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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2004 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File Number: 000-50698
GREENFIELD ONLINE, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware |
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06-1440369 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
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(IRS Employer
Identification No.) |
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21 River Road, Wilton, CT |
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06897 |
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(Address of principal executive offices) |
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(Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code:
(203) 834-8585
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
None
Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15
(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the last ninety
days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of
Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes o No þ
As of March 10, 2005, the aggregate market value of the
Registrants common stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant was approximately $261 million, based on the
closing price of the Registrants common stock on the
Nasdaq National Market on March 10, 2005 of $18.48 per
share. The Registrants common stock was not publicly
traded as of the last business day of its most recently
completed second fiscal quarter.
As of March 10, 2005, there were 21,287,209 shares of
the Registrants common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The information required by Part III of this report is
incorporated by reference from the Registrants definitive
proxy statement, relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders
scheduled to be held in May 2005, which definitive proxy
statement will be filed not later than 120 days after the
end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I.
SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking
statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements
other than statements of historical fact contained herein,
including, without limitation, predictions and guidance relating
to our future financial performance and growing customer demand
for online marketing research, sales bookings, bid volume, and
backlog. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking
statements by terminology such as, may,
should, expects, plans,
anticipates, believes,
estimates, predicts,
potential, continue, or the negative of
these terms or other comparable terminology. The forward-looking
statements contained herein are based on our current
expectations but they involve a number of risks and
uncertainties and do not reflect the potential impact of
mergers, acquisitions or other business combinations that may be
completed after the date of the filing of this Form 10-K.
Our actual results and the timing of events could differ
materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking
statements as a result of risks and uncertainties, which are
described in Item 7 of Part II of this Form 10-K
and include, without limitation, risks related to our ability to
maintain the size and demographic composition of the Greenfield
Online panel, our panelists responsiveness to our surveys,
our reliance on our largest customers, our ability to compete
with marketing research firms and other potential competitors,
our ability to manage our growth and international expansion,
our ability to integrate the businesses we have recently
acquired or may acquire in the future, our online business
model, demand for our products and services, the strength of our
brand and other risks detailed in our filings with the
Securities and Exchange Commission available at www.sec.gov. You
are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the
forward-looking statements herein and are cautioned not to place
undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which are
qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. The
forward-looking statements made herein speak only as of the date
hereof and we undertake no obligation to publicly update such
forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or
circumstances.
References herein to we, us or
our refer to Greenfield Online, Inc. and its
consolidated subsidiaries unless the context specifically
requires otherwise.
Overview
We are a leading independent provider of Internet survey
solutions to the global marketing research industry. We have
built and actively manage the Greenfield Online panel, a 100%
double opt-in Internet-based panel of over 4.7 million
individuals residing in households containing an estimated
12.2 million people. This proprietary panel allows us to
supply our clients with diverse, demographically representative
survey research data.
We target our Internet survey solutions to approximately 2,500
full service marketing research and consulting firms in the
United States and large international marketing research
companies. Our clients use the Internet survey data that we
provide to enable companies throughout the world to make
critical business decisions. We partner with our clients to
leverage their global sales forces, which incorporate our
Internet survey solutions into their product offerings. We do
not compete with our clients for custom marketing research
business. This cooperative marketing strategy provides us with
access to broad distribution channels without the need to expand
our own sales and marketing resources. For the year ended
December 31, 2004, we completed 4,522 Internet-based
projects, an 82% increase over 2003. Furthermore,
93 companies each purchased over $100,000 of our products
and services in 2004, a 107% increase over 2003.
Internet survey solutions are faster, more efficient and more
cost-effective for collecting high quality marketing research
data than traditional, labor-intensive methods such as
telephone, direct-mail and mall-based surveying. The Internet
allows our panelists to participate 24 hours-a-day in a
more convenient and less intrusive environment than traditional
data collection methods. Our Internet-based technology
interactively engages respondents through the use of images,
sound and video, enabling us to collect richer data for our
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clients. We believe Internet-based survey solutions speed survey
completion, allow for significantly larger survey sample sizes
over a given time period and provide marketing researchers with
a cost-effective means of reaching niche segments.
We believe we are well-positioned to capitalize on evolving
dynamics within the global survey research market. Decreasing
cooperation rates experienced by the telephone survey industry
and the increasing use of mobile phones as a primary means of
telephone communication have led to a decline in the
effectiveness of traditional telephone-based data collection
methods. This decline has been exacerbated by the Do Not Call
registry, which was established in 2003. At the same time,
Internet penetration and increased broadband usage have
accelerated growth in the use of Internet-based marketing
research. We believe these dynamics will drive demand for our
Internet survey solutions. Through our North American
operations, our sales offices in the United Kingdom and
Continental Europe and our operations center in India, we
believe we are well-positioned to meet this demand.
Recent Developments
On January 25, 2005, we completed the acquisition of
Rapidata.net, Inc., a privately held North Carolina corporation
(Rapidata), for $5.5 million in cash plus
closing costs, subject to certain post closing adjustments. With
the acquisition of Rapidata, we became one of the only survey
solutions providers with deep online panel ownership across a
broad range of health care provider specialties as well as
patient responders who have been profiled for various diseases
and ailments. Rapidatas panel includes practicing
physicians across all major specialties, hospital, retail and
managed care pharmacists and formulary decision makers, nurses
and nurse practitioners, as well as dentists. In addition to
providing direct feedback and aggregated data from their patient
profiles, pharmacist panel members are able to interview
patients at the point of purchase or to recruit patients for
future surveys.
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Zing Wireless Acquisition |
On February 8, 2005, we completed the acquisition of Zing
Wireless, Inc., a privately held California corporation
(goZing), for approximately $30 million in cash
plus closing costs, subject to certain post closing adjustments.
The acquisition of goZing, a provider of survey sample
solutions, expanded our panel to approximately 4.7 million
double opt-in individuals, representing households containing
approximately 12.2 million people, plus an additional
3.6 million single opt-in registrants that we intend to
convert to double opt-in panelists. After accounting for
duplicates and segregating single-opt-in panelists available for
conversion, we expect that the total increase in double-opt-in
panelists attributable to the goZing acquisition will be
approximately 1.0 million panelists. The goZing acquisition
increases our international panel by approximately
50 percent, adding more than 243,000 panel members in the
U.K., France, Canada, Australia, Spain and the Netherlands. In
addition, through the goZing worldwide affiliate network
Greenfield Online will now have the ability to contact more than
14 million additional individuals around the globe.
Our Market Opportunity
Businesses rely on feedback from consumers to make decisions
about their products and services. Heightened competition,
consolidation, globalization of product markets, acceleration of
product launch schedules, shortened product life and rapidly
changing consumer preferences define todays business
environment. Marketing research is a critical tool for gathering
the information that businesses need to make decisions regarding
product portfolios, brand management and advertising.
Factors Affecting the Growth of Internet-Based Marketing
Research
Benefits of Internet-Based Marketing Research. We believe
the Internet is fundamentally changing the marketing research
industry, allowing researchers to be more responsive to the
challenges posed by todays business environment.
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Benefits to the Marketing Research Industry. |
Speed. Using the Internet, marketing researchers can
rapidly access, collect and process large amounts of data from
diverse groups. Our proprietary panel management techniques
allow us to quickly identify and target groups of panelists to
receive and participate in surveys over the Internet. Survey
response time on the Internet is measured in hours and days
rather than weeks and months. Our technology and expertise allow
us to administer thousands of Internet surveys simultaneously.
Cost Effectiveness. We believe that Internet-based
survey solutions lower the cost of marketing research by
decreasing data collection costs. Once qualified panelists have
been identified and surveys have been developed, the actual cost
of data collection through the Internet is significantly less
than through traditional methods. Our average charge for a
completed survey ranges from $10.00 to $14.00, compared to our
estimate of approximately $20.00 to $25.00 per mall survey
and $18.00 to $22.00 per telephone survey.
Improved Results. Members of the Greenfield Online panel
are able to complete surveys in the privacy of their own homes,
without interacting with interviewers. As a result, we believe
interviewer bias is eliminated. Because the Internet provides
respondents with a degree of anonymity and privacy not found in
telephone or mall-based surveys, we believe Internet survey
solutions generate more honest responses, even to sensitive
subject matter questions, such as income, personal health,
political affiliations and sexual orientation. Internet-based
surveys can accommodate a variety of new media as well,
including images, sound and video, which cannot be integrated
into telephone or mail surveys. We believe that integrating
these media allows researchers to capture feedback needed by
marketers to assess new product offerings and test new
advertising messages more accurately.
New Opportunities. We believe that Internet-based
marketing research offers new options not previously available
to research professionals. Internet survey solutions allow
research professionals more design flexibility because they are
not limited to what can be communicated by an interviewer over
the telephone, or detailed on paper. Our Internet survey
solutions increase the research options available to our clients
by allowing them to embed images, sound and video within their
surveys.
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Benefits to Survey Respondents. |
Less Intrusive and More Convenient. Our Internet survey
solutions are less intrusive than telephone surveys. The
Internet expands the amount of data collection time available
because respondents can complete surveys at their convenience at
any time. In contrast, telephone surveys can only be conducted
during limited hours and are often attempted at times of the
day, such as dinner time, which many respondents find intrusive
and inconvenient.
More Engaging. Our Internet survey solutions are more
engaging than telephone and direct mail surveys because they
integrate images, sound and video, and often include advance
previews of potential new products, movie trailers and
commercials. We believe this advance preview feature makes our
Internet survey solutions more compelling and enjoyable for our
panelists than surveys administered through traditional methods.
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Decline in Effectiveness of Telephone Data
Collection. |
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Telephone Refusal Rates. The telephone is the dominant
method for conducting marketing research surveys. However, the
number of people refusing to participate in telephone research
is increasing rapidly. The Council for Marketing &
Opinion Research (CMOR), an independent trade
organization, reported that telephone interviewers often have
little chance of getting past the introduction before
respondents refuse to participate. Also adding to the refusal
rate is the fact that many potential respondents are among the
millions of people who have listed their telephone numbers on
the national Do Not Call registry and do not understand that
survey research is exempt from that legislation. |
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Advanced Telephone Technology. An increasing number of
homes are adopting advanced telephone technologies such as
caller ID, answering machines and special ring tones to screen
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use call blocking to prevent unwanted calls completely. This
decreases the opportunity to perform telephone surveys and makes
conducting telephone surveys more expensive and time consuming. |
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Adoption of Mobile Telephones as Primary Telecommunication
Device. There is a trend among consumers to abandon landline
telephones and adopt mobile telephones as their primary means of
telecommunication. The Telephone Consumer Protection Act,
enacted in 1991, provides that calls cannot be placed by
automatic telephone dialing systems to mobile telephone numbers
unless the phone owner has given prior consent and is not
charged for the call. This legislation impacts the telephone
research industry and may become an even larger issue as
telephone survey researchers lose access to a significant
portion of the population switching to mobile telephones as a
result of recent number portability regulations. |
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Proliferation of Non-usable Telephone Numbers. An
increasing proportion of telephone numbers are being used by
devices such as fax machines and computer modems. As a result of
this trend, telephone survey data collectors are required to
dial an ever-increasing volume of telephone numbers in order to
reach the same number of respondents, thereby increasing their
expenses. |
Growth in Internet Penetration. Studies reflect that the
percentage of the U.S. and European population using the
Internet is growing. As Internet penetration increases, and in
particular as broadband penetration climbs, we believe the
migration from traditional data collection methods to
Internet-based data collection will accelerate. As the
population of Internet users increases, a larger and more
diverse group of people become accessible to us as potential
panelists and the quality of the Greenfield Online panel will
likely improve.
Our Competitive Position
We believe we are well-positioned for continued growth in our
target market and the following strengths differentiate us from
our competitors.
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The Greenfield Online Panel. The Greenfield Online panel
is one of the largest Internet-based panels available. As of
December 31, 2004, the Greenfield Online panel consisted of
approximately 3.7 million panelists that had double
opted-in to participate in our surveys. We continue to actively
expand the breadth and demographics of the Greenfield Online
panel to address the needs of our clients. As part of this
strategy, on October 21, 2004 we completed the acquisition
of the OpinionSurveys.com panel from The Dohring Company. In
January and February 2005, we completed the acquisitions of
Rapidata and goZing, respectively, which added approximately
10,000 and 1.0 million individuals to the Greenfield Online
panel, respectively. These acquisitions, combined with our
on-going recruiting efforts, have expanded the Greenfield Online
panel, as of the end of February 2005, to approximately
4.7 million double opt-in individuals representing
households containing approximately 12.2 million people.
Also, as a result of the goZing transaction, we acquired an
additional 3.6 million single opt-in registrants we intend
to convert to double opt-in panelists. We perform extensive
screening and analysis of our panelists, which allows us to
offer our clients premium specialty panels comprised of people
with similar characteristics. We have the ability to quickly
reach appropriate target audiences within our panel for a wide
range of client requests, including respondents in the
healthcare, automotive, Hispanic, business-to-business,
information technology and international segments. The
Greenfield Online panel completed 4,522 Internet-based marketing
research projects in 2004. |
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Experienced Panel Management. Over the past
10 years, we have developed proprietary panel management
techniques designed to maximize the efficiency and productivity
of the Greenfield Online panel. We maintain a fresh and active
panel by continually adding new members and seeking additional
information from our panelists. These panel management
techniques allow us to efficiently target our survey invitations
and create relevant cash and non-cash incentive programs for our
panelists. Additionally, we maintain policies to protect the
confidentiality of our panelists personal information and
prohibit marketing to our panelists using information obtained
through their survey participation. We believe that these
policies have enabled us to develop a relationship of trust with
our panelists and foster a climate that encourages their
continued participation in our surveys. |
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Complete Internet Survey Solutions. We offer a wide range
of Internet survey solutions that enable the global marketing
research industry to conduct Internet-based research. Our
complete range of survey solutions facilitates the migration
from traditional survey methods to Internet-based methods and
eliminates the need for our clients to develop their own
Internet research capabilities. |
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Focused Sales Strategy. Our focused sales strategy seeks
to incorporate our Internet survey solutions into our
clients research proposals that they present to the
end-users of the data we collect. Our client relationships are
strengthened by this cooperative sales strategy which allows us
to leverage their global sales forces as a distribution channel
for our products and services. We do not compete with our
clients for custom marketing research business from end-users. |
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Significant Operating Leverage. We believe our
Internet-based business model provides significant operating
leverage and should lead to expansion of our operating income
margin if we succeed in growing our revenues. As compared to
offline-based data collection models, which have high variable
costs, such as telephone data collection models or mail-based
data collection models, our Internet-based model is low variable
cost in nature. As such, once the investment in infrastructure
has been made, we realize the benefit of low incremental
variable costs associated with revenue growth. By leveraging the
established Greenfield Online panel, conducting an increasing
number of surveys using our existing technology infrastructure
and benefiting from our operations center in India, we believe
we will continue to improve our operating leverage. |
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Well-Established Brand and Commitment to Customer
Service. We were founded in 1994 and conducted our first
Internet-based marketing research project in 1995. Since our
inception, we have built and refined the Greenfield Online panel
and maintained a commitment to industry-leading customer
service. For example, in 2003 we established an operations
center near New Delhi, in Gurgaon, India, which is integrated
with our U.S., Canadian and U.K. facilities and allows us to
provide our clients with continuous survey programming, data
collection and processing services. Our early entry into the
Internet-based survey marketing research industry, the quality
of the Greenfield Online panel and our commitment to customer
service have enabled us to develop a strong brand within the
marketing research industry. |
Our Strategy
Our goal is to maintain and build upon our leadership position
within the global Internet survey solutions market. In order to
achieve this goal, our strategy is to:
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Drive Migration to Internet-Based Marketing Research. We
believe the Internet is the best method to reach a
representative population sample as compared to the telephone
and other traditional survey methods. As a result there is an
ongoing transition within the marketing research industry to
Internet-based survey solutions. We will continue to facilitate
this transition and capitalize on this migration by: |
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Increasing the Size and Diversity of the Greenfield Online
Panel. As the Greenfield Online panel becomes larger and
more diverse, we will be able to reach smaller segments of the
population allowing us to specifically target our clients
research needs and offer higher value data. |
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Expanding the Range of Our Specialty Panels. Our current
specialty panels include healthcare, automotive, Hispanic,
business-to-business, information technology and international
panel segments. Our ability to capture and access specific
demographic information about our panelists allows us to provide
our clients with access to research audiences that were
difficult or impossible to find through other methods. |
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Developing New and Innovative Internet-Based Survey
Solutions. New solutions, such as our media testing
capabilities, integrate images, sound, video and other media
directly into our surveys and provide a more interactive and
engaging process than current methods. |
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Providing Faster and Better Service than Traditional Data
Collection Methods. Our clients seek suppliers that can
provide high-quality panels and fast and accurate bid-turnaround
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programming, allowing them more time to analyze survey data and
provide timely, quality research for their customers. To achieve
this strategy, we leverage our automated bid technology, skilled
project management staff and our continuous survey programming
capability. |
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Expand Internationally. During 2005, we intend to further
develop our capabilities outside the United States, expanding
the size and diversity of the Greenfield Online panel by adding
more panelists from the United Kingdom, Germany, France and
other European countries as well as Canada. To facilitate this
panel growth we have engaged qualified panel managers in Canada
and the United Kingdom who are focused on combining our
proprietary panel management techniques with local knowledge to
develop more responsive and representative panels in their
regions. We also intend to expand our sales and revenue
generating presence internationally by deploying additional
sales personnel in Germany, France and Canada. As of
December 31, 2004 we had four sales representatives in
Canada, four in the United Kingdom and one in Germany. We
believe the migration of data collection to the Internet in the
international market is in its early stages and represents a
significant growth opportunity. |
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Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. We intend to seek
additional strategic acquisitions both in the United States and
internationally in order to: |
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Increase the Size and Diversity of the Greenfield Online
Panel. Acquired businesses may have panel assets that extend
the Greenfield Online panel into new demographic areas, such as
information technology decision makers, or expand the size of
the general panel allowing us to find and reach more highly
targeted samples. |
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Accelerate Time to Scale. Acquiring panel assets, sales
channels and customer relationships will allow us to accelerate
our growth and allow us to fulfill all of our clients
Internet survey solution needs. Acquired panel assets will allow
us to rapidly meet industry demand through the incorporation of
proven survey participants into the Greenfield Online panel. |
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Acquire New Technology. We will seek to acquire
technologies or applications, which allow us to offer new and
innovative Internet survey solutions. |
We believe that we derive additional benefits through expansion
of our panel by acquisition of pre-existing panels compared to
expansion through our web-based recruiting efforts because, in
our opinion, acquired panels: contain detailed demographic and
survey history about their members gained over time; are
comprised of members who have demonstrated a willingness to
participate in surveys; and decrease the time to scale our
overall survey capacity.
The Greenfield Online Panel
As of December 31, 2004, the Greenfield Online panel was
comprised of approximately 3.7 million individuals who
voluntarily participated in our surveys, representing households
consisting of an estimated 9.6 million people. The number
of panelists as of December 31, 2004 includes the
OpinionSurveys.com panel that we acquired from The Dohring
Company on October 21, 2004, which added approximately
1.1 million individuals to the Greenfield Online panel
representing households consisting of an estimated
3.0 million people. Excluded from the panel numbers above
are approximately 1.0 million panelists acquired from the
acquisitions of Rapidata.net and goZing.com.
We continuously recruit from a diverse pool of sources,
including Internet portals, special interest, age and ethnicity
focused and other websites. We administer our internally
developed webmaster affiliate program to enable broad based
panelist recruitment from lower-traffic niche websites. As of
December 31, 2004, the number of participating affiliates
in our webmaster program grew to 646 websites, consisting
primarily of lower-traffic niche websites. To become an
affiliate in our webmaster program (a webmaster
affiliate), approved website operators download images and
graphics enabling them to recruit members for the Greenfield
Online panel on their website.
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Each webmaster affiliate receives a specific identification code
and is compensated based on the number of panelists recruited
through its website. In addition, as of December 31, 2004,
we were actively recruiting panelists with 55 additional large
websites, data suppliers and advertising networks. Through these
programs and arrangements, we acquire new panelists from
Internet portals and special interest websites by conducting
email campaigns with sweepstakes and other incentives and by
posting new banner advertisements on webpages. Individuals
viewing or receiving these solicitations are directed to a
Greenfield Online recruiting webpage where they are asked for
demographic and other personal information. After completing
this demographic survey, potential panelists are asked to
confirm their desire to be panel members by email or web
interface. Upon this confirmation, the panelists are registered
as active members of the Greenfield Online panel.
Prior to the commencement of the fourth quarter of 2004, our
webmaster affiliate program and our panelist recruiting
arrangements were our primary sources for diversifying the
Greenfield Online panel. We believe that the combination of
acquisitions and this diversified recruitment strategy helps us
fulfill our goal of maintaining one of the largest and most
representative panels, while also helping to ensure a
continuous, cost-effective supply of survey takers.
To extract maximum value from an Internet survey panel, proper
panel management techniques must be employed. We utilize senior
copywriters to design our communication materials, a
well-maintained website, including customized panelist web pages
for certain targeted groups, and responsive help desk support
personnel to ensure that each contact we make with a panelist is
a positive experience. We have developed performance metrics
relating to panelist workload, responsiveness and participation
and constantly test alternative communication strategies and
incentive programs to ensure optimal panel productivity. We
utilize an automated process to regularly probe our panel for
additional profile data so that we can more accurately target
our surveys and maximize the productivity of our panelists
time. We employ several methods to help ensure that the
demographic data provided by panel members is accurate. We
believe that for the most part these methods allow us to have a
high level of confidence in the accuracy of the data we provide.
We also believe after many years of conducting online surveys
that the vast majority of survey takers answer honestly and
participate in surveys in order to have their opinions heard.
Some of the methods we use are:
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The registration process takes place before a panel member is
invited to participate in a survey, so there is no incentive to
submit anything but accurate information; |
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Survey invitations are delivered to respondents according to the
demographic requirements of a survey and the panel member does
not know the demographic information used to select them as
potentially qualifying for the survey; |
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We do not indicate the desired demographic in the survey
invitation so panel members are not tempted to fabricate profile
information in order to qualify for the survey; |
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Survey takers are only allowed one opportunity to take a survey
and are not able to change their answers during multiple
attempts to qualify for the survey; and |
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Only one email address is allowed per physical household
address, which prevents establishing multiple accounts for the
purpose of taking surveys multiple times. |
Members of the Greenfield Online panel are offered incentives
for participating in our surveys. We use a combination of
sweepstakes and cash incentives, administered through our own
incentive program, to encourage our panelists
participation. With the acquisition of goZing, we now offer
certain non-cash related gift certificates such as downloads of
music and other credits to be utilized for shopping online. The
incentive level for a particular survey project is based upon
the length and complexity of the survey and the difficulty in
finding or motivating the surveys target audience. We
typically initiate a survey with a modest incentive and then
adjust the incentive level up or down as we invite more
panelists to take the survey, and depending on the
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initial response of our panelists. With this strategy, we
efficiently balance the invitation quantity and incentive level
to achieve the desired number of completed surveys within the
specified client timeframe.
Our Internet-Based Survey Solutions
We offer survey solutions exclusively using Internet-based
methods supported by the Greenfield Online panel. These survey
solutions are customized to our clients needs, including
our full-service data collection and sample solutions.
We program our clients surveys, host them on our website
infrastructure, invite our panelists to take the surveys and
deliver the compiled data to our clients for their analysis and
presentation to the end-user. Our clients can utilize our
complete range of Internet survey solutions, including embedded
images, sound and video, store-shelf simulation testing and
other 3D image demonstrations. Our full-service solutions also
include our review of survey responses for internal consistency,
data tabulation and verbatim response interpretation and coding
services. Our full-service solutions take research
questionnaires designed by our clients from programming through
data delivery. The following table describes the products and
services that comprise our full-service capabilities and a
representative application for each product or service.
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Representative Application |
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Tracking Studies
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Studies that are fielded over time to determine advertising
awareness and brand usage |
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Automobile manufacturers track consumer awareness of their brand
to evaluate the effectiveness of their media spending |
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Conjoint Studies
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Studies that conduct a trade-off analysis of
features/functionality |
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Mobile phone carriers use these studies to design service plans
with features that will attract the most consumers |
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Concept Testing
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Studies that present product concepts to potential consumers |
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Consumer packaged goods companies test a range of new product
offering to identify those with the most appeal to consumers |
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Media/Audio Testing
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Studies to evaluate the persuasiveness and key message recall
associated with advertising |
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Health and beauty care manufacturers use these studies to test
different versions of a new advertising campaign to see which is
most likely to result in the purchase of their product |
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In-Home Usage Testing
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Studies that ask respondents to try new products in their home |
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Over-the-counter remedy manufacturers ask consumers to test
their products and provide feedback on the Internet |
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Omnibus Studies
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Shared-cost studies that enable several clients to pool small
sets of questions and receive feedback within 3 days |
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All industries take advantage of this product to get fast
answers to urgent marketing questions |
9
Clients that have survey programming capabilities, but have
limited or no access to survey respondents, can purchase
controlled access to the Greenfield Online panel. We believe
that this offering is regarded in the marketplace as a
high-value service, which we maintain by collecting demographic
information upon panelist enrollment and by providing
respondents to our clients who accurately match our
clients demographic requirements.
Our Customers
Our primary target market is full-service custom marketing
research and consulting firms. We provide Internet survey
solutions to firms of all sizes in this marketplace. In 2004,
our top five clients by net revenue were: GfK-Custom Research,
Inc. (GfK-CRI), Hall and Partners, Taylor Nelson
Sofres Intersearch, GfK-ARBOR, LLC, (GfK-ARBOR) and
Millward Brown, Inc. In March 2004, GfK AG, the parent of our
largest client, GfK-CRI, acquired ARBOR, Inc., now GfK-ARBOR.
Together, in 2004, GfK-CRI and GfK-ARBOR accounted for
approximately 13% of our total net revenues. In December 2004
and January 2005, we entered into separate partner agreements
with GfK-CRI and GfK-ARBOR, respectively, whereby GfK-CRI and
GfK-ARBOR are each obligated to purchase all or substantially
all of their Internet survey solutions from us through
December 31, 2005, subject to certain limited exceptions.
Our top client in 2003 was Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch,
with which we had an alliance agreement requiring it to make
purchases of at least $5.6 million of our products and
services from January 31, 2002 to January 31, 2004.
Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch satisfied this obligation and
is no longer contractually required to purchase our products and
services. In 2003, Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearchs
parent company acquired NFO Worldgroup, Inc., which maintains
and operates a large Internet respondent panel similar to our
own. As a result of this acquisition, the revenues we received
from Taylor Nelson Sofres Intersearch in 2004 were less than in
2003.
We have seen a strong trend across marketing research firms of
shifting their data collection methodology to Internet survey
solutions. As of December 31, 2004, our client base has
grown to a diversified group of over 507 clients, of which 93
each purchased over $100,000 in survey data collection services
from us in 2004, up from 45 such clients in 2003. Our top ten
clients represented approximately 37% of our net revenues in
2004, down from 53% of our net revenues in 2003. In each of the
last three years, we successfully grew our client base by adding
over 100 new clients each year.
We have a partner program with 30 active clients. Our partner
program provides preferred pricing, dedicated sales and service
account teams and integrated marketing support and tools, as
well as customized marketing materials to support the Internet
research sales efforts of these client partners. We also have
integrated systems for pricing, project-scoping and the
project-delivery process with these clients. Because we are
exclusively an Internet survey data provider and not a custom
marketing research business, our clients often seek our
participation in their sales and marketing efforts and integrate
the Greenfield Online panel into their research proposals as a
critical selling component.
Sales and Marketing
We use a combination of sales professionals, account executives
and our automated bid technology to maximize the personal
interaction between sales professionals and current and
prospective clients, while minimizing our sales and marketing
costs. In the last few years, we made substantial investments in
our sales infrastructure to better serve our clients and enter
new markets. We have established regional offices in
San Francisco, California, Toronto, Ontario and
Minneapolis, Minnesota, and have sales representatives located
in Colorado, Maryland, New Jersey, the United Kingdom and
Germany. Accordingly, our sales and marketing professionals are
assigned to geographic, client-based and industry-specific
territories and, in certain instances, to specialized research
markets. As of December 31, 2004, we employed 41 sales and
marketing professionals. By selling through the marketing
research channel, we experience significant sales leverage and
return on invested sales and marketing dollars.
10
Competition
We currently compete with Internet-based survey data collection
providers, Internet sample providers that provide access to
survey respondents but do not offer survey technologies,
technology companies that have developed tools for conducting
Internet marketing research and traditional marketing research
companies. In a broader sense, we also compete with suppliers of
survey data collection services that use traditional
methodologies, such as telephone interviewers, mall interviewers
and direct mail operators. The primary competitive factors in
the survey data collection industry include the quality and
timeliness of data collection, the price of products and
services and overall reputation in the marketplace. We believe
we distinguish ourselves from our competitors through a
combination of high-quality service provided by experienced
professionals, client responsiveness, the size and diverse
demographics of the Greenfield Online panel, process
efficiencies and a dedicated focus on servicing the marketing
research industry.
We compete for clients with other Internet-based marketing
research data collection firms, such as SPSS Service Bureau and
Harris Interactive Service Bureau; firms offering
respondent-only services, such as Survey Sampling, Inc., Ciao AG
and e-Rewards, Inc.; and large marketing research companies,
such as The Kantar Group and Harris Interactive, Inc. who
maintain their own panels of online respondents. We estimate
that there are approximately five Internet-based marketing
research data collection firms with which we compete in the
United States and Canada, and three such firms in Europe. We
estimate that we have three U.S. based competitors offering
respondent-only services, and no significant competitors in
Europe. Finally, we estimate that in the United States, Canada
and Europe, there are approximately nine full-service marketing
research companies that have developed their own Internet-based
respondent panels that may offer data collection services, four
of which claim to have respondent panels that are larger than
the Greenfield Online panel.
We also expect to face competition in the future from other
marketing research data collection firms that develop
Internet-based products and services or other companies with
access to large databases of individuals with whom they can
communicate through the Internet. These companies may, either
alone or in alliance with other firms, penetrate the
Internet-based marketing research data collection market.
Technology and Intellectual Property
Our systems are based on internally-developed and third-party
software, and have been designed to reduce downtime in the event
of outages or catastrophic occurrences. Our technology
infrastructure provides continuous availability. We host our
primary technology systems at our Wilton, Connecticut data
center. To maintain reliability and to assure even distribution
of work load, survey development and analysis of panel and
survey data, we have replicated the functionality of the Wilton
data center at a UUNET co-location facility under a co-location
service agreement, which provides for redundant power supply and
communications systems. Our Wilton facility is equipped with our
own uninterruptible power supply, heating, ventilation and fire
suppression systems. Data is backed up on a daily basis at both
the UUNET and Wilton locations, and we routinely remove
backed-up data from our primary storage facilities.
We utilize the Confirmit survey development software
program created and licensed by Future Information Research
Management, Inc. to program our surveys so that they can be
displayed through the Internet and taken by our panelists. We
believe that this software represents the current standard in
the Internet-based marketing research data collection industry.
We have integrated several software technologies into our
Internet survey solutions and have developed software programs
to assist in this integration and otherwise improve our products
and services. During the course of adopting the Confirmit
survey development software, we developed our own software
applications we call bridges that allow us to
archive, access and manage panel data collected during
Confirmit surveys and transfer this data to our panel
database. We have also integrated streaming video and three
dimensional imaging software into our Internet survey solutions.
Our computer systems are susceptible to planned overloads
initiated by third-parties, commonly referred to as denial of
service attacks. While it is impossible to prevent a denial of
service attack without disconnecting our
11
computer systems from the Internet, we have taken measures to
reduce the potential harm such an attack could cause by:
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employing a geographically distributed multi-site architecture
of web sites and applications creating separately located and
redundant back-up systems, which minimizes the risk of a total
shutdown due to a denial of service attack targeted at a
specific location; and |
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subscribing to multiple Internet Service Providers and having
been assigned multiple network blocks or groups of Internet
addresses within these ISPs, which provides us with flexibility
in switching between Internet addresses and service providers
during an attack targeting specific Internet addresses. |
We own multiple domain names and manage and administer the
computers that associate these domain names with Internet
addresses. This in-house management provides a measure of
defense during a denial of service attack because we can rapidly
redirect a domain name to a different Internet address if the
addresses are the subjects of the attack, and we can rapidly
switch to another domain name in order to conduct business on
the Internet if the domain name is the subject of the attack.
We regard our copyrights, service marks, trademarks, trade
dress, trade secrets, proprietary technology and similar
intellectual property as critical to our success and rely on
trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection,
confidentiality and assignment of invention agreements and/or
license agreements with employees, customers, independent
contractors, partners and others to protect our proprietary
rights. We strategically pursue the registration of our
trademarks and service marks in the United States and have
applied for and obtained registrations in the United States for
some of our trademarks and service marks. Millward Brown, Inc.
owns the rights in the United States to the names Greenfield
and Greenfield Online, holds a U.S. registration
for the Greenfield mark and has a pending registration in
the United States of the Greenfield Online mark. We
maintain an exclusive, perpetual, royalty-free license from
Millward Brown, Inc. (as successor to Greenfield Consulting
Group, Inc.) to the Greenfield Online trademark for
Internet qualitative and quantitative marketing research data
collection services and to use the Greenfield name as
part of our Internet domain names. Power your
Researchsm,
Power Your Research With Our Experience, Our People, Our
Technologysm,
SAMsm,
Survey Alerts
Managersm,
Research Revolution®, NetReach®,
FieldSource® and OpinionSurveys.com® are
our trademarks, trade names and service marks. Neither we nor
Millward Brown, Inc. have sought trademark registration of the
Greenfield or Greenfield Online names outside the United
States. Additionally, through our acquisition of the
OpinionSurveys.com panel in October 2004, we acquired title to
the domain names OpinionSurveys.com and
OpinionSurvey.com, as well as certain intellectual
property associated with the OpinionSurveys.com panel, including
a pending application to register OpinionSurvey.
Effective trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret
protection for intellectual property may not be available in
every country in which our products and services are made
available through the Internet.
Governmental Regulation
In January 2002, the FTC adopted a rule that created a national
Do Not Call registry that allows people to register their
telephone numbers on a list from which telemarketers are
prohibited from calling, which went into effect in October 2003.
We believe the Do Not Call registry has had a beneficial effect
upon our business because we believe it has prompted more
marketing research companies to adopt Internet-based survey data
collection methods as opposed to telephone-based data collection
methods. We also believe that the Do Not Call registry is an
outgrowth of a pervasive dissatisfaction within the
U.S. population with the amount and intrusiveness of
unwanted telephone solicitations. According to a study conducted
in 2004 by Pioneer Marketing Research, DialTek L.P. and BayaSoft
LLC, marketing research buyers and suppliers are recognizing
that this dissatisfaction is also directed at marketing surveys
conducted by telephone and, as a result, data gatherers are
migrating to Internet survey solutions such as the services that
we provide.
12
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Telephone Consumer Protection Act |
In 1991, Congress passed the Telephone Consumer Protection Act
(the TCPA), granting the FCC the authority to
promulgate rules protecting the privacy rights of people with
telephones who wanted to avoid unwanted telemarketing calls. The
FCC adopted rules to enforce this authority and under these
rules telemarketers are prohibited from making telephone calls
before 8 a.m. and after 9 p.m. The TCPA, which is the
authorizing legislation for the FCCs Do Not Call registry,
also prohibits calls made to mobile telephones if the call is
made using an automatic telephone dialing system (defined as
equipment which has the capacity to store or produce telephone
numbers to be called using a random or sequential number
generator and to dial such numbers) or an artificial or
pre-recorded voice, and if the call recipient is charged for the
call.
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Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and
Marketing Act of 2003 |
The federal Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography
and Marketing Act of 2003 (the CAN-SPAM Act), which
took effect on January 1, 2004, imposes a series of new
requirements on the use of commercial email messages. The
CAN-SPAM Act gives federal civil and criminal enforcement
authorities new tools to combat unsolicited commercial email,
and allows state attorneys general and Internet access services
to enforce its civil provisions. The CAN-SPAM Act also directs
the FTC to issue new regulations that define relevant criteria,
which have not yet been promulgated, and to enforce the Act.
Among other things, one proposal being examined by the FTC is a
federal Do Not Email registry. The CAN-SPAM Act and
the regulations enforcing the Act may significantly impact the
manner in which we recruit and communicate with our panelists.
It may also expose us to potential liability or require us to
change or abandon our webmaster affiliate program and other
recruitment techniques. The CAN-SPAM Act may require us to
develop technology or systems to comply with its requirements
for honoring opt-out requests. The CAN-SPAM Act
provides a variety of remedies, including statutory damages, for
each improper email sent. Additionally, there are many state
statutes that purport to regulate the distribution of commercial
email. Some of those statutes, or portions thereof, are
preempted by the CAN-SPAM Act, but others may still be
enforceable and provide for civil and criminal enforcement, and
the imposition of penalties and damages for their violation. If
we cannot comply with the requirements of the CAN-SPAM Act or
these state statutes, we may need to cease operating portions of
our business and our business could suffer.
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The Internet Tax Freedom Act |
The Internet Tax Freedom Act (the ITFA), that was
originally passed in 1995, prohibited states or political
subdivisions from (i) imposing taxes on Internet access and
(ii) imposing multiple and discriminatory taxes on
e-commerce. The ITFA expired on November 1, 2003 and has
not been renewed. As a result of the expiration of the ITFA,
states are no longer prohibited under federal law from imposing
taxes that were covered by the ITFA. In the absence of a renewal
of the ITFA, states may begin to impose taxes on Internet
access, related charges and other e-commerce products and
services. If one or more states impose such taxes in a manner
that results in the taxation of Internet access providers,
ourselves, our customers or other parties upon whom these
parties or our panelists rely for access to the
Internet or other products or services, it may harm our business.
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Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
In February 1999, the FCC issued a declaratory ruling
interpreting the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to allow local
exchange carriers to receive reciprocal compensation for traffic
delivered to information service providers, particularly
Internet service providers, on the basis that traffic bound for
Internet service providers is largely interstate. As a result of
this ruling, the costs of transmitting data over the Internet
may increase. If this occurs, our tax liability and operating
expenses may increase, and our business could suffer.
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European Commissions Directive on Data
Protection |
The European Commissions Directive on Data
Protection (the EC Directive) went into effect
in October 1998, and prohibited the transfer of personal data to
non-European Union nations that do not meet
13
the European adequacy standard for privacy
protection. The United States takes a different approach to
privacy from that taken by the European Union. The United States
uses a sectoral approach that relies on a mix of legislation,
regulation and self-regulation. The European Union, however,
relies on comprehensive legislation that, for example, requires
creation of government data protection agencies, registration of
databases with those agencies, and in some instances prior
approval before personal data processing may begin. As a result
of these different approaches, the Directive could have
significantly hampered the ability of U.S. companies to
engage in many trans-Atlantic transactions.
In order to bridge these different privacy approaches and
provide a streamlined means for U.S. organizations to
comply with the EC Directive, the U.S. Department of
Commerce in consultation with the European Commission developed
a safe harbor framework. To be assured of safe
harbor benefits, an organization needs to self certify annually
to the U.S. Department of Commerce in writing that it
agrees to adhere to the safe harbors requirements, which
includes elements such as notice, choice, access, and
enforcement. It must also state in its published privacy policy
statement that it adheres to the safe harbor guidelines. We
self-certify to the U.S. Department of Commerce to this
effect and state in our published privacy policy statement that
we adhere to the safe harbor guidelines. The Department of
Commerce maintains a list of all organizations that file
self-certification letters and make both the list and the
self-certification letters publicly available.
To qualify for the safe harbor, an organization can
(1) join a self-regulatory privacy program that adheres to
the safe harbors requirements; or (2) develop its own
self regulatory privacy policy that conforms to the safe harbor.
We have self-certified to the U.S. Department of Commerce
and have joined TRUSTe, a United States-based
self-regulatory privacy program. As a result, we have been
certified as compliant with the safe harbor
guidelines.
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Proposed Anti-Outsourcing Legislation |
In addition to the foregoing laws and regulations, several
states have introduced legislation aimed at restricting overseas
outsourcing and encouraging U.S. businesses to keep their
operations within the United States. The U.S. Senate has
recently approved an amendment that would prohibit companies
from using money received under federal contracts in connection
with jobs that are outsourced overseas, and would prohibit state
contract work from being performed overseas with money received
from federal grants. If these or similar laws or regulations are
enacted, our ability to continue overseas operations could be
harmed and our competitive position would be damaged.
Employees
As of December 31, 2004, we employed a total of 281 people.
Of our U.S.-based employees, 32 are in sales and marketing, 37
are in client service, 14 are in technology development and 22
are in finance and administration. GFOL India employed 146
people, all located in Gurgaon, India. GFOL Europe employed six
people, located in Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, and one
person located in Munich, Germany. Greenfield Online Canada Ltd.
employed 23 people, all located in Toronto, Ontario. None of our
employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement.
We have not experienced any work stoppages and consider our
relationship with our employees to be good.
Available Information
We make available free of charge on or through our Internet
website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports
on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all
amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable
after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to
the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our Internet address is
www.greenfield.com.
14
Our headquarters and principal U.S. operations facility
occupies approximately 30,000 square feet and is located at
21 River Road, Wilton, Connecticut, under a lease that expires
in November 2009. Our other U.S. operations facility is
located in San Francisco, California, where we lease
approximately 8,179 square feet under a lease that expires
in September 2009. During 2004, we leased approximately
5,000 square feet of space in San Francisco,
California, under a lease that expired in December 2004, which
was not renewed. We also lease a data center to support our
operations that occupies approximately 3,100 square feet in
Wilton, Connecticut, along with office space in East Brunswick,
New Jersey, Bethesda, Maryland, Centennial, Colorado and
Bloomington, Minnesota to support our sales and marketing team.
Our international offices are based in Gurgaon, India,
Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom, and Toronto, Ontario. Our
operations facility in Gurgaon, near New Delhi, occupies
approximately 19,300 square feet under a lease that expires
in March 2007, unless renewed at our option for up to two
additional three-year terms. Our facility in Buckinghamshire,
which is used primarily for sales and marketing, occupies
approximately 455 square feet under a lease that expires in
September 2005. Our facility in Toronto consists of
approximately 2,500 square feet, which we occupy under a
lease that expires on October 1, 2005, but which we, or the
landlord, may terminate on 60 days written notice. In
addition to these facilities, we sublease approximately
5,600 square feet of office space in Gurgaon, India that we
formerly occupied prior to our move to the new Gurgaon space.
With the exception of our Toronto facility, which we are seeking
to relocate to larger premises, we believe that our current
facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the foreseeable
future and that additional or alternative facilities may be
leased on commercially reasonable terms to meet our future
needs, if necessary.
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| Item 3. |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
From time to time, we may become involved in litigation relating
to claims arising from our ordinary course of business. We are
not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.
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| Item 4. |
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during
the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2004.
15
PART II
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| Item 5. |
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES |
a) Market Information
Our common stock has been traded on the Nasdaq National Market
under the symbol SRVY since July 16, 2004. The
following table sets forth for the periods indicated the range
of high and low closing prices per share of our common stock as
reported by the Nasdaq National Market:
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2004
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Third Quarter (commencing July 16, 2004)
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22.18 |
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$ |
14.50 |
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Fourth Quarter
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$ |
24.10 |
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$ |
17.28 |
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2005
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First Quarter (through March 10, 2005)
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21.79 |
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16.11 |
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b) Holders of the Corporations Capital Stock
As of March 10, 2005, we had approximately 43 stockholders
of record, including record holders on behalf of an
indeterminate number of beneficial holders.
c) Dividends
No cash dividends have been declared on our common stock to date
and we do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable
future. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future
earnings for use in the expansion and operation of our business.
Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will be
at our board of directors discretion and will depend on
our financial condition, operating results, current and
anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and other factors
that our board of directors considers to be relevant.
d) Use of Proceeds
On July 15, 2004, our registration statement on
Form S-1 was declared effective for our initial public
offering, pursuant to which we sold 4 million shares of
common stock. The stock was offered to the public at
$13.00 per share and we received net proceeds of
approximately $34.8 million (after underwriters
commissions of $3.6 million, the $9.4 million
conversion and dividend payment to holders of our Series B
Convertible Participating Preferred Stock, the $2.1 million
mandatory redemption of Series C-2 Redeemable Non-Voting
Preferred Stock and expenses of approximately
$2.1 million). We used the net proceeds from the initial
public offering to fund the acquisitions of OpinionSurveys.com,
Rapidata.net and Zing Wireless, Inc. in October 2004, January
2005 and February 2005, respectively.
On December 6, 2004, our registration statement on
Form S-1 was declared effective for our follow-on public
offering, pursuant to which we sold 4.5 million shares of
common stock. The stock was offered to the public at
$18.16 per share and we received net proceeds of
approximately $76.4 million (after underwriters
commissions of $4.5 million and expenses of approximately
$0.8 million). We intend to use the net proceeds from our
follow-on public offering for working capital and general
corporate purposes, including potential acquisitions. Pending
use of the net proceeds of this offering, we have invested the
funds in short-term, interest bearing, investment-grade
securities.
e) Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
f) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
16
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| Item 6. |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data should be
read in conjunction with Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
and the consolidated financial statements and related notes,
which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. The selected consolidated statements of
operations data for each of the fiscal years ended
December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 and the selected
consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2004 and
2003 are derived from our audited consolidated financial
statements, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K. The selected consolidated statements of
operations data for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001
and 2000 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of
December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 are derived from audited
consolidated financial statements not included in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
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Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
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Net revenues:
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