SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2002
OR
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 1-11961
CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
76-0423828 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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1900 Saint James Place, 4th Floor, Houston, TX (Address of principal executive offices) |
77056 (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (713) 332-8400
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
| Common Stock, $.01 Par Value (Title Of Class) |
New York Stock Exchange (Name of Exchange on which registered) |
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
The number of shares of the Registrant's Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding as of August 7, 2002 was 16,978,815.
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| PART IFINANCIAL INFORMATION | |||||
Item 1. Financial Statements |
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Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2001 and June 30, 2002 |
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Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months ended June 30, 2001 and 2002 and Six Months ended June 30, 2001 and 2002 |
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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Six Months ended June 30, 2001 and 2002 |
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months ended June 30, 2001 and 2002 |
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Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risk |
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PART IIOTHER INFORMATION |
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Item 1. Legal Proceedings |
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Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds |
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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
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Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
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Item 5. Other Information |
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Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K |
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Signatures |
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
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December 31, 2001 |
June 30, 2002 |
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(unaudited) |
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| ASSETS | ||||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,744 | $ | 2,590 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||||
| Trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,515 in 2001 and $3,475 in 2002 | 15,660 | 14,669 | ||||||||
| Other | 773 | 756 | ||||||||
| 16,433 | 15,425 | |||||||||
| Assets held for sale, net | 2,287 | 3,297 | ||||||||
| Inventories and other current assets | 6,983 | 6,254 | ||||||||
| Total current assets | 28,447 | 27,566 | ||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, at cost, net of accumulated depreciation of $24,176 in 2001 and $27,261 in 2002 | 114,217 | 112,320 | ||||||||
| Cemetery property, at cost | 61,630 | 63,903 | ||||||||
| Goodwill | 160,576 | 161,672 | ||||||||
| Deferred charges and other non-current assets | 49,159 | 60,942 | ||||||||
| Preneed funeral contracts | 219,975 | 231,098 | ||||||||
| Preneed cemetery merchandise and service trust funds | 40,078 | 46,380 | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 674,082 | $ | 703,881 | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 26,965 | $ | 24,166 | ||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt and obligations under capital leases | 2,488 | 2,512 | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 29,453 | 26,678 | ||||||||
| Deferred cemetery revenue and preneed liabilities | 89,803 | 99,686 | ||||||||
| Deferred preneed funeral contracts revenue | 229,380 | 240,231 | ||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of current portion | 148,508 | 146,752 | ||||||||
| Obligations under capital leases, net of current portion | 5,093 | 5,069 | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | 502,237 | 518,416 | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||||
| Minority interest in consolidated subsidiary | 209 | 400 | ||||||||
| Company-obligated mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred securities of Carriage Services Capital Trust | 90,058 | 90,125 | ||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||||
| Common Stock, $.01 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized; 16,948,790 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2002 | | 170 | ||||||||
| Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized; 16,811,000 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2001 | 168 | | ||||||||
| Contributed capital | 189,449 | 184,517 | ||||||||
| Retained deficit | (107,193 | ) | (89,156 | ) | ||||||
| Unrealized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit | (846 | ) | (591 | ) | ||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 81,578 | 94,940 | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 674,082 | $ | 703,881 | ||||||
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited and in thousands, except per share data)
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For the three months ended June 30, |
For the six months ended June 30, |
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2001 |
2002 |
2001 |
2002 |
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| Revenues, net | ||||||||||||||
| Funeral | $ | 31,148 | $ | 28,832 | $ | 66,035 | $ | 61,539 | ||||||
| Cemetery | 9,873 | 9,018 | 18,851 | 17,233 | ||||||||||
| 41,021 | 37,850 | 84,886 | 78,772 | |||||||||||
| Costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||
| Funeral | 23,811 | 21,544 | 48,657 | 42,568 | ||||||||||
| Cemetery | 7,448 | 6,618 | 14,326 | 13,132 | ||||||||||
| 31,259 | 28,162 | 62,983 | 55,700 | |||||||||||
| Gross profit | 9,762 | 9,688 | 21,903 | 23,072 | ||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 2,179 | 2,329 | 4,229 | 4,856 | ||||||||||
| Operating income | 7,583 | 7,359 | 17,674 | 18,216 | ||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 3,286 | 3,246 | 6,989 | 6,349 | ||||||||||
| Financing costs of company-obligated mandatory redeemable convertible preferred securities of Carriage Services Capital Trust | 1,641 | 1,674 | 3,282 | 3,348 | ||||||||||
| Total interest and financing costs | 4,927 | 4,920 | 10,271 | 9,697 | ||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 2,656 | 2,439 | 7,403 | 8,519 | ||||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 531 | 962 | 1,481 | (9,518 | ) | |||||||||
| Net income | 2,125 | 1,477 | 5,922 | 18,037 | ||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | 12 | | 32 | | ||||||||||
| Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 2,113 | $ | 1,477 | $ | 5,890 | $ | 18,037 | ||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 1.07 | ||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.34 | $ | 1.03 | ||||||
| Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||
| Basic | 16,592 | 16,942 | 16,549 | 16,918 | ||||||||||
| Diluted | 17,651 | 17,458 | 17,525 | 17,458 | ||||||||||
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited and in thousands)
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For the six months ended June 30, |
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2001 |
2002 |
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| Net income | $ | 5,922 | $ | 18,037 | |||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||
| Cumulative effect on prior years of the change in accounting principle, net of income tax benefit of $1 | 1 | | |||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps arising during period | (633 | ) | 153 | ||||||
| Amortization of accumulated unrealized loss | | 166 | |||||||
| Related income tax (provision) benefit | 127 | (64 | ) | ||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (505 | ) | $ | 255 | ||||
| Comprehensive income | $ | 5,417 | $ | 18,292 | |||||
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited and in thousands)
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For the six months Ended June 30, |
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2001 |
2002 |
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| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 5,922 | $ | 18,037 | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||
| Depreciation | 3,152 | 3,264 | ||||||||
| Amortization | 5,448 | 2,065 | ||||||||
| Provision for losses on accounts receivable | 1,612 | 765 | ||||||||
| Deferred income taxes (benefit) | 2,495 | (9,957 | ) | |||||||
| Other | | 120 | ||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions and dispositions: | ||||||||||
| Decrease in accounts receivable | 3,007 | 2,060 | ||||||||
| Decrease in inventories and other current assets | 1,767 | 593 | ||||||||
| (Increase) in deferred charges and other | (141 | ) | (201 | ) | ||||||
| (Increase) in preneed funeral and cemetery costs | (2,155 | ) | (1,844 | ) | ||||||
| (Increase) in preneed cemetery trust funds | (4,931 | ) | (1,325 | ) | ||||||
| (Decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (1,609 | ) | (2,992 | ) | ||||||
| Income tax (payments) refunds, net | | (71 | ) | |||||||
| Increase in deferred revenue and preneed liabilities | 1,949 | 1,539 | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 16,516 | 12,053 | ||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||
| Net proceeds from sales of businesses and other assets | 7,109 | 107 | ||||||||
| Sale of minority interest in subsidiary | 200 | 200 | ||||||||
| Acquisitions | (212 | ) | (2,159 | ) | ||||||
| Capital expenditures | (3,050 | ) | (3,483 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 4,047 | (5,335 | ) | |||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||
| Proceeds (payments) under bank line of credit | (6,000 | ) | 2,300 | |||||||
| Payments on long-term debt and obligations under capital leases | (10,450 | ) | (4,202 | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 119 | 319 | ||||||||
| Payment of contingent stock price guarantees | (4,935 | ) | (5,289 | ) | ||||||
| Payment of preferred stock dividends | (32 | ) | | |||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (21,298 | ) | (6,872 | ) | ||||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (735 | ) | (154 | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 3,210 | 2,744 | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 2,475 | $ | 2,590 | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | ||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest and financing costs | $ | 9,012 | $ | 9,476 | ||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 26 | $ | 198 | ||||||
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CARRIAGE SERVICES, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Carriage Services, Inc., (the "Company") is a leading provider of products and services in the death care industry in the United States. As of June 30, 2002, the Company owned and operated 149 funeral homes and 30 cemeteries in 29 states.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The information for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2001 and 2002 is unaudited, but in the opinion of management, reflects all adjustments which are of a normal, recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and results of operations for the interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual financial statements, have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules of the SEC. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared consistent with the accounting policies described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, and should be read in conjunction therewith. Certain amounts in the December 31, 2001 consolidated balance sheet have been classified differently than in the consolidated balance sheet included in our annual report on Form 10-K and on the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002. Additionally, preneed funeral and cemetery costs have been reclassified from investing activities to operating activities in the June 30, 2001 consolidated statement of cash flows to conform to current year presentation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. ACCOUNTING CHANGES
In June 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations" and SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets". SFAS No. 141 addresses financial accounting and reporting for goodwill and other intangible assets acquired in a business combination at acquisition. SFAS No. 142 addresses how intangible assets that are acquired individually or with a group of other assets (but not those acquired in a business combination) should be accounted for in financial statements upon their acquisition. This Statement also addresses how goodwill and other intangible assets should be accounted for after they have been initially recognized in the financial statements.
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The provisions of SFAS No. 141 apply to all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001. The provisions also apply to all business combinations accounted for using the purchase method for which the date of acquisition is July 1, 2001 or later. The adoption of SFAS No. 141 by the Company had no effect on its consolidated financial statements.
The provisions of SFAS No. 142 are required to be applied starting with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. The Company adopted SFAS No. 142 as of the beginning of the first quarter of 2002. The effect of SFAS No. 142 on the Company is the elimination of the amortization of goodwill, which prior to 2002 was amortized over 40 years, and the testing for impairment of goodwill on an annual basis. Had the adoption of SFAS No. 142 occurred at the beginning of the previous year, the results would have been as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
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For the three months ended June 30, 2001 |
For the six months ended June 30, 2001 |
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| Net income before taxes | $ | 3,750 | $ | 9,669 | ||
| Net income | 3,000 | 7,735 | ||||
Diluted earnings per share |
$ |
0.17 |
$ |
0.44 |
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See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for proforma disclosure of this accounting change which additionally incorporates the impact of the change in the tax rate discussed in Note 4 on the reported results for 2001. The Company performed a review of goodwill as of January 1, 2002 by comparing the fair value of the Company's reporting units (funeral home business by region) to the carrying value of the reporting units, and no impairment was recorded at the implementation date of the new accounting standard. Goodwill acquired during the six months ended June 30, 2002, included $1.0 million for performance-based contingent consideration payments on a prior year acquisition and $0.9 million for a funeral home acquisition in the second quarter of 2002.
In August 2001 the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets". SFAS No. 144 addresses financial accounting and reporting of long-lived assets, other than goodwill, that are to be disposed by sale or otherwise, and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. The Company adopted SFAS No. 144 as of the beginning of the first quarter of 2002 which had no effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations.
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3. MAJOR SEGMENTS OF BUSINESS
Carriage conducts funeral and cemetery operations only in the United States. The following table presents external revenue, net income and total assets by segment (in thousands):
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Funeral |
Cemetery |
Corporate(1) |
Consolidated |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| External revenues: | |||||||||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2002 | $ | 61,539 | $ | 17,233 | | $ | 78,722 | ||||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2001 | 66,035 | 18,851 | | 84,886 | |||||||||
Net income |
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| Six months ended June 30, 2002 | $ | 11,502 | $ | 2,495 | $ | 4,040 | $ | 18,037 | |||||
| Six months ended June 30, 2001 | 5,980 | 1,795 | (1,853 | ) | 5,922 | ||||||||
Total assets: |
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| June 30, 2002 | $ | 523,877 | $ | 163,773 | $ | 16,231 | $ | 703,881 | |||||
| December 31, 2001 | 517,889 | 152,639 | 3,554 | 674,082 | |||||||||
4. INCOME TAXES
For 2001, the Company had an effective financial statement tax rate of 20 percent, reflecting the benefit of previously unrecognized tax losses from prior periods related to the Fresh Start restructuring program. When the Company incurred the Fresh Start restructuring costs and write-downs in late 2000 and proceeded to dispose of low performing businesses, it could not be assured that it would generate enough future taxable income to utilize the sizeable tax benefits created by the tax losses on asset sales. To acknowledge this uncertainty at the time, the Company recorded a "valuation allowance" to offset these tax benefits until such time that it could be determined that the Company would be able to deduct them. Based on the positive operating results subsequent to 2000 and management's forecast of future positive operating results, management determined in the first quarter of 2002 that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to utilize substantially all of these previously unrecognized tax benefits. Accordingly, in the first quarter of 2002 the Company recorded a special one-time tax benefit in the amount of $12.8 million, equal to $0.73 per diluted share, which eliminated substantially all of the valuation allowance. The Company estimates that its effective tax rate will be 38.5 percent for financial statement purposes in 2002. Had the Company also used the 38.5 percent tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2001, net income for that period, excluding the effect of the change in accounting for goodwill amortization discussed in Note 2, would have been lower by $1,370,000 or $0.08 per diluted share.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
Carriage is a leading provider of death care services and products in the United States. Our historical focus has been on operational enhancements at facilities currently owned to increase revenues and gross profit, as well as growth through acquisitions (although this activity was curtailed significantly beginning in 1999). That focus has resulted in high standards of service, operational performance, and an infrastructure containing measurement and management systems. In 2000, the operating strategy was dramatically shifted to focus upon increasing operating cash flow. In November 2000, we launched a multi-faceted, restructuring program, called "Fresh-Start", which was designed to increase financial and operating performance, improve cash flow, reduce debt, and assist Carriage in fulfilling our mission of being the highest quality funeral and cemetery service organization in the industry. Beginning with the fourth quarter of 2000, we have been focused on executing elements of Fresh Start.
The goals of Fresh Start were and remain restoring credibility to our operating and consolidation model, increasing and better aligning our earnings and cash flow, restoring market credibility to our balance sheet, reducing our debt, and re-accessing the capital markets.
The principal elements of Fresh Start include downsizing our corporate organization; changing our operating leadership; changing our preneed funeral organizational strategy; stratifying by performance our funeral and cemetery portfolios; implementing action plans to improve underperforming businesses; disposing of some underperforming businesses; adjusting the carrying basis of other underperforming businesses; and modifying financial covenants with lenders to facilitate execution of Fresh Start. Most of the elements of Fresh Start have been accomplished and we are seeing the benefits of these actions in our operating results.
Net income totaled $18.0 million in the first six months of 2002, or $1.03 per diluted share. Excluding a $12.8 million, or $0.73 per share special tax benefit, net income was $5.2 million, or $0.30 per diluted share. Two significant accounting events occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2002: the elimination of goodwill amortization in connection with the implementation of SFAS No.142, which totaled $2.3 million in the first six months of 2001, and the change in the Company's tax rate from 20 percent to 38.5 percent. Had those two events occurred at the beginning of 2001, net income and diluted earnings per share would have totaled $5.9 million and $0.34, respectively, for the first six months of 2001.
The full year impact to diluted earnings per share, by quarter, for 2001 of these two events would have been as follows:
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Diluted Earnings per Share |
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1st Quarter |
2nd Quarter |
3rd Quarter |
4th Quarter |
Full Year |
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| 2001 results as previously reported | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.51 | ||||||
| Adjustment of tax rate from 20% to 38.5% | (0.05 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.12 | ) | ||||||
| Proforma elimination of goodwill amortization | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.16 | |||||||||||
| Adjusted 2001 | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.15 | $ | 0.55 | ||||||
Income from operations, which we define as earnings before interest and income taxes, increased as a percentage of net revenues, from 18.5% for the second quarter of 2001 to 19.4% for the second quarter of 2002 and from 20.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2001 to 23.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2002. This improvement was primarily due to the elimination of amortization for goodwill beginning January 1, 2002. Revenues from funeral homes decreased 7.4% and revenues from cemeteries decreased 8.7% in the second quarter of 2002 compared to the same period in 2001 as a
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result of the sale or closing of 24 funeral homes and eight cemeteries during 2001, a decline in same-store revenues period to period, lower preneed insurance commission revenue and lower cemetery preneed property sales. Gross margins for the funeral homes increased from 23.6% in the second quarter of 2001 to 25.3% in the second quarter of 2002. As a percentage of cemetery net revenues, cemetery gross margin was 26.6% in the second quarter of 2002 compared to 24.6% in the second quarter of 2001.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements presented herewith, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 to the consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Funeral and Cemetery Operations
We record the sales of funeral merchandise and services upon performance of the funeral service. Sales of cemetery interment rights are recorded as revenue in accordance with the retail land sales provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No 66, "Accounting for Sales of Real Estate". This method provides for the recognition of revenue in the period in which the customer's cumulative payments exceed 10% of the contract price related to the real estate. Costs related to the sales of interment rights, which include property and other costs related to cemetery development activities, are charged to operations using the specific identification method in the period in which the sale of the interment right is recognized as revenue. Revenue from the sales of cemetery merchandise and services are recognized in the period in which the merchandise is delivered or the service is performed. Revenues to be recognized from the delivery of merchandise and performance of services related to contracts that were acquired in acquisitions are typically lower than those originated by the Company and are likely to exceed the cash collected from the contract and received from the trust at maturity.
Allowances for customer cancellations, refunds and bad debts are provided at the date of sale based on our historical experience. In addition, we monitor changes in delinquency rates and provide additional bad debt and cancellation reserves when warranted. When preneed funeral services and merchandise are funded through third-party insurance policies, we earn a commission on the sale of the policies. Insurance commissions are recognized as revenues at the point at which the commission is no longer subject to refund, which is typically one year after the policy is issued.
Preneed Funeral Contracts & Deferred Preneed Funeral Contracts Revenue
Preneed funeral sales are affected by deposits to a trust or purchase of a third-party insurance product. Unperformed guaranteed preneed funeral contracts are included in the consolidated balance sheets as preneed funeral contracts. The balance in this asset account represents amounts due from customer receivables and third-party insurance companies, and the amounts deposited with the trustee and the accumulated earnings on these deposits. A corresponding credit is recorded to deferred preneed funeral contracts revenue. The funeral revenue is not recorded until the service is performed. The trust income earned and the increases in insurance benefits on the insurance products are also deferred until the service is performed, in order to offset inflation in cost to provide the service in the future.
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Deferred Obtaining Costs
Deferred obtaining costs consist of sales commissions and other direct related costs of originating preneed sales contracts. These costs are deferred and amortized into funeral and cemetery costs and expenses over the expected timing of the performance of the services or delivery of the merchandise covered by the preneed contracts. Effective October 1, 2001, we changed the pattern of the periods over which the costs are recognized to more closely track actuarial statistics, provided by a third party administrator, based on the actual contracts we hold. The effect of this change was to reduce expense in the fourth quarter of 2001 by approximately $0.5 million from that which would have been recorded using the prior methodology.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired, as determined by management in transactions accounted for as purchases, is recorded as goodwill. Many of the acquired funeral homes have provided high quality service to families for generations. The resulting loyalty often represents a substantial portion of the value of a funeral business. Goodwill is typically not associated with or recorded for the cemetery businesses. In accordance with SAFS No. 142, we review the carrying value of goodwill at least annually on a regional basis to determine if facts and circumstances exist which would suggest that this intangible asset might be carried in excess of fair value. Fair value is determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows of the businesses in each region at the Company's weighted average cost of capital less debt allocable to the region. The calculation of fair value can vary dramatically with changes in estimates of the number of future services performed, inflation in costs and the Company's cost of capital. If impairment is indicated, then an ad