UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| (Mark One) | |
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 000-27871
GRIC COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
77-0368092 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
1421 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, California (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
95035 (Zip Code) |
(408) 955-1920
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ý Yes o No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). YES ý NO o
As of February 29, 2004, 39,627,433 shares of Common Stock of registrant were outstanding. The aggregate market value of the shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based upon the closing price of the Registrant's Common Stock on June 30, 2003, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, of $3.89 per share) was approximately $154.2 million.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of registrant's definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which is anticipated to be filed within 120 days after the end of the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof.
GRIC COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
2003 Form 10-K Annual Report
Table of Contents
| PART I | 2 | ||
ITEM 1. BUSINESS |
2 |
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| ITEM 2. PROPERTIES | 17 | ||
| ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 17 | ||
| ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS | 18 | ||
PART II |
20 |
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
20 |
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| ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 20 | ||
| ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 22 | ||
| ITEM 7A. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
45 | ||
| ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 45 | ||
| ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | 47 | ||
| ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 47 | ||
PART III |
48 |
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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT |
48 |
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| ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 50 | ||
| ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | 50 | ||
| ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS | 50 | ||
| ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES | 50 | ||
| ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K | 51 | ||
SIGNATURES |
55 |
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REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS |
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This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933. For example, we make statements of our expectations about our market, operations and product development. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties, including those identified in the section of this report entitled "Factors That May Affect Future Results," that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this report are identified by words such as "believes," "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "may," "will" and similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections, goals or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements except as required by law. You are urged to review carefully our various disclosures, in this report and in other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, that attempt to advise you of the risks and factors that may affect our business.
Overview
We provide secure managed broadband and remote access solutions to enterprises and service providers. Our solutions enable enterprises to securely, reliably, and cost-effectively extend their corporate networks and applications to all of their mobile and remote workers outside the corporate firewall. This includes mobile professionals such as sales professionals, project managers, and engineers; teleworkers including call center agents; telecommuters; and employees in branch offices and retail settings. We provide comprehensive and integrated managed broadband and global remote access products and services that include easy-to-use, intelligent client software; multiple network access modes including broadband, Wi-Fi, and dial-up; state-of-the-art security capabilities that protect valuable corporate information and ensure security policy compliance by remote workers; a real-time remote access management console; end-to-end managed and value-added services including managed security services as well as design, deployment, monitoring, and technical support. Our products and services enable enterprises to reduce the cost, complexity and risk of remote office networking, while maximizing the productivity of mobile and remote workers.
From our incorporation in 1994 until 1997, we were both an Internet service provider in Northern California and an independent software developer for the Internet service provider community. In 1997, we sold our local Internet service provider business. From late 1998 until January 2001, we primarily provided Internet telephony services that were characterized by high revenues that generated low margins. In January 2001 we ceased providing those services to focus on providing Internet-based mobile office communications services based on our clearinghouse and settlement capabilities to service providers and corporate enterprises globally. In December 2003, we acquired Axcelerant, Inc., a privately-held provider of broadband Internet remote access services and managed security services.
Since 1997, the majority of our revenue has come from providing settlement and clearing-house services for our customers. We provide services over a heterogeneous virtual network known as the GRIC TierOne Network. As of February 29, 2004, the GRIC TierOne Network included more than 35,000 Internet access dialing locations, 6,600 public wireless fidelityor WiFihotspots and over 1,400 public broadband access points in approximately 150 countries. Through the acquisition of Axcelerant, GRIC has added a virtual broadband cable modem and DSL network that spans the United States and Canada. This network is an aggregation of the networks of more than 150 broadband providers, including virtually all of the leading cable companies, incumbent local exchange carriers, or ILECs, and competitive local exchange carriers, or CLECs, in the United States. By utilizing this network, GRIC is able to provide comprehensive coverage in the United States for enterprises requiring broadband branch office and broadband teleworker solutions. We created the combined network by forming
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contractual relationships with over 500 Internet service providers, cable companies, DSL companies and telecommunication companies. These providers, to whom we refer as the GRIC TierOne Network members, are able to share their communications networks. Our customers benefit because the resulting network delivers secure mobile Internet access cost-effectively. Our member providers benefit from the GRIC TierOne Network because we manage this shared network and provide settlement services as a clearinghouse. As a clearinghouse, we have established common technical, service and payment standards to settle charges that our customers incur when their end users access the network facilities of GRIC TierOne Network members to conduct Internet-based communications, such as Internet roaming. We intend to continue developing our service offering to introduce new Internet-based remote communications services that may be adopted, deployed and managed on a global scale across the GRIC TierOne Network.
Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ National Market (symbol: GRIC). Our Web site can be accessed at www.gric.com.
Industry Background
Growth of the Demand for Managed Broadband and Global Remote Access Solutions
We expect that demand for managed broadband and global remote access solutions will increase as a result of the increasing mobility of the global workforce, the rapid growth in the number of mobile and remote workers relative to the total workforce; the increasing number of remote sites as enterprises continue to shift people and facilities from corporate headquarters to remote sites as a means of lowering costs and increasing business continuity; the growth in the number of Internet-protocol (IP) applications; the increasing importance of data communications in the business world; the increasing adoption of broadband virtual private networking, or VPN, technologies overall and specifically as a cost-effective replacement for more expensive frame relay and/or private lines; and the rising cost and complexity for enterprises of managing and supporting their growing mobile and remote workforces, which in turn is driving increased adoption of managed or outsourced remote access solutions.
International Data Corporation, a leading industry analyst firm, forecast in a 2002 report that the number of mobile workersworkers who spend more than 10 percent of their time out of their officewill more than double between 2001 and 2006, to 162 million worldwide. As a result of this growth, the mobile office communications market, which includes broadband and dial-up access, mobile data, visitor-based networks, and Internet protocol virtual private network value added services, will more than triple from $21.3 billion in 2001 to $74.3 billion in 2006, according to International Data Corporation.
Other recent market research indicates that the number of mobile and remote workers is large and growing. According to a recent report by Nemertes Research, an independent technology research firm, cited by its President in a February 2004 Network World Fusion article87 percent of employees work at locations other than the headquarters building or campus, typically at a regional facility, sales office, retail store, or home office. In many enterprises, a large percentage of employees work outside corporate headquarters. Furthermore, the Nemertes report indicated that two-thirds of information technology (IT) executives say they expect their companies will hire even more remote workers, based on the idea that increased bandwidth costs are offset by lower real-estate costs and other savings.
According to the 2003 "Network World 500" study, an annual study on the leading technology and management issues facing networking and IT executives in 500 corporations, 93 percent of enterprises that participated in the study have mobile and/or remote workers. The study, which is conducted by Research Concepts LLC and Network World, a leading networking industry trade publication, also revealed that 96 percent of enterprises expected that the number of their remote workers would either increase or stay the same in the subsequent 12 months. Among companies with mobile and remote
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workers, a total of 83 percent said their spending for supporting remote workers would either increase or stay the same. Average spending per surveyed enterprise for products and services for remote workers was targeted at $2.4 million over the same 12 month period.
Most companies that have mobile and remote workers allow these employees to remotely access corporate networks and applications. According to IDC's 2002 U.S. WAN Manager Survey, the percentage of companies that provide remote access for employees traveling offsite averages 77.2 percent among companies with at least 100 employees. The percentage of companies that provide remote access for telecommuters working at home averages 68 percent among companies with at least 100 employees.
We expect rising demand for managed or outsourced remote access services as a result of the increased security risks, complexity and costs of managing and supporting the growing ranks of mobile and remote workers. This reflects the overall trend toward increased usage of outsourced IT services. According to IDC, worldwide spending on outsourced IT services reached more than $68 billion in 2002 and is expected to surpass $99 billion by 2007. The report stated that companies around the world are turning to outsourcing to help reduce or stabilize costs, access advanced technology, compensate for a lack of skilled IT workers, improve business efficiency, meet earning projections, tie technology to business value, and remain competitive in the global marketplace.
Enterprise Challenges Associated with Providing Secure Remote Access for the Growing Remote Workforce
Enterprises face three major "pain points" associated with providing secure, reliable remote access for their growing mobile and remote workforce, particularly those with global operations or globally mobile work forces:
Escalating security risks. According to the 2003 "Network World 500" study, security was the most mentioned challenge (85 percent) when respondents were asked about supporting remote workers. Internet-based remote access exposes enterprises to malicious and undesired security threats. These threats are growing as hackers find new ways to penetrate corporate networks and as "always-on" broadband access and new wireless access technologies including Wi-Fi become more popular. According to the CERT Coordination Center, a government-funded security group, the number of security incidents skyrocketed from 21,756 in 2000 to 137,529 in 2003. The latest Computer Security Institute/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey identified Internet connections as the most frequent point of attack on corporate networks. Despite their concerns about security challenges, enterprises must enable mobile and remote workers to access corporate information and applications.
Growing complexity. Global enterprises face increasing remote access complexity. Rising complexity is being driven by numerous factors including the rapid growth in the number of mobile and remote workers relative to the total workforce; the increasing mobility of the global workforce; the increasing number of remote sites as enterprises continue to shift people and facilities from corporate headquarters to remote sites to lower costs and increase business continuity; the growth in the number of IP applications; and the increasing adoption of new access types such as Wi-Fi. Complexity is also being driven by the increasing numbers and types of remote access devices such as laptop computers, PDAs and smart phones, and by the need for enterprises to engage and manage multiple service providers, each of which has separate management, security, and administrative platforms and invoices.
Rising total costs of secure remote access. As the number of mobile and remote workers rises, an enterprise's total cost of providing secure remote access for mobile and remote workers tends to be significant and growing. The total cost for secure remote access is comprised of three major components:
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Internal staff costs also include costs of engaging and managing multiple service providers that may be needed for an enterprise to provide a comprehensive secure remote access solution on a national or global basis. Enterprises' total remote access costs can further be categorized as either one-time costs, such as the costs for equipment, installation, and service activation, or recurring costs, such as staff costs for ongoing management and support of the remote access infrastructure and the remote workforce, as well as for access charges. In addition, enterprises face additional costs related to issues such as network downtime and security breaches.
Enterprise Options and Solution Requirements
Enterprises have two fundamental options for delivering secure remote access to their growing remote workforce. Enterprises may attempt to provide secure remote access by creating, deploying, and managing their own remote access infrastructure, including their own remote access servers. Many enterprises have found this "do-it-yourself" approach to be time-consuming, inefficient, and cost prohibitive. A second option, more often favored by global enterprises, is to engage one or more service providers to provide partial or full help with the remote access solution. In some cases, enterprises engage service providers only for connectivity or access services while in other cases enterprises utilize service providers for connectivity and access services as well other services such as managed security services, remote network monitoring and trouble-shooting, and management of remote access devices located at network end points.
In either case, a remote access solution for a global enterprise must meet several requirements in order to be useful and effective. Typically, enterprises require security, reliability, broad network coverage, ease of use, management and control, ability to set security and usage policies, multiple forms of access and multiple points of access, flexibility, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness.
The GRIC Solution
GRIC provides a comprehensive, unified and global Internet-based remote communications solution for distributed enterprises. This enterprise-class solution significantly streamlines and simplifies the process of providing secure remote access for all mobile and remote workers outside the corporate firewall. This includes mobile professionals, teleworkers, telecommuters, work extenders and employees in branch offices and retail settings. Importantly, the GRIC solution puts much of the remote access, security, and feature control in the hands of the enterprise IT department. For example, enterprise IT managers can establish security and access policies so that only certain employees, such as senior managers, get access to certain information.
We provide three flagship remote office communications solutions. The three solutions are:
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Our solutions integrate a software client, access, security, and remote access management services, along with a comprehensive set of managed and value-added services, providing a comprehensive solution for enterprises with critical remote communications needs. The foundation of our comprehensive solution is the GRIC TierOne Network, which we believe is the world's largest access network with more than 40,000 wired and wireless access points in over 150 countries. GRIC manages and monitors this shared global network 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Since December 2003, we also provide access to a virtual broadband cable modem and DSL network that spans the United States and Canada. This network is an aggregation of the networks of more than 150 broadband providers, including virtually all of the leading cable companies, ILECs and CLECs in the United States. Together, these three offerings provide distributed enterprises with a comprehensive solution for enterprise connectivity outside the corporate firewall.
Our solutions provide the following benefits to customers:
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Strategy
GRIC's goal is to become the leading provider of managed broadband and global remote access solutions for large, global enterprises. We intend to achieve this goal by providing a compelling and highly differentiated value proposition for enterprises that reduces the risks, complexity and costs of remote networking while facilitating increased productivity of mobile and remote workers.
Our vision is for mobile and remote workers to be able to work productively and effectively, regardless of their location. We are turning this vision into reality by providing a comprehensive, integrated reliable solution enabling mobile and remote workers to securely access a full array of corporate resources and to communicate and collaborate effortlessly with customers, colleagues, partners and others.
We intend to deliver a comprehensive, integrated solution that provides:
Solutions and Services
Solutions
Our solutions and services enable mobile corporate employees and remote workers to access corporate and Internet resources anywhere in the world with ease, security of data and predictable costs. We provide the following flagship solutions to our customers:
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anywhere, anytime. The mobile office solution features easy-to-use, intuitive client software; multiple access methods including Wi-Fi, GPRS, GSM, cable, DSL, ISDN, PHS, dial-up; integrated security capabilities that protect valuable corporate information assets; and our Universal Remote Control real-time remote access management console.
Services
We deliver our flagship solutions by integrating a set of services, based on best-of-breed technology from GRIC and our technology and network partners. These services include:
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productivity. It consists of advanced security products from best-of-breed enterprise vendors, including unique policy enforcement and automatic remediation capabilities from Sygate, Inc. GRIC tightly integrates these products into a seamless, end-to-end security system that enterprises can control via our Universal Remote Control management console. Total Security Protection significantly strengthens the security capabilities of GRIC's family of mobile, teleworker and branch office solutions. The system is fully compatible with all popular VPNs and integrates seamlessly with enterprises' existing security infrastructures. Enterprises can create a customized Total Security Protection service that is tailored to their unique needs.
The GRIC TierOne Network
The network over which we provide our solutions and services is the GRIC TierOne Network, a managed virtual global network. We believe that the GRIC TierOne Network is the world's largest access network with more than 40,000 wired and wireless access points in over 150 countries. As of February 29, 2004, the GRIC TierOne Network included more than 8,000 mobile broadband access points. Of these, approximately 6,600 are Wi-Fi hotspots and 1,400 are hotel Ethernet access locations. Additionally, the GRIC TierOne Network provides what we believe is the most extensive aggregated broadband footprint in North America, including Wi-Fi, DSL and cable modem coverage.
We have created the GRIC TierOne Network by forming business relationships with more than 500 service providers across the world. We combine the networks of these service providers and manage and monitor this shared global network 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. As a key part of these business relationships, we provide settlement and clearinghouse services. As a result, an individual with one GRIC account and one password has the ability to access the Internet through hundreds of service provider networks around the globe and receive a single monthly invoice.
Customers
Our solution is used by corporate enterprises of all sizes worldwide as well as by individuals who obtain Internet services through our global service provider resellers. We market and sell our solutions directly to corporate enterprise customers as well as through our service provider resellers and value added resellers. Corporate enterprise customers include American Management Systems, Inc., Avnet, Inc., Stratex Networks, Inc., IMG Worldwide, Inc., International Rectifier, Inc., Juniper Networks, Inc.,
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Global Network Solutions, operating division of Lockheed Martin Global Telecommunications, Inc., Matsushita Avionics Systems Corporation, Petrolera Ameriven S.A., The Proctor and Gamble Company, The Stanley Works Corporation and VeriSign, Inc. Service provider resellers include America Online, Inc., Belgacom SA, Chunghwa Telecom, Deutsche Telekom AG, Global Crossing North America, Inc., NTTPC Communications, Inc., KDDI Corporation, NEC Corporation, NetVision Ltd, SingNet Pte Ltd., Sony Communication Network Corporation, On Australia Pty Ltd., and UUNet Technologies, Inc. Value-added resellers include AT&T Global Communications Services, Inc., Cable & Wireless plc, Fiberlink Communications Corporation, Fujitsu Limited, IMC Incorporated, Redstone Communications Limited, Tempest Telecommunications, T-Systems, Inc. and VPM Internet Services, Inc. In 2003, two companies each accounted for more than ten percent of our revenues: Sony Communication Network Corporation (19%) and Fiberlink Communications Corporation (15%).
Sales, Marketing and Customer Service and Support
Sales
Our sales strategy is to pursue targeted accounts both directly through our internal sales force and indirectly through our strategic partners. In the past, we have principally targeted our sales efforts at medium and large Internet service providers, Internet divisions of traditional telecommunications providers and other providers of Internet-based services interested in using or reselling Internet-based mobile office communications services. We are currently principally targeting our direct sales efforts at medium to large corporate enterprises that have large or growing mobile and remote workforces and, to a lesser extent, at value added resellers that target similar types of companies.
We currently maintain domestic direct sales personnel in Arizona, California, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Texas and Virginia and an international direct sales force in Australia, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and the United Kingdom. The direct sales force is organized into individual regional account teams, which include sales representatives, sales engineers and account managers.
We complement our direct sales force with value-added resellers, systems integrators and software developers, particularly those offering virtual private networking solutions. These parties provide a global extension of our direct sales force and serve as a source of leads and referrals.
We also maintain an extensive website that, among other things, provides information to prospective customers and affiliates concerning the technical and other requirements for becoming a member of the GRIC TierOne Network.
Marketing
Our marketing programs are targeted at corporate enterprises and are currently focused on creating awareness of, and generating interest in our products and services. We engage in a variety of marketing activities, including:
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Customer Service and Support
We believe that customer service and support are critical to maintaining existing customer relationships and developing relationships with new customers. Our customer service group performs pre-sales support, product installation and customization, technical support and consulting services, customer training and product maintenance. Through our network operation center in California we have established a globally distributed sales and support capability that provides support coverage 24 hours-a-day, seven days-a-week.
Research and Development
Our research and development efforts are focused on improving the functionality and performance of our existing Internet-based mobile office communications products. We obtain extensive product development input from our customers and monitor our customers' needs and changes in the marketplace. We are evaluating alternative methods for determining the feasibility of providing remote Internet access through a variety of broadband and wireless delivery technologies. We continue to certify the interoperability of our products with those of other vendors, particularly virtual private networking companies. In addition, we are developing improved network management capabilities and enhanced end user features as part of our mobile office, broadband teleworker and broadband branch office services offerings.
We believe our success will depend, in part, on our ability to develop and introduce new products and enhancements to our existing products. We have made significant investments and we intend to continue to invest in research and development. Our research and development expenditures were approximately $2.5 million in 2003, $2.8 million in 2002 and $5.3 million in 2001. If we are unable to develop new products or enhancements to existing products on a timely basis, or if the new products or enhancements fail to achieve market acceptance, our business, prospects and results of operations will suffer.
We utilize our software development center in Bangalore, India to supplement our software engineering efforts in the United States. As of February 29, 2004, the number of software engineers in our Bangalore, India facility was 53.
Competition
We compete in markets that are new, intensely competitive, highly fragmented and rapidly changing, primarily on the basis of the following factors:
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There are low barriers to entry to new or existing businesses seeking to offer services on the Internet, although a substantial investment of time and resources would be required for a new market entrant to establish a global network. As a result, our business environment is intensely competitive, highly fragmented and rapidly changing. Competition can come from many sources and may be focused on different segments of our business. We compete with companies such as iPass and Fiberlink in the market for Internet roaming and related settlement services and we compete with companies such as MegaPath, ePresence and Netifice in the managed broadband services market. There are also large communications service provider companies such as AT&T, Equant and WorldCom/UUNET that compete, or have the ability and resources to compete, in our principal market, by offering clearinghouse and roaming services. Some of our competitors, such as Fiberlink, AT&T and WorldCom/UUNET, also resell our services.
Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources, larger customer bases, longer operating histories, greater name recognition and more established relationships in the industry than we have. In addition, a number of these competitors may merge or form strategic partnerships. As a result, certain of these competitors may be able to offer, or bring to market earlier, products or services that are superior to our own in terms of features, quality, pricing or other factors. Our failure to compete successfully in any of the markets in which we compete could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations, or financial condition or on the price of our common stock.
Government Regulation
We are not currently subject to any federal or state regulations imposed on telecommunications service providers, and we do not believe that we are subject to any local regulations, or any laws or regulations governing access to, or commerce on, the Internet, other than regulations applicable to businesses generally.
United States. We believe that under United States law, the Internet related services that we provide constitute information services, and are not regulated telecommunications services. Therefore, our services are not currently subject to regulation by the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC"), and by operation of federal preemption law, are also exempt from regulation by state agencies charged with regulating telecommunications carriers. We do not know whether, or the extent to which, our Internet related services may be subject to regulation by the FCC or state telecommunications authorities in the future.
Our customers access and make use of our services through a variety of platforms (e.g. Wi-Fi, dialup modem, cable modem, broadband, etc.). Although we are not regulated as a telecommunications carrier, many of the platforms through which our customers access our services are subject to extensive regulation. Any changes to the regulations governing these underlying platforms may impact the ability of our customers to access our services, as well as related costs. To the extent that our United States customers are adversely affected by the combination of increased costs of Internet access and/or transport services, or changes in the availability of services, we cannot be certain that our business will not be adversely affected as well.
Regulatory Treatment of Broadband Access. In August 2003, the FCC issued an Order ("TRO") that significantly changed many of the regulations governing the telecommunications industry. Among the changes adopted, the FCC determined that all-fiber loops to a customer's premises are not subject to the mandatory unbundling provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, and that in the case of "hybrid" loops containing some fiber and some copper, the broadband capabilities of these loops do not need to be unbundled. These rulings give the incumbent local exchange carriers greater control over whether, and at what price, broadband access facilities will be made available to third parties. The FCC's TRO was appealed by a number of interested parties, all of which appeals were consolidated
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before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit ("D.C. Circuit") in USTA v. FCC, No. 00-1012 ("USTA II"). On March 2, 2004, the D.C. Circuit issued a decision in the case. Although several aspects of the FCC's TRO were vacated and/or remanded to the FCC, the D.C. Circuit upheld the FCC's decisions regarding broadband unbundling. The Court stayed its decision until the denial of any petitions for rehearing or suggestions for rehearing en banc, or for a 60-day period (i.e., until May 1, 2004), whichever is later. Consequently, because of the pendency of the proceedings, we cannot at this time state with any certainty the impact of the unresolved issues upon our business.
The regulatory treatment of provisioning by incumbent local exchange carriers of stand-alone broadband and broadband sold in combination with Internet access services is currently under regulatory review in several proceedings, including the following: (1) a pending FCC proceeding that is considering deregulation of incumbent local exchange carrier broadband services and facilities where the incumbent local exchange carrier is classified as non-dominant in the provision of local exchange and exchange access service; (2) a pending FCC proceeding that is considering re-classification of broadband services as "Non-Title II" services, meaning that they would no longer be considered telecommunications services, and thus would be unregulated; (3) an FCC proceeding to examine whether the incumbent local exchange carriers may seek waiver of interconnection and unbundling obligations on a case-by-case basis; and (4) a new proceeding, expected to be released soon, that would consider the regulatory status of IP-based services. It is not clear at this time whether this new rulemaking will consider additional deregulatory actions related to incumbent broadband offerings. If the FCC further exempts or substantially reduces incumbent local exchange carriers from regulation of these broadband services (for example, by eliminating regulations governing end user prices or collocation of competitive DSL providers' equipment in central offices), broadband offerings by incumbent local exchange carriers may become more widely available and/or impact the rates at which the service is offered. At this time, we are unable to predict the impact, if any, that additional regulatory action on this issue will have on our business.
Regulatory Treatment of Cable Modem Services. A decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, issued in October 2003, vacated in part an FCC declaratory ruling that cable modem services consisted of information services only, and did not include a separate offering of telecommunications service. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit remanded the decision back to the FCC for further proceedings. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit found that cable modem service included, in part, the offering of telecommunications services. The Court's decision is subject to a pending petition for rehearing. Consequently, pending further FCC consideration of the matter, providers of cable modem service may be deemed and treated as telecommunications carriers, at least in part, in their provision of such services and subject to common carrier requirements, such as nondiscrimination and authorization obligations under Title II of the Communications Act, and universal service contribution obligations, depending upon what the FCC determines in response to the Court's instruction. Furthermore, the determination by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit may expose providers of cable modem services to potential claims that, because they are offering, in part, telecommunications services, as well as information services (in part), they fall under FCC requirements that facilities-based providers of information services must open their networks to competitive providers of information services. The imposition of additional regulatory obligations on cable modem providers may significantly impact the rates of such service. At this time, we are unable to predict the impact, if any, that additional regulatory action on this issue will have on our business.
Regulatory Treatment of Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). Wireless Fidelity or "Wi-Fi" is the most widely used wireless local area network technology operating at a range of 150 to 250 feet. Wi-Fi can be utilized for a range of services, including a growing variety of home, consumer, business and public networking applications, as well as such demanding applications as wireless multimedia video transmission and broadcast MPEG. Wi-Fi operates on an unlicensed basis and allows for high speed
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data transfer. Users of mobile devices with Wi-Fi capabilities can establish high-speed wireless Internet connections within buildings or spaces, commonly called "hot spots," where Wi-Fi technology has been deployed. Hot spots typically rely on high-speed landline technologies, such as T-1 lines, DSL, or cable modems, to connect to the PSTN and Internet. Because the technology allows consumers to obtain high-speed wireless Internet connections within certain locations, it has the potential to act as both a substitute and a complement to data services offered over mobile telephone networks. Despite the FCC's jurisdiction over the use of this technology, it is, as stated, currently unlicensed by the FCC. At this time, we are unable to predict the impact, if any, that future regulatory action on this issue will have on our business.
Regulatory Treatment of Voice Over Internet Protocol (IP) Services or IP Enabled Services. Currently, the FCC and most state regulators do not treat voice services relying on IP to be telecommunications services for regulatory purposes. A number of providers are using IP-enabled services to compete with voice services, and some providers using IP-enabled services may be avoiding certain regulatory obligations or access charges for interexchange services that might otherwise be due if such IP-enabled service offerings were subject to regulation. The FCC has announced a rulemaking proceeding to address the regulatory treatment of voice over IP services. The comment cycle on this rulemaking will not be complete until the summer of 2004, and a decision is not expected prior to the fall of 2004. In addition, the FCC has pending before it a Petition for Declaratory Ruling filed by AT&T which seeks a determination confirming that certain VoIP services are not subject to regulation as telecommunications services. A decision in that proceeding may be forthcoming as early as first quarter 2004. On December 23, 2003, Level 3 Communications LLC filed a petition requesting that the FCC forbear from enforcing the Act and its regulations to the extent they could be interpreted to permit local exchange carriers to impose access charges on certain IP-based services. The Commission is accepting comments on Level 3's petition through March 2004. These proceedings could lead to an increase in the costs of voice over IP, if providers become subject to regulation (in the absence of forbearance from the same), and may change the compensation structure for IP-enabled services. At this time, we are unable to predict the impact, if any, that additional regulatory action on this issue will have on our business.
International. Foreign regulatory frameworks affecting the Internet vary from country to country. However, as is the case in the U.S., most countries currently do not impose telecommunications licensing or other regulatory requirements on the information and other non-telecommunications services that we provide. Increased regulation of the Internet and Internet related services, or the imposition of other restrictions, could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.
In particular, the European Union has enacted several directives concerning the Internet and Internet related activities. The European Union has, for example, adopted a directive that requires Member States to impose restrictions on the collection and processing of personal data and to prevent transmission outside of Europe of personal data, which can include customer and billing information as well as human resource data, except to countries that provide adequate protection of such data. In response to the European Union directive, the U.S. negotiated with the European Union the establishment of certain "Safe Harbor" principles, effective as of November 2000, which provide U.S. companies choosing to adhere to them a presumption of adequate protection of privacy. Companies complying with the Safe Harbor principles must provide notice to users of personal data collection, provide choices to users regarding certain uses, including the transfer of information to third parties, guarantee the security and integrity of personal data collected, provide users with the ability to access, correct and delete personal information that is being stored, and provide for user enforcement and redress in the event of violation of the principles. These principles are more restrictive than other applicable U.S. laws and may impose additional cost on companies that decide to comply. Currently, the Safe Harbor principles are voluntary and are intended to be implemented through self-regulation and industry self-certification. In the future, however, the requirements embodied in the principles may
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become mandatory. To date, we have not certified that we will operate under the Safe Harbor principles.
Although we do not engage in the collection of data for purposes other than routing our services and billing for our services, the directive is broad and the European Union privacy standards are stringent. Accordingly, the potential effect on us is uncertain. In conducting our business internationally, we must comply with privacy laws directly applicable to our activities in Europe and similar privacy and data protection rules in other countries in which we do business. Any such requirements may adversely affect our ability to collect demographic and personal information from users, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to provide targeted advertisements. Although we will endeavor to meet the requirements of the European Union directive and any U.S. regulations, we cannot guarantee that adequacy of our compliance will not be subject to challenge.
As our services are made available in foreign countries, and as we facilitate sales by our customers and affiliates to end users located in foreign countries, these countries may claim that we or our customers are required to qualify to do business in the particular foreign country, that we are otherwise subject to regulation, including requirements to obtain authorization, or that we or our customers are prohibited in all cases from conducting business as currently conducted in that foreign country. Our failure to qualify as a foreign corporation in a jurisdiction in which we are required to do so or to comply with foreign laws and regulations could subject us to taxes and penalties or preclude us from, or limit our ability in, enforcing contracts in these jurisdictions, which could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.
Our customers and affiliates may also currently be, or in the future may become, subject to requirements to qualify to do business in a particular foreign country, to comply with regulations, including requirements to obtain authorization, or to cease from conducting their business as conducted in that foreign country. We cannot be certain that our customers and affiliates are currently in compliance with any of these requirements, will be able to comply with any of these requirements, or will continue in compliance with any of these requirements. The failure of our customers and affiliates to comply with these requirements could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection, nondisclosure agreements and licensing restrictions and arrangements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. We cannot assure you that these forms of protection will be effective. We have been issued United States Patent Number 5,898,780 dated April 27, 1999 for "Method and Apparatus for Authorizing Remote Internet Access," and have other U.S. patents pending. We cannot assure you that patents will issue from the pending applications or, if any patents are issued, that they will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology adequately. We have a number of trademarks and trademark applications and use copyright and trade secret protection to protect our software and other original works.
We enter into confidentiality and proprietary information and invention agreements with our customers, employees and consultants, and control access to and distribution of our software, documentation and other proprietary information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy, reverse engineer or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology or otherwise appropriate our proprietary network information. Monitoring unauthorized use of our products is difficult, and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our technology. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as the laws of the United States, and many United States companies have
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encountered substantial infringement problems in these countries, some of which are countries in which we operate.
From time to time, third parties may assert patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property claims or initiate litigation against us or our licensors or customers with respect to existing or future products or services. We have not conducted an exhaustive search of patents issued to others. Customers, competitors and other third parties may have received or may in the future receive, patents or obtain additional intellectual property rights relating to our products or services or processes that we use or intend to use. If these third-party patents or other proprietary rights are issued or asserted by third parties, the holders may bring infringement claims against us. Furthermore, former employers of our employees may assert that our employees have improperly disclosed confidential or proprietary information to us. We may in the future initiate claims or litigation against third parties for infringement of our proprietary rights or to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights and the rights of others. Any of these claims may be time-consuming, may result in costly litigation, may divert technical and management personnel, or may require us to develop non-infringing technology, which may be costly and time consuming. Alternatively, others may claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, and we may be required to obtain a license or royalty agreement from those parties claiming the infringement. We cannot assure you that any license or royalty agreement would be available. The terms of any license or royalty agreement that is available may be very unfavorable to us. In addition, an adverse ruling could result in substantial damages or an injunction requiring that we cease development and withdraw some products and services from the marketplace. Limitations on our ability to market our products and services, and delays and costs associated with monetary damages and redesigns in compliance with an adverse judgment or settlement, could seriously harm our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
Trademarks
GRIC, "Technology that brings intelligence to the Internet" and Axcelerant are our registered trademarks. "Empowering the Mobile Office", Global Reach Internet Connection, GRIC AAS, GRIC AADR, GRIC Alliance, GRIC Alliance Network, GRIC ARS, GRIC Convergent Services Platform, GRIC CSP, GRIC Dashboard, GRICdial, GRIC Expense and Time, GRIC Meeting, GRIC Member logo, GRIC Mobile Office, GRIC MobileOffice, GRIC MobileOffice Enterprise Access, GRIC MobileOffice Enterprise Productivity, GRIC MobileOffice Broadband Plus, GRIC NetAccess, GRIC NetAuditor, GRIC NetManager, GRICphone, GRICprepaid, GRIC QMS, GRIC Remote End Point Security Service, GRIC SecureAccess, GRIC SFA, GRICtalk, GRIC TierOne Network, GRICtraveler, Gttrend, Roaming Streamer, and "Multiple Internet services. One global solution." are our trademarks.
Employees
As of February 29, 2004, we had 261 full-time employees. Our future performance depends, in significant part, on our ability to retain existing personnel in key areas such as engineering, technical support, sales and senior management. None of our employees is subject to a collective bargaining agreement, nor have we experienced work stoppage. We consider our relationships with our employees to be good.
International
For financial information regarding geographic operations, see note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
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Available Information
We make available free of charge on or through our Internet address located at www.gric.com our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file that material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Materials we file with the SEC may be read and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549. This information may also be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. We will provide a copy of any of the foregoing documents to stockholders upon request.
We occupy approximately 31,000 square feet of space in Milpitas, California under a lease that expires in February 2008 and approximately 32,000 square feet of space in Irvine, California under a lease that expires in March 2005. We lease sales and support offices in New York, Virginia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and the United Kingdom and we lease a research and development office in India. In the event that existing facilities are not adequate for our needs, we anticipate that additional facilities will be available on commercially reasonable terms.
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Our management does not expect that the results in any of these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
In July and August 2001, we and certain of our officers were named as defendants in five purported securities class action lawsuits filed in the United States District Court, Southern District of New York, captioned as In re GRIC Communications, Inc. Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, No. 01 Civ 6771 (SAS), and consolidated with more than three hundred substantially identical proceedings as In re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, Master File No. 21 MC 92 (SAS). The Consolidated Amended Class Action Complaint for Violation of the Federal Securities Laws ("Consolidated Complaint") was filed on or about April 19, 2002, and alleges claims against certain of our officers and against CIBC World Markets Corp., Prudential Securities Incorporated, DB Alex. Brown, as successor to Deutsche Bank, and U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc., underwriters of our December 14, 1999 initial public offering ("underwriter defendants"), under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and under Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Citing several press articles, the Consolidated Complaint alleges that the underwriter defendants used improper methods in allocating shares in initial public offerings, and claims the underwriter defendants entered into improper commission agreements regarding aftermarket trading in our common stock purportedly issued pursuant to the registration statement for the initial public offering. The Consolidated Complaint also alleges market manipulation claims against the underwriter defendants based on the activities of their respective analysts, who were allegedly compromised by conflicts of interest. The plaintiffs in the Consolidated Complaint seek damages as measured under Section 11 and Section 10(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, and reasonable attorneys' and expert witnesses' fees and other costs; no specific amount is claimed in the plaintiffs' prayer in the Consolidated Complaint. By Order of the Court, no responsive pleading is yet due, although motions to dismiss on global issues affecting all of the issuers have been filed.
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In October 2002, certain of our officers and directors who had been named as defendants in the In re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation were dismissed without prejudice upon order of the presiding judge. In February 2003, the presiding judge dismissed the Section 10(b) claims against us and our named officers and directors with prejudice.
From September 2002 through June 2003, we participated in settlement negotiations with a committee of issuers' litigation counsel, plaintiffs' executive committee and representatives of various insurance companies (the "Insurers"). Our Insurers were actively involved in the settlement negotiations, and strongly supported a settlement proposal presented to us for consideration in early June 2003. The settlement proposed by the plaintiffs would be paid for by the Insurers and would dispose of all remaining claims against us.
After careful consideration, we decided to approve the settlement proposal in July 2003. Although we believe that plaintiffs' claims are without merit, we have decided to accept the settlement proposal (which does not admit wrongdoing) to avoid the cost and distraction of continued litigation. Because the settlement will be funded entirely by our Insurers, we do not believe that the settlement will have any effect on our financial condition, results or operations or cash flows.
We believe that the settlement will be presented to the Court for approval in the summer or fall of 2004. There can be no guarantee that the settlement will be judicially approved.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
A special meeting of GRIC's stockholders was held on November 25, 2003. The number of shares of GRIC common stock issued, outstanding and eligible to vote as of the record date of October 21, 2003 was 26,739,314. A total of 17,154,534 shares of common stock, or 64% of the eligible voting shares, were present at the meeting in person or by proxy. The number of shares of GRIC Series A preferred stock issued, outstanding and eligible to vote as of the record date of October 21, 2003 was 4,119,296. All shares of Series A preferred stock were present at the meeting in person or by proxy.
The stockholders approved the issuance and reservation for issuance of up to 9,833,329 shares of GRIC common stock to Axcelerant, Inc. stockholders and optionholders pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated as of August 12, 2003, by and among GRIC, Axcelerant and Amber Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of GRIC. The stockholders also approved an amendment to GRIC's Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, to increase the authorized number of shares of common stock of GRIC from 50,000,000 shares, $0.001 par value per share, to 100,000,000 shares, $0.001 par value per share.
The following table sets forth the results of this meeting:
| |
Votes For |
Votes Against |
Votes Abstained |
Votes Withheld |
Broker Non-Votes |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Proposal to approve the issuance and reservation for issuance of up to 9,833,329 shares of GRIC common stock to stockholders and optionholders in connection with the acquisition of Axcelerant, Inc. | |||||||||||
Common Stock |
16,237,502 |
853,126 |
63,906 |
|
|
||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock | 4,119,296 | | | | | ||||||
2. Proposal to increase the authorized number of shares of GRIC common stock |
|||||||||||
Common Stock |
15,593,001 |
1,424,264 |
137,269 |
|
|
||||||
| Series A Preferred Stock | 4,119,296 | | | | | ||||||
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On December 1, 2003, GRIC announced that it had completed the acquisition of Axcelerant (the "Acquisition"). As a result of the Acquisition, holders of Axcelerant common stock, Series A preferred stock and Series B preferred stock received 0.4436 shares, 0.4436 shares and 0.5766 shares of GRIC common stock, respectively, for each corresponding share of Axcelerant stock that they owned, or a total of approximately 9.2 million shares of GRIC common stock for all outstanding shares of Axcelerant capital stock. GRIC also assumed all outstanding Axcelerant stock options, and reserved an aggregate of approximately 597,000 shares of GRIC common stock for issuance upon exercise of these options. The Acquisition is intended to qualify as a tax-free reorganization under Section 368 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Market Information
The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "GRIC." The following table sets forth the range of the high and low sales prices by quarter as reported on the Nasdaq National Market for the two most recent fiscal years.
| |
High |
Low |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002: | ||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 3.20 | $ | 1.20 | ||
| Second Quarter | $ | 2.67 | $ | 1.24 | ||
| Third Quarter | $ | 1.76 | $ | 1.16 | ||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 3.84 | $ | 1.14 | ||
2003: |
||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 3.30 | $ | 1.47 | ||
| Second Quarter | $ | 5.15 | $ | 2.08 | ||
| Third Quarter | $ | 8.69 | $ | 3.67 | ||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 8.15 | $ | 4.90 | ||
On December 31, 2003, there were approximately 144 record holders of the Company's common stock.
Dividends
The Company has never paid cash dividends on its common stock. The Company intends to retain its earnings for use in its business and, therefore, does not anticipate paying any cash dividends on the common stock.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
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Statements of Operations Data
| |
Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
| |
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |
|||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 9,621 | $ | 29,479 | $ | 23,694 | $ | 34,681 | $ | 41,207 | ||||||||
| Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | 7,098 | 25,159 | 13,194 | 15,220 | 17,455 | |||||||||||||
| Network and operations | 3,054 | 7,615 | 6,180 | 4,392 | 4,029 | |||||||||||||
| Research and development | 8,128 | 10,928 | 5,342 | 2,802 | 2,513 | |||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 8,682 | 13,069 | 14,260 | 11,954 | 14,163 | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 4,967 | 8,065 | 8,627 | 4,996 | 4,790 | |||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | | | | | 133 | |||||||||||||
| Amortization of stock-based compensation(1) | 300 | 427 | 427 | 168 | 95 | |||||||||||||
| Other expense reversals | (925 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring charge (recovery) | | | 7,773 | 369 | (79 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total costs and expenses | 31,304 | 65,263 | 55,803 | 39,901 | 43,099 | |||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (21,683 | ) | (35,784 | ) | (32,109 | ) | (5,220 | ) | (1,892 | ) | ||||||||
| Interest income and other, net | 519 | 3,668 | 779 | 298 | 87 | |||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (1,332 | ) | (177 | ) | (129 | ) | (60 | ) | | |||||||||
| Operating loss before income taxes | (22,496 | ) | ||||||||||||||||