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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003

OR

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission file number: 0-27662

IPC Holdings, Ltd.

American International Building, 29 Richmond Road, Pembroke, HM 08, Bermuda

(441) 298-5100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Shares, par value $0.01 per share

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

     Indicate by check mark if the disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [  ]

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [X] No [  ]

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s Common Shares held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2003, was $1,214,498,306 based on the last reported sale price of Common Shares on the Nasdaq National Market system on that date.

The number of the Registrant’s Common Shares, par value U.S. $0.01 per share, as of February 27, 2004, was 48,245,395.

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

1.     Portions of the Registrant’s 2003 Annual Report to Shareholders to be mailed to shareholders on or about April 27th, 2004 are incorporated by reference into Part II of this Form 10-K. With the exception of the portions of the Annual Report specifically incorporated herein by reference, the Annual Report is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.

2.     Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), relating to the Registrant’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held June 11, 2004 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. With the exception of the portions of the Proxy Statement specifically incorporated herein by reference, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Form 10-K.

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IPC HOLDINGS, LTD.

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PART I

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information

     This report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical information or statements of current condition, including but not limited to expectations regarding market cycles, renewals and our ability to increase written premium volume and improve profit margins, market conditions, the impact of current market conditions and trends on future periods, the impact of our business strategy on our results, trends in pricing and claims and the insurance and reinsurance market response to catastrophic events. Some forward-looking statements may be identified by our use of terms such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” or “expects” and relate to our plans and objectives for future operations. In light of the risks and uncertainties inherent in all forward-looking statements, the inclusion of such statements in this report should not be considered as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives or plans will be achieved. We do not intend, and are under no obligation, to update any forward-looking statement contained in this report. The largest single factor in our results has been and will continue to be the severity or frequency of catastrophic events, which is inherently unpredictable. Numerous factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) the occurrence of natural or man-made catastrophic events with a frequency or severity exceeding our estimates; (ii) any lowering or loss of one of the financial ratings of IPC Holdings’ wholly owned subsidiary, IPCRe Limited (“IPCRe” and together with the Company, IPCRe Europe (as defined herein) and IPCRe Underwriting Services (as defined herein), “we” or “IPC”); (iii) a decrease in the level of demand for property catastrophe reinsurance, or increased competition owing to increased capacity of property catastrophe reinsurers; (iv) the effect of competition on market trends and pricing; (v) the adequacy of our loss reserves; (vi) loss of our non-admitted status in United States jurisdictions or the passage of federal or state legislation subjecting us to supervision or regulation in the United States; (vii) challenges by insurance regulators in the United States to our claim of exemption from insurance regulation under current laws; (viii) a contention by the United States Internal Revenue Service that we are engaged in the conduct of a trade or business within the U.S.; (ix) loss of services of any one of our executive officers; (x) changes in interest rates and/or equity values in the United States of America and elsewhere; or (xi) changes in exchange rates and greater than expected currency exposure.

Item 1. Business

General Development of the Business

     Overview. We provide property catastrophe reinsurance and, to a limited extent, property-per-risk excess, aviation (including satellite) and other short-tail reinsurance on a worldwide basis. During 2003, approximately 84% of our gross premiums written covered property catastrophe risks. Property catastrophe reinsurance covers unpredictable events such as hurricanes, windstorms, hailstorms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires, industrial explosions, freezes, riots, floods and other man-made or natural disasters. The substantial majority of the reinsurance written by IPCRe has been, and continues to be, written on an excess of loss basis for primary insurers rather than reinsurers, and is subject to aggregate limits on exposure to losses. During 2003, we had approximately 351 clients, including many of the leading insurance companies around the world. Approximately 44% of our clients in 2003 were based in the United States, and approximately 42% of gross premiums written during 2003 related primarily to U.S. risks. Our non-U.S. clients and covered risks are located principally in Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. During 2003, no single ceding insurer accounted for more than 5.1% of our gross premiums written. At December 31, 2003, IPC Holdings had total shareholders’ equity of $1,569 million and total assets of $1,769 million.

     In response to a severe imbalance between the global supply of and demand for property catastrophe reinsurance that developed in the period from 1989 through 1993, IPC Holdings and IPCRe were formed and commenced operations in June 1993 through the sponsorship of American International Group, Inc. (“AIG”), a holding company incorporated in Delaware which, through its subsidiaries, is primarily engaged in a broad range of insurance and insurance-related activities and financial services in the United States and abroad. AIG purchased 24.4% of IPC Holdings’ initial share capital and an option (which was exercised on December 12, 2001) to obtain up to an additional 10% (on a fully diluted basis, excluding employee stock options) of our share capital (the “AIG Option”). Since our formation, subsidiaries of AIG have provided administrative, investment management and custodial services to us, and the Chairman of the Boards of Directors of IPC Holdings, IPCRe and IPCRe Underwriting Services Limited (“IPCUSL”) is also a director and officer of various subsidiaries and affiliates of AIG. See “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.” For a discussion of the

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limitation of voting rights of any 10% or more beneficial owner of Common Shares (including AIG) to less than 10% of total voting rights, see Amendment No. 2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, dated July 9, 2003.

     On March 13, 1996, IPC Holdings completed an initial public offering in which 13,521,739 of the 25,000,000 Common shares outstanding, were sold by existing shareholders. IPC Holdings’ Common Shares are included for trading on the Nasdaq National Market under the ticker symbol “IPCR”.

     On September 10, 1998, IPCRe incorporated a subsidiary in Ireland, named IPCRe Europe Limited. Effective October 1, 1998, IPCRe Europe commenced underwriting selected reinsurance business, primarily in Europe. Currently, IPCRe Europe retrocedes 90% of the business it underwrites to IPCRe. IPCRe Services Limited, a subsidiary of IPC Holdings, Ltd., was established in the United Kingdom on June 27, 1997, from where European marketing efforts were conducted on behalf of IPCRe and IPCRe Europe. IPCRe Services ceased operations in January, 2000, and was dissolved on December 11, 2001.

     On November 7, 2001, IPC Holdings incorporated a subsidiary in Bermuda, IPCUSL, which is licensed as an Underwriting Agent and currently acts for Allied World Assurance Company Ltd, a Bermuda-based Class 4 insurer (see “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions”, and Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Related Party Transactions).

     On December 12, 2001, we completed a follow-on public offering in which 17,480,000 ordinary shares were sold (including the exercise of the over-allotment option of 2,280,000 shares) at $26.00 per share. Concurrent with the offering, we sold 2,847,000 shares in a private placement to AIG at a price equal to the public offering price. Furthermore, AIG exercised the AIG Option, which had been granted at the time of the Company’s formation, whereby they acquired 2,775,000 shares at an exercise price of $12.7746 per share. Total net proceeds raised from these transactions were approximately $546 million. AIG presently owns 11,722,000 shares, or 24.3% of outstanding shares. AIG has informed us that they presently intend to continue their share ownership in the Company for the foreseeable future.

Internet Address: Our Internet address is www.ipcre.bm and the investor relations section of our web site is located at www.ipcre.bm/sections/financial-info/frms_quarterlies.html. We make available free of charge, on or through the investor relations section of our web site, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Recent Industry and Legislative Developments

     From 1996 to 1999, there was an increase in the supply of reinsurance capacity, which caused downward pressure on pricing. In 1996, 1997, 2000, 2002 and 2003 few major catastrophic events occurred. Consequently, few claims were made on IPCRe. In contrast thereto, many catastrophic events occurred in 1998, 1999 and 2001 in many parts of the world, including Hurricane Georges in 1998 (estimated industry-wide insured losses in excess of $4 billion), a hailstorm which struck Sydney, Australia in April, 1999 (estimated industry losses of $1.6 billion), Hurricane Floyd (estimated industry losses of $2.2 billion), and cyclones Anatol, Lothar and Martin that struck several parts of Europe in December, 1999 (estimated industry losses in excess of $9 billion). In June 2001, Tropical Storm Allison affected parts of Texas (estimated industry losses of $2.5 billion) and on September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were carried out in the U.S. (estimated industry losses of $30 billion to $70 billion). The property catastrophe reinsurance market began experiencing improvements in rates, terms and conditions in the fourth quarter of 2000. The improvements in rates, terms and conditions continued throughout 2001 and were accelerated by the terrorist attacks of September 11. Property catastrophe reinsurance premiums have often risen in the aftermath of significant catastrophic losses. As claims are reserved, industry surplus is depleted and the industry’s capacity to write new business diminishes. During the fourth quarter of 2001, in response to the reduction in the capacity and anticipated increased demand, many companies, including ourselves, raised additional capital. There were also a number of new insurance and reinsurance companies formed in Bermuda and elsewhere, hoping to satisfy demand and benefit from improved market terms and conditions. We believe that market trends similar to those that have occurred in past cycles are developing in the current environment.

     With respect to terms and conditions other than pricing, for 2002 and 2003 renewals the coverage of claims that are the result of “terrorist acts” was generally excluded from property catastrophe reinsurance contracts covering large commercial risks, but not excluded for personal lines or other coverages except where caused by nuclear, biological or chemical means. During 2002 and 2003, IPCRe participated in a number of underwriting pools which cover property losses arising from terrorist acts as a separate hazard.

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     On November 26, 2002, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (“TRIA”) was signed into law. TRIA, which does not apply to reinsurance companies such as IPCRe, establishes a temporary federal program which requires U.S. and other insurers to offer coverage in their commercial property and casualty policies for losses resulting from terrorists’ acts committed by foreign persons or interests in the United States or with respect to specified U.S. air carriers, vessels or missions abroad. The coverage offered may not differ materially from the terms, amounts and other coverage limitations applicable to other policy coverages. Generally, insurers will pay all losses resulting from a covered terrorist act to policyholders, retaining a defined “deductible” and 10% of losses above the deductible. The federal government will reimburse insurers for 90% of losses above the deductible and, under certain circumstances, the federal government will require insurers to levy surcharges on policyholders to recoup for the federal government its reimbursements paid.

     As a result of TRIA, our participation in coverage for terrorism within the United States declined during 2003. We have continued to exclude losses resulting from terrorist acts, as defined in this legislation, from U.S. property catastrophe contracts covering large commercial risks incepting January 1, 2004.

Business Strategy

     Our principal strategy is to provide property catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance programs to a geographically diverse, worldwide clientele of primary insurers with whom we maintain long-term relationships. Under excess of loss contracts, we begin paying losses when our customers’ claims from a particular catastrophic event exceed a specified amount (known as an attachment point), and our maximum liability is capped at an amount specified in our reinsurance contracts. To a lesser extent, we also seek to provide these clients with other excess of loss short-tail reinsurance products. On a limited basis, we provide similar reinsurance programs and products to reinsurers. We periodically consider underwriting additional lines of property/casualty coverage, including on a non-excess of loss basis, provided losses can be limited in a manner comparable to that described below.

     The primary elements of our strategy include:

     Disciplined Risk Management. We seek to limit and diversify our loss exposure through six principal mechanisms: (i) writing substantially all of our premiums on an excess of loss basis, which limits our ultimate exposure per contract and permits us to determine and monitor our aggregate loss exposure; (ii) adhering to maximum limitations on reinsurance accepted in defined geographical zones; (iii) limiting program size for each client in order to achieve diversity within and across geographical zones; (iv) administering risk management controls appropriately weighted with our modeling techniques, as well as our assessment of qualitative factors (such as the quality of the cedent’s management and capital and risk management strategy); (v) utilizing a range of attachment points for any given program in order to balance the risks assumed with the premiums written; and (vi) prudent underwriting of each program written. Historically, we have declined to renew existing business if the terms were unfavorable or if the exposure would violate any of these limitations. We utilize a minimal amount of retrocessional protection. Therefore, we retain most of the risk in the reinsurance contracts we write and pay relatively little in retrocession premiums.

     Capital-Based Exposure Limits. Each year, we establish maximum limitations on reinsurance accepted in defined geographic zones on the basis of, and as a proportion of, shareholders’ equity.

     Client Selection and Profile. We believe that establishing long-term relationships with insurers who have sound capital and risk management strategies is key to creating long-term value for our shareholders. We have successfully attracted customers that are generally sophisticated, long-established insurers who desire the assurance not only that claims will be paid, but that reinsurance will continue to be available after claims have been paid. We believe our financial stability, ratings from Standard & Poor’s (“S & P”) and A.M. Best Company (“A.M. Best”) and growth of capital are essential for creating and maintaining these long-term relationships.

     Capital Management and Shareholder Returns. We manage our capital relative to our risk exposure in an effort to maximize sustainable long-term growth in shareholder value, while recognizing that catastrophic losses will adversely impact short-term financial results from time to time. We seek growth of IPC’s capital to protect it from major catastrophes, to ensure ongoing customer relationships and to support premium growth opportunities.

     Disciplined Investment Management. In light of the risks of our underwriting business, our primary investment strategy is capital preservation. Current investment guidelines permit investments in equities up to a maximum of 20% of the total portfolio, and our fixed maturity investments are substantially limited to the top three investment grades or the equivalent

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thereof, at the time of purchase. At December 31, 2003 our equity investments consisted of three managed funds: an institutional index fund, which tracks the investment returns of the S & P 500 Index, an American equity fund and a global equity fund. The last two funds are managed by a subsidiary of AIG. The investment in such equities represented 19.1% of the total fair value of our investment portfolio on December 31, 2003. On that date, 82.9% of our fixed maturity investments consisted of cash and cash equivalents, U.S. Treasuries or other government agency issues and investments with an AAA or AA rating.

Business

     General. We provide treaty reinsurance principally to insurers of personal and commercial property worldwide. Treaty reinsurance is reinsurance of a specified type or category of risk defined in a contract. As described below, we write most reinsurance on an excess of loss basis. Our property catastrophe reinsurance coverages, which accounted for 84% of our gross premiums written during 2003, are generally “all-risk” in nature, subject to various policy exclusions. Our predominant exposure under such coverages is to property damage from unpredictable events such as hurricanes, windstorms, hailstorms, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, although we are also exposed to losses from sources as diverse as freezes, riots, floods, industrial explosions, fires, and other man-made or natural disasters. The balance of premiums written are derived from aviation (including satellite), property-per-risk excess of loss and other short-tail reinsurance. In accordance with market practice, our property catastrophe reinsurance coverage generally excludes certain risks such as war, pollution, nuclear contamination and radiation. During 2002 and 2003, IPCRe participated in a number of underwriting pools which cover property losses arising from terrorist acts as a separate hazard.

     Because we underwrite property catastrophe reinsurance and have large aggregate exposures to natural and man-made disasters, our loss experience generally has included and will continue to include infrequent events of great severity. Consequently, the occurrence of losses from catastrophic events has caused and is likely to continue to cause our financial results to be volatile. In addition, because catastrophes are an inherent risk of our business, a major event or series of events, such as occurred during 1998, 1999 and 2001, can be expected to occur from time to time. In the future, such events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations, possibly to the extent of eliminating our shareholders’ equity. Increases in the values and concentrations of insured property and the effects of inflation have resulted in increased severity of industry losses in recent years, and we expect that those factors will increase the severity of catastrophe losses per year in the future.

     We currently seek to limit our loss exposure principally by offering most of our products on an excess of loss basis, adhering to maximum limitations on reinsurance accepted in defined geographic zones, limiting program size for each client and prudent underwriting of each program written. In addition, our policies contain limitations and exclusions from coverage and choice of forum. There can be no assurance that our efforts to limit exposure by using the foregoing methods will be successful. In addition, geographic zone limitations involve significant underwriting judgments, including the determination of the area of the zones and the inclusion of a particular policy within a zone’s limits. Underwriting is inherently a matter of judgment, involving important assumptions about matters that are unpredictable and beyond our control, and for which historical experience and probability analysis may not provide sufficient guidance.

     Excess of Loss Reinsurance Contracts. Our policy is to write substantially all of our business on an excess of loss basis. Such contracts provide a defined limit of liability, permitting us to quantify our aggregate maximum loss exposure. By contrast, maximum liability under pro rata contracts is more difficult to quantify precisely. Quantification of loss exposure is fundamental to our ability to manage our loss exposure through geographical zone limits and the program limits described below. Excess of loss contracts also help us to control our underwriting results by increasing our flexibility to determine premiums for reinsurance at specific retention levels, based upon our own underwriting assumptions, and independent of the premiums charged by primary insurers. In addition, because primary insurers typically retain a larger loss exposure under excess of loss contracts, they have a greater incentive to underwrite risks and adjust losses in a prudent manner.

     In addition, we diversify our risk by, to a limited extent, writing other short-tail coverages, including risk excess of loss, aviation (including satellite), and other lines, including marine, a quota share of workers’ compensation catastrophe excess, and kidnap and ransom and related exposures. These lines diversify risk (although they may involve some catastrophe exposure) and thus reduce the volatility in results of operations caused by catastrophes.

     The following table sets out our gross premiums written and number of contracts written by type of reinsurance.

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(1)

For the 2003 and 2002 underwriting years, aviation included three aviation contracts and two satellite contracts, written on a pro rata basis rather than excess of loss. For the 2001 underwriting year, aviation included three aviation contracts and two satellite contracts, written on a pro rata basis. The majority of other aviation contracts were written on an excess of loss basis.

     Catastrophe Excess of Loss Reinsurance. Catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance provides coverage to a primary insurer when aggregate claims and claim expenses from a single occurrence of a peril, covered under a portfolio of primary insurance contracts written by the primary insurer, exceed the attachment point specified in the reinsurance contract with the primary insurer. The primary insurer can then recover up to the limit of reinsurance it has elected to buy for each layer. Once a layer is breached by collection of claims, the primary insurer generally buys replacement coverage for the liability used, i.e., a reinstatement, for an additional premium. Most of our policies are limited to losses occurring during the policy term.

     Risk Excess of Loss Reinsurance. To a lesser extent, we also write risk excess of loss property reinsurance. This reinsurance responds to a loss of the reinsured in excess of its retention level on a single “risk”, rather than to aggregate losses for all covered risks, as does catastrophe reinsurance. A “risk” in this context might mean the insurance coverage on one building or a group of buildings or the insurance coverage under a single policy which the reinsured treats as a single risk. Most of the risk excess treaties in which we participate contain a relatively low loss-per-event limit on our liability.

     Retrocessional Reinsurance. We also selectively provide reinsurance cover to other reinsurance companies, which is known as retrocessional protection. Demand for, and terms and conditions, including pricing of, this type of business can vary quite significantly from year to year. Accordingly, the premium volume that we write of this type of business will fluctuate year to year. Most of the underlying risks retroceded arise from property catastrophe excess of loss contracts.

     Aviation Reinsurance. We also write a small amount of short-tail aviation reinsurance on proportional and excess of loss bases. Although they primarily involve property damage, certain aviation risks may involve casualty coverage arising from the same event causing the property damage. In 2003, the majority of this business was written in three pro rata aviation contracts, where the underlying insurance is written on an excess of loss basis, and two pro rata satellite contracts.

     Other Lines of Business. Other lines include a pro rata participation in a number of pools which underwrite terrorism as a separate risk; a quota share of workers compensation catastrophe excess; a quota share of kidnap and ransom and related exposures; excess of loss and a quota share of medical expense coverage, some marine excess of loss contracts and some miscellaneous property covers, on an excess of loss basis.

     Policy Features. Historically, our policies have been written for a one-year period, and generally without experience-based adjustments. During the period 1997 to 1999, the trend in the industry was towards multi-year policies. In particular, some of the insureds renewing policies in 1999 specifically requested longer periods, in part to address concerns regarding Y2K risks. A proportion of our policies in 1999 were for terms of fifteen to eighteen months. However, commencing in the second quarter of 1999, we declined renewals and submissions of new business which were on a multi-year basis, because of the general inadequacy of market pricing. In addition, during the same period, the industry offered a variety of experienced-based incentives such as “no claims” bonuses and profit commissions. A proportion of our policies included some or all of these incentives, but we have generally declined to accept such terms during the past three years. Because of the improvements in terms and conditions that have taken place, we will consider writing business on a multi-year basis treaty by treaty.

     Underwriting Services. Beginning on December 1, 2001, we commenced providing underwriting services to a multi-line insurance and reinsurance company in which AIG owns a 23.4% ownership interest. (See “Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions”, and Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Related Party Transactions.)

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Geographic Diversification

     Since inception, we have sought to diversify our exposure across geographic zones around the world in order to obtain the optimum spread of risk. We divide our markets into geographic zones and limit coverage we are willing to provide for any risk located in a particular zone, so as to limit our net aggregate loss exposure from all contracts covering risks believed to be located in that zone, to a predetermined level.

     The predetermined levels are established annually on the basis of, and as a proportion of, shareholders’ equity. If a proposed reinsurance program would cause the limit then in effect to be exceeded, the program would be declined, regardless of its desirability, unless we utilize retrocessional coverage (i.e., IPC purchasing reinsurance, such as our proportional reinsurance facilities discussed in “Retrocessional Reinsurance Purchased” below), thereby reducing the net aggregate exposure to the maximum limit permitted, or less. If we were to suffer a net financial loss in any fiscal year, thus reducing shareholders’ equity, the limits per zone would be reduced in the next year, with the possible effect that we would thereafter reduce existing business in a zone exceeding such limit.

     Currently, we have divided the United States into 8 geographic zones and our other markets, including Europe and Japan, into a total of 18 zones. We designate as zones geographic areas which, based on historic catastrophe loss experience reflecting actual catastrophe events and property development patterns, we believe are most likely to absorb a large percentage of losses from one catastrophic event. These zones are determined using computer modeling techniques and underwriting assessments. The zones may vary in size, level of population density and commercial development in a particular area. The zones with the greatest exposure written are in the United States, in particular the Atlantic and North-Central regions, and northern Europe. The parameters of these geographic zones are subject to periodic review and change.

     We recognize that events may affect more than one zone, and to the extent we have accepted reinsurance from a ceding insurer with a loss exposure in more than one zone, we will consider such potential loss in testing its limits in all such affected zones. For example, the program for a U.S. national carrier typically will be subject to limits in each U.S. zone. A program with worldwide exposure will also be subject to limits in U.S. zones or other zones around the world, as applicable. This results in very substantial “double-counting” of exposures in determining utilization of an aggregate within a given zone. Consequently, the total sum insured will be less than the sums of utilized aggregates for all of the zones.

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     The following table sets out gross premiums written, number of written contracts and the percentage of our premiums allocated to the zones of coverage exposure.

Notes:	(1)		Except as otherwise noted, each of these categories includes contracts that cover risks primarily located in the designated geographic area.
	(2)		Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more geographic zones, including the United States.
	(3)		Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more geographic zones, excluding the United States.

     The following table sets out our gross aggregate in-force liability allocated to various zones of coverage exposure at January 1, 2004, 2003 and 2002. Our aggregate limits will be reduced to the extent that business is ceded to our reinsurance facilities (see “Retrocessional Reinsurance Purchased” below).

Notes:	(1)		The United States in aggregate is not a zone. The degree of “double-counting” in the 8 U.S. zones is illustrated by the relation of the aggregate in-force limit of liability for the United States compared to the individual limits of liability in the 8 zones.

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	(2)		Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more geographic zones, including the United States.
	(3)		Includes contracts that cover risks primarily in two or more geographic zones, excluding the United States.

     The effectiveness of geographic zone limits in managing risk exposure depends on the degree to which an actual event is confined to the zone in question and on our ability to determine the actual location of the risks believed to be covered under a particular reinsurance program. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that risk exposure in any particular zone will not exceed that zone’s limits.

     With respect to U.S. exposures, we use the computer-based systems described below as one tool in estimating the aggregate losses that could occur under all our contracts covering U.S. risks as a result of a range of potential catastrophic events. By evaluating the effects of various potential events, we monitor whether the risks that could be accepted within a zone are appropriate in light of other risks already affecting such zone and, in addition, whether the level of our zone limits is acceptable.