SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
| x | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 |
| ¨ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |
Commission File Number 01-09300
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)
| Delaware |
58-0503352 | |
| (State of Incorporation) |
(IRS Employer Identification Number) |
2500 Windy Ridge Parkway, Atlanta, Georgia 30339
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
(770) 989-3000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each Class |
Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share |
New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicated by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes þ No ¨
The aggregate market value of the registrants common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant as of February 27, 2003 was $5,059,597,547 (based on the closing sale price of the registrants common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange), and was $4,826,797,230 on June 28, 2002 (based on the closing sales price of the registrants common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange).
There were 450,352,869 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 27, 2003.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants Annual Report to Shareowners for the year ended December 31, 2002, are incorporated by reference in Parts I, II and IV.
Portions of the registrants Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 25, 2003 are incorporated by reference in Part III.
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| PART I |
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| Financial Information on Industry Segments and Geographic Areas |
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| ITEM 3. |
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| PART II |
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| ITEM 5. |
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
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| ITEM 6. |
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| ITEM 7. |
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
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| ITEM 7(A). |
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| ITEM 8. |
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CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
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| PART III |
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| ITEM 10. |
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| ITEM 11. |
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| ITEM 12. |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
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| ITEM 13. |
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| ITEM 14. |
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| PART IV |
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EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K |
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PART I
Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. at a glance
| | Operating in the nonalcoholic beverage business |
| | Serving a market of approximately 402 million consumers throughout North America, Great Britain, continental France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Monaco |
| | The worlds largest Coca-Cola bottler, having acquired other bottlers since 1986 at an aggregate cost (including assumed and issued debt) of approximately $14.6 billion. |
We were incorporated in Delaware in 1944 as a wholly owned subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company. We have been a publicly traded company since 1986. The Coca-Cola Company owned approximately 38% of our common stock at December 31, 2002.
Our bottling territories in North America and Europe contained approximately 402 million people at the end of 2002. We sold approximately 4.3 billion equivalent cases of product (192 ounces of finished beverages being counted as one case) throughout our territories in 2002. Products licensed to us through The Coca-Cola Company and its affiliates and joint ventures represented about 93% of this volume.
We have perpetual bottling rights within the United States for products with the name Coca-Cola. For substantially all other products within the United States, and all products elsewhere, the bottling rights have stated expiration dates. However, for all bottling rights granted by The Coca-Cola Company with stated expiration dates, we believe our interdependent relationship with The Coca-Cola Company and the substantial cost and disruption that would be caused by nonrenewals of these licenses ensure that they will be renewed upon expiration. The terms of these licenses are discussed in more detail in the sections of this report entitled North American Beverage Agreements and European Beverage Agreements.
References in this report to we, our, or us refer to Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. and its subsidiaries and divisions, unless the context requires otherwise.
Relationship with The Coca-Cola Company
The Coca-Cola Company is our largest shareowner. Three of our fifteen directors are executive officers of The Coca-Cola Company.
We conduct our business primarily under agreements with The Coca-Cola Company. These agreements give us the exclusive right to produce, market and distribute beverage products of The Coca-Cola Company in authorized containers in specified territories. These agreements provide The Coca-Cola Company with the ability, in its sole discretion, to establish prices, terms of payment, and other terms and conditions for our purchase of concentrates and syrups from The Coca-Cola Company. See North American Beverage Agreements and European Beverage Agreements below. Other significant transactions and agreements with The Coca-Cola Company include arrangements for cooperative marketing, advertising expenditures, purchases of sweeteners, strategic marketing initiatives, and, from time to time, acquisitions of bottling territories.
Territory and Bottler Acquisitions in 2002
Dr Pepper territory from Kalil Bottling Co. August 6, 2002
Operating in southern portion of Arizona.
Austin Coca-Cola Bottling Company August 8, 2002
Operating in Minnesota.
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Moak Bottling Co. Inc. September 30, 2002
Dr Pepper bottler in Mississippi.
Coca-Cola territory from Dawson Creek Beverages Ltd. October 4, 2002
Operating in northern British Columbia.
Coca-Cola territory from Browns Beverages Ltd. November 1, 2002
Operating in northern Ontario.
The total cost of our acquisitions in 2002 was approximately $30 million, and the total cost of all our acquisitions since our initial public offering in 1986 is approximately $14.6 billion, including assumed and issued debt where applicable. We intend to acquire only bottling businesses offering us the ability to produce long-term shareowner value.
Our bottling territories in North America are located in 46 states of the United States, the District of Columbia, and all ten provinces of Canada. At December 31, 2002, these territories contained approximately 259 million people, representing about 79% of the population of the United States and 98% of the population of Canada.
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Our bottling territories in Europe consist of Belgium, continental France, Great Britain, Luxembourg, Monaco, and the Netherlands. The aggregate population of these territories was approximately 143 million at December 31, 2002.
Distributed within North America:
Brands of The Coca-Cola Company or its subsidiaries include:
Coca-Cola classic, diet Coke, Sprite, caffeine free diet Coke, Dasani, Barqs root beer and other flavors, caffeine free Coca-Cola classic, Cherry Coke and diet Cherry Coke, Citra, diet Coke with lemon, Vanilla Coke and diet Vanilla Coke, diet Sprite, Fanta, Fresca, Fruitopia, Hi-C fruit drinks, KMX, Mad River, Manzana Mia, Mello Yello, Minute Maid juices and juice drinks, regular and diet Minute Maid Lemonade and Fruit Punch, Minute Maid Pink Lemonade, Minute Maid and diet Minute Maid soft drinks, Pibb Xtra, Planet Java, Powerade and Powerade light, Red Flash, Seagrams and TAB.
Other brands include:
Nestea products (Nestea, Cool From Nestea, and diet Nestea), under license from Coca-Cola Nestlé Refreshments, USA, now known as Beverage Partners Worldwide-Americas, a joint venture between The Coca-Cola Company and Nestlé SA; Evian, under license from The Coca-Cola Company, which has a master distribution agreement in North America with Groupe Danone; and various other beverage products under the trademarks of companies other than The Coca-Cola Company: A&W, Canada Dry, C plus, Dr Pepper, diet Dr Pepper and Dr Pepper Red Fusion, Mendota, Schweppes and Squirt.
Our top five brands in North America in 2002:
Coca-Cola classic, diet Coke, Sprite, caffeine free diet Coke and Dasani.
Distributed within Europe:
Brands of The Coca-Cola Company or its subsidiaries include:
Coca-Cola, diet Coke/Coke light, Fanta, Schweppes, Sprite, Alive, Aquana, Aquarius, Bonaqua, Burn, caffeine free Coca-Cola, caffeine free Coca-Cola light, caffeine free diet
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| Coke, Canada Dry, Cherry Coke, Cresta, diet coke/Coke light with Lemon, diet Fanta/Fanta light, Dr Pepper and diet Dr Pepper, Five Alive, Frutonic, Hawaii, Kia-Ora, Kinley, Lilt and Lilt light, Malvern, Minute Maid juices and juice drinks, Nalu, Oasis, Powerade, Roses, Splash and Sprite light. |
Other brands include:
Appletiser, Ashbourne, Buxton, Capri-Sun, Cecemel, Evian, Fernandes, Mickeys Adventures and Roo Juice, Nestea, Nestea Splash, Perrier, Red Devil, Rosport, Spa, Vittel and Viva.
Our top five brands in Europe in 2002:
Coca-Cola, diet Coke/Coke light, Fanta, Schweppes and Sprite.
We manufacture most of our finished product from syrups and concentrates that we buy from The Coca-Cola Company and other licensors.
We deliver most of our product directly to retailers for sale to the ultimate consumers, but for some products, in some territories, we distribute through wholesalers who deliver to retailers.
During 2002:
| | 87% of our equivalent cases were sold as finished product. |
Package mix (North America and Europe):
44% cans
52% other nonrefillables
4% refillables and pre-mix
caloric/low calorie (North America):
70% caloric
30% low calorie
| | 13% of our equivalent cases were sold as fountain syrup (sometimes called post-mix), which is mixed with carbon dioxide and water when dispensed. |
Programs
We rely extensively on advertising and sales promotions in marketing our products. The Coca-Cola Company and the other beverage companies that supply concentrates, syrups and finished products to us make advertising expenditures in all major media to promote sales in the local areas we serve. We also benefit from national advertising programs conducted by The Coca-Cola Company and other beverage companies. Certain of the marketing expenditures by The Coca-Cola Company and other beverage companies are made pursuant to annual arrangements. Although The Coca-Cola Company is not obligated to provide marketing support under either the domestic or international beverage agreements, during 2002 it provided approximately $837 million in marketing support directly to us.
Cold Drink Equipment Programs. We and The Coca-Cola Company are parties to a 1999-2008 Cold Drink Equipment Purchase Partnership Program agreement dated January 23, 2002 covering certain of our territories located in the United States (sometimes referred to as the Jumpstart
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program). This agreement, which amends and restates in their entirety several earlier contracts dealing with this program, took effect as of January 1, 1999.
The agreement contains our commitment to purchase approximately 1.2 million cumulative units of vending equipment and specifies the number of venders and manual equipment that must be purchased by us in each year during the term of the agreement. Our failure to purchase the number of venders or manual equipment in any year will not be a violation of the agreement if cumulative equipment purchases (venders and manual equipment) meet the aggregate target for the year, and the number of venders purchased during the year is at least equal to 80% of the venders required to be purchased during that year.
During the years 1999 through 2001, The Coca-Cola Company made quarterly base funding payments to us to assist us in the construction of an infrastructure to support the increased rate of cold drink equipment placements. These payments totaled approximately $510 million.
If we fail to meet our minimum purchase requirements for any calendar year, we will meet with The Coca-Cola Company to mutually develop a reasonable solution/alternative based on market place developments, mutual assessment and agreement relative to the continuing availability of profitable placement opportunities and continuing participation in the market planning process between the two companies. The program can be terminated if no agreement about the shortfall is reached and the shortfall is not remedied by the end of the first quarter of the succeeding calendar year. The program can also be terminated if the agreement is otherwise breached by us and not resolved within 90 days after notice from The Coca-Cola Company. Upon termination, certain funding amounts previously paid to us would be repaid to The Coca-Cola Company, plus interest at one percent per month from the date of initial funding. However, provided that we have partially performed, such repayment obligation shall be reduced to such amount (if less) as The Coca-Cola Company shall reasonably determine will be adequate to deliver the financial returns that would have been received by The Coca-Cola Company had all equipment placement commitments been fully performed, and had the vend volume, reasonably anticipated by The Coca-Cola Company, been achieved. We would be excused from any failure to perform under the program that is occasioned by any cause beyond our reasonable control.
Equipment purchased by us is to be kept in place at customer locations for at least 12 years from date of purchase, with certain exceptions.
We are required to establish, maintain and publish for our employees a flavor set standard applicable to all venders and units of manual equipment we own, requiring a certain percentage of the products dispensed to be products of The Coca-Cola Company. To the extent that competitive products, i.e., products other than those of The Coca-Cola Company, are dispensed in venders or manual equipment purchased in connection with the Jumpstart program, then we are obligated, in some circumstances, to make a fair share payment to The Coca-Cola Company. If such a payment were required, then the amount of the fair share payment would be computed annually during the term of the agreement, and would be the percentage of competitive products dispensed during the prior 12 months in equipment acquired in connection with the cold drink program, times the total support funding for that period. However, if we have engaged in mutually agreed activities to develop an infrastructure to support increased cold drink placement, then The Coca-Cola Company agrees to reinvest the fair share payment to support those infrastructure activities; if those activities have not taken place, the fair share payment will be deducted from any annual or fourth quarter payment due to us. There have never been any fair share payments under the agreement.
For 12 years following the purchase of equipment, we are required to report to The Coca-Cola Company whether equipment purchased under the program has generated, on average, a specified minimum weekly volume during the preceding twelve months.
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If we are in material breach of any of our agreements with respect to the production and sale of products of The Coca-Cola Company during the term of the agreement, or if we attempt to terminate any of those agreements absent breach by The Coca-Cola Company, then The Coca-Cola Company may terminate the Jumpstart program and recover all money paid to us under the agreement. The amount to be repaid shall not exceed an amount adequate (in The Coca-Cola Companys reasonable determination) to deliver the financial returns that would have been received by The Coca-Cola Company had all equipment placement commitments been fully performed, and had throughputs, reasonably anticipated by The Coca-Cola Company, been achieved.
We have substantially similar agreements in effect with affiliates of The Coca-Cola Company for our territories in Europe and Canada. The European agreement provides for the purchase of approximately 397,000 venders and aggregate payments to us of approximately 25.9 million euro and 44 million pounds sterling for periods from July 1, 1997 through December 31, 2000. The Canadian agreement provides for the purchase of approximately 243,000 venders and aggregate payments to us of approximately CDN $112 million over substantially the same period.
We have received approximately $1.2 billion in payments under the programs since they began in 1994. No additional amounts are due.
No refunds have ever been paid under these programs, and we believe the probability of a partial refund of amounts previously paid under the programs is remote. We believe we would in all cases resolve any matters that might arise regarding these programs. We and The Coca-Cola Company have amended prior agreements to reflect, where appropriate, modified goals, and we believe that we can continue to resolve any differences that might arise over the implementation of the Jumpstart program.
Growth Initiative Program with The Coca-Cola Company. We have an agreement with The Coca-Cola Company dated April 15, 2002, as amended March 11, 2003, concerning a program designed to increase profitable growth of The Coca-Cola Companys brands within our territories. Volume growth targets have been set for 2003 for North America and Europe. Targets for succeeding years are to be set by agreement of the parties.
Cash support under this program was $150 million in 2002 and will be $200 million in 2003. Beginning in 2004, the annual funding impact reduces each year until 2007, when it becomes $150 million and remains at that level through 2009 and in any subsequent year during which the growth initiative program is in effect. We will earn the full amount of each years cash funding portion if we attain mutually established volume growth rates. Cash funding will be paid to us quarterly. Failure to attain goals could result in the reduction of future payments from The Coca-Cola Company. Exceeding goals will not result in additional funding; however, the number of cases by which we exceed the targets will be applied to reduce the targets in the following year.
The Coca-Cola Company expects to contain concentrate price increases in a specified range until further notice. The program also provides that if our net wholesale price increase in North America falls significantly below any concentrate price increase imposed by The Coca-Cola Company, and if both parties agree that wholesale price increases in North America need to be significantly lower than the concentrate price increase imposed by The Coca-Cola Company and both companies agree that this is not solvable by any other means, then The Coca-Cola Company has agreed to evaluate its allocation of resources to provide mutually agreeable assistance. For our European territories, The Coca-Cola Company has agreed, until further notice, that concentrate price increases would not exceed our net wholesale price increases.
In North America, effective January 1, 2002, the agreement shifted the cost of most cooperative trade marketing programs to us while the cost of cooperative advertising programs were transferred to The Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company adjusted the existing marketing funds formula for
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the impact of these cost shifts. (See North American Beverage Agreements and European Beverage Agreements below.)
The program can be terminated with or without cause by either party, upon six months notice; however, if an annual plan has been agreed upon, the termination will not take effect until the end of the applicable plan year.
Transition Support Funding for Herb Coca-Cola. The Coca-Cola Company has agreed to provide support payments for the marketing of certain brands of The Coca-Cola Company in the territories of Hondo Incorporated and Herbco Enterprises, Inc., acquired by us in July 2001. We received $14 million in 2002 and will receive $14 million annually in the years 2003 through 2008, and $11 million in 2009. Payments received and earned under this agreement are not subject to being refunded to The Coca-Cola Company.
Seasonality
Sales of our products are seasonal, with the second and third calendar quarters accounting for higher sales volumes than the first and fourth quarters. Sales in the European bottling territories are more volatile because of the higher sensitivity of European consumption to weather conditions.
Large Customers
Approximately 51% of our North American bottle and can volume, and 41% of our European bottle and can volume, is sold through the supermarket channel. The supermarket industry is in the process of consolidating, and a few chains control a significant amount of the volume. The loss of one or more chains as a customer could have a material adverse effect upon our business, but we believe that any such loss in North America would be unlikely, because of our products proven ability to bring retail traffic into the supermarket and the resulting benefits to the store, and we are the only source for our bottle and can products within our exclusive territories. Within the European Union, however, our customers can order from any other Coca-Cola bottler within the European Union, some of which may have lower prices than our European bottlers.
In addition to concentrates, sweeteners and finished product, we purchase carbon dioxide, glass and plastic bottles, cans, closures, post-mix packaging (such as plastic bags in cardboard boxes) and other packaging materials. We generally purchase our raw materials, other than concentrates, syrups and sweeteners, from multiple suppliers. The beverage agreements with The Coca-Cola Company provide that all authorized containers, closures, cases, cartons and other packages and labels for the products of The Coca-Cola Company must be purchased from manufacturers approved by The Coca-Cola Company.
High fructose corn syrup is the principal sweetener used by us in the United States and Canada for beverage products, other than low-calorie products, of The Coca-Cola Company and other cross-franchise brands, although sugar (sucrose) was also used as a sweetener in Canada during 2002. During 2002, substantially all of our requirements for sweeteners in the United States were supplied through purchases by us from The Coca-Cola Company. In Europe, the principal sweetener is sugar from sugar beets, purchased from multiple suppliers. We do not separately purchase low-calorie sweeteners, because sweeteners for low-calorie beverage products of The Coca-Cola Company are contained in the syrup or concentrate we purchase from The Coca-Cola Company.
We currently purchase most of our requirements for plastic bottles in the United States from manufacturers jointly owned by us and other Coca-Cola bottlers and from production cooperatives in
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which we participate. We are the majority shareowner of Western Container Corporation, a major producer of plastic bottles. In Canada, a merchant supplier is used. In Europe, we produce most of our plastic bottle requirements using preforms purchased from various merchant suppliers. We believe that ownership interests in certain suppliers, participation in cooperatives, and the self-manufacture of certain packages can serve to reduce or manage costs.
During the fourth quarter of 2002, together with most other bottlers of Coca-Cola in the United States, we became a member of the Coca-Cola Bottlers Sales & Services Company LLC, which will ultimately combine the purchasing volumes for goods and supplies of multiple Coca-Cola bottlers to achieve efficiencies in purchasing.
We use no materials or supplies that are currently in short supply, although the supply of specific materials could be adversely affected by strikes, weather conditions, governmental controls or national emergencies.
North American Beverage Agreements
Pricing
Pursuant to the North American beverage agreements, The Coca-Cola Company establishes the prices charged to us for concentrates for Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages, Allied Beverages (both as defined below), noncarbonated beverages and post-mix. The Coca-Cola Company has no rights under the United States beverage agreements to establish the resale prices at which we sell our products.
Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements in the United States with The Coca-Cola Company
We purchase concentrates from The Coca-Cola Company and produce, market and distribute our principal nonalcoholic beverage products within the United States under two basic forms of beverage agreements with The Coca-Cola Company: beverage agreements that cover the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages (the Cola Beverage Agreements), and beverage agreements that cover other carbonated and some noncarbonated beverages of The Coca-Cola Company (the Allied Beverages and Allied Beverage Agreements) (referred to collectively in this report as the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements). See Introduction and Products. We are parties to one Cola Beverage Agreement and to various Allied Beverage Agreements for each territory. In this section, unless the context indicates otherwise, a reference to us refers to the legal entity in the United States that is a party to the beverage agreements with The Coca-Cola Company.
Cola Beverage Agreements in the United States with The Coca-Cola Company
Exclusivity. The Cola Beverage Agreements provide that we will purchase our entire requirements of concentrates and syrups for Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages from The Coca-Cola Company at prices, terms of payment and other terms and conditions of supply determined from time to time by The Coca-Cola Company in its sole discretion. We may not produce, distribute or handle cola products other than those of The Coca-Cola Company. We have the exclusive right to distribute Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages for sale in authorized containers within our territories. The Coca-Cola Company may determine, in its sole discretion, what types of containers are authorized for use with products of The Coca-Cola Company.
Transshipping. We may not sell Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages outside our territories.
Our Obligations. We are obligated:
(a) to maintain such plant and equipment, staff and distribution and vending facilities as are capable of manufacturing, packaging and distributing Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages in accordance
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with the Cola Beverage Agreements and in sufficient quantities to satisfy fully the demand for these beverages in our territories;
(b) to undertake adequate quality control measures prescribed by The Coca-Cola Company;
(c) to develop and to stimulate the demand for Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages in our territories;
(d) to use all approved means and spend such funds on advertising and other forms of marketing as may be reasonably required to satisfy that objective; and
(e) to maintain such sound financial capacity as may be reasonably necessary to assure our performance of our obligations to The Coca-Cola Company.
We are required to meet annually with The Coca-Cola Company to present our marketing, management and advertising plans for the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages for the upcoming year, including financial plans showing that we have the consolidated financial capacity to perform our duties and obligations to The Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company may not unreasonably withhold approval of such plans. If we carry out our plans in all material respects, we will be deemed to have satisfied our obligations to develop, stimulate and satisfy fully the demand for the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages and to maintain the requisite financial capacity. Failure to carry out such plans in all material respects would constitute an event of default that, if not cured within 120 days of written notice of the failure, would give The Coca-Cola Company the right to terminate the Cola Beverage Agreements. If we at any time fail to carry out a plan in all material respects in any geographic segment of our territory, and if such failure is not cured within six months after written notice of the failure, The Coca-Cola Company may reduce the territory covered by that Cola Beverage Agreement by eliminating the portion of the territory in which such failure has occurred.
Acquisition of Other Bottlers. If we acquire control, directly or indirectly, of any bottler of Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages in the United States, or any party controlling a bottler of Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages in the United States, we must cause the acquired bottler to amend its agreement for the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages to conform to the terms of the Cola Beverage Agreements.
Term and Termination. The Cola Beverage Agreements are perpetual, but they are subject to termination by The Coca-Cola Company upon the occurrence of an event of default by us. Events of default with respect to each Cola Beverage Agreement include:
(a) production or sale of any cola product not authorized by The Coca-Cola Company;
(b) insolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution, receivership, or the like;
(c) any disposition by us of any voting securities of any bottling company without the consent of The Coca-Cola Company; and
(d) any material breach of any of our obligations under that Cola Beverage Agreement that remains unresolved for 120 days after written notice by The Coca-Cola Company.
If any Cola Beverage Agreement is terminated because of an event of default, The Coca-Cola Company has the right to terminate all other Cola Beverage Agreements we hold.
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In addition, each Cola Beverage Agreement provides that The Coca-Cola Company has the right to terminate that Cola Beverage Agreement if a person or affiliated group (with specified exceptions) acquires or obtains any contract or other right to acquire, directly or indirectly, beneficial ownership of more than 10% of any class or series of our voting securities. However, The Coca-Cola Company has agreed with us that this provision will not apply with respect to the ownership of any class or series of our voting securities, although it applies to the voting securities of each bottling company subsidiary.
The provisions of the Cola Beverage Agreements that make it an event of default to dispose of any Cola Beverage Agreement or voting securities of any bottling company subsidiary without the consent of The Coca-Cola Company and that prohibit the assignment or transfer of the Cola Beverage Agreements are designed to preclude any person not acceptable to The Coca-Cola Company from obtaining an assignment of a Cola Beverage Agreement or from acquiring any of our voting securities of our bottling subsidiaries. These provisions prevent us from selling or transferring any of our interest in any bottling operations without the consent of The Coca-Cola Company. These provisions may also make it impossible for us to benefit from certain transactions, such as mergers or acquisitions that might be beneficial to us and our shareowners, but which are not acceptable to The Coca-Cola Company.
Allied Beverage Agreements in the United States with The Coca-Cola Company
The Allied Beverages are beverages of The Coca-Cola Company, its subsidiaries, and joint ventures that are either carbonated beverages, but not Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages, or are certain noncarbonated beverages, such as Hi-C fruit drinks, self-manufactured Fruitopia, and Cool from Nestea. The Allied Beverage Agreements contain provisions that are similar to those of the Cola Beverage Agreements with respect to transshipping, authorized containers, planning, quality control, transfer restrictions and related matters but have certain significant differences from the Cola Beverage Agreements.
Exclusivity. Under the Allied Beverage Agreements, we have exclusive rights to distribute the Allied Beverages in authorized containers in specified territories. Like the Cola Beverage Agreements, we have advertising, marketing and promotional obligations, but without restriction for some brands as to the marketing of products with similar flavors as long as there is no manufacturing or handling of other products that would imitate, infringe upon or cause confusion with, the products of The Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company has the right to discontinue any or all Allied Beverages, and we have a right, but not an obligation, under each of the Allied Beverage Agreements (except under the Allied Beverage Agreements for Hi-C fruit drinks and carbonated Minute Maid beverages) to elect to market any new beverage introduced by The Coca-Cola Company under the trademarks covered by the respective Allied Beverage Agreements.
Term and Termination. Each Allied Beverage Agreement has a term of ten or fifteen years and is renewable by us for an additional ten or fifteen years at the end of each term. The initial term for many of our Allied Beverage Agreements expired in 1996 and substantially all were renewed. We intend to renew substantially all the Allied Beverage Agreements as they expire. We believe that our interdependent relationship with The Coca-Cola Company and the substantial cost and disruption to that company that would be caused by non renewals ensure that these agreements will be renewed upon expiration. The Allied Beverage Agreements are subject to termination in the event we default. The Coca-Cola Company may terminate an Allied Beverage Agreement in the event of: (i) insolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution, receivership, or the like; (ii) termination of our Cola Beverage Agreement by either party for any reason; or (iii) any material breach of any of our obligations under the Allied Beverage Agreement that remains uncured after required prior written notice by The Coca-Cola Company.
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Noncarbonated Beverage Agreements in the United States with The Coca-Cola Company
We purchase and distribute certain noncarbonated beverages such as isotonics, teas, and juice drinks in finished form from The Coca-Cola Company, or its designees or joint ventures, and produce, market and distribute Dasani water, pursuant to the terms of marketing and distribution agreements (the Noncarbonated Beverage Agreements). The Noncarbonated Beverage Agreements contain provisions that are similar to the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements with respect to authorized containers, planning, quality control, transfer restrictions and related matters but have certain significant differences from the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements.
Exclusivity. Unlike the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements, which grant us exclusivity in the distribution of the covered beverages in our territory, the Noncarbonated Beverage Agreements grant exclusivity but permit The Coca-Cola Company to test market the noncarbonated beverage products in the territory, subject to our right of first refusal to do so, and to sell the noncarbonated beverages to commissaries for delivery to retail outlets in the territory where noncarbonated beverages are consumed on-premise, such as restaurants. The Coca-Cola Company must pay us certain fees for lost volume, delivery and taxes in the event of such commissary sales. Also, under the Noncarbonated Beverage Agreements, we may not sell other beverages in the same product category.
Pricing. The Coca-Cola Company, in its sole discretion, establishes the pricing we must pay for the noncarbonated beverages or, in the case of Dasani, the concentrate, but has agreed, under certain circumstances for some products, to give the benefit of more favorable pricing if such pricing is offered to other bottlers of Coca-Cola products.
Term. Each of the Noncarbonated Beverage Agreements has a term of ten or fifteen years and is renewable by us for an additional ten years at the end of each term. The initial term for most of the Noncarbonated Beverage Agreements for Powerade will expire in 2004, for Nestea and Minute Maid juices and juice drinks in 2007, and for Dasani in 2015. We believe our interdependent relationship with The Coca-Cola Company and the substantial cost and disruption to that company that would be caused by nonrenewals ensure that these agreements will be renewed upon expiration.
Marketing and Other Support in the United States from The Coca-Cola Company
The Coca-Cola Company has no obligation under the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements and Noncarbonated Beverage Agreements to participate with us in expenditures for advertising, marketing and other support. However, it contributed to such expenditures and undertook independent advertising and marketing activities, as well as cooperative advertising and sales promotion programs in 2002. See MarketingProgramsVolume Growth Incentive Program with The Coca-Cola Company.
Post-Mix Sales and Marketing Agreements in the United States with The Coca-Cola Company
We had a distributorship appointment that ended on December 31, 2002 to sell and deliver the post-mix products of The Coca-Cola Company, and we are in the process of approving a renewal of the appointment for an additional five-year term. The new appointment would be terminable by either party for any reason upon ten days written notice. Under the terms of the appointment, we are authorized to distribute such products to retailers for dispensing to consumers within the United States. Unlike the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements, there would be no exclusive territory, and we will face competition not only from sellers of other such products but also from other sellers of such products (including The Coca-Cola Company). In 2002, we sold and/or delivered such post-mix products in all of our major territories in the United States. Depending on the territory, we are involved in the sale, distribution and marketing of post-mix syrups in differing degrees. In some territories, we sell syrup on our own behalf, but the primary responsibility for marketing lies with The Coca-Cola Company. In other territories, we are responsible for marketing post-mix syrup to certain segments of the business.
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Beverage Agreements in the United States with Other Licensors
The beverage agreements in the United States between us and other licensors of beverage products and syrups contain restrictions generally similar in effect to those in the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements as to use of trademarks and trade names, approved bottles, cans and labels, sale of imitations and causes for termination. Those agreements generally give those licensors the unilateral right to change the prices for their products and syrups at any time in their sole discretion. Some of these beverage agreements have limited terms of appointment and, in most instances, prohibit us from dealing in products with similar flavors in certain territories. During 2002, our distribution agreement for Evian water was assigned by Great Brands of Europe to The Coca-Cola Company. Our agreements with subsidiaries of Cadbury Schweppes plc, which represented in 2001 approximately 8% of the beverages sold by us in the United States and the Caribbean, provide that the parties will give each other at least one years notice prior to terminating the agreement for any brand, and pay certain fees in some circumstances. Also, we have agreed that we would not cease distributing Dr Pepper brand products prior to December 31, 2005, or Canada Dry, Schweppes or Squirt brand products prior to December 31, 2004. The termination provisions for Dr Pepper renew for five-year periods; those for the other Cadbury brands renew for three-year periods.
Canadian Beverage Agreements with The Coca-Cola Company
Our bottler in Canada produces, markets and distributes Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages, Allied Beverages and noncarbonated beverages of The Coca-Cola Company and Coca-Cola Ltd., an affiliate of The Coca-Cola Company, (Coca-Cola Beverage Products) in its territories pursuant to license agreements and arrangements with Coca-Cola Ltd., and in certain cases, with The Coca-Cola Company (Canadian Beverage Agreements). The Canadian Beverage Agreements are similar to the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements with respect to authorized containers, planning, quality control, transshipping, transfer restrictions, termination and related matters but have certain significant differences from the Domestic Cola and Allied Beverage Agreements.
Exclusivity. The Canadian Beverage Agreement for Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages gives us the exclusive right to distribute Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages in our territories in bottles authorized by Coca-Cola Ltd. We are also authorized on a nonexclusive basis to sell, distribute and produce canned, pre-mix and post-mix Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages in such territories. At present, there are no other authorized producers or distributors of canned, pre-mix or post-mix Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages in our territories, and we have been advised by Coca-Cola Ltd. that there are no present intentions to authorize any such producers or distributors in the future. In general, the Canadian Beverage Agreement for Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages prohibits us from producing or distributing beverages other than the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages unless Coca-Cola Ltd. has given us written notice that it approves the production and distribution of such beverages.
Pricing. An affiliate of The Coca-Cola Company supplies the concentrates for the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages and may establish and revise at any time the price of concentrates, the payment terms and the other terms and conditions under which we purchase concentrates for the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages. We may not require a deposit on any container used by us for the sale of the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages unless we are required by law or approved by Coca-Cola Ltd. and, if a deposit is required, such deposit may not exceed the greater of the minimum deposit required by law or the deposit approved by Coca-Cola Ltd.
Term. The Canadian Beverage Agreements for Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages expire on July 28, 2007, with provisions to renew for two additional terms of ten years each, provided generally that we have complied with and continue to be capable of complying with their provisions. We believe that our interdependent relationship with The Coca-Cola Company and the substantial cost and disruption to that company that would be caused by nonrenewals ensure that these agreements will
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be renewed upon expiration. Our authorizations to produce, distribute and sell pre-mix and post-mix Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages may be terminated by either party on 90 days written notice.
Marketing and Other Support. Coca-Cola Ltd. has no obligation under the Canadian Beverage Agreements to participate with us in expenditures for advertising, marketing and other support. However, it contributed to such expenditures and undertook independent advertising and marketing activities, as well as cooperative advertising and sales promotion programs in 2002. See MarketingProgramsVolume Growth Incentive Program with The Coca-Cola Company.
Other Coca-Cola Beverage Products. Our license agreements and arrangements with Coca-Cola Ltd., and in certain cases, with The Coca-Cola Company, for the Coca-Cola Beverage Products other than Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages are on terms generally similar to those contained in the license agreement for the Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages.
Beverage Agreements in Canada with Other Licensors
We have several license agreements and arrangements with other licensors, including license agreements with subsidiaries of Cadbury Schweppes plc having terms expiring in July 2007 and December 2036, each being renewable for successive five-year terms until terminated by either party. These beverage agreements generally give us the exclusive right to produce and distribute authorized beverages in authorized packaging in specified territories. These beverage agreements also generally provide flexible pricing for the licensors, and in many instances, prohibit us from dealing in beverages confusing with, or imitative of, the authorized beverages. These agreements contain restrictions generally similar to those in the Canadian Beverage Agreements regarding the use of trademarks, approved bottles, cans and labels, sales of imitations and causes for termination.
European Beverage Agreements with The Coca-Cola Company
Our bottlers in Great Britain, continental France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Monaco and our distributor in Luxembourg (the European Bottlers) operate in their respective territories under bottler and distributor agreements with The Coca-Cola Company and The Coca-Cola Export Corporation (the European Beverage Agreements). The European Beverage Agreements have certain significant differences, described below, from the beverage agreements in North America.
We believe that the European Beverage Agreements are substantially similar to other agreements between The Coca-Cola Company and other European bottlers of Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages and Allied Beverages.
Exclusivity. Subject to the European Supplemental Agreement, described below in this report, and certain minor exceptions, our European Bottlers have the exclusive rights granted by The Coca-Cola Company in their territories to sell the beverages covered by their respective European Beverage Agreements in glass bottles, plastic bottles and/or cans. The covered beverages include Coca-Cola Trademark Beverages, Allied Beverages, noncarbonated beverages and certain beverages not sold in the United States. See Business Products above. The Coca-Cola Company has retained the rights, under certain circumstances, to produce and sell, or authorize third parties to produce and sell, the beverages in any other manner or form within the territories. The Coca-Cola Company has granted certain of our European Bottlers a nonexclusive authorization to package and sell post-mix and/or pre-mix beverages in their territories.
Transshipping. Our European Bottlers are prohibited from making sales of the beverages outside of their territories, or to anyone intending to resell the beverages outside their territories, without the consent of The Coca-Cola Company, except for sales arising out of a passive order from a customer in another member state of the European Economic Area or for export to another such member state. The European Beverage Agreements also contemplate that there may be instances in which large or
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special buyers have operations transcending the boundaries of the territories, and in such instances, our European Bottlers agree not to oppose, without valid reason, any additional measures deemed necessary by The Coca-Cola Company to improve sales and distribution to such customers.
Pricing. The European Beverage Agreements provide that the sales of concentrate, beverage base and other goods to our European Bottlers are at prices which are set from time to time by The Coca-Cola Company in its sole discretion.
Term and Termination. The European Beverage Agreements expire July 26, 2006 for the Netherlands, continental France and Belgium, February 10, 2007 for Great Britain, and January 30, 2008 for Luxembourg, unless terminated earlier as provided therein. If our European Bottlers have complied fully with the agreements during the initial term, are capable of the continued promotion, development, and exploitation of the full potential of the business, and request an extension of the agreement, an additional ten-year term may be granted at the sole discretion of The Coca-Cola Company. We believe that our interdependent relationship with The Coca-Cola Company and the substantial cost and disruption to that company that would be caused by nonrenewals ensure that these agreements will be renewed upon expiration. The Coca-Cola Company is given the right to terminate the European Beverage Agreements before the expiration of the stated term upon the insolvency, bankruptcy, nationalization, or similar condition of our European Bottlers or the occurrence of a default under the European Beverage Agreements which is not remedied within 60 days of written notice of the default by The Coca-Cola Company. The European Beverage Agreements may be terminated by either party in the event foreign exchange is unavailable or local laws prevent performance. They also terminate automatically, after a certain lapse of time, if any of our European Bottlers refuse to pay a beverage base price increase for the beverage Coca-Cola. The post-mix and pre-mix authorizations are terminable by either party with 90 days prior written notice.
European Supplemental Agreement with The Coca-Cola Company
In addition to the European Beverage Agreements described above, our European Bottlers (excluding the Luxembourg distributor), The Coca-Cola Company and The Coca-Cola Export Corporation are parties to a supplemental agreement (the European Supplemental Agreement) with regard to our European Bottlers rights pursuant to the European Beverage Agreements. The European Supplemental Agreement permits our European Bottlers to prepare, package, distribute and sell the beverages covered by any of our European Bottlers European Beverage Agreements in any other territory of our European Bottlers, provided that we and The Coca-Cola Company shall have reached agreement upon a business plan for such beverages. The European Supplemental Agreement may be terminated, either in whole or in part by territory, by The Coca-Cola Company at any time with 90 days prior written notice.
Marketing and Other Support in Europe from The Coca-Cola Company
The Coca-Cola Company has no obligation under the European Beverage Agreements to participate with us in expenditures for advertising, marketing and other support. However, it contributed to such expenditures and undertook independent advertising and marketing activities, as well as cooperative advertising and sales promotion programs in 2002. See Marketing Programs Volume Growth Incentive Program with The Coca-Cola Company.
Beverage Agreements in Europe with Other Licensors
The beverage agreements between us and other licensors of beverage products and syrups generally give those licensors the unilateral right to change the prices for their products and syrups at any time in their sole discretion. Some of these beverage agreements have limited terms of appointment and, in most instances, prohibit us from dealing in products with similar flavors. Those agreements contain restrictions generally similar in effect to those in the European Beverage Agreements as to the use of trademarks and trade names, approved bottles, cans and labels, sale of
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imitations, planning and causes for termination. As a condition to Cadbury Schweppes plcs sale of its 51% interest in the British bottler to us in February 1997, we entered into agreements concerning certain aspects of the Cadbury Schweppes products distributed by the British bottler (the Cadbury Schweppes Agreements). These agreements impose obligations upon us with respect to the marketing, sale and distribution of Cadbury Schweppes products within the British bottlers territory. These agreements further require the British bottler to achieve certain agreed growth rates for Cadbury Schweppes brands and grant certain rights and remedies to Cadbury Schweppes if these rates are not met. These agreements also place some limitations upon the British bottlers ability to discontinue Cadbury Schweppes brands, and recognize the exclusivity of certain Cadbury Schweppes brands in their respective flavor categories. The British bottler is given the first right to any new Cadbury Schweppes brands introduced in the territory. These agreements run through 2012 and are automatically renewed for a ten-year term thereafter unless terminated by either party. On July 30, 1999, The Coca-Cola Company announced that it had completed the acquisition of the Cadbury Schweppes beverage brands in, among other places, the United Kingdom. The Cadbury Schweppes beverage brands were not acquired in any other countries in which our European Bottlers operate. Some Cadbury Schweppes beverage brands were acquired by assignment and others by purchase of the entity owning the brand; both methods are referred to as assignments for purposes of this section. Pursuant to the acquisition, Cadbury Schweppes assigned the Cadbury Schweppes Agreements to an affiliate of The Coca-Cola Company. The assignment did not cause a substantive modification of the terms and conditions of the Cadbury Schweppes Agreements.
The nonalcoholic beverage business is highly competitive. Competition exists among many beverages, including soft drinks, isotonics, tea, tea drinks, juices, juice drinks, coffee, coffee drinks, water, beer, wine, wine coolers, milk and milk drinks, and bottled waters. Competitors in this business include bottlers and distributors of beverages marketed and advertised at international, national, regional and local levels, as well as chain store and private label beverages.
Marketing, breadth of product offering, new product and package innovations and pricing are significant factors affecting our competitive position, but the consumer and customer goodwill associated with the trademarks of our products is our most favorable factor. Other competitive factors among beverage distributors include distribution and sales methods, merchandising productivity, customer service, trade and community relationships, the management of sales promotion activities, and access to manufacturing. Vending machine sales and other merchandising equipment are also competitive factors.