-owned sales centers are generally located on a main road or highway for high visibility. Model homes may be displayed in a residential setting with sidewalks and landscaping. Sales centers typically employ a manager and three or four commissioned salespersons. Most retail customers finance the purchase of their home through a lending institution. The sales center often assists in arranging financing and insurance on the home, for which a fee may be received. Many consumer purchases of our homes now involve land; therefore, Company-owned retailers often assist the homebuyer with the land component of the purchase transaction. The sales centers may also sell additional accessories in connection with the sale of the home, such as central air conditioning, decks, skirting, and additional appliances. Retailers also often arrange for necessary permits and utility connections.
      During 2005, we plan to divest of most of our remaining traditional retail sales centers. Upon those planned divestitures, our ongoing retail operations will consist primarily of Advantage Homes, which currently operates 18 sales offices which sell homes into manufactured housing communities in California. Advantage Homes specializes in replacing older homes within local manufactured housing communities with new manufactured homes. The homes are placed on sites in the communities, site improvements are made and the homes are readied for sale and occupancy. The sales offices are located in leased premises, from which the site preparation and sales process is managed.
Market
      Factory-built housing competes with other forms of low-cost new housing such as site-built housing, panelized homes and condominiums, and with existing housing such as pre-owned homes and apartments. According to statistics published by the Institute for Building Technology and Safety (“IBTS”) and the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, for the past five years and for 2004 industry shipments of HUD-Code homes accounted for an estimated 11% and 8%, respectively, of all new single-family housing starts and 15% and 10%, respectively, of all new single-family homes sold. Industry wholesale shipments of HUD-Code homes totaled approximately 131,000 homes in both 2004 and 2003, down 48% from 2000 levels, according to data reported by IBTS. Based on data reported by Statistical Surveys, Inc., we estimate that industry retail new HUD-Code home sales in 2004 totaled 145,000 homes, down 8% from 2003 levels. Based on industry data published by the Manufactured Housing Institute (“MHI”), wholesale shipments of modular homes sold rose 12% in 2004 from 2003 levels. Additionally, modular homes sold were 25% of the factory-built housing market in 2004, compared to 22% in 2003 and 11% in 2000.
      The market for factory-built housing is affected by a number of factors, including the availability, cost and credit underwriting standards of consumer financing, consumer confidence, job creation, general economic conditions and the overall affordability of manufactured housing versus other forms of housing. In addition, demographic trends, such as changes in population growth, and competition affect demand for housing products. Interest rates and the availability of financing also influence the affordability of factory-built housing.

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      We believe the segment of the housing market in which factory-built housing is most competitive includes consumers with household incomes under $40,000. This segment has a high representation of young single persons and married couples, as well as elderly or retired persons. The comparatively low cost of fully or partially furnished housing attracts these consumers. Persons in rural areas, where fewer housing alternatives exist, and those who presently live in factory-built homes also make up a significant portion of the demand for new factory-built housing.
      We believe that a much larger market may exist, including apartment dwellers and persons who have traditionally purchased lower-priced site-built homes. Our operations target this market. In the past, a number of factors have restricted demand for factory-built housing, including, in some cases, less-favorable financing terms compared to site-built housing, the effects of restrictive zoning on the availability of certain locations for home placement and, in some cases, an unfavorable public image. Certain of these adverse factors have lessened considerably in recent years with the improved quality and appearance of factory-built housing.
Consumer Financing
      The number of factory-built homes that are sold to consumers and related wholesale demand are significantly affected by the availability, credit underwriting standards, loan terms and cost of consumer financing. Two basic types of consumer financing are available: home-only or personal property loans for purchasers of only the home, and real estate mortgages for purchasers of the home and land on which the home is placed. Loose credit standards for home-only loans in the mid to late 1990s led to a high number of industry repossessions of homes from consumers during the last few years. The poor performance of portfolios of manufactured housing home-only consumer loans in recent years has made it difficult for industry consumer finance companies to obtain long-term capital in the asset-backed securitization market, which has been a significant source of long-term capital for originators of such loans. As a result, consumer finance companies have curtailed their industry lending and some have exited the manufactured housing market. Since 2000, many consumer lenders tightened credit underwriting standards and loan terms and increased interest rates for home-only loans to purchase manufactured homes, which reduced lending volumes and resulted in lower industry sales volumes. Additionally, the industry has seen a number of traditional real estate mortgage lenders tighten terms or discontinue financing for manufactured housing as a result, in part, of program changes by the traditional buyers of conforming mortgage loans, primarily Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
      Based on a survey published by MHI, total new factory-built home retail sales financed with home-only loans have declined to an estimated 30% of industry sales in 2004. In 2000, we estimate that approximately 80% of new factory-built home retail sales were financed with home-only loans. Since the late 1990s the number of factory-built home sales financed with real estate mortgages has been growing. We estimate that the percentage of total new factory-built home retail sales financed with real estate mortgages has increased from approximately 10% in 2000 to over 50% in 2004. The levels of lending availability for both home-only loans and real estate mortgages significantly affect the number of factory-built homes that can be sold to consumers and related wholesale demand. The majority of modular homes are financed with traditional real estate mortgages.
Wholesale Financing
      Independent retailers of factory-built homes generally finance their inventory purchases from manufacturers with floor plan financing provided by third party lending institutions. The availability and cost of floor plan financing can affect the amount of retailer inventory of new homes, the number of retail sales centers and related wholesale demand. During the past five years, several major national floor plan lenders have exited the industry or curtailed their floor plan operations, while a smaller number of national lenders, and a large number of local and regional banks, have entered the market or increased lending volumes.

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Competition
      The factory-built housing industry is highly competitive at both the manufacturing and retail levels, with competition based upon several factors, including price, product features, reputation for service and quality, merchandising and the terms of retailer promotional programs, and retail customer financing. Capital requirements for entry into the industry are relatively low.
      According to MHI, in December 2004 there were 66 producers of manufactured homes in the U.S. operating 210 production facilities. These totals compare to 62 producers operating 206 plants in 2003. In 2003, the top five companies had combined market share of approximately 60% of HUD-Code homes, according to data published by MHI. Based on industry data reported by IBTS, in 2004 our U.S. wholesale market share of HUD-Code homes sold was 14.4%, compared to 16.8% in 2003. This decline in wholesale market share was due primarily to our restructuring actions, which have eliminated under-performing operations and rationalized operations and capacity for industry conditions.
      Based on industry data published by MHI, wholesale shipments of modular homes rose by 12% from 2003 levels. Modular homes sold were 25% of the total factory-built housing market in 2004, compared to 22% in 2003 and 11% in 2000.
      We believe there are an estimated 4,000 industry retail locations throughout the U.S. We sell our homes through Company-owned sales centers and approximately 2,400 independent retailers, which at January 1, 2005 included 845 independent locations that are members of our CHC retail distribution network. In 2004, we also sold homes directly to approximately 500 builders and developers, primarily through our Genesis operations.
Builders and Developers
      In 2004, we sold approximately 3,100 homes (14% of the total homes we produced) directly to 500 builders and developers through our Genesis Homes division and certain of our other homebuilding plants. In this distribution channel the builder/developer generally acquires the land, obtains the appropriate zoning, develops the land and builds the foundation for the home. We design, engineer, build and deliver the home to the site. We or the builder/developer contract a crew to set or place the home on the foundation and to finish the home on site. The builder/developer may construct the garage, patio and porches at the site and either sell the home directly to the consumer or through a realtor. The homes sold through builders/developers may be placed in a subdivision in suburban areas, rather than in rural markets, and are generally larger and have more amenities than the homes we build for our traditional markets. Certain of our builder/developer projects involve multi-family housing units.
Relationship with our Employees
      At January 1, 2005, we had approximately 6,800 employees. We deem our relationship with our employees to be generally good. Currently, our two manufacturing facilities in Canada employ approximately 400 workers, of which 300 are subject to collective bargaining agreements, one which expires in June 2005 and the other which expires in November 2007.
      The workforce of approximately 150 employees at one of our U.S. manufacturing plants voted to unionize in 2001 but petitioned in April 2002 to withdraw from the union. On January 17, 2003 an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) of the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”) made findings that the Company had engaged in unfair labor practices and therefore set aside the employees’ April 2002 formal petition to end union representation. The ALJ ordered the Company to immediately begin to bargain with the union. This was reinforced by a “10-J” bargaining injunction. We believe that the ALJ’s findings were incorrect and have appealed those findings and orders to the NLRB while we continue to bargain.
      In addition, the workforce of approximately 180 employees at another of our U.S. manufacturing plants voted to unionize September 1, 2004. Bargaining began in February 2005 and is ongoing.

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Forward Looking Statements
      Certain statements contained in this Report, including our plans and beliefs regarding availability of liquidity and financing, anticipated capital expenditures, outlook for the factory-built housing industry in particular and the economy in general, availability of wholesale floor plan and consumer financing and characterization of and our ability to control our contingent liabilities, could be construed to be forward looking statements within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In addition, we, or persons acting on our behalf, may from time to time publish or communicate other items that could also be construed to be forward looking statements. Statements of this sort are or will be based on our estimates, assumptions and projections, and are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those specifically listed below that could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in the forward looking statements. We do not undertake to update our forward looking statements or risk factors to reflect future events or circumstances. The following risk factors could materially affect our operating results or financial condition.
      Significant leverage — Our significant debt could limit our ability to obtain additional financing, require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations for debt service and prevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations. If we are unable to pay our debt obligations when due, we could be in default under our debt agreements and our lenders could accelerate our debt or take other actions which could restrict our operations.
      As discussed in Note 8 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this Report, we have a significant amount of debt outstanding, which consists primarily of long-term debt due in 2007 and 2009. This indebtedness could, among other things:
  •  limit our ability to obtain future financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, surety bonds or other requirements;
 
  •  require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness and reduce our ability to use our cash flows for other purposes;
 
  •  limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the factory-built housing industry;
 
  •  place us at a competitive disadvantage to competitors with less indebtedness; and
 
  •  make us more vulnerable in the event of a further downturn in our business or in general economic conditions.
      In addition, our future cash flows may be insufficient to meet our debt service and other obligations. Our business may not generate cash flows from operations in amounts sufficient to pay our debt or to fund other liquidity needs. The factors that affect our ability to generate cash can also affect our ability to raise additional funds through the sale of equity securities, the refinancing of debt or the sale of assets.
      We may need to refinance all or a portion of our debt on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our debt on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to refinance our debt obligations, we could be in default under our debt agreements and our lenders could accelerate our debt or take other actions which could restrict our operations.
      General industry conditions — As a result of the downturn in the manufactured housing industry which began in 1999, during the period beginning in 2000 through 2003 we experienced a decline in sales and incurred operating losses and costs for the closures or consolidations of operations, fixed asset impairment charges and goodwill impairment charges. If industry conditions deteriorate further, our sales could decline further and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      Since mid-1999 the manufactured housing industry has experienced declining manufacturing shipments and retail sales, tightened consumer credit standards, reduced availability of consumer financing, high levels of homes repossessed from consumers, higher interest rates on manufactured housing loans relative to those generally available to site-built homebuyers, a reduced number of consumer and floor plan lenders and reduced floor plan availability. Since the beginning of the industry downturn, we have closed a significant

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number of homebuilding facilities and retail sales locations in an attempt to limit losses and return to profitability. From 2000 through 2003, we reported significant net losses including goodwill impairment charges, a valuation allowance of 100% of our deferred tax assets and restructuring charges, which are each discussed in more detail in Item 7. If industry conditions deteriorate further, our sales could decline further, our operating results and cash flows could suffer and we may incur further losses including additional costs for the closures or consolidations of existing operations, fixed asset impairment charges and goodwill impairment charges.
      Common stock and Senior Notes values — Our common stock price has been volatile and may continue to be volatile given current industry and economic conditions. Our Senior Notes have traded at significant discounts to face value and may trade at discounts in the future.
      The trading value per share of our stock has ranged from $1.65 to $12.25 during 2003 and 2004. Additionally, our two issuances of Senior Notes have traded at discounts to their respective face values. The market prices of our common stock and Senior Notes are affected by many factors including: general economic and market conditions, interest rates, current manufactured housing industry forecasts, Champion’s and our competitors’ operating results, our ability to pay our debt obligations, consumer and wholesale financing availability, the market’s perception of our strategies and the overall market fluctuations unrelated to our Company or the manufactured housing industry. All of these factors may adversely impact the market prices of our common stock and Senior Notes in the future.
      Fluctuations in operating results — The cyclical and seasonal nature of the manufactured housing market has caused our sales and operating results to fluctuate. We expect these fluctuations to continue in the future, which could result in operating losses during downturns.
      The manufactured housing industry is highly cyclical and is influenced by many national and regional economic and demographic factors, including:
  •  terms and availability of financing for homebuyers and retailers;
 
  •  consumer confidence;
 
  •  interest rates;
 
  •  population and employment trends;
 
  •  income levels;
 
  •  housing demand; and
 
  •  general economic conditions, including inflation and recessions.
      In addition, the manufactured housing industry is affected by seasonality. Sales during the period from March to November are traditionally higher than in other months. As a result of the foregoing factors, our sales and operating results fluctuate, and we expect that they will continue to fluctuate in the future. Moreover, we may experience operating losses during cyclical and seasonal downturns in the manufactured housing market.
      Consumer financing availability — Tight credit standards and loan terms, curtailed lending activity, and increased interest rates among consumer lenders have reduced our sales. If consumer financing were to become further curtailed, our sales could decline further and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      The consumers who buy our homes have historically secured consumer financing from third party lenders. The availability, terms and costs of consumer financing depend on the lending practices of financial institutions, governmental regulations and economic and other conditions, all of which are beyond our control. A consumer seeking to finance the purchase of a manufactured home without land will generally pay a higher interest rate and have a shorter loan term than a consumer seeking to finance the purchase of land and the home. Manufactured home consumer financing is at times more difficult to obtain than financing for site-built homes. Since 1999, consumer lenders have tightened the credit underwriting standards and loan terms and

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increased interest rates for loans to purchase manufactured homes, which have reduced lending volumes and caused our sales to decline.
      The poor performance of portfolios of manufactured housing consumer loans in recent years has made it more difficult for industry consumer finance companies to obtain long-term capital in the asset-backed securitization market. As a result, consumer finance companies have curtailed their industry lending and many have exited the manufactured housing market. Additionally, the industry has seen certain traditional real estate mortgage lenders tighten terms or discontinue financing for manufactured housing.
      If consumer financing for manufactured homes were to become further curtailed, we would likely experience further retail and manufacturing sales declines and our operating results and cash flows would suffer.
      Floor plan financing availability — A reduction in floor plan credit availability or tighter loan terms to our independent retailers may cause our manufacturing sales to decline. As a result, our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      Independent retailers of our manufactured homes generally finance their inventory purchases with floor plan financing provided by lending institutions. Reduced availability of floor plan lending or tighter floor plan terms may affect our independent retailers’ inventory levels of new homes, the number of retail sales centers and related wholesale demand. As a result, we could experience manufacturing sales declines or a higher level of retailer defaults and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      Contingent liabilities — We have, and will continue to have, significant contingent wholesale repurchase obligations and other contingent obligations, some of which could become actual obligations that we must satisfy. We may incur losses under these wholesale repurchase obligations or be required to fund these or other contingent obligations that would reduce our cash flows.
      In connection with a floor plan arrangement for our manufacturing shipments to independent retailers, the financial institution that provides the retailer financing customarily requires us to enter into a separate repurchase agreement with the financial institution. Under this separate agreement, generally for a period up to 24 months from the date of our sale to the retailer, upon default by the retailer and repossession of the home by the financial institution, we are generally obligated to purchase from the lender the related floor plan loan or the home at a price equal to the unpaid principal amount of the loan, plus certain administrative and handling expenses, reduced by the cost of any damage to the home and any missing parts or accessories. Our estimated aggregate contingent repurchase obligation at January 1, 2005 was significant and includes significant contingent repurchase obligations relating to our largest independent retail customers. For additional discussion see “Contingent Repurchase Obligations” in Item 7 and Note 13 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this Report. We may be required to honor some or all of our contingent repurchase obligations in the future, which would result in operating losses and reduced cash flows.
      At January 1, 2005, we also had contingent obligations related to surety bonds and letters of credit. For additional detail and discussion, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Report. If we were required to fund a material amount of these contingent obligations, we would have reduced cash flows and could incur losses.
      Dependence upon independent retailers — If we are unable to establish or maintain relationships with independent retailers who sell our homes, our sales could decline and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      During 2004, approximately 78% of our manufacturing shipments of homes were made to independent retail locations throughout the United States and western Canada. As is common in the industry, independent retailers may sell manufactured homes produced by competing manufacturers. We may not be able to establish relationships with new independent retailers or maintain good relationships with independent retailers that sell our homes. Even if we do establish and maintain relationships with independent retailers, these retailers are not obligated to sell our manufactured homes exclusively, and may choose to sell our competitors’ homes instead. The independent retailers with whom we have relationships can cancel these

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relationships on short notice. In addition, these retailers may not remain financially solvent as they are subject to the same industry, economic, demographic and seasonal trends that we face. If we do not establish and maintain relationships with solvent independent retailers in the markets we serve, sales in those markets could decline and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      Effect on liquidity — Industry conditions and our operating results have limited our sources of capital during the past few years. If we are unable to locate alternative sources of capital when needed we may be unable to maintain or expand our business.
      We depend on our cash balances, cash flows from operations, revolving credit facility, and floor plan facilities to finance our operating requirements, capital expenditures and other needs. The downturn in the manufactured housing industry, combined with our operating results and other changes, limited our sources of financing during the past few years. If our cash balances, cash flows from operations, and availability under our revolving credit facility and floor plan facilities are insufficient to finance our operations and alternative capital is not available, we may not be able to expand our business, or we may need to curtail or limit our existing operations.
      We have a significant amount of surety bonds representing collateral for our casualty insurance programs and for general operating purposes. We are required to provide collateral in support of our surety bond programs in the form of letters of credit. For additional detail and information concerning the amounts of our surety bonds and letters of credit, see Note 13 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8 of this Report. The inability to retain our current surety bond provider or obtain alternative bonding sources could require us to post cash collateral, reduce the amount of cash available for our operations or cause us to curtail or limit existing operations.
      Competition — The factory-built housing industry is very competitive. If we are unable to effectively compete, our growth could be limited, our sales could decline and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      The factory-built housing industry is highly competitive at both the manufacturing and retail levels, with competition based, among other things, on price, product features, reputation for service and quality, merchandising, terms of retailer promotional programs and the terms of consumer financing. Numerous companies produce factory-built homes in our markets. A number of our manufacturing competitors also have captive retail distribution systems and consumer finance operations. In addition, there are many independent factory-built housing retail locations in most areas where we have retail operations. Because barriers to entry for manufactured housing retailers are low, we believe that it is relatively easy for new retailers to enter our markets as competitors. In addition, our products compete with other forms of low to moderate-cost housing, including site-built homes, panelized homes, apartments, townhouses and condominiums. If we are unable to effectively compete in this environment, our retail sales and manufacturing shipments could be reduced. As a result, our sales could decline and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      Zoning — If the factory-built housing industry is not able to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, our sales could decline and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.
      Limitations on the number of sites available for placement of manufactured homes or on the operation of manufactured housing communities could reduce the demand for manufactured homes and our sales. Manufactured housing communities and individual home placements are subject to local zoning ordinances and other local regulations relating to utility service and construction of roadways. In the past, property owners often have resisted the adoption of zoning ordinances permitting the use of manufactured homes in residential areas, which we believe has restricted the growth of the industry. Manufactured homes may not receive widespread acceptance and localities may not adopt zoning ordinances permitting the development of manufactured home communities. If the manufactured housing industry is unable to secure favorable local zoning ordinances, our sales could decline and our operating results and cash flows could suffer.

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      Dependence upon executive officers and other key personnel — The loss of any of our executive officers or other key personnel could reduce our ability to manage our businesses and achieve our business plan, which could cause our sales to decline and our operating results and cash flows to suffer.
      We depend on the continued services and performance of our executive officers and other key personnel. If we lose the service of any of our executive officers or other key personnel, it could reduce our ability to manage our businesses and achieve our business plan, which could cause our sales to decline and our operating results and cash flows to suffer.
      Restrictive covenants — The terms of our debt place operating restrictions on us and our subsidiaries and contain various financial performance and other covenants with which we must remain in compliance. If we do not remain in compliance with these covenants, certain of our debt facilities could be terminated and the amounts outstanding thereunder could become immediately due and payable.
      The documents governing the terms of our Senior Notes, primarily the Senior Notes due 2007, contain covenants that place restrictions on us and our subsidiaries. The terms of our debt agreements include covenants that, to varying degrees, restrict our and our subsidiaries’ ability to:
  •  incur additional indebtedness, contingent liabilities and liens;
 
  •  issue additional preferred stock;
 
  •  pay dividends or make other distributions on our common stock;
 
  •  redeem or repurchase common stock and redeem, repay or repurchase subordinated debt;
 
  •  make investments in subsidiaries that are not restricted subsidiaries;
 
  •  enter into joint ventures;
 
  •  use assets as security in other transactions;
 
  •  sell certain assets or enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
 
  •  restrict the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions on their common stock;
 
  •  engage in new lines of business;
 
  •  guarantee or secure indebtedness;
 
  •  consolidate with or merge with or into other companies; and
 
  •  enter into transactions with affiliates.
      We have a $75 million revolving credit facility to use for letters of credit and general corporate purposes. Availability under this credit facility is limited to a borrowing base, and is collateralized by accounts receivable, inventories, property, plant and equipment, cash and other assets. The agreement contains certain financial covenants that require us, only in the event that our liquidity, as defined, falls below $35 million, to maintain certain levels of earnings, as defined, and certain ratios of earnings to fixed charges, as defined in the agreement. In addition, the facility contains covenants that limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness and liens, sell assets and, if liquidity falls below $35 million, make certain investments, pay dividends and purchase or redeem our common stock. For additional detail and discussion concerning these financial covenants see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Report.
      One of our floor plan financing facilities contains a covenant requiring the maintenance of $35 million of liquidity, as defined in the facility, at each month end. If we were to be out of compliance with this covenant, the lender could terminate the credit line and cause the related debt to become immediately due and payable. As is customary for these types of financings, both of our floor plan facilities may be cancelled by the lender with a 30-day notice. For additional detail and discussion concerning these facilities and amounts outstanding see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Report.

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      If we fail to comply with any of these covenants, the lenders could cause our debt to become due and payable prior to maturity. If our debt were accelerated, our assets might not be sufficient to repay our debt in full.
      Potential Dilution — Outstanding preferred stock that is convertible into common stock and redeemable for common stock (and in some cases, at our option, for cash), a warrant to acquire common stock, a deferred purchase price obligation that is payable, at our option, in cash or common stock, and other potential capital or debt reduction transactions could result in potential dilution and impair the price of our common stock.
      At January 1, 2005 there was $8.75 million of Series C preferred stock outstanding, which is convertible into common stock at a rate of $5.66 per share, and $12 million of Series B-2 preferred stock outstanding, which is convertible into common stock at a rate of $7.92 per share. The Series C and B-2 preferred stock have mandatory redemption dates of April 2, 2009 and July 3, 2008, respectively. Our preferred shareholder has the right to redeem this preferred stock for common stock, and, at our option, partially for cash. We pay a quarterly dividend on the preferred stock at a rate of 5% per annum. The dividend is payable in cash or shares of our common stock, at our option.
      We have a warrant outstanding which is exercisable based on approximately 2.2 million shares of common stock at a current strike price of $11.52 per share. The warrant strike price increases annually in April by $0.75 per share. The warrant expires on April 2, 2009. The warrant is exercisable only on a non-cash, net basis, whereby the warrant holder would receive shares of common stock as payment for the net gain upon exercise.
      As of January 1, 2005, we had $2 million of a deferred purchase price obligation. On January 3, 2005, the Company issued 171,136 shares of its common stock in payment of the final installment of this obligation.
      In a series of transactions during 2003 and the first half of 2004, we purchased and retired $71.7 million of our Senior Notes due 2007 and 2009 in exchange for 10.4 million shares of our common stock.
      To the extent that the preferred shareholder elects to convert or redeem the preferred stock into common stock, or we elect to make dividend payments on preferred stock, or we reduce debt obligations through the issuance of common shares, our then existing common shareholders would experience dilution in their percentage ownership interests. The additional shares of common stock that could be available for sale upon conversion or redemption of the preferred stock, as dividends on the preferred stock or in payment of our outstanding debt, may have a negative impact on the market price of our common stock. In addition, sale of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market by the preferred shareholder, the recipients of the deferred purchase price payments, or the exchangers of Senior Notes, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the price of our common stock. Such selling shareholders may determine the timing, structure and terms of any disposition of our common stock, all of which could affect the market price of our common stock.
      We may seek additional sources of capital and financing in the future or issue securities in connection with retiring our outstanding indebtedness, the terms of which may result in additional potential dilution.
Executive Officers of the Company
      Our executive officers, their ages, and the position or office held by each, are as follows:
             
Name   Age   Position or Office
         
William C. Griffiths
    53     President and Chief Executive Officer
Phyllis A. Knight
    42     Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
John J. Collins, Jr. 
    53     Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Bobby J. Williams
    58     Vice President, Operations
Richard P. Hevelhorst
    57     Vice President and Controller
Jeffrey L. Nugent
    58     Vice President, Human Resources
      The executive officers serve at the pleasure of our Board of Directors.

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      Mr. Griffiths became President and Chief Executive Officer of Champion Enterprises, Inc. on August 1, 2004. Previously, since 2001 Mr. Griffiths was employed by SPX Corporation, a global multi-industry company, located in Charlotte, North Carolina, where he was President-Fluid Systems Division. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Griffiths was President-Fluid Systems Division at United Dominion Industries, Inc., which was acquired by SPX Corporation in 2001.
      In 2002, Mrs. Knight joined Champion after leaving Conseco Finance Corp. where since 1994 she served in various executive positions, including Senior Vice President and Treasurer and, most recently, was President of its Mortgage Services Division.
      Mr. Collins joined the Company in 1997 as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary and was promoted to Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in April 2000.
      Mr. Williams joined Champion in 1997 as President, Eastern Manufacturing Region, and was promoted to President, Champion Homes in 2002. He was named Vice President, Operations in 2005.
      Mr. Hevelhorst joined Champion in 1995 as Controller and was promoted to the position of Vice President and Controller in 1999.
      Mr. Nugent joined Champion in September 2004 after leaving SPX Corporation where, since 1991, he served as Vice President, Human Resources for several segments of United Dominion Industries Inc, which SPX Corporation acquired in 2001. Since 2001 he served as Vice President-Fluid Systems Division.
Available Information
      Champion’s Internet address is www.championhomes.net. Champion’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form  8-K, proxy statements and amendments to all such reports and statements are made available via its web site free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
      Additionally, the public may read and copy any materials the Company files with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.
Item 2. Properties
      All of our manufacturing facilities are one story with concrete floors and wood and steel superstructures and generally range from 80,000 to 150,000 square feet. We own all of our manufacturing facilities except for four that are leased, including two capital leases, and four facilities that are located on leased land. Substantially all of the machinery and equipment used in our manufacturing facilities is owned. We believe our plant facilities are generally well maintained and provide ample capacity to meet expected demand.

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      The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the 29 homebuilding facilities we were operating as of January 1, 2005. All of these facilities are assembly-line operations.
     
United States
   
Alabama
  Boaz*
Guin*
Arizona
  Chandler**
California
  Corona***
    Lindsay
    Woodland***
Colorado
  Berthoud
Florida
  Bartow (2 plants)**
    Lake City (2 plants)****
Idaho
  Weiser
Indiana
  LaGrange (3 plants)
    Topeka (3 plants)
Nebraska
  York
New York
  Sangerfield*****
North Carolina
  Lillington
Sanford
Oregon
  Silverton
Pennsylvania
  Claysburg
Ephrata
Tennessee
  Henry
Texas
  Burleson
Canada
   
Alberta
  Medicine Hat
British Columbia
  Penticton
 
*       In January 2005, the operations of the Boaz, Alabama plant were consolidated with the operations of the Guin, Alabama plant and an idle facility in Guin, Alabama was re-opened.
 
**     Includes leased land.
 
***    Facility leased under an operating lease.
 
****   Includes leased land and one facility leased under a capital lease.
 
*****  Facility leased under a capital lease.
      At January 1, 2005, the Company also owned 18 idled manufacturing facilities in 8 states of which 14 were permanent closures generally held for sale. Substantially all of the manufacturing facilities we own are encumbered under first mortgages securing our $75 million revolving credit facility. Two of the facilities are encumbered under industrial revenue bond financing agreements.
      At January 1, 2005, we operated 60 Company-owned retail sales centers in 15 states. Our sales centers generally range in size from one and one-half acres to four acres. We lease 48 of our Company-owned retail sales centers, which had aggregate lease payments totaling approximately $2.6 million in 2004. Sales center lease terms generally range from monthly to five years. Our sales centers are located as follows: 18 in California, 14 in Texas, 10 in North Carolina and 18 in 12 other states.
      Our executive offices, which are located in Auburn Hills, Michigan, and other miscellaneous offices and properties, are also leased.

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
      In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in routine litigation incidental to our business. This litigation arises principally from the sale of our products and in various governmental agency proceedings arising from occupational safety and health, wage and hour, and similar employment and workplace regulations. In the opinion of management, none of such matters presently pending are material to our overall financial position or results of operations.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
      There were no matters submitted to a vote of Champion’s security holders during the fourth quarter of 2004.

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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
      (a) Champion’s common stock is listed on the New York, Chicago and Pacific Stock Exchanges as ChampEnt and has a ticker symbol of CHB. The high and low stock prices during each quarter of 2004 and 2003 were as follows:
                 
    High   Low
         
2004
               
1st Quarter
  $ 11.47     $ 6.36  
2nd Quarter
    11.68       8.05  
3rd Quarter
    10.80       7.53  
4th Quarter