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INDEX
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2001.
Commission file number 333-41239
DUANE READE INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
04-3164702 (IRS Employer Identification Number) |
| DRI I Inc.* | Delaware | 04-3166107 | ||
| Duane Reade* | New York | 11-2731721 | ||
| Duane Reade Realty, Inc* | Delaware | 13-4074383 | ||
| Duane Reade International, Inc.* | Delaware | 22-3672347 |
* Guarantors with respect to the Company's 91/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2008
| 440 Ninth Avenue New York, New York (Address of principal executive offices) |
10001 (Zip Code) |
(212) 273-5700
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
|
| Common Stock, $.01 par value per share 91/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2008 |
New York Stock Exchange, Inc. None. |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
The only class of voting securities of Duane Reade Inc. is its Common Stock, par value $.01 per share (the "Common Stock"). On March 15, 2002, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $656 million.
The number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding as of March 15, 2002: 23,806,237
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
| Document |
Part of Form 10-K |
|
|---|---|---|
| Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 13, 2002 |
Part III |
Certain exhibits as listed on the Exhibit Index and filed with registrant's registration statements on Form S-1 (Nos. 333-41239 and 333-43313) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are incorporated by reference into Part IV of this Form 10-K.
| |
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|---|---|---|
| PART I | ||
| ITEM 1. | Business | |
| ITEM 2. | Properties | |
| ITEM 3. | Legal Proceedings | |
| ITEM 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | |
PART II |
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| ITEM 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters | |
| ITEM 6. | Selected Financial Data | |
| ITEM 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | |
| ITEM 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Discussions About Market Risk | |
| ITEM 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | |
| ITEM 9. | Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | |
PART III |
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| ITEM 10. | Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant | |
| ITEM 11. | Executive Compensation | |
| ITEM 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management | |
| ITEM 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | |
PART IV |
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| ITEM 14. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K | |
SIGNATURES |
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
We are the largest drugstore chain in New York City, which is the largest drugstore market in the United States in terms of sales volume. As of December 29, 2001, we operated 113 of our 200 stores in Manhattan's high-traffic business and residential districts. We operate approximately three times as many stores in Manhattan as our next largest competitor. In addition, at December 29, 2001, we had a total of 87 stores in New York's outer boroughs and in densely populated New York suburbs. Since opening our first store in 1960, we have successfully executed a marketing and operating strategy tailored to the unique characteristics of New York City, the most densely populated major market in the United States. According to data published in Drug Store News, we were the leading U.S. drugstore chain in 2000 in terms of sales per square foot, at over $800. In 2001, we believe that we led the New York City market in sales of both pharmacy and front-end product categories. Sales of higher margin front-end items accounted for 60.8% of our total sales in fiscal 2001, the highest of any major conventional drugstore chain in the United States.
For the 52 week fiscal year ended December 29, 2001, we had sales of $1.14 billion and net income of $24.7 million, compared to sales of $1.00 billion and net income of $22.7 million in the 53 week 2000 fiscal year. Compared to fiscal 2000, fiscal 2001 sales and net income increased by 14.3% and 9.1% respectively.
We enjoy strong brand name recognition in metropolitan New York, which we believe results from our many locations in high-traffic areas of New York City and the 80 million shopping bags with the distinctive Duane Reade logo that we distributed in 2001. According to surveys conducted in 2000, approximately 95% of the people who live in Manhattan have shopped at a Duane Reade store.
We have developed an operating strategy designed to capitalize on metropolitan New York's unique characteristics, which include high-traffic volume, complex distribution logistics and high costs of occupancy, advertising and personnel. The key elements of our operating strategy are:
We believe that our everyday low price format and broad product offerings provide a convenient and value-oriented shopping experience for our customers and help to build customer loyalty. Our everyday low price format results in prices that we believe are lower, on average, than the prices offered by our competitors.
Despite the high costs of operating in metropolitan New York, we have successfully achieved low operating cost margins due, in part, to high per store sales volume and relatively low warehouse, distribution and advertising costs. Our high volume stores allow us to effectively leverage occupancy costs, payroll and other store expenses. In addition, in 2000 we completed the development and chain-wide implementation of a new computer assisted ordering system. The system is designed not only to help minimize out-of-stock situations, but also to allow us to set the required inventory levels for every item at every store according to historic sales patterns. We believe this permits a lower overall investment in inventory while further improving our in-stock conditions. Our 475,000 square foot distribution facility is centrally located in Maspeth, Queens, New York City. The facility is located within ten miles of approximately 90% of our stores, and none of our retail locations are more than 50 miles from this facility. We believe that this centrally efficient location results in lower warehouse and distribution costs as a percentage of sales.
We have demonstrated our ability to successfully operate stores using a wide variety of store configurations and sizes. Rather than confine our stores to a single, standardized format, we
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successfully adapt our store design to a variety of sizes and configurations. We believe this strategy provides us with a competitive advantage, as many of our competitors target more standardized spaces, which are difficult to find in metropolitan New York. For example, our store sizes range from 1,600 to 14,700 square feet, and we operate 39 bi-level stores. Our guiding principle in store selection has not been the shape of the space, but rather its strategic location in high-traffic areas in order to provide greater convenience to our customers. In addition, our management team has extensive experience with, and knowledge of, the metropolitan New York real estate market, allowing us to pursue attractive real estate opportunities.
As of December 29, 2001, we operated 200 stores, 31 of which were opened during fiscal 2001. During fiscal 2000 and 1999, we opened 24 stores and 21 stores, respectively. We closed one store in 2001 and lost two other stores as a result of the September 11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. We closed one store in fiscal 2000 and one store in fiscal 1999. Among the 28 net stores we opened during fiscal 2001, 11 were in Manhattan, 11 were in the outer boroughs of the city and six were in densely populated, nearby suburbs. As of December 29, 2001, approximately 57% of our stores were in Manhattan, 30% were in the outer boroughs and 13% were located outside New York City. At December 29, 2001, we occupied 1,433,825 square feet of retail space, approximately 16% more than in fiscal 2000 and 45% more than at the end of fiscal 1998.
We were founded in 1960, and we have been a public company since February 1998. At March 15, 2002, investment funds affiliated with DLJ Merchant Banking Partners II, L.P. (the "DLJ Entities") owned approximately 17.0% of our issued and outstanding common stock.
In November 2000, the ultimate parent of the DLJ Entities, DLJ Inc., was acquired by an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Credit Suisse Group, and on February 1, 2001, Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corporation, an affiliate of the DLJ Entities and the market maker for our 91/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2008, changed its name to Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation.
COMPANY OPERATIONS
Merchandising: Our overall merchandising strategy is to provide the broadest selection of branded and private label drugstore products available in metropolitan New York and to sell them at everyday low prices. To further enhance customer service and loyalty, we attempt to maintain a consistent in-stock position in all merchandise categories. In addition to prescription and over-the-counter drugs, we offer brand name and private label health and beauty care products, food and beverage items, tobacco products, cosmetics, housewares, hosiery, greeting cards, photofinishing services, photo supplies, seasonal merchandise and other products. Health and beauty care products, including over-the-counter drugs, represent our highest volume product categories. We allocate ample shelf space to popular brands of health and beauty care products. We also offer large sizes, which we believe appeal to the value consciousness of many New York consumers. We place convenience items, such as candy, snacks and seasonal goods, near the check out registers to provide all customers with optimum convenience and to stimulate impulse purchases, while allowing the store employees to monitor those product categories that are particularly susceptible to inventory shrink.
In addition to a wide array of brand products, we also offer our own private label products. Private label products provide customers with high-quality, lower priced alternatives to brand name products, while generating higher gross profit margins than brand name products. These offerings also enhance our reputation as a value-oriented retailer. We currently offer in excess of 700 private label products, which, in fiscal 2001, accounted for approximately 6.1% of non-pharmacy sales. We believe that our strong brand image, reputation for quality and reliability in the New York City market, and our economies of scale in purchasing allow us to aggressively promote private label goods.
We also offer next-day photofinishing services in all of our stores, and we have installed one-hour photofinishing in 33 stores. We believe that photofinishing services contribute significantly to sales of other merchandise categories because of the customer traffic increases that result from the customer visiting a store twice, in order to drop off film and pick up the processed photos.
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We compliment our product offerings with additional customer services such as ATM machines, sales of lottery tickets and electronic benefits transfers using debit cards. We believe these services enhance our convenience image and promote stronger customer loyalty.
Pharmacy: We believe that our pharmacy business will continue to contribute significantly to our growth. We also believe that a larger pharmacy business will enhance customer loyalty and generate incremental customer traffic, which should increase sales of our wide variety of over-the-counter drugs and other non-pharmacy merchandise. Our prescription drug sales, as reflected by same store pharmacy sales, grew by 16.6% in 2001 compared to 2000. Sales of prescription drugs represented 39.2% of total sales in 2001, compared to 35.4% of total sales in 2000. The average number of prescriptions our pharmacists filled per store per week decreased slightly to 979 in 2001, as compared to 1,005 in 2000, primarily due to a larger number of new immature stores added during the year, and remains below the industry chain store average of approximately 1,250, providing significant opportunity for continued pharmacy growth. We believe that the average number of prescriptions filled per week lags behind the industry average because of historically low penetration of third party plans in the New York City area and our concentration of stores in business, rather than residential areas. Additionally, the number of generic prescriptions filled represented 33.5% of total prescriptions filled in the 2001 fiscal year. Each 1% increase in generic drug substitution generates an approximate 0.25% increase in pharmacy gross profit.
We believe that our extensive network of conveniently located stores, strong local market position, pricing policies and reputation for high quality health care products and services provide a competitive advantage in attracting pharmacy business from individual customers as well as managed care organizations, insurance companies, employers and other third party payors. The percentage of our total prescription drug sales attributable to third party plans increased to approximately 86.9% in 2001 from approximately 84.0% in 2000. Gross margins on sales to third party plans are generally lower than other prescription drug sales because of the highly competitive nature of pricing for this business and the purchasing power of third party plans. We believe, however, that the higher volume of pharmacy sales to third party plan customers offsets these lower gross profit margins. We believe this allows us to leverage other fixed store operating expenses. In addition, we believe that third party plans generate additional general merchandise sales by increasing customer traffic in the stores. As of December 29, 2001, we had contracts with over 200 third party plans, including every major third party plan in our market areas. No single plan or customer accounted for 10% or more of our total chain sales.
During 1999, we launched our central fill facility, a new service initiative aimed at improving customer service at our higher volume pharmacies and the first of its kind in the drugstore industry. Our central fill facility, which receives orders via internet, phone or fax from customers and physicians, determines which prescriptions can be most efficiently filled centrally and forwards the balance to the local stores. The selected prescriptions are filled and then delivered to the appropriate store in advance of the scheduled pickup, thereby reducing waiting times during peak periods.
We believe the central fill facility has several distinct advantages. One is improved inventory management, since stores supported by the facility may reduce their on-hand quantities of higher cost, slower turning drugs. We believe this is a substantial advantage because a majority of available drugs are prescribed infrequently. The 1,000 most popular drugs sold by us account for more than 80% of all purchases, with the remaining 1,600 accounting for less than 20%. We believe it is more efficient to keep the bulk of this inventory in a central location rather than spread throughout the stores.
Dispensing accuracy can also be improved through the central fill facility because it permits the purchase of large, automated dispensing machines, which would be too expensive for individual stores. We believe the cost of filling prescriptions is reduced and customer service is enhanced because in-store pharmacy staff members have more time to handle prescriptions required on a more immediate basis, as well as to provide customer counseling. During fiscal 2000, we moved the central fill facility to a new, larger location and enhanced its telephone system. At December 29, 2001, this facility serviced 80
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of our stores and handled approximately 700 prescriptions per day, up from 24 stores and 100 daily prescriptions at December 30, 2000.
Another important component of our pharmacy growth strategy is the continued acquisition of prescription files from independent pharmacies in market areas currently served by existing Duane Reade stores. In 2001, we purchased the prescription files of 12 independent pharmacies. Independent pharmacies tend to have a higher proportion of customers that are not affiliated with third party plans, which provide incremental revenue and higher margin contribution. When appropriate, we will retain the services of the pharmacist, whose personal relationship with the customers generally maximizes the retention rate of customers associated with the purchased file. Given the large number of independent pharmacies in metropolitan New York, we believe that these stores present additional future acquisition opportunities.
All of our pharmacies are linked by computer systems that enable them to provide customers with a broad range of services. Our pharmacy computer network profiles customer medical and other relevant information, supplies customers with information concerning their drug purchases for income tax and insurance purposes and prepares prescription labels and receipts. The computer network also expedites transactions with third party plans by electronically transmitting prescription information directly to the third party plan and providing on-line adjudication. At the time of sale, on-line adjudication confirms customer eligibility, prescription coverage and pricing and co-payment requirements and automatically bills the respective plan. On-line adjudication also reduces losses from rejected claims and eliminates a portion of our paperwork for billing and collection of receivables and related costs.
Internet: In 1999, we launched an interactive website, "www.duanereade.com," which customers may use to access company information, fill prescriptions and purchase over-the-counter medications as well as health and beauty care products and other non-pharmacy items. Internet-based purchases are available for both front-end and pharmacy products and can be delivered directly to the customer or made available at the customer's store of choice for pickup. We were one of the first major drugstore chains to offer full service internet retailing to our customers. Our strategy has been to develop the website as an additional vehicle to deliver superior customer service, further supporting our strength as a "brick-and-mortar" retailer. While sales generated on the website to date have been immaterial to our business overall, we believe "www.duanereade.com" has positioned us to develop internet business in the future.
Store Operations: Our stores range in size from 1,600 to 14,700 square feet, with an average of 7,169 square feet per store. Our stores are designed to facilitate customer movement and to minimize inventory shrink. We believe that providing wide, straight aisles and well-stocked shelves allows customers to find merchandise easily and allows store managers, security guards, cashiers and stock clerks to effectively monitor customer behavior. We attempt to group merchandise logically in order to enable customers to locate items quickly and to stimulate impulse purchases.
We establish each store's hours of operation in an attempt to best serve customer traffic patterns and purchasing habits and to optimize store labor productivity. Stores in Manhattan's business districts are generally open five days a week. In residential and appropriate business/shopping districts, stores are open six or seven days a week, with a heavy emphasis on convenient, early morning openings and late evening closings. At December 29, 2001, 21 of our stores were open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. We intend to continue to identify stores at which extended operating hours would improve customer service and convenience and contribute to our profitability. Many of our stores offer delivery services as an added customer convenience. Customers can arrange for delivery by phone, fax, internet or at the store. Each store is supervised by one store manager and one or more assistant store managers. Stores are supplied by deliveries from our warehouse in Maspeth, Queens, New York City an average of three times per week, allowing the stores to maintain a high in-stock position, maximize utilization of store selling space and minimize inventory required to be held on hand.
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We attempt to mitigate inventory shrink through: (1) the employment of full time security guards, (2) the use of a state-of-the-art Electronic Article Surveillance, or EAS, system that detects unremoved EAS tags on valuable or easily concealed merchandise, and (3) the delivery and stocking of merchandise during non-peak hours. Additionally, we train all store and warehouse employees to monitor inventory shrink. We staff a full-time team of loss prevention professionals and use an anonymous call-in line to allow employees to report instances of theft. We also monitor employee behavior and conduct ongoing audits of warehouse picking and receiving. We believe that these programs improve our control over inventory shrink, which tends to be higher in the urban markets within which our stores are located.
Purchasing and Distribution: We purchase approximately 96% of our non-pharmacy merchandise directly from manufacturers. We distribute approximately 86% of our non-pharmacy merchandise through our warehouse and receive direct-to-store deliveries for approximately 14% of our non-pharmacy purchases. Direct-to-store deliveries are made primarily for greeting cards, photofinishing, convenience foods and beverages. In total, we purchase from over 1,000 vendors. We believe that there are ample sources of supply for the merchandise we currently sell, and that the loss of any one non-pharmacy supplier would not have a material effect on our business.
We manage purchasing through a combination of forward buying and vendor discount buying in ways that we believe maximize our buying power. For example, we use a computerized forecasting and investment program that is designed to determine optimal forward buying quantities before an announced or anticipated price increase has been implemented. By forward buying, we stock up on regularly carried items when manufacturers temporarily reduce the cost of goods or when a price increase has been announced or is anticipated.
We generally purchase prescription medications under long-term supply agreements. Approximately 65% of our pharmacy inventory at December 29, 2001 was shipped directly to our stores on a consignment basis.
We currently operate one warehouse, which is centrally located in Maspeth, Queens, New York City within ten miles of approximately 90% of our stores, and within 50 miles of our farthest outlying locations. The warehouse contains approximately 475,000 square feet devoted to inventory. The close proximity of the warehouse to the stores allows us to supply the stores frequently, thereby minimizing inventory and maximizing distribution economies. We also operate a fleet of trucks and vans, which we use for deliveries from the warehouse to the stores.
Advertising and Promotion: We regularly promote key items at reduced retail prices during promotional periods. We use store windows and in-store signs to communicate savings and value to shoppers. Additionally, we distributed over 80 million bags with the highly recognizable Duane Reade logo in 2001, helping to promote our name throughout metropolitan New York. We also use full color circulars to announce new stores and heavily circulate them in local areas to attract customers. We usually do not rely heavily on distributed print or broadcast media to promote our stores. Rather, because of our strong brand recognition and high-traffic locations, we typically rely on in-window displays as our primary method of advertising. We use radio advertising that focuses on our convenient locations and timely seasonal promotions.
In November 1999, we launched the Dollar Rewards Club, the first chain-wide "loyalty card" in the drugstore industry, to provide frequent shoppers with additional discounts. By the end of 1999, approximately 750,000 customers were members of this club. During fiscal 2001, membership rose to over 2.2 million and currently exceeds 2.3 million members. The average Dollar Rewards card member spends 40% more per visit than does a non-member. The loyalty card also enables us to tailor many of our promotions to the needs of these more frequent shoppers. Members of the Dollar Rewards Club may use their loyalty cards when making purchases through our website.
Management Information Systems: We currently have modern pharmacy and inventory management information systems. The pharmacy system, which is known as PDX, has reduced the
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processing time for electronic reimbursement approval for prescriptions from third party plans. We use scanning point of sale, or POS, systems in each of our stores. These systems allow better control of pricing, inventory and shrink, while maximizing the benefits derived from the other parts of our systems application development program. POS also provides sales analysis that allows for improved labor scheduling and helps optimize product shelf space allocation and design by allowing detailed analysis of stock-keeping unit sales.
During the fourth quarter of 1999, we implemented a computer-assisted merchandise replenishment system for store orders sourced through our distribution center. This system uses item-specific and store-specific sales history to produce "suggested" orders for each store, which can be accepted or modified by the stores before being released to the distribution center. The system is fully automated and improves in-stock conditions at reduced inventory levels. The system has been fully operational in our entire chain since the middle of the 2000 fiscal year.
During fiscal 2000, we introduced radio frequency hand held scanning devices to our stores. These devices communicate directly with our central processor located at our headquarters facility and permit real-time updates of adjustments to on-hand quantities in our perpetual inventory system. These devices are also used to support inventory ordering, transfers, price changes and direct store deliveries. We completed the installation of these devices during the first quarter of 2001. In 2001, we completed a full chain-wide systems test of a specific item cost based inventory tracking and valuation system that will be fully implemented during fiscal 2002. We believe this new system will provide improved controls over inventory management and shrink related losses.
Competition: Our stores compete on the basis of, among other things, convenience of location and store layout, product mix, selection, customer service and price. The New York City drugstore market is highly fragmented due to the complexities and costs of doing business in the most densely populated area of the country. The diverse labor pool, local customer needs and complex real estate market in New York City all favor regional chains and independents that are familiar with the market. We tailor our store format to meet all of these requirements, and this has proven successful in both the business and residential neighborhoods of Manhattan, as well as the outer boroughs and surrounding areas.
Our primary competition comes from approximately 700 independent pharmacies located in New York City as well as stores operated by major drug store chains including CVS, Rite Aid, Eckerd and Walgreens. We believe that we have significant competitive advantages over independent drugstores in New York City. These include purchasing economies of scale, a centrally located warehouse that minimizes store inventory and maximizes selling space, a full line of in-stock, brand name merchandise and a convenient store format. Against major drug chain competition, Duane Reade enjoys the advantages of a centrally located warehouse, a larger number of convenient locations, and greater experience operating stores in the New York metropolitan area.
Government Regulation: Our business is subject to extensive federal, state and local regulations. These regulations cover required qualifications, day to day operations, reimbursement and documentation of activities. We continuously monitor the effects of regulatory activity on our pharmacy and non-pharmacy related operations.
Licensure and Registration Laws. States generally require that companies operating a pharmacy within the state be licensed by the state board of pharmacy. We currently have pharmacy licenses for each pharmacy we operate in New York and New Jersey. In addition, our pharmacies and distribution facility are registered with state and federal authorities under statutes governing the regulation of controlled substances. Pharmacists who provide services on our behalf are required to obtain and maintain professional licenses and are subject to state regulations regarding professional standards of conduct. Each of our pharmacists located in New York are licensed by the State of New York. The State of New Jersey licenses the pharmacists employed at our stores in New Jersey.
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Medicare and Medicaid. The pharmacy business operates under regulatory and cost containment pressures from federal and state legislation primarily affecting Medicaid and, to a lesser extent, Medicare.
We receive reimbursement from government sponsored third-party plans, including Medicaid and Medicare, non-government third-party plans such as managed care organizations and also directly from individuals (i.e., private-pay). For the fiscal year ended December 29, 2001, our pharmacy payor mix, as a percentage of total pharmacy sales, was approximately 68% managed care organizations, 19% Medicaid and 13% private-pay. Pricing for private-pay patients is based on prevailing regional market rates. However, federal law and regulations contain a variety of requirements relating to the reimbursement and furnishing of prescription drugs under Medicaid. First, states are given authority, subject to applicable standards, to limit or specify conditions for the coverage of some drugs. Second, as discussed below, federal Medicaid law establishes standards for pharmacy practice, including patient counseling and drug utilization review. Third, federal regulations impose reimbursement requirements for prescription drugs furnished to Medicaid beneficiaries. Prescription drug benefits under Medicare, however, are significantly more limited than those available under Medicaid at this time. In addition to requirements required by federal law, states have substantial discretion in determining administrative, coverage, eligibility and reimbursement policies under their respective state Medicaid programs that may affect our pharmacy operations.
The Medicare and Medicaid programs are subject to statutory and regulatory changes, retroactive and prospective rate adjustments, administrative rulings, executive orders and freezes and funding restrictions, all of which may significantly impact our pharmacy operations. We cannot assure you that payments for pharmaceuticals under the Medicare and Medicaid programs will continue to be based on current methodologies or even remain similar to present levels. We may be subject to rate reductions as a result of federal budgetary constraints or other legislative changes related to the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
Referral Restrictions. We are subject to federal and state laws governing financial and other arrangements between health care providers. Commonly referred to as the Fraud and Abuse laws, these laws prohibit certain financial relationships between pharmacies and physicians or other referral sources. Recently, there has been increased government scrutiny and enforcement activity relating to drug manufacturers' marketing practices under these Fraud and Abuse laws. Violations of these laws and regulations could subject us to fines, pharmacy shutdowns and possible exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Changes in these healthcare laws or new interpretations of the existing laws may affect our pharmacy business.
Drug Use Review. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, or OBRA 90, establishes a number of regulations regarding state Medicaid prescription drug benefits. Although OBRA 90 primarily focuses on drug manufacturers' obligations to provide drug rebates under state Medicaid programs, it also requires states to create drug use review, or DUR, requirements in order to combat fraud, abuse, gross overuse, inappropriate or medically unnecessary care as well as to educate patients about potential adverse reactions. DUR requires pharmacists to discuss with patients relevant information in connection with dispensing drugs to patients. This information may include the name and description of the medication, route and dosage form of the drug therapy, special directions and precautions for patients, side effects, storage, refill and what a patient should do upon a missed dosage. Under DUR requirements, pharmacists are also required to take reasonable efforts to obtain the patient's identification information, medical and drug reaction history and to keep notes relevant to an individual's drug therapy. Our pharmacists provide the required drug use consultation with our customers.
Healthcare Information Practices. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, sets forth health information standards in order to provide guidelines for electronic transactions and code sets, unique provider, employer, health plan and patient identifiers, security and
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electronic signatures as well as protecting privacy in the exchange of identifiable health information. The Department of Health and Human Services, or DHHS, has released two rules mandating compliance with the standards set forth under HIPAA. First, our pharmacies will be required to implement the uniform standards governing common healthcare transactions by October 16, 2002. Second, DHHS' issuance of new standards relating to the privacy of the use and disclosure of individually identifiable health information will require compliance with these standards from our pharmacies by April 14, 2003. Rules governing the security of health information have been proposed but have not yet been issued in final form.
We are evaluating the effect of the HIPAA standards and are taking steps to achieve compliance. At this time, management anticipates that our pharmacies will be able to comply with the HIPAA requirements that have been adopted. However, management is not in the position to either estimate the cost of compliance with the existing HIPAA requirements or predict the cost of compliance with HIPAA requirements that have not yet been finalized. Noncompliance with HIPAA may result in criminal penalties and civil sanctions. The new and proposed HIPAA standards will likely have a significant effect on the manner in which our pharmacies' health information exchange takes place in the near future. The cost of compliance, as a result, could significantly impact our business, financial condition, results of operation or cash flow. In addition to the HIPAA restrictions relating to the exchange of healthcare information, states have adopted laws protecting the confidentiality of patient information which impacts the manner in which pharmacy records are maintained.
Healthcare Reform and Federal Budget Legislation. In recent years, Congress has passed a number of federal laws that have created major changes in the healthcare system. In December 2000, the Medicare, Medicaid and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000, or BIPA, was signed into law. Generally, BIPA, which became effective in April 2001, includes provisions designed to further mitigate the reimbursement cuts contained in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. BIPA also clarifies the government's policy with regard to coverage of drugs and biologics, and addresses certain reimbursement issues. BIPA mandated a study by the General Accounting Office regarding payment for drugs and biologics under Medicare Part B, and requires the General Accounting Office to report to the secretary of the DHHS specific recommendations for revised payment methodologies. BIPA established a temporary moratorium on direct or indirect reductions, but not increases, in payment rates in effect on January 1, 2001, until the Secretary reviews the General Accounting Office report.
BIPA also addresses attempts to modify the calculation of average wholesale prices of drugs, or AWPs, upon which Medicare and Medicaid pharmacy reimbursement is based. The federal government has been actively investigating whether pharmaceutical manufacturers have been manipulating average wholesale prices. In May 2000, the Health Care Financing Administration, or HCFA, proposed using new pricing data from the Department of Justice for updating Medicare reimbursement allowances for drugs and biologics, although HCFA withdrew its proposal in November 2000, citing the likelihood of Congressional action in this area. The Bush administration and Congress are currently reviewing the validity of using AWPs as the benchmark for prescription drug reimbursement under Medicare Part B and may institute reforms in the manner in which prescription drugs are reimbursed under Medicare Part B by creating a new benchmark for prescription drug reimbursement.
It is uncertain at this time what additional health care reform initiatives, including a Medicare prescription drug benefit, if any, will be implemented, or whether there will be other changes in the administration of governmental health care programs or interpretations of governmental policies or other changes affecting the healthcare system. We cannot assure you that future health care or budget legislation or other changes, including those referenced above, will not materially adversely impact our pharmacy business.
Non-Healthcare Licenses. We have been granted cigarette tax stamping licenses from the State of New York and from the City of New York, which permit us to buy cigarettes directly from the manufacturers and stamp the cigarettes ourselves. Our stores possess cigarette tax retail dealers licenses
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issued by the State of New York, the City of New York and the State of New Jersey. In addition, a number of our stores possess beer licenses issued by the State of New York. We seek to comply with all of these licensing and registration requirements and continue to actively monitor our compliance. By virtue of these license and registration requirements, we are obligated to observe certain rules and regulations, and a violation of these rules and regulations could result in suspension or revocation of one or more licenses or registrations and/or the imposition of monetary penalties or fines.
Employees: As of December 29, 2001, we had approximately 5,100 employees, 78% of whom were full- time. Unions represent approximately 4,000 of our employees. Non-union employees include employees at corporate headquarters, employees at our personnel office, store management and most part-time employees, as well as some of our store pharmacists. The distribution facility employees are represented by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs and Warehousemen and Helpers of America, Local 815. Our three-year contract with this union expires on August 31, 2002. Employees in some stores are represented by the Allied Trades Council ("ATC") and other stores are represented by Local 340A New York Joint Board, UNITE AFL-CIO ("UNITE"). On August 31, 2001, our collective bargaining agreement with the ATC expired after we were unable to reach agreement with the ATC on terms for a successor agreement. The ATC unsuccessfully attempted to strike some of our stores, but our employees remained at work at all times and have been working pursuant to the terms of our recently implemented contract with the ATC, which expires on August 31, 2004. Our recently renegotiated contract with UNITE expires on March 31, 2004. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. Recently, we have implemented a series of training programs for our employees, which are designed to reduce turnover, improve productivity and enhance their ability to assist customers.
Trademarks: The name "Duane Reade" and the "DR" logo are registered trademarks. We believe that we have developed strong brand awareness within the New York City area. As a result, we regard the Duane Reade logo as a valuable asset. In addition, in connection with the Rock Bottom acquisition, we acquired the "Rock Bottom" name and the "Rock Bottom" logo, each of which are registered trademarks.
The foregoing information contains certain forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause our actual results, performance, achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, the competitive environment in the drugstore industry in general and in our specific market area; inflation; changes in costs of goods and services; economic conditions in general and in our specific market areas; demographic changes; changes in prevailing interest rates and the availability of and terms of financing to fund the anticipated growth of our business; liability and other claims asserted against us; changes in operating strategy or development plans; the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; our significant indebtedness; labor disturbances; the continued impact of, or new occurences of, terrorist attacks in the New York City metropolitan area; changes in our acquisition and capital expenditure plans and other factors referenced in this report. In addition, these forward-looking statements are necessarily dependent upon assumptions, estimates and dates that may be incorrect or imprecise and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Accordingly, any forward-looking statements included in this report do not purport to be predictions of future events or circumstances and may not be realized. Forward-looking statements can be identified by, among other things, the use of forward-looking terminology such as "believes," "expects," "may," "will," "should," "seeks," "pro forma," "anticipates," "intends" or the negative of any of these terms, or other variations on these terms or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy or intentions. Given these uncertainties, we caution investors not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We disclaim any obligation to update any of these factors or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained in this report to reflect future events or developments.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 29, 2001, we were operating stores in the following locations:
| |
Number of Stores |
|
|---|---|---|
| Manhattan, NY | 113 | |
| Brooklyn, NY | 24 | |
| Queens, NY | 22 | |
| Nassau County, NY | 11 | |
| Bronx, NY | 8 | |
| Westchester County, NY | 7 | |
| Staten Island, NY | 6 | |
| New Jersey | 5 | |
| Suffolk County, NY | 3 | |
| Rockland County, NY | 1 | |
| Total | 200 | |
Store leases are generally for 15-year terms. The average year of expiration for stores operating as of December 29, 2001 is 2011. Lease rates are generally subject to scheduled increases that average approximately 10% every five years, based on negotiated inflation projections, real estate tax increases and maintenance cost increases. The following table sets forth the lease expiration dates of our leased stores over each of the next five years and thereafter. Of the 41 stores with leases expiring in the next five years, 14 have renewal options.
| Year |
Number of Leases Expiring |
Number of Renewal Options |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 7 | 1 | ||
| 2003 | 9 | 3 | ||
| 2004 | 9 | 5 | ||
| 2005 | 7 | 2 | ||
| 2006 | 9 | 3 | ||
| Thereafter | 159 | 72 |
We occupy 49,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters, located in Manhattan, New York City, under leases that expire in 2006 and 2008.
We occupy a 475,000 square foot warehouse in Maspeth, Queens, New York City under a lease that expires in 2017.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are party to legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Based on information presently available to us, we believe that we have adequate legal defenses or insurance coverage for these actions and that the ultimate outcome of these actions will not have a materially adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of our company.
During 2001, we concluded the settlement of an arbitration proceeding related to the 1998 acquisition of Rock Bottom Stores, Inc. Settlement proceeds amounting to $6.0 million were received in full on October 4, 2001. The settlement was attributed to litigation-related costs ($3.7 million), goodwill ($1.3 million), and interest income ($1.0 million).
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001, we did not submit any matters to a vote of our security holders.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
MARKET PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
| |
Year ended December 29, 2001 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quarter ended |
||||||
| High |
Low |
|||||
| March 31, 2001 | $ | 39.90 | $ | 28.88 | ||
| June 30, 2001 | 37.30 | 32.11 | ||||
| September 29, 2001 | 39.00 | 27.21 | ||||
| December 29, 2001 | 32.95 | 27.49 | ||||
| |
Year ended December 30, 2000 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quarter ended |
||||||
| High |
Low |
|||||
| March 25, 2000 | $ | 28.81 | $ | 20.63 | ||
| June 24, 2000 | 32.50 | 23.00 | ||||
| September 23, 2000 | 31.38 | 20.94 | ||||
| December 30, 2000 | 31.94 | 23.13 | ||||
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol: "DRD." At March 15, 2002, there were 75 registered stockholders of our common stock, compared with 48 registered stockholders at March 16, 2001. Since a portion of our common stock is held in "street" name or nominee name, we are unable to determine the exact number of beneficial holders. We paid no dividends in 2001 or 2000, and do not currently anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
In thousands, except per share amounts, percentages and store data
| Fiscal Year(1) |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance Sheet Data (at end of period) | |||||||||||||||||
| Working capital | $ | 214,109 | $ | 154,466 | $ | 120,036 | $ | 90,000 | $ | 37,494 | |||||||
| Total assets | 678,985 | 570,930 | 510,294 | 428,140 | 249,521 | ||||||||||||
| Total debt and capital lease obligations | 247,155 | 353,001 | 341,042 | 310,969 | 278,085 | ||||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity (deficiency) | 295,207 | 114,497 | 66,516 | 22,789 | (74,109 | ) | |||||||||||
| Statement of Operations Data | |||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 1,143,564 | $ | 1,000,068 | $ | 839,771 | $ | 587,432 | $ | 429,816 | |||||||
| Cost of sales | 871,215 | 745,717 | 621,510 | 431,025 | 322,340 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 272,349 | 254,351 | 218,261 | 156,407 | 107,476 | ||||||||||||
| Selling, general & administrative expenses | 172,972 | 155,584 | 135,786 | 94,577 | 65,414 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 26,634 | 23,151 | 21,415 | 14,158 | 8,810 | ||||||||||||
| Store pre-opening expenses | 1,667 | 1,395 | 1,492 | 3,273 | 767 | ||||||||||||
| Non-recurring charges(2) | | | | | 12,726 | ||||||||||||
| Operating income | 71,076 | 74,221 | 59,568 | 44,399 | 19,759 | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 27,623 | 35,935 | 29,348 | 25,612 | 34,473 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 43,453 | 38,286 | 30,220 | 18,787 | (14,714 | ) | |||||||||||
| Income tax (expense) benefit | (17,232 | ) | (15,610 | ) | 10,471 | | | ||||||||||
| Income (loss) before extraordinary charge | 26,221 | 22,676 | 40,691 | 18,787 | (14,714 | ) | |||||||||||
| Extraordinary charge(3) | (1,491 | ) | | | (23,600 | ) | | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 24,730 | $ | 22,676 | $ | 40,691 | $ | (4,813 | ) | $ | (14,714 | ) | |||||
| Per common share-basic:(4) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before extraordinary charge | $ | 1.25 | $ | 1.28 | $ | 2.38 | $ | 1.16 | $ | (1.45 | ) | ||||||
| Extraordinary charge | (0.07 | ) | | | (1.46 | ) | | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 1.18 | $ | 1.28 | $ | 2.38 | $ | (0.30 | ) | $ | (1.45 | ) | |||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding(4) | 20,984 | 17,718 | 17,119 | 16,198 | 10,161 | ||||||||||||
| Per common share-diluted:(4) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before extraordinary charge | $ | 1.20 | $ | 1.23 | $ | 2.26 | $ | 1.07 | $ | (1.45 | ) | ||||||
| Extraordinary charge | (0.07 | ) | | | (1.34 | ) | | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 1.13 | $ | 1.23 | $ | 2.26 | $ | (0.27 | ) | $ | (1.45 | ) | |||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding(4) | 21,851 | 18,424 | 17,971 | 17,508 | 10,161 | ||||||||||||
| Operating and Other Data | |||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 25,762 | $ | 22,074 | $ | 16,888 | $ | 5,539 | $ | (2,051 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (48,052 | ) | $ | (32,647 | ) | $ | (45,309 | ) | $ | (111,575 | ) | $ | (10,040 | ) | ||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $ | 26,283 | $ | 10,539 | $ | 28,565 | $ | 106,644 | $ | 12,136 | |||||||
| EBITDA(5) | $ | 102,075 | $ | 101,357 | $ | 85,762 | $ | 62,016 | $ | 43,056 | |||||||
| EBITDA as a percentage of sales | 8.9% | 10.1% | 10.2% | 10.6% | 10.0% | ||||||||||||
| Number of stores at end of period | 200 | 172 | 149 | 128 | 67 | ||||||||||||
| Same store sales growth(6) | 6.3% | 7.3% | 8.9% | 6.5% | 7.6% | ||||||||||||
| Pharmacy same store sales growth | 16.6% | 18.8% | 21.0% | 21.5% | 24.6% | ||||||||||||
| Average store size (square feet) at end of period | 7,169 | 7,166 | 7,438 | 7,742 | 6,910 | ||||||||||||
| Sales per square foot(7) | $ | 818 | $ | 847 | $ | 813 | $ | 1,040 | $ | 1,010 | |||||||
| Pharmacy sales as a % of net sales | 39.2% | 35.4% | 31.9% | 28.3% | 25.1% | ||||||||||||
| Third-Party Plan sales as a % of pharmacy sales | 86.9% | 84.0% | 81.2% | 77.9% | 74.2% | ||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | $ | 40,982 | $ | 29,750 | $ | 37,181 | $ | 33,266 | $ | 9,360 | |||||||
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