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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
         
  þ     ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
        For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2004
        or
  o     TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 000-50698
GREENFIELD ONLINE, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   06-1440369
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (IRS Employer
Identification No.)
 
21 River Road, Wilton, CT   06897
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(203) 834-8585
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
      Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last ninety days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     o
      Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes o          No þ
      As of March 10, 2005, the aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $261 million, based on the closing price of the Registrant’s common stock on the Nasdaq National Market on March 10, 2005 of $18.48 per share. The Registrant’s common stock was not publicly traded as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
      As of March 10, 2005, there were 21,287,209 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
      The information required by Part III of this report is incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement, relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held in May 2005, which definitive proxy statement will be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
 
 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
                 
        Page
         
Part I
 Item 1.    Business     2  
 Item 2.    Properties     15  
 Item 3.    Legal Proceedings     15  
 Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders     15  
 
Part II
 Item 5.    Market for Registrant’s Common Stock and Related Shareholder Matters     16  
 Item 6.    Selected Financial Data     17  
 Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     20  
 Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk     43  
 Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data     44  
 Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure     82  
 Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures     82  
 Item 9B.    Other Information     82  
 
Part III
 Item 10.    Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant     83  
 Item 11.    Executive Compensation     83  
 Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management     83  
 Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions     83  
 Item 14.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services     83  
 
Part IV
 Item 15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules     83  

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PART I.
SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT
      This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained herein, including, without limitation, predictions and guidance relating to our future financial performance and growing customer demand for online marketing research, sales bookings, bid volume, and backlog. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as, “may”, “should”, “expects”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “potential”, “continue”, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. The forward-looking statements contained herein are based on our current expectations but they involve a number of risks and uncertainties and do not reflect the potential impact of mergers, acquisitions or other business combinations that may be completed after the date of the filing of this Form 10-K. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of risks and uncertainties, which are described in Item 7 of Part II of this Form 10-K and include, without limitation, risks related to our ability to maintain the size and demographic composition of the Greenfield Online panel, our panelists’ responsiveness to our surveys, our reliance on our largest customers, our ability to compete with marketing research firms and other potential competitors, our ability to manage our growth and international expansion, our ability to integrate the businesses we have recently acquired or may acquire in the future, our online business model, demand for our products and services, the strength of our brand and other risks detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission available at www.sec.gov. You are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements herein and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. The forward-looking statements made herein speak only as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation to publicly update such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
Item 1. BUSINESS
      References herein to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Greenfield Online, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context specifically requires otherwise.
Overview
      We are a leading independent provider of Internet survey solutions to the global marketing research industry. We have built and actively manage the Greenfield Online panel, a 100% double opt-in Internet-based panel of over 4.7 million individuals residing in households containing an estimated 12.2 million people. This proprietary panel allows us to supply our clients with diverse, demographically representative survey research data.
      We target our Internet survey solutions to approximately 2,500 full service marketing research and consulting firms in the United States and large international marketing research companies. Our clients use the Internet survey data that we provide to enable companies throughout the world to make critical business decisions. We partner with our clients to leverage their global sales forces, which incorporate our Internet survey solutions into their product offerings. We do not compete with our clients for custom marketing research business. This cooperative marketing strategy provides us with access to broad distribution channels without the need to expand our own sales and marketing resources. For the year ended December 31, 2004, we completed 4,522 Internet-based projects, an 82% increase over 2003. Furthermore, 93 companies each purchased over $100,000 of our products and services in 2004, a 107% increase over 2003.
      Internet survey solutions are faster, more efficient and more cost-effective for collecting high quality marketing research data than traditional, labor-intensive methods such as telephone, direct-mail and mall-based surveying. The Internet allows our panelists to participate 24 hours-a-day in a more convenient and less intrusive environment than traditional data collection methods. Our Internet-based technology interactively engages respondents through the use of images, sound and video, enabling us to collect richer data for our

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clients. We believe Internet-based survey solutions speed survey completion, allow for significantly larger survey sample sizes over a given time period and provide marketing researchers with a cost-effective means of reaching niche segments.
      We believe we are well-positioned to capitalize on evolving dynamics within the global survey research market. Decreasing cooperation rates experienced by the telephone survey industry and the increasing use of mobile phones as a primary means of telephone communication have led to a decline in the effectiveness of traditional telephone-based data collection methods. This decline has been exacerbated by the Do Not Call registry, which was established in 2003. At the same time, Internet penetration and increased broadband usage have accelerated growth in the use of Internet-based marketing research. We believe these dynamics will drive demand for our Internet survey solutions. Through our North American operations, our sales offices in the United Kingdom and Continental Europe and our operations center in India, we believe we are well-positioned to meet this demand.
Recent Developments
Rapidata.net Acquisition
      On January 25, 2005, we completed the acquisition of Rapidata.net, Inc., a privately held North Carolina corporation (“Rapidata”), for $5.5 million in cash plus closing costs, subject to certain post closing adjustments. With the acquisition of Rapidata, we became one of the only survey solutions providers with deep online panel ownership across a broad range of health care provider specialties as well as patient responders who have been profiled for various diseases and ailments. Rapidata’s panel includes practicing physicians across all major specialties, hospital, retail and managed care pharmacists and formulary decision makers, nurses and nurse practitioners, as well as dentists. In addition to providing direct feedback and aggregated data from their patient profiles, pharmacist panel members are able to interview patients at the point of purchase or to recruit patients for future surveys.
Zing Wireless Acquisition
      On February 8, 2005, we completed the acquisition of Zing Wireless, Inc., a privately held California corporation (“goZing”), for approximately $30 million in cash plus closing costs, subject to certain post closing adjustments. The acquisition of goZing, a provider of survey sample solutions, expanded our panel to approximately 4.7 million double opt-in individuals, representing households containing approximately 12.2 million people, plus an additional 3.6 million single opt-in registrants that we intend to convert to double opt-in panelists. After accounting for duplicates and segregating single-opt-in panelists available for conversion, we expect that the total increase in double-opt-in panelists attributable to the goZing acquisition will be approximately 1.0 million panelists. The goZing acquisition increases our international panel by approximately 50 percent, adding more than 243,000 panel members in the U.K., France, Canada, Australia, Spain and the Netherlands. In addition, through the goZing worldwide affiliate network Greenfield Online will now have the ability to contact more than 14 million additional individuals around the globe.
Our Market Opportunity
      Businesses rely on feedback from consumers to make decisions about their products and services. Heightened competition, consolidation, globalization of product markets, acceleration of product launch schedules, shortened product life and rapidly changing consumer preferences define today’s business environment. Marketing research is a critical tool for gathering the information that businesses need to make decisions regarding product portfolios, brand management and advertising.
Factors Affecting the Growth of Internet-Based Marketing Research
      Benefits of Internet-Based Marketing Research. We believe the Internet is fundamentally changing the marketing research industry, allowing researchers to be more responsive to the challenges posed by today’s business environment.

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  •  Benefits to the Marketing Research Industry.
        Speed. Using the Internet, marketing researchers can rapidly access, collect and process large amounts of data from diverse groups. Our proprietary panel management techniques allow us to quickly identify and target groups of panelists to receive and participate in surveys over the Internet. Survey response time on the Internet is measured in hours and days rather than weeks and months. Our technology and expertise allow us to administer thousands of Internet surveys simultaneously.
        Cost Effectiveness. We believe that Internet-based survey solutions lower the cost of marketing research by decreasing data collection costs. Once qualified panelists have been identified and surveys have been developed, the actual cost of data collection through the Internet is significantly less than through traditional methods. Our average charge for a completed survey ranges from $10.00 to $14.00, compared to our estimate of approximately $20.00 to $25.00 per mall survey and $18.00 to $22.00 per telephone survey.
        Improved Results. Members of the Greenfield Online panel are able to complete surveys in the privacy of their own homes, without interacting with interviewers. As a result, we believe interviewer bias is eliminated. Because the Internet provides respondents with a degree of anonymity and privacy not found in telephone or mall-based surveys, we believe Internet survey solutions generate more honest responses, even to sensitive subject matter questions, such as income, personal health, political affiliations and sexual orientation. Internet-based surveys can accommodate a variety of new media as well, including images, sound and video, which cannot be integrated into telephone or mail surveys. We believe that integrating these media allows researchers to capture feedback needed by marketers to assess new product offerings and test new advertising messages more accurately.
        New Opportunities. We believe that Internet-based marketing research offers new options not previously available to research professionals. Internet survey solutions allow research professionals more design flexibility because they are not limited to what can be communicated by an interviewer over the telephone, or detailed on paper. Our Internet survey solutions increase the research options available to our clients by allowing them to embed images, sound and video within their surveys.
  •  Benefits to Survey Respondents.
        Less Intrusive and More Convenient. Our Internet survey solutions are less intrusive than telephone surveys. The Internet expands the amount of data collection time available because respondents can complete surveys at their convenience at any time. In contrast, telephone surveys can only be conducted during limited hours and are often attempted at times of the day, such as dinner time, which many respondents find intrusive and inconvenient.
        More Engaging. Our Internet survey solutions are more engaging than telephone and direct mail surveys because they integrate images, sound and video, and often include advance previews of potential new products, movie trailers and commercials. We believe this advance preview feature makes our Internet survey solutions more compelling and enjoyable for our panelists than surveys administered through traditional methods.
Decline in Effectiveness of Telephone Data Collection.
  •  Telephone Refusal Rates. The telephone is the dominant method for conducting marketing research surveys. However, the number of people refusing to participate in telephone research is increasing rapidly. The Council for Marketing & Opinion Research (“CMOR”), an independent trade organization, reported that telephone interviewers often have little chance of getting past the introduction before respondents refuse to participate. Also adding to the refusal rate is the fact that many potential respondents are among the millions of people who have listed their telephone numbers on the national Do Not Call registry and do not understand that survey research is exempt from that legislation.
 
  •  Advanced Telephone Technology. An increasing number of homes are adopting advanced telephone technologies such as caller ID, answering machines and special ring tones to screen telephone calls and

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  use call blocking to prevent unwanted calls completely. This decreases the opportunity to perform telephone surveys and makes conducting telephone surveys more expensive and time consuming.
 
  •  Adoption of Mobile Telephones as Primary Telecommunication Device. There is a trend among consumers to abandon landline telephones and adopt mobile telephones as their primary means of telecommunication. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 1991, provides that calls cannot be placed by automatic telephone dialing systems to mobile telephone numbers unless the phone owner has given prior consent and is not charged for the call. This legislation impacts the telephone research industry and may become an even larger issue as telephone survey researchers lose access to a significant portion of the population switching to mobile telephones as a result of recent number portability regulations.
 
  •  Proliferation of Non-usable Telephone Numbers. An increasing proportion of telephone numbers are being used by devices such as fax machines and computer modems. As a result of this trend, telephone survey data collectors are required to dial an ever-increasing volume of telephone numbers in order to reach the same number of respondents, thereby increasing their expenses.

      Growth in Internet Penetration. Studies reflect that the percentage of the U.S. and European population using the Internet is growing. As Internet penetration increases, and in particular as broadband penetration climbs, we believe the migration from traditional data collection methods to Internet-based data collection will accelerate. As the population of Internet users increases, a larger and more diverse group of people become accessible to us as potential panelists and the quality of the Greenfield Online panel will likely improve.
Our Competitive Position
      We believe we are well-positioned for continued growth in our target market and the following strengths differentiate us from our competitors.
  •  The Greenfield Online Panel. The Greenfield Online panel is one of the largest Internet-based panels available. As of December 31, 2004, the Greenfield Online panel consisted of approximately 3.7 million panelists that had double opted-in to participate in our surveys. We continue to actively expand the breadth and demographics of the Greenfield Online panel to address the needs of our clients. As part of this strategy, on October 21, 2004 we completed the acquisition of the OpinionSurveys.com panel from The Dohring Company. In January and February 2005, we completed the acquisitions of Rapidata and goZing, respectively, which added approximately 10,000 and 1.0 million individuals to the Greenfield Online panel, respectively. These acquisitions, combined with our on-going recruiting efforts, have expanded the Greenfield Online panel, as of the end of February 2005, to approximately 4.7 million double opt-in individuals representing households containing approximately 12.2 million people. Also, as a result of the goZing transaction, we acquired an additional 3.6 million single opt-in registrants we intend to convert to double opt-in panelists. We perform extensive screening and analysis of our panelists, which allows us to offer our clients premium specialty panels comprised of people with similar characteristics. We have the ability to quickly reach appropriate target audiences within our panel for a wide range of client requests, including respondents in the healthcare, automotive, Hispanic, business-to-business, information technology and international segments. The Greenfield Online panel completed 4,522 Internet-based marketing research projects in 2004.
 
  •  Experienced Panel Management. Over the past 10 years, we have developed proprietary panel management techniques designed to maximize the efficiency and productivity of the Greenfield Online panel. We maintain a fresh and active panel by continually adding new members and seeking additional information from our panelists. These panel management techniques allow us to efficiently target our survey invitations and create relevant cash and non-cash incentive programs for our panelists. Additionally, we maintain policies to protect the confidentiality of our panelists’ personal information and prohibit marketing to our panelists using information obtained through their survey participation. We believe that these policies have enabled us to develop a relationship of trust with our panelists and foster a climate that encourages their continued participation in our surveys.

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  •  Complete Internet Survey Solutions. We offer a wide range of Internet survey solutions that enable the global marketing research industry to conduct Internet-based research. Our complete range of survey solutions facilitates the migration from traditional survey methods to Internet-based methods and eliminates the need for our clients to develop their own Internet research capabilities.
 
  •  Focused Sales Strategy. Our focused sales strategy seeks to incorporate our Internet survey solutions into our clients’ research proposals that they present to the end-users of the data we collect. Our client relationships are strengthened by this cooperative sales strategy which allows us to leverage their global sales forces as a distribution channel for our products and services. We do not compete with our clients for custom marketing research business from end-users.
 
  •  Significant Operating Leverage. We believe our Internet-based business model provides significant operating leverage and should lead to expansion of our operating income margin if we succeed in growing our revenues. As compared to offline-based data collection models, which have high variable costs, such as telephone data collection models or mail-based data collection models, our Internet-based model is low variable cost in nature. As such, once the investment in infrastructure has been made, we realize the benefit of low incremental variable costs associated with revenue growth. By leveraging the established Greenfield Online panel, conducting an increasing number of surveys using our existing technology infrastructure and benefiting from our operations center in India, we believe we will continue to improve our operating leverage.
 
  •  Well-Established Brand and Commitment to Customer Service. We were founded in 1994 and conducted our first Internet-based marketing research project in 1995. Since our inception, we have built and refined the Greenfield Online panel and maintained a commitment to industry-leading customer service. For example, in 2003 we established an operations center near New Delhi, in Gurgaon, India, which is integrated with our U.S., Canadian and U.K. facilities and allows us to provide our clients with continuous survey programming, data collection and processing services. Our early entry into the Internet-based survey marketing research industry, the quality of the Greenfield Online panel and our commitment to customer service have enabled us to develop a strong brand within the marketing research industry.
Our Strategy
      Our goal is to maintain and build upon our leadership position within the global Internet survey solutions market. In order to achieve this goal, our strategy is to:
  •  Drive Migration to Internet-Based Marketing Research. We believe the Internet is the best method to reach a representative population sample as compared to the telephone and other traditional survey methods. As a result there is an ongoing transition within the marketing research industry to Internet-based survey solutions. We will continue to facilitate this transition and capitalize on this migration by:
  •  Increasing the Size and Diversity of the Greenfield Online Panel. As the Greenfield Online panel becomes larger and more diverse, we will be able to reach smaller segments of the population allowing us to specifically target our clients’ research needs and offer higher value data.
 
  •  Expanding the Range of Our Specialty Panels. Our current specialty panels include healthcare, automotive, Hispanic, business-to-business, information technology and international panel segments. Our ability to capture and access specific demographic information about our panelists allows us to provide our clients with access to research audiences that were difficult or impossible to find through other methods.
 
  •  Developing New and Innovative Internet-Based Survey Solutions. New solutions, such as our media testing capabilities, integrate images, sound, video and other media directly into our surveys and provide a more interactive and engaging process than current methods.
 
  •  Providing Faster and Better Service than Traditional Data Collection Methods. Our clients seek suppliers that can provide high-quality panels and fast and accurate bid-turnaround and survey

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  programming, allowing them more time to analyze survey data and provide timely, quality research for their customers. To achieve this strategy, we leverage our automated bid technology, skilled project management staff and our continuous survey programming capability.

  •  Expand Internationally. During 2005, we intend to further develop our capabilities outside the United States, expanding the size and diversity of the Greenfield Online panel by adding more panelists from the United Kingdom, Germany, France and other European countries as well as Canada. To facilitate this panel growth we have engaged qualified panel managers in Canada and the United Kingdom who are focused on combining our proprietary panel management techniques with local knowledge to develop more responsive and representative panels in their regions. We also intend to expand our sales and revenue generating presence internationally by deploying additional sales personnel in Germany, France and Canada. As of December 31, 2004 we had four sales representatives in Canada, four in the United Kingdom and one in Germany. We believe the migration of data collection to the Internet in the international market is in its early stages and represents a significant growth opportunity.
 
  •  Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. We intend to seek additional strategic acquisitions both in the United States and internationally in order to:
  •  Increase the Size and Diversity of the Greenfield Online Panel. Acquired businesses may have panel assets that extend the Greenfield Online panel into new demographic areas, such as information technology decision makers, or expand the size of the general panel allowing us to find and reach more highly targeted samples.
 
  •  Accelerate Time to Scale. Acquiring panel assets, sales channels and customer relationships will allow us to accelerate our growth and allow us to fulfill all of our clients’ Internet survey solution needs. Acquired panel assets will allow us to rapidly meet industry demand through the incorporation of proven survey participants into the Greenfield Online panel.
 
  •  Acquire New Technology. We will seek to acquire technologies or applications, which allow us to offer new and innovative Internet survey solutions.
      We believe that we derive additional benefits through expansion of our panel by acquisition of pre-existing panels compared to expansion through our web-based recruiting efforts because, in our opinion, acquired panels: contain detailed demographic and survey history about their members gained over time; are comprised of members who have demonstrated a willingness to participate in surveys; and decrease the time to scale our overall survey capacity.
The Greenfield Online Panel
      As of December 31, 2004, the Greenfield Online panel was comprised of approximately 3.7 million individuals who voluntarily participated in our surveys, representing households consisting of an estimated 9.6 million people. The number of panelists as of December 31, 2004 includes the OpinionSurveys.com panel that we acquired from The Dohring Company on October 21, 2004, which added approximately 1.1 million individuals to the Greenfield Online panel representing households consisting of an estimated 3.0 million people. Excluded from the panel numbers above are approximately 1.0 million panelists acquired from the acquisitions of Rapidata.net and goZing.com.
Panel Acquisition.
      We continuously recruit from a diverse pool of sources, including Internet portals, special interest, age and ethnicity focused and other websites. We administer our internally developed webmaster affiliate program to enable broad based panelist recruitment from lower-traffic niche websites. As of December 31, 2004, the number of participating affiliates in our webmaster program grew to 646 websites, consisting primarily of lower-traffic niche websites. To become an affiliate in our webmaster program (a “webmaster affiliate”), approved website operators download images and graphics enabling them to recruit members for the Greenfield Online panel on their website.

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      Each webmaster affiliate receives a specific identification code and is compensated based on the number of panelists recruited through its website. In addition, as of December 31, 2004, we were actively recruiting panelists with 55 additional large websites, data suppliers and advertising networks. Through these programs and arrangements, we acquire new panelists from Internet portals and special interest websites by conducting email campaigns with sweepstakes and other incentives and by posting new banner advertisements on webpages. Individuals viewing or receiving these solicitations are directed to a Greenfield Online recruiting webpage where they are asked for demographic and other personal information. After completing this demographic survey, potential panelists are asked to confirm their desire to be panel members by email or web interface. Upon this confirmation, the panelists are registered as active members of the Greenfield Online panel.
      Prior to the commencement of the fourth quarter of 2004, our webmaster affiliate program and our panelist recruiting arrangements were our primary sources for diversifying the Greenfield Online panel. We believe that the combination of acquisitions and this diversified recruitment strategy helps us fulfill our goal of maintaining one of the largest and most representative panels, while also helping to ensure a continuous, cost-effective supply of survey takers.
Panel Management.
      To extract maximum value from an Internet survey panel, proper panel management techniques must be employed. We utilize senior copywriters to design our communication materials, a well-maintained website, including customized panelist web pages for certain targeted groups, and responsive help desk support personnel to ensure that each contact we make with a panelist is a positive experience. We have developed performance metrics relating to panelist workload, responsiveness and participation and constantly test alternative communication strategies and incentive programs to ensure optimal panel productivity. We utilize an automated process to regularly probe our panel for additional profile data so that we can more accurately target our surveys and maximize the productivity of our panelists’ time. We employ several methods to help ensure that the demographic data provided by panel members is accurate. We believe that for the most part these methods allow us to have a high level of confidence in the accuracy of the data we provide. We also believe after many years of conducting online surveys that the vast majority of survey takers answer honestly and participate in surveys in order to have their opinions heard. Some of the methods we use are:
  •  The registration process takes place before a panel member is invited to participate in a survey, so there is no incentive to submit anything but accurate information;
 
  •  Survey invitations are delivered to respondents according to the demographic requirements of a survey and the panel member does not know the demographic information used to select them as potentially qualifying for the survey;
 
  •  We do not indicate the desired demographic in the survey invitation so panel members are not tempted to fabricate profile information in order to qualify for the survey;
 
  •  Survey takers are only allowed one opportunity to take a survey and are not able to change their answers during multiple attempts to qualify for the survey; and
 
  •  Only one email address is allowed per physical household address, which prevents establishing multiple accounts for the purpose of taking surveys multiple times.
Panel Incentives.
      Members of the Greenfield Online panel are offered incentives for participating in our surveys. We use a combination of sweepstakes and cash incentives, administered through our own incentive program, to encourage our panelists’ participation. With the acquisition of goZing, we now offer certain non-cash related gift certificates such as downloads of music and other credits to be utilized for shopping online. The incentive level for a particular survey project is based upon the length and complexity of the survey and the difficulty in finding or motivating the survey’s target audience. We typically initiate a survey with a modest incentive and then adjust the incentive level up or down as we invite more panelists to take the survey, and depending on the

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initial response of our panelists. With this strategy, we efficiently balance the invitation quantity and incentive level to achieve the desired number of completed surveys within the specified client timeframe.
Our Internet-Based Survey Solutions
      We offer survey solutions exclusively using Internet-based methods supported by the Greenfield Online panel. These survey solutions are customized to our clients’ needs, including our full-service data collection and sample solutions.
Full-Service
      We program our clients’ surveys, host them on our website infrastructure, invite our panelists to take the surveys and deliver the compiled data to our clients for their analysis and presentation to the end-user. Our clients can utilize our complete range of Internet survey solutions, including embedded images, sound and video, store-shelf simulation testing and other 3D image demonstrations. Our full-service solutions also include our review of survey responses for internal consistency, data tabulation and verbatim response interpretation and coding services. Our full-service solutions take research questionnaires designed by our clients from programming through data delivery. The following table describes the products and services that comprise our full-service capabilities and a representative application for each product or service.
         
Product   Description   Representative Application
 
Tracking Studies
  Studies that are fielded over time to determine advertising awareness and brand usage   Automobile manufacturers track consumer awareness of their brand to evaluate the effectiveness of their media spending
 
Conjoint Studies
  Studies that conduct a “trade-off” analysis of features/functionality   Mobile phone carriers use these studies to design service plans with features that will attract the most consumers
 
Concept Testing
  Studies that present product concepts to potential consumers   Consumer packaged goods companies test a range of new product offering to identify those with the most appeal to consumers
 
Media/Audio Testing
  Studies to evaluate the persuasiveness and key message recall associated with advertising   Health and beauty care manufacturers use these studies to test different versions of a new advertising campaign to see which is most likely to result in the purchase of their product
 
In-Home Usage Testing
  Studies that ask respondents to try new products in their home   Over-the-counter remedy manufacturers ask consumers to test their products and provide feedback on the Internet
 
Omnibus Studies
  Shared-cost studies that enable several clients to pool small sets of questions and receive feedback within 3 days   All industries take advantage of this product to get fast answers to urgent marketing questions

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Sample Solutions
      Clients that have survey programming capabilities, but have limited or no access to survey respondents, can purchase controlled access to the Greenfield Online panel. We believe that this offering is regarded in the marketplace as a high-value service, which we maintain by collecting demographic information upon panelist enrollment and by providing respondents to our clients who accurately match our clients’ demographic requirements.
Our Customers
      Our primary target market is full-service custom marketing research and consulting firms. We provide Internet survey solutions to firms of all sizes in this marketplace. In 2004, our top five clients by net revenue were: GfK-Custom Research, Inc. (“GfK-CRI”), Hall and Partners, Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch, GfK-ARBOR, LLC, (“GfK-ARBOR”) and Millward Brown, Inc. In March 2004, GfK AG, the parent of our largest client, GfK-CRI, acquired ARBOR, Inc., now GfK-ARBOR. Together, in 2004, GfK-CRI and GfK-ARBOR accounted for approximately 13% of our total net revenues. In December 2004 and January 2005, we entered into separate partner agreements with GfK-CRI and GfK-ARBOR, respectively, whereby GfK-CRI and GfK-ARBOR are each obligated to purchase all or substantially all of their Internet survey solutions from us through December 31, 2005, subject to certain limited exceptions. Our top client in 2003 was Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch, with which we had an alliance agreement requiring it to make purchases of at least $5.6 million of our products and services from January 31, 2002 to January 31, 2004. Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch satisfied this obligation and is no longer contractually required to purchase our products and services. In 2003, Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch’s parent company acquired NFO Worldgroup, Inc., which maintains and operates a large Internet respondent panel similar to our own. As a result of this acquisition, the revenues we received from Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch in 2004 were less than in 2003.
      We have seen a strong trend across marketing research firms of shifting their data collection methodology to Internet survey solutions. As of December 31, 2004, our client base has grown to a diversified group of over 507 clients, of which 93 each purchased over $100,000 in survey data collection services from us in 2004, up from 45 such clients in 2003. Our top ten clients represented approximately 37% of our net revenues in 2004, down from 53% of our net revenues in 2003. In each of the last three years, we successfully grew our client base by adding over 100 new clients each year.
      We have a partner program with 30 active clients. Our partner program provides preferred pricing, dedicated sales and service account teams and integrated marketing support and tools, as well as customized marketing materials to support the Internet research sales efforts of these client partners. We also have integrated systems for pricing, project-scoping and the project-delivery process with these clients. Because we are exclusively an Internet survey data provider and not a custom marketing research business, our clients often seek our participation in their sales and marketing efforts and integrate the Greenfield Online panel into their research proposals as a critical selling component.
Sales and Marketing
      We use a combination of sales professionals, account executives and our automated bid technology to maximize the personal interaction between sales professionals and current and prospective clients, while minimizing our sales and marketing costs. In the last few years, we made substantial investments in our sales infrastructure to better serve our clients and enter new markets. We have established regional offices in San Francisco, California, Toronto, Ontario and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and have sales representatives located in Colorado, Maryland, New Jersey, the United Kingdom and Germany. Accordingly, our sales and marketing professionals are assigned to geographic, client-based and industry-specific territories and, in certain instances, to specialized research markets. As of December 31, 2004, we employed 41 sales and marketing professionals. By selling through the marketing research channel, we experience significant sales leverage and return on invested sales and marketing dollars.

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Competition
      We currently compete with Internet-based survey data collection providers, Internet sample providers that provide access to survey respondents but do not offer survey technologies, technology companies that have developed tools for conducting Internet marketing research and traditional marketing research companies. In a broader sense, we also compete with suppliers of survey data collection services that use traditional methodologies, such as telephone interviewers, mall interviewers and direct mail operators. The primary competitive factors in the survey data collection industry include the quality and timeliness of data collection, the price of products and services and overall reputation in the marketplace. We believe we distinguish ourselves from our competitors through a combination of high-quality service provided by experienced professionals, client responsiveness, the size and diverse demographics of the Greenfield Online panel, process efficiencies and a dedicated focus on servicing the marketing research industry.
      We compete for clients with other Internet-based marketing research data collection firms, such as SPSS Service Bureau and Harris Interactive Service Bureau; firms offering respondent-only services, such as Survey Sampling, Inc., Ciao AG and e-Rewards, Inc.; and large marketing research companies, such as The Kantar Group and Harris Interactive, Inc. who maintain their own panels of online respondents. We estimate that there are approximately five Internet-based marketing research data collection firms with which we compete in the United States and Canada, and three such firms in Europe. We estimate that we have three U.S. based competitors offering respondent-only services, and no significant competitors in Europe. Finally, we estimate that in the United States, Canada and Europe, there are approximately nine full-service marketing research companies that have developed their own Internet-based respondent panels that may offer data collection services, four of which claim to have respondent panels that are larger than the Greenfield Online panel.
      We also expect to face competition in the future from other marketing research data collection firms that develop Internet-based products and services or other companies with access to large databases of individuals with whom they can communicate through the Internet. These companies may, either alone or in alliance with other firms, penetrate the Internet-based marketing research data collection market.
Technology and Intellectual Property
      Our systems are based on internally-developed and third-party software, and have been designed to reduce downtime in the event of outages or catastrophic occurrences. Our technology infrastructure provides continuous availability. We host our primary technology systems at our Wilton, Connecticut data center. To maintain reliability and to assure even distribution of work load, survey development and analysis of panel and survey data, we have replicated the functionality of the Wilton data center at a UUNET co-location facility under a co-location service agreement, which provides for redundant power supply and communications systems. Our Wilton facility is equipped with our own uninterruptible power supply, heating, ventilation and fire suppression systems. Data is backed up on a daily basis at both the UUNET and Wilton locations, and we routinely remove backed-up data from our primary storage facilities.
      We utilize the Confirmit survey development software program created and licensed by Future Information Research Management, Inc. to program our surveys so that they can be displayed through the Internet and taken by our panelists. We believe that this software represents the current standard in the Internet-based marketing research data collection industry.
      We have integrated several software technologies into our Internet survey solutions and have developed software programs to assist in this integration and otherwise improve our products and services. During the course of adopting the Confirmit survey development software, we developed our own software applications we call “bridges” that allow us to archive, access and manage panel data collected during Confirmit surveys and transfer this data to our panel database. We have also integrated streaming video and three dimensional imaging software into our Internet survey solutions.
Our computer systems are susceptible to planned overloads initiated by third-parties, commonly referred to as denial of service attacks. While it is impossible to prevent a denial of service attack without disconnecting our

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computer systems from the Internet, we have taken measures to reduce the potential harm such an attack could cause by:
  •  employing a geographically distributed multi-site architecture of web sites and applications creating separately located and redundant back-up systems, which minimizes the risk of a total shutdown due to a denial of service attack targeted at a specific location; and
 
  •  subscribing to multiple Internet Service Providers and having been assigned multiple network blocks or groups of Internet addresses within these ISPs, which provides us with flexibility in switching between Internet addresses and service providers during an attack targeting specific Internet addresses.
      We own multiple domain names and manage and administer the computers that associate these domain names with Internet addresses. This in-house management provides a measure of defense during a denial of service attack because we can rapidly redirect a domain name to a different Internet address if the addresses are the subjects of the attack, and we can rapidly switch to another domain name in order to conduct business on the Internet if the domain name is the subject of the attack.
      We regard our copyrights, service marks, trademarks, trade dress, trade secrets, proprietary technology and similar intellectual property as critical to our success and rely on trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection, confidentiality and assignment of invention agreements and/or license agreements with employees, customers, independent contractors, partners and others to protect our proprietary rights. We strategically pursue the registration of our trademarks and service marks in the United States and have applied for and obtained registrations in the United States for some of our trademarks and service marks. Millward Brown, Inc. owns the rights in the United States to the names Greenfield and Greenfield Online, holds a U.S. registration for the Greenfield mark and has a pending registration in the United States of the Greenfield Online mark. We maintain an exclusive, perpetual, royalty-free license from Millward Brown, Inc. (as successor to Greenfield Consulting Group, Inc.) to the Greenfield Online trademark for Internet qualitative and quantitative marketing research data collection services and to use the Greenfield name as part of our Internet domain names. Power your Researchsm, Power Your Research With Our Experience, Our People, Our Technologysm, SAMsm, Survey Alerts Managersm, Research Revolution®, NetReach®, FieldSource® and OpinionSurveys.com® are our trademarks, trade names and service marks. Neither we nor Millward Brown, Inc. have sought trademark registration of the Greenfield or Greenfield Online names outside the United States. Additionally, through our acquisition of the OpinionSurveys.com panel in October 2004, we acquired title to the domain names OpinionSurveys.com and OpinionSurvey.com, as well as certain intellectual property associated with the OpinionSurveys.com panel, including a pending application to register OpinionSurvey. Effective trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection for intellectual property may not be available in every country in which our products and services are made available through the Internet.
Governmental Regulation
Do Not Call Registry
      In January 2002, the FTC adopted a rule that created a national Do Not Call registry that allows people to register their telephone numbers on a list from which telemarketers are prohibited from calling, which went into effect in October 2003. We believe the Do Not Call registry has had a beneficial effect upon our business because we believe it has prompted more marketing research companies to adopt Internet-based survey data collection methods as opposed to telephone-based data collection methods. We also believe that the Do Not Call registry is an outgrowth of a pervasive dissatisfaction within the U.S. population with the amount and intrusiveness of unwanted telephone solicitations. According to a study conducted in 2004 by Pioneer Marketing Research, DialTek L.P. and BayaSoft LLC, marketing research buyers and suppliers are recognizing that this dissatisfaction is also directed at marketing surveys conducted by telephone and, as a result, data gatherers are migrating to Internet survey solutions such as the services that we provide.

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Telephone Consumer Protection Act
      In 1991, Congress passed the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”), granting the FCC the authority to promulgate rules protecting the privacy rights of people with telephones who wanted to avoid unwanted telemarketing calls. The FCC adopted rules to enforce this authority and under these rules telemarketers are prohibited from making telephone calls before 8 a.m. and after 9 p.m. The TCPA, which is the authorizing legislation for the FCC’s Do Not Call registry, also prohibits calls made to mobile telephones if the call is made using an automatic telephone dialing system (defined as equipment which has the capacity to store or produce telephone numbers to be called using a random or sequential number generator and to dial such numbers) or an artificial or pre-recorded voice, and if the call recipient is charged for the call.
Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003
      The federal Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (the “CAN-SPAM Act”), which took effect on January 1, 2004, imposes a series of new requirements on the use of commercial email messages. The CAN-SPAM Act gives federal civil and criminal enforcement authorities new tools to combat unsolicited commercial email, and allows state attorneys general and Internet access services to enforce its civil provisions. The CAN-SPAM Act also directs the FTC to issue new regulations that define relevant criteria, which have not yet been promulgated, and to enforce the Act. Among other things, one proposal being examined by the FTC is a federal “Do Not Email” registry. The CAN-SPAM Act and the regulations enforcing the Act may significantly impact the manner in which we recruit and communicate with our panelists. It may also expose us to potential liability or require us to change or abandon our webmaster affiliate program and other recruitment techniques. The CAN-SPAM Act may require us to develop technology or systems to comply with its requirements for honoring “opt-out” requests. The CAN-SPAM Act provides a variety of remedies, including statutory damages, for each improper email sent. Additionally, there are many state statutes that purport to regulate the distribution of commercial email. Some of those statutes, or portions thereof, are preempted by the CAN-SPAM Act, but others may still be enforceable and provide for civil and criminal enforcement, and the imposition of penalties and damages for their violation. If we cannot comply with the requirements of the CAN-SPAM Act or these state statutes, we may need to cease operating portions of our business and our business could suffer.
The Internet Tax Freedom Act
      The Internet Tax Freedom Act (the “ITFA”), that was originally passed in 1995, prohibited states or political subdivisions from (i) imposing taxes on Internet access and (ii) imposing multiple and discriminatory taxes on e-commerce. The ITFA expired on November 1, 2003 and has not been renewed. As a result of the expiration of the ITFA, states are no longer prohibited under federal law from imposing taxes that were covered by the ITFA. In the absence of a renewal of the ITFA, states may begin to impose taxes on Internet access, related charges and other e-commerce products and services. If one or more states impose such taxes in a manner that results in the taxation of Internet access providers, ourselves, our customers or other parties upon whom these parties’ or our panelists’ rely for access to the Internet or other products or services, it may harm our business.
Telecommunications Act of 1996
      In February 1999, the FCC issued a declaratory ruling interpreting the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to allow local exchange carriers to receive reciprocal compensation for traffic delivered to information service providers, particularly Internet service providers, on the basis that traffic bound for Internet service providers is largely interstate. As a result of this ruling, the costs of transmitting data over the Internet may increase. If this occurs, our tax liability and operating expenses may increase, and our business could suffer.
European Commission’s Directive on Data Protection
      The European Commission’s Directive on Data Protection (the “EC Directive”) went into effect in October 1998, and prohibited the transfer of personal data to non-European Union nations that do not meet

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the European “adequacy” standard for privacy protection. The United States takes a different approach to privacy from that taken by the European Union. The United States uses a sectoral approach that relies on a mix of legislation, regulation and self-regulation. The European Union, however, relies on comprehensive legislation that, for example, requires creation of government data protection agencies, registration of databases with those agencies, and in some instances prior approval before personal data processing may begin. As a result of these different approaches, the Directive could have significantly hampered the ability of U.S. companies to engage in many trans-Atlantic transactions.
      In order to bridge these different privacy approaches and provide a streamlined means for U.S. organizations to comply with the EC Directive, the U.S. Department of Commerce in consultation with the European Commission developed a “safe harbor” framework. To be assured of safe harbor benefits, an organization needs to self certify annually to the U.S. Department of Commerce in writing that it agrees to adhere to the safe harbor’s requirements, which includes elements such as notice, choice, access, and enforcement. It must also state in its published privacy policy statement that it adheres to the safe harbor guidelines. We self-certify to the U.S. Department of Commerce to this effect and state in our published privacy policy statement that we adhere to the safe harbor guidelines. The Department of Commerce maintains a list of all organizations that file self-certification letters and make both the list and the self-certification letters publicly available.
      To qualify for the safe harbor, an organization can (1) join a self-regulatory privacy program that adheres to the safe harbor’s requirements; or (2) develop its own self regulatory privacy policy that conforms to the safe harbor. We have self-certified to the U.S. Department of Commerce and have joined TRUSTe, a United States-based self-regulatory privacy program. As a result, we have been certified as compliant with the “safe harbor” guidelines.
Proposed Anti-Outsourcing Legislation
      In addition to the foregoing laws and regulations, several states have introduced legislation aimed at restricting overseas outsourcing and encouraging U.S. businesses to keep their operations within the United States. The U.S. Senate has recently approved an amendment that would prohibit companies from using money received under federal contracts in connection with jobs that are outsourced overseas, and would prohibit state contract work from being performed overseas with money received from federal grants. If these or similar laws or regulations are enacted, our ability to continue overseas operations could be harmed and our competitive position would be damaged.
Employees
      As of December 31, 2004, we employed a total of 281 people. Of our U.S.-based employees, 32 are in sales and marketing, 37 are in client service, 14 are in technology development and 22 are in finance and administration. GFOL India employed 146 people, all located in Gurgaon, India. GFOL Europe employed six people, located in Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, and one person located in Munich, Germany. Greenfield Online Canada Ltd. employed 23 people, all located in Toronto, Ontario. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any work stoppages and consider our relationship with our employees to be good.
Available Information
      We make available free of charge on or through our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our Internet address is www.greenfield.com.

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Item 2. PROPERTIES
      Our headquarters and principal U.S. operations facility occupies approximately 30,000 square feet and is located at 21 River Road, Wilton, Connecticut, under a lease that expires in November 2009. Our other U.S. operations facility is located in San Francisco, California, where we lease approximately 8,179 square feet under a lease that expires in September 2009. During 2004, we leased approximately 5,000 square feet of space in San Francisco, California, under a lease that expired in December 2004, which was not renewed. We also lease a data center to support our operations that occupies approximately 3,100 square feet in Wilton, Connecticut, along with office space in East Brunswick, New Jersey, Bethesda, Maryland, Centennial, Colorado and Bloomington, Minnesota to support our sales and marketing team.
      Our international offices are based in Gurgaon, India, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, and Toronto, Ontario. Our operations facility in Gurgaon, near New Delhi, occupies approximately 19,300 square feet under a lease that expires in March 2007, unless renewed at our option for up to two additional three-year terms. Our facility in Buckinghamshire, which is used primarily for sales and marketing, occupies approximately 455 square feet under a lease that expires in September 2005. Our facility in Toronto consists of approximately 2,500 square feet, which we occupy under a lease that expires on October 1, 2005, but which we, or the landlord, may terminate on 60 days written notice. In addition to these facilities, we sublease approximately 5,600 square feet of office space in Gurgaon, India that we formerly occupied prior to our move to the new Gurgaon space. With the exception of our Toronto facility, which we are seeking to relocate to larger premises, we believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable future and that additional or alternative facilities may be leased on commercially reasonable terms to meet our future needs, if necessary.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
      From time to time, we may become involved in litigation relating to claims arising from our ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.
Item 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
      No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2004.

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PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
      a) Market Information
      Our common stock has been traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “SRVY” since July 16, 2004. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the range of high and low closing prices per share of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq National Market:
                   
    High   Low
         
2004
               
 
Third Quarter (commencing July 16, 2004)
  $ 22.18     $ 14.50  
 
Fourth Quarter
  $ 24.10     $ 17.28  
2005
               
 
First Quarter (through March 10, 2005)
  $ 21.79     $ 16.11  
      b) Holders of the Corporation’s Capital Stock
      As of March 10, 2005, we had approximately 43 stockholders of record, including record holders on behalf of an indeterminate number of beneficial holders.
      c) Dividends
      No cash dividends have been declared on our common stock to date and we do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the expansion and operation of our business. Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will be at our board of directors’ discretion and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and other factors that our board of directors considers to be relevant.
      d) Use of Proceeds
      On July 15, 2004, our registration statement on Form S-1 was declared effective for our initial public offering, pursuant to which we sold 4 million shares of common stock. The stock was offered to the public at $13.00 per share and we received net proceeds of approximately $34.8 million (after underwriters’ commissions of $3.6 million, the $9.4 million conversion and dividend payment to holders of our Series B Convertible Participating Preferred Stock, the $2.1 million mandatory redemption of Series C-2 Redeemable Non-Voting Preferred Stock and expenses of approximately $2.1 million). We used the net proceeds from the initial public offering to fund the acquisitions of OpinionSurveys.com, Rapidata.net and Zing Wireless, Inc. in October 2004, January 2005 and February 2005, respectively.
      On December 6, 2004, our registration statement on Form S-1 was declared effective for our follow-on public offering, pursuant to which we sold 4.5 million shares of common stock. The stock was offered to the public at $18.16 per share and we received net proceeds of approximately $76.4 million (after underwriters’ commissions of $4.5 million and expenses of approximately $0.8 million). We intend to use the net proceeds from our follow-on public offering for working capital and general corporate purposes, including potential acquisitions. Pending use of the net proceeds of this offering, we have invested the funds in short-term, interest bearing, investment-grade securities.
      e) Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
      None.
      f) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
      None.

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Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
      The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
                                           
    Years Ended December 31,
     
    2004   2003   2002   2001   2000
                     
    (In thousands, except per share data)
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
                                       
Net revenues: