SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Form 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 28, 2002 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from ____________________ to ____________________ |
Commission File Number: 1-6024
WOLVERINE WORLD WIDE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware |
38-1185150 |
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9341 Courtland Drive, Rockford, Michigan |
49351 |
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Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (616) 866-5500
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act:
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
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Common Stock, $1 Par Value, Non-Cumulative |
New York Stock Exchange/Pacific Exchange, Inc. |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
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Yes |
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No |
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ X ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).
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Yes |
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No |
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The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange on June 14, 2002, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter: $665,102,583.
Number of shares outstanding of the registrant's Common Stock, $1 par value (excluding shares of treasury stock) as of March 20, 2003: 39,809,925.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive proxy statement for the registrant's annual stockholders' meeting to be held April 24, 2003, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are based on management's beliefs, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about the footwear business, worldwide economics and the Company itself. Statements, including without limitation, those related to: future revenue, earnings, margins, growth and cash flows; expected economic returns; projected 2003 operating results and dividend rates; continued supply to the U.S. military and significant customers; future strength of the Company; the establishment or growth of the retail presence for Company brands; the introduction of new lines or categories of products; future growth or success in specific countries, categories or market sectors; continued or expected distribution at specific retailers; liquidity; capital resources and market risk are forward-looking statements. In addition, words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "forecasts," "intends," "is likely," "plans," "predicts," "projects," "should," "will," variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions ("Risk Factors") that are difficult to predict with regard to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence. Therefore, actual results and outcomes may materially differ from what may be expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements.
Risk Factors include, but are not limited to, uncertainties relating to changes in demand for the Company's products; changes in consumer preferences or spending patterns; the cost and availability of inventories, services, labor and equipment furnished to the Company; the cost and availability of contract manufacturers; the cost and availability of raw materials, including leather; the impact of competition and pricing by the Company's competitors; changes in government and regulatory policies; foreign currency fluctuations; changes in trading policies or import and export regulations; changes in interest rates, tax laws, duties, tariffs, quotas or applicable assessments; technological developments; changes in local, domestic or international economic and market conditions including the severity of the continued weakness in the U.S. economy; the size and growth of footwear markets; changes in the amount or severity of inclement weather; changes due to the growth of Inte rnet commerce; popularity of particular designs and categories of footwear; the ability of the Company to manage and forecast its growth and inventories; the ability to secure and protect trademarks, patents and other intellectual property; integration of operations of newly acquired businesses; changes in business strategy or development plans; the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the ability to retain rights to brands licensed by the Company; loss of significant customers; performance of international distributors and licensees; the Company's ability to meet at-once orders; the risk of doing business in developing countries and economically volatile areas; retail buying patterns; consolidation in the retail sector; and the acceptability of U.S. brands in international markets. Additionally, the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the continuing war on terrorism, the ongoing war in Iraq, and subsequent events have created significant global economic and political uncertainties that ma y have material and adverse effects on consumer demand, foreign sourcing of footwear, shipping and transportation, product imports and exports and the sale of products in the United States and foreign markets. These matters are representative of the Risk Factors that could cause a difference between an ultimate actual outcome and a forward-looking statement. Historical operating results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future. The Risk Factors included here are not exhaustive. Other Risk Factors exist, and new Risk Factors emerge from time-to-time, that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Furthermore, the Company undertakes no obligation to update, amend or clarify forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
PART I
Item 1. Business.
General.
Wolverine World Wide, Inc. (the "Company") is a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of a broad line of quality casual shoes, rugged outdoor and work footwear, and constructed slippers and moccasins. The Company, a Delaware corporation, is the successor of a Michigan corporation of the same name, originally organized in 1906, which in turn was the successor of a footwear business established in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1883.
Consumers around the world purchased more than 37 million pairs of Company branded footwear during fiscal 2002, making the Company a global leader among U.S. footwear companies in the marketing of branded casual, work and outdoor footwear. The Company's products generally feature contemporary styling with proprietary technologies designed to provide maximum comfort and performance. The products are marketed throughout the world under widely recognized brand names, including Bates®, CAT®, Coleman®, Harley-Davidson®, Hush Puppies®, HyTest®, Merrell®, Stanley® and Wolverine®. The Company believes that its primary competitive strengths are its well-recognized brand names, broad range of comfortable footwear, patented and proprietary designs and comfort technologies, numerous distribution channels and diversified manufacturing and sourcing base.
The Company's footwear is sold under a variety of brand names designed to appeal to most consumers of casual, work and outdoor footwear at numerous price points. The Company's footwear products are organized under five operating divisions: (i) the Wolverine Footwear Group, focusing on work, outdoor and lifestyle boots and shoes, (ii) the Merrell Performance Footwear Group, focusing on the Merrell® product lines of performance and lifestyle footwear, (iii) the CAT Footwear Group, focusing on the CAT® product lines of work and lifestyle footwear, (iv) the Hush Puppies Company, focusing on Hush Puppies® brand comfortable casual and dress shoes, and (v) the Wolverine Slipper Group, focusing on moccasins and slippers under the Hush Puppies® and Karen Neuburger® brands and other labels for third party retailers. The Company's Global Operations Group is responsible for manufacturing, sourcing, distribution and custom er support for the various Company brands. The Company's footwear is distributed domestically through 63 Company-owned retail stores and to numerous accounts including department stores, footwear chains, catalogs, specialty retailers, mass merchants and Internet retailers. Many of the retailers to whom Wolverine distributes operate multiple storefront locations. The Company's products are distributed worldwide in over 130 markets through licensees and distributors.
The Company, through its Wolverine Leathers Division, operates a Company-owned tannery and is one of the premier tanners of quality pigskin leather for the shoe and leather goods industries. Pigskin leather tanned by the Company is used in a significant portion of the footwear marketed by the Company, and is also sold to Company licensees and other domestic and foreign manufacturers of shoes. In addition, Wolverine Procurement, Inc., a Company-owned subsidiary, performs skinning operations and purchases raw pigskins which it then cures and sells to the Wolverine Leathers Division and to outside customers for processing into pigskin leather products.
For financial information regarding the Company, see the consolidated financial statements of the Company, which are attached as Appendix A to this Form 10-K. The Company has one reportable operating segment, Branded Footwear. The Branded Footwear segment is engaged in the manufacture
Branded Footwear.
The Company sources and markets a broad range of footwear styles including shoes, boots and sandals under many recognizable brand names including Bates®, CAT®, Coleman®, Harley-Davidson®, Hush Puppies®, HyTest®, Merrell®, Stanley® and Wolverine®. The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Wolverine Slipper Group, Inc., also sources constructed slippers and moccasins and markets them under the Hush Puppies® and Karen Neuburger® trademarks and on a private label basis. The Company combines quality materials and skilled workmanship from around the world to produce footwear according to its specifications at both Company-owned and independent manufacturing facilities.
The Company's five branded footwear operating divisions are described below.
1. Wolverine Footwear Group. The Wolverine Footwear Group encompasses footwear under the Wolverine®, Bates®, HyTest®, Harley-Davidson®, Coleman® and Stanley® brands and markets footwear designed with performance and comfort features to serve a variety of work, outdoor and lifestyle functions.
Wolverine® Work and Industrial Footwear. The Wolverine® brand has built its reputation by offering high quality work boots and shoes that incorporate innovative technologies to deliver comfort and durability. The Wolverine® brand, which has been in existence for 120 years, markets work and outdoor footwear in three categories: (i) work and industrial; (ii) outdoor sport; and (iii) rugged casual. The development of DuraShocks® technology allowed the Wolverine® brand to introduce a broad line of work footwear with a focus on comfort. The Wolverine Fusion®, DuraShocks SR, SEMC composite safety toe and Wolverine Compressor technologies continue the Company's tradition of comfortable work and industrial footwear. The Wolverine® work product line features work boots and shoes, including steel toe boots and shoes, targeting male an d female industrial and farm workers. The Wolverine® rugged casual and outdoor sport product lines also incorporate DuraShocks® technology and other comfort features into products designed for casual and outdoor sport use. The rugged casual line targets active lifestyles and includes walking shoes, rugged casuals and outdoor sandals. The outdoor sport line is designed to meet the demands of hunters, fishermen and other active outdoor sportsmen and women. Warmth, waterproofing and comfort are achieved through the use of Gore-Tex® and Thinsulate® brand fabrics, the Company's performance leathers and patented DuraShocks® technologies.
Bates® Uniform Footwear. The Bates Uniform Footwear Division is an industry leader in supplying footwear to military and civilian uniform users. The Bates Uniform Footwear Division utilizes DuraShocks®, DuraShocks SR, CoolTech® and other proprietary comfort technologies in the design of its military-style boots and oxfords including the Bates®, Enforcer Series® and Special Ops footwear lines. The Bates Uniform Footwear Division contracts with the U.S. Department of Defense and the militaries of several foreign countries to supply military footwear. Civilian uniform uses include police, security, postal, restaurant and other industrial occupations. Bates Uniform Footwear Division products are also distributed through specialty retailers and catalogs.
HyTest®. The HyTest® product line consists primarily of high quality work boots and shoes designed to protect male and female industrial workers from foot injuries. HyTest® footwear incorporates various specialty safety features into its product lines, including steel toe, composite toe, electrical hazard, static dissipating and conductive footwear to protect against hazards of the workplace. In addition, HyTest® brand footwear incorporates features such as FootRests® comfort technology and the proprietary SEMC composite toe to provide comfort together with safety for working men and women. HyTest® footwear is distributed primarily through a network of independently owned Shoemobile® mobile truck retail outlets providing direct sales of the Company's occupational and work footwear brands to workers at industrial facilities and also through direct sales arrangements with large industrial customers.
Harley-Davidson® Footwear. Pursuant to a license arrangement with the Harley-Davidson Motor Company, the Company has the exclusive right to manufacture, market, distribute and sell Harley-Davidson® brand footwear throughout the world. Harley-Davidson® brand footwear products include motorcycle, casual, fashion, work, military and western footwear for men, women and children. Harley-Davidson® footwear is sold globally through a network of independent Harley-Davidson® dealerships as well as through department stores and specialty retailers.
Coleman® Footgear. The Company has been granted the exclusive rights to manufacture, market, distribute and sell outdoor footwear under the Coleman® brand in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. Coleman® brand footwear products include lightweight hiking boots, outdoor sport boots, rubber footgear and outdoor sandals, which are sold primarily at value-oriented prices through specialty retailers and mass merchants.
Stanley® Footgear. Pursuant to a license arrangement with The Stanley Works, the Company has exclusive rights to manufacture, market, distribute and sell footwear under the Stanley® brand. The Stanley® Footgear line is designed primarily for and marketed in the value-priced work footwear market. Stanley® Footgear is currently sold in Payless ShoeSource, Inc. stores throughout the United States.
2. Merrell Performance Footwear Group. The Merrell Performance Footwear Group was established as a separate division of the Company in October 2002. The Merrell® product line consists primarily of technical hiking, rugged outdoor and outdoor inspired casual footwear designed for backpacking, day hiking and every day use. The Merrell® product line also includes the "After-Sport" product line, incorporating Merrell® footwear's technical hiking and outdoor expertise with Wolverine Performance Leathers and other technical materials to create footwear with unique styling, performance and comfort features. Merrell® products are sold primarily through outdoor specialty retailers, department stores and catalogs. Merrell® footwear is marketed in over 120 countries worldwide.
3. CAT Footwear Group. The CAT Footwear Group was established as a separate division of the Company in October 2002. Pursuant to a license arrangement with Caterpillar Inc., the Company has exclusive worldwide rights to manufacture, market and distribute footwear under the Caterpillar®, CAT & Design®, Walking Machines® and other trademarks. The Company believes the association with CAT® equipment enhances the reputation of its boots for quality, ruggedness and durability. CAT® brand footwear products include work boots and shoes, sport boots, rugged casuals and lifestyle footwear. In addition, the Company also manufactures and markets CAT® Marine Power footwear, designed for industrial and recreational marine uses. CAT® footwear products target work and industrial users and active lifestyle users. CAT&r eg; footwear is marketed in over 130 countries worldwide.
4. The Hush Puppies Company. Over its 45-year heritage, the Hush Puppies® brand has been a pioneer of comfortable casual shoes. The diverse product line includes numerous styles for both dress and casual wear and utilizes comfort features, such as the Comfort Curve® sole, Float Fx®, patented Bounce® technology and lightweight Zero-G constructions. Hush Puppies® shoes are sold to men, women and children in over 96 countries through department stores, catalogs, and independent retailers.
5. Wolverine Slipper Group, Inc. Through its wholly owned subsidiary, Wolverine Slipper Group, Inc., the Company is one of the leading suppliers of constructed slippers in the United States. The styling of Wolverine Slipper Group's footwear reflects consumer demand for the "rugged indoor" look by using natural leathers such as moosehide, shearling and suede in constructed slipper and indoor and outdoor moccasin designs. The Wolverine Slipper Group designs and manufactures constructed slippers, aftersport footwear, moccasins and children's footwear on a private label basis according to customer specifications. In addition to its traditional line of private label products, the Wolverine Slipper Group also manufactures and markets slipper products under the famous Hush Puppies® brand and has developed a College Clogs program for the sale of licensed collegiate slipper products. In addition, the Wolverine Slipper Group markets Karen Neuburger® slipper products pursuant to a license arrangement completed in the first quarter of 2002.
Other Businesses.
In addition to the manufacture and marketing of the Company's footwear products that are reported in the Branded Footwear segment, the Company also (i) operates a Company-owned pigskin tannery through its Wolverine Leathers Division, (ii) purchases and cures raw pigskins for sale to various customers through its wholly owned subsidiary Wolverine Procurement, Inc., (iii) operates 63 domestic retail footwear stores, and (iv) licenses the Company's brand names for use on non-footwear products.
1. The Wolverine Leathers Division. The Wolverine Leathers Division produces pigskin leathers primarily for use in the footwear industry. Wolverine Leathers® brand products are manufactured in the Company's pigskin tannery located in Rockford, Michigan. The Company believes these leathers offer superior performance and advantages over cowhide leathers. The Company's waterproof, stain resistant and washable leathers are featured in many of the Company's domestic footwear lines and many products offered by the Company's international licensees and distributors. Wolverine performance leathers are also featured in certain outside brands of athletic and outdoor footwear.
2. Wolverine Procurement, Inc. Wolverine Procurement, Inc. performs skinning operations and purchases raw pigskins from third parties, which it cures and sells to the Wolverine Leathers Division and to outside customers for processing into pigskin leather products.
3. Retail Stores. The Company operates 63 domestic retail shoe stores as of February, 2003, consisting of 61 factory outlet stores under the Hush Puppies and Family name, and two mall-based stores under the Track 'N Trail® name. The Company expects the scope of its retail operations to remain relatively consistent in the foreseeable future. Most of the Company's 61 factory outlet stores carry a large selection of first quality Company branded footwear at discounted retail prices. The Track 'N Trail® stores feature Company brands such as Wolverine®, Merrell®, Hush Puppies®, CAT® and Harley-Davidson®. These stores also carry a selection of branded footwear from other manufacturers.
4. Apparel and Accessory Licensing. The Company's Apparel and Accessory Licensing Division licenses the Company's brands for use on non-footwear products including apparel, eyewear, watches, socks, handbags and plush toys. Current significant licensing programs include Hush Puppies® brand apparel, eyewear, watches and plush toys, and Wolverine® brand apparel, gloves and watches.
Marketing.
The Company's overall marketing strategy is to develop brand-specific plans and related promotional materials for the United States and international markets to foster a differentiated and consistent image for each of the Company's core footwear brands. Each footwear brand group has its own marketing personnel who develop the marketing strategy for products within that group. Marketing campaigns and strategies vary by brand and may target accounts and/or end users as they strive to increase overall brand awareness for the Company's branded products. The Company's advertisements typically emphasize fashion, comfort, quality, durability, functionality and other performance and lifestyle aspects of the Company's footwear. Components of the brand-specific plans vary and may
The Company's footwear brand groups provide its international licensees and distributors with creative direction and materials to convey consistent messages and brand images. Examples of marketing assistance that may be provided by the Company to its licensees and distributors are (i) direction on the categories of footwear to be promoted, (ii) photography and layouts, (iii) broadcast advertising, including commercials and film footage, (iv) point of purchase presentation specifications, blueprints and packaging, (v) sales materials and (vi) consulting on retail store layout and design. The Company believes its footwear brand names provide a competitive advantage and the Company makes significant expenditures on marketing and promotion to support the position of its products and enhance brand awareness.
Domestic Sales and Distribution.
The Company uses a wide variety of distribution channels to distribute its branded footwear products. To meet the diverse needs of its broad customer base, the Company uses three primary distribution strategies.
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Traditional wholesale distribution is used to service department stores, large footwear chains, specialty retailers, catalogs, independent retailers and uniform outlets. A dedicated sales force and customer service team, advertising and point of purchase support, and in-stock inventories are used to service these accounts. |
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Volume direct programs provide branded and private label footwear at competitive prices with limited marketing support. These programs service major retail, mail order, mass merchant and government customers. |
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A network of independent Shoemobile® distribution outlets is used to distribute the Company's work and occupational footwear at industrial facilities. |
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The Company solicits all branches of the United States military and enters bids for contracts to supply specific footwear products. |
In addition to its wholesale activities, the Company also operates domestic retail shoe stores as described above. The Company is developing various programs both independently and with its retail customers for the distribution of its products over the Internet and operates direct to customer sites at www.upfootgear.com, www.hytest.com, www.wolverinebootsandshoes.com, www.trackandtrail.com, www.hushpuppies.com and www.catfootwear.com.
A broad distribution base insulates the Company from dependence on any one customer. No customer of the Company accounted for more than 10% of the Company's revenue in fiscal 2002.
Footwear sales are seasonal with significant increases in sales experienced during the U.S. fall and spring seasons. Due to this seasonal nature of footwear sales, the Company experiences some fluctuation in its levels of working capital. The Company provides working capital for such fluctuations through internal financing and through a revolving credit agreement that the Company has in place. The Company expects the seasonal sales pattern to continue in future years.
International Operations and Global Licensing.
The Company records revenue from foreign sources through a combination of sales of branded footwear products generated from the Company's owned operations in Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg and from royalty income through a network of independent licensees and distributors. The Company's owned operations include Hush Puppies (UK) Ltd., Merrell Europe B.V., Merrell (Europe) Limited, Hush Puppies Canada Footwear, Ltd., and the Merrell Canada division. In addition, in January 2002, the Company established a new subsidiary to manage the CAT® footwear brand in the European market. This new subsidiary, Wolverine Europe Limited, purchased on-going operations and assets of the European CAT® footwear business from Overland Group Limited of London, England. The markets served directly by Wolverine Europe Limited include Austria, France, Germany, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Switzerland, and it will conti nue to coordinate and oversee support for other European markets served by independently-owned distributors. The Company's owned operations are located in markets where the Company believes it can gain a strategic advantage.
The Company derives royalty income from sales of Company footwear bearing the Hush Puppies®, Wolverine®, Bates®, HyTest®, Merrell® and other trademarks by independent distributors and licensees. The Company also derives royalty income from sales of footwear bearing the CAT®, Coleman® and Harley-Davidson® trademarks through foreign distributors. License and distribution arrangements enable the Company to develop sales in international markets without the capital commitment required to maintain related foreign operations, employees, inventories or localized marketing programs. In fiscal 2002, the Company's wholly owned foreign operations, together with the Company's foreign licensees and distributors sold an estimated 17 million pairs of footwear, which is consistent with the level of international sales in fiscal 2001.
The Company continues to develop a global network of licensees and distributors to market its footwear brands. The Company assists in designing products that are appropriate to each foreign market but are consistent with the global brand position. Independent licensees and distributors purchase goods from either the Company or authorized third-party manufacturers pursuant to distribution agreements or manufacture branded products consistent with Company standards pursuant to license agreements. Distributors and licensees are responsible for independently marketing and distributing Company branded products in their respective territories, with product and market support provided by the Company.
Manufacturing and Sourcing.
The Company controls the sourcing and manufacture of approximately 75% of the pairs of footwear marketed under the Company's brand names globally. The balance is controlled directly by the Company's licensees. Of the pairs controlled by the Company, approximately 85% are purchased or sourced from third parties, with the remainder produced at Company-owned facilities. Footwear produced by the Company is manufactured at Company-owned facilities in several domestic and certain affiliated foreign facilities located in Michigan, Arkansas, the Dominican Republic and Mexico. For some of the Company-produced footwear, a "twin plant" concept is utilized whereby a majority of the labor intensive cutting and fitting construction of the "upper" portion of shoes and boots is performed at the Company's facilities in the Dominican Republic, Arkansas and Mexico and the technology intensive construction, or "bottoming," is performed at the Company's Michigan facilities.
The Company's factories each have the flexibility to produce a variety of footwear, and depart from the industry's historical practice of dedicating a given facility to production of specific footwear products. This flexibility allows the Company to quickly respond to changes in market preference and demand. The Company primarily produces slippers, work and military footwear in its domestic and Caribbean facilities, allowing the Company to respond to both market and customer-specific demand.
The Company sources a majority of its footwear from a variety of foreign manufacturing facilities in the Asia-Pacific region, Central and South America, India and Europe. The Company maintains technical offices in the Asia-Pacific region to facilitate the sourcing and importation of quality footwear. The Company has established guidelines for each of its third-party manufacturers in order to monitor product quality, labor practices and financial viability. In addition, the Company has adopted "Engagement Criteria for Partners & Sources" to require that its domestic and foreign manufacturers, licensees and distributors use ethical business standards, comply with all applicable health and safety laws and regulations, are committed to environmentally safe practices, treat employees fairly with respect to wages, benefits and working conditions, and do not use child or prison labor.
The Company's domestic manufacturing operations allow the Company to (i) reduce its production lead time, enabling it to quickly respond to market demand and reduce inventory risk, (ii) lower freight and shipping costs, and (iii) closely monitor product quality. The Company's foreign manufacturing strategy allows the Company to (i) benefit from lower manufacturing costs and state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities, (ii) source the highest quality raw materials from around the world, and (iii) avoid additional capital expenditures necessary for owned factories and equipment. The Company believes that its overall global manufacturing strategy gives the Company maximum flexibility to properly balance the need for timely shipments, high quality products and competitive pricing.
The Company owns and operates a pigskin tannery through its Wolverine Leathers Division, which is one of the premier tanners of quality leather for the footwear industry. The Company and its licensees receive virtually all of their pigskin requirements from the tannery. The Company believes the tannery provides a strategic advantage for the Company by producing leather using proprietary technology at prices below those available from other sources.
The Company's principal required raw material is quality leather, which it purchases from a select group of domestic and offshore suppliers, including the Company's tannery. The global availability of common upper materials and specialty leathers eliminates any reliance by the Company upon a sole supplier. The Company currently purchases the vast majority of the raw pigskins used in a significant portion of its tannery operations from one domestic source. This source has been a reliable and consistent supplier for over 30 years. Alternative sources of pigskin are available; however the price, processing and/or product characteristics are less advantageous to the Company. The Company purchases all of its other raw materials and component parts from a variety of sources, none of which is believed by the Company to be a dominant supplier.
The Company is subject to the normal risks of doing business abroad due to its international operations, including the risk of expropriation, acts of war or terrorism, political disturbances and similar events, the imposition of trade barriers, quotas and tariffs, loss of most favored nation trading status and currency and exchange rate fluctuations. With respect to international sourcing activities, management believes that over a period of time, it could arrange adequate alternative sources of supply for the products currently obtained from its foreign suppliers. A sustained disruption of such sources of supply could have an adverse impact on the Company's operations and financial condition.
Trademarks, Licenses and Patents.
The Company holds a significant portfolio of registered and common law trademarks that identify its branded footwear products. The owned trademarks that are most widely used by the Company include Hush Puppies®, Wolverine®, Bates®, Wolverine Fusion, DuraShocks®, Wolverine Compressor, Hidden Tracks®, Bounce®, Comfort Curve®, HyTest®, Merrell®, Track 'N Trail® and FootRests®. The Company has obtained license rights to manufacture, market and distribute footwear throughout most countries of the world under the CAT® and Harley-Davidson® trademarks; the right to manufacture, market and distribute footwear in the United States and other countries under the Stanley® trademark; the right to manufacture, market and distribute slippers in the United States and certain other countries under the Karen Neuburg er® trademark; and the right to manufacture, market and distribute footwear in Europe, Asia and the Middle East under the Coleman® trademark -- all pursuant to license arrangements with the respective trademark owners. All of the Company's licenses are long term and extend for three or more years with conditional renewal options, with the exception of the Karen Neuburger® license which expires in 2004. Pigskin leather produced by the Company's Wolverine Leathers Division is sold under the trademarks Wolverine Leathers®, Weather Tight® and All Season Weather Leathers.
The Company believes that its products are identified by consumers by its trademarks and that its trademarks are valuable assets. The Company is not aware of any infringing uses or any prior claims of ownership of its trademarks that could materially affect its current business. It is the policy of the Company to pursue registration of its primary marks whenever possible and to vigorously defend its trademarks against infringement or other threats to the greatest extent practicable under the laws of the United States and other countries. The Company also holds many design and utility patents, copyrights and various other proprietary rights. The Company protects all of its proprietary rights to the greatest extent practicable under applicable laws.
Order Backlog.
At March 22, 2003, the Company had a backlog of footwear orders of approximately $266 million compared with a backlog of approximately $233 million at March 23, 2002. Approximately 60 percent of the backlog is related to orders for products expected to be shipped in the third and fourth quarters of 2003 and the first quarter of 2004 and can be affected by the timing of customer requests for shipment of the ordered products. While orders in backlog are subject to cancellation by customers, the Company has not experienced significant cancellation of orders in the past and the Company expects that substantially all of the orders will be shipped in fiscal 2003. The backlog at a particular time is affected by a number of factors, including seasonality, retail conditions, product availability and the schedule for the manufacture and shipment of products. Accordingly, a comparison of backlog from period to period is not necessarily meaningful and may not be indicative of eventu al actual shipments.
Competition.
The Company's footwear lines are manufactured and marketed in a highly competitive environment. The Company competes with numerous domestic and foreign marketers, manufacturers and importers of footwear, some of which are larger and have greater resources than the Company. The Company's major competitors for its brands of footwear are located in the United States and Europe. The Company has at least ten major competitors in connection with the sale of its work shoes and boots, at least ten major competitors in connection with the sale of its sport boots, and at least thirty major competitors in connection with the sale of its casual, work and outdoor shoes. Product performance and quality, including technological improvements, product identity, competitive pricing, and the ability to adapt to style changes are all important elements of competition in the footwear markets served by the Company. The footwear industry in general is subject to changes in consumer preferences . The Company strives to maintain its competitive position through promotion of brand awareness, manufacturing efficiencies, its tannery operations, and the style, comfort and value of its products. Future sales by the Company will be affected by its continued ability to sell its products at competitive prices and to meet shifts in consumer preferences.
Because of the lack of reliable published statistics, the Company is unable to state with certainty its position in the footwear industry. Market shares in the non-athletic footwear industry are highly fragmented and no one company has a dominant market position.
Research and Development.
In addition to normal and recurring product development, design and styling activities, the Company engages in research and development related to new and improved materials for use in its branded footwear and other products and in the development and adaptation of new production techniques. The Company's continuing relationship with the Biomechanics Evaluation Laboratory at Michigan State University, for example, has led to specific biomechanical design concepts, such as Bounce®, DuraShocks® and Hidden Tracks® comfort technologies, that have been incorporated in the Company's footwear. While the Company continues to be a leading developer of footwear innovations, research and development costs do not represent a material portion of operating expenses.
Environmental Matters.
Compliance with federal, state and local provisions which have been enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment have not had, nor are they expected to have, any material effect on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company uses and generates certain substances and wastes that are regulated or may be deemed hazardous under certain federal, state and local regulations with respect to the environment. The Company from time to time works with federal, state and local agencies to resolve cleanup issues at various waste sites and other regulatory issues.
Employees.
As of December 28, 2002, the Company had approximately 4,426 domestic and foreign production, office and sales employees. Approximately 767 employees were covered by five union
Available Information.
Information about the Company is available at its website, http://www.wolverineworldwide.com. The Company makes available on or through its website, free of charge, the Company's annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports (along with certain other Company filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission) as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. These filings are also accessible on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Item 2. Properties.
The Company operates its domestic administration, sales and marketing operations primarily from an owned facility of approximately 225,000 square feet in Rockford, Michigan. The Company's manufacturing operations are primarily conducted at its owned Pigskin Tannery in Rockford, Michigan, and a combination of leased and owned footwear manufacturing facilities in Arkansas; Michigan; Monterey, Mexico; and the Dominican Republic. The Company operates its warehousing operations primarily through owned warehouses in Rockford, Michigan, totaling approximately 475,000 square feet, a leased warehouse in Cedar Springs, Michigan, of approximately 362,000 square feet and a leased warehouse in Howard City, Michigan, of approximately 350,000 square feet.
The Company also leases and owns various other offices and warehouses in the United States to meet its operational requirements. In addition, the Company's subsidiary, Hush Puppies Retail, Inc., operates retail stores through leases with various third-party landlords. International operations are conducted in Canada, England, and Europe through leased warehouses, offices and showrooms. The Company believes that its current facilities are suitable and adequate for its current needs.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
The Company is involved in litigation and various legal matters arising in the normal course of business, including certain environmental compliance activities. The Company has considered facts related to legal and regulatory matters and opinions of counsel handling these matters, and does not believe the ultimate resolution of such proceedings will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or future results of operations.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
No matter was submitted to a vote of security holders, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report.
Supplemental Item. Executive Officers of the Registrant.
The following table lists the names and ages of the Executive Officers of the Company as of December 28, 2002, and the positions presently held with the Company. The information provided below the table lists the business experience of each such Executive Officer during the past five years. All
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Name |
Age |
Positions held with the Company |
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Steven M. Duffy |
50 |
Executive Vice President and President, |
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Global Operations Group |
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V. Dean Estes |
53 |
Vice President and President, |
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Wolverine Footwear Group |
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|
Stephen L. Gulis, Jr. |
45 |
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial |
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|
|
Officer and Treasurer |
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|
Blake W. Krueger |
49 |
Executive Vice President, General Counsel |
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and Secretary |
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Timothy J. O'Donovan |
57 |
Chief Executive Officer and President |
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Nicholas P. Ottenwess |
40 |
Vice President of Finance and Corporate |
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Robert J. Sedrowski |
53 |
Vice President of Human Resources |
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James D. Zwiers |
35 |
Associate General Counsel and Assistant |
Steven M. Duffy has served the Company as Executive Vice President since April 1996 and is President of the Company's Global Operations Group. From 1993 to 1996 he served as Vice President. From 1989 to April 1993 he served in various senior manufacturing positions.
V. Dean Estes has served the Company as Vice President since 1995. Mr. Estes is also President of the Wolverine Footwear Group. Since he joined the Company in 1975, Mr. Estes has served in various positions relating to the sales, marketing and product development functions of the Company's work boot and shoe and related businesses.
Stephen L. Gulis, Jr., has served the Company as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since April 1996. From 1994 to April 1996 he served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. From 1993 to 1994 he served as Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller and from 1986 to 1993 he was the Vice President of Administration and Controller for the Hush Puppies Company.
Blake W. Krueger has served the Company as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since April 1996. From 1993 to April 1996 he served as General Counsel and Secretary. From 1985 to 1996 he was a partner with the law firm of Warner Norcross & Judd LLP.
Timothy J. O'Donovan has served the Company as Chief Executive Officer and President since April 2000. From 1996 to April 2000 he served as Chief Operating Officer and President. From 1982 to April 1996 he served as Executive Vice President.
Nicholas P. Ottenwess has served the Company as Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller since June 2001. From September 1997 to June 2001 he served as Corporate Controller. From 1993 to September 1997 he served as Vice President of Finance and Administration for The Hush Puppies Company.
Robert J. Sedrowski has served the Company as Vice President of Human Resources since October 1993. From 1990 to 1993 he served as Director of Human Resources.
James D. Zwiers has served the Company as Associate General Counsel and Assistant Secretary since January 1998. From 1995 to 1998 he was an attorney with the law firm of Warner Norcross & Judd LLP.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
Wolverine World Wide, Inc. common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Pacific Exchange under the symbol "WWW." The following table shows the high and low sales prices on the New York Stock Exchange and dividends declared by calendar quarter for 2002 and 2001. The number of stockholders of record on March 3, 2003, was 1,721.
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2002 |
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|
2001 |
|
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High |
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Low |
|
|
High |
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|
Low |
|
|
|
First quarter |
$ |
18.23 |
|
$ |
14.00 |
|
$ |
19.56 |
|
$ |
12.96 |
|
|
|
Second quarter |
|
19.25 |
|
|
15.80 |
|
|
18.49 |
|
|
13.30 |
|
|
|
Third quarter |
|
17.72 |
|
|
12.55 |
|
|
19.50 |
|
|
15.00 |
|
|
|
Fourth quarter |
|
17.24 |
|
|
13.42 |
|
|
16.98 |
|
|
12.25 |
|
|
|
Cash Dividends Declared Per Share: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
|
|
First quarter |
$ |
.045 |
|
|
$ |
.04 |
|
|
|
Second quarter |
|
.045 |
|
|
|
.04 |
|
|
|
Third quarter |
|
.045 |
|
|
|
.04 |
|
|
|
Fourth quarter |
|
.045 |
|
|
|
.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends of $.055 were declared in the first quarter of fiscal 2003. |
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See Item 12 for information with respect to the Company's equity compensation plans. |
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
Five-Year Operating and Financial Summary (1)
(Thousands of Dollars, Except Per Share Data)
|
|
2002 |
|
2001 |
|
2000 |
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
Summary of Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
$827,106 |
|
$720,066 |
|
$701,291 |
|
$665,576 |
|
$669,329 |
|
Net earnings |
47,912 |
|
45,240 |
|
10,690 |
|
32,380 |
|
41,651 |
|
Per share of common stock: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net earnings, as reported: (2) |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic |
$1.19 |
|
$1.11 |
|
$.26 |
|
$.80 |
|
$1.00 |
|
Diluted |
1.15 |
|
1.07 |
|
.26 |
|
.78 |
|
.97 |
|
Cash dividends declared |
.18 |
|
.16 |
|
.14 |
|
.12 |
|
.11 |
|
Financial Position at Year End |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
$531,994 |
|
$543,678 |
|
$494,568 |
|
$534,395 |
|
$521,478 |
|
Long-term debt |
72,915 |
|
90,848 |
|
92,194 |
|
139,201 |
|
161,650 |
Notes to Five-Year Operating and Financial Summary
|
1. |
This summary should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are attached as Appendix A to this Form 10-K. In particular, see the discussions of the 2000 realignment charge in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the $14.0 million realignment charge to exit the Company's Russian wholesale footwear operation as discussed in the Company's 1999 Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and business acquisitions in Note 12. |
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2. |
Basic earnings per share are based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year after adjustment for nonvested common stock. Diluted earnings per share assume the exercise of dilutive stock options and the vesting of all outstanding common stock. |
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Operations
Results of Operations--2002 Compared to 2001
Revenue of $827.1 million in 2002 increased $107.0 million (14.9%) as compared to $720.1 million in 2001, of which 10.0 percent of 2002 revenue was related to the European acquisitions discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements. On a combined basis, revenue for the Company's branded footwear businesses, consisting of The Hush Puppies Company, Wolverine Slippers, the Wolverine Footwear Group (comprised of the Wolverine®, Hytest®, Stanley®, Bates® and Harley-Davidson® brands), the Merrell Performance Footwear Group and the CAT Footwear Group, increased $101.4 million (15.7%) in 2002 compared to 2001. The Company's other business units, consisting of Hush Puppies Retail, Apparel and Accessory Licensing, Wolverine Leathers and Wolverine Procurement, reported an increase in revenue of $5.6 million (7.5%) in 2002 compared to 2001.
The Hush Puppies Company reported an increase in revenue of $2.2 million (1.7%) in 2002 compared to 2001. The increase was generated primarily from the Hush Puppies U.K. and Hush Puppies Canada wholesale operations as a result of expanded product distribution and heightened consumer demand. Hush Puppies International recorded a double-digit increase in revenue for 2002 as compared to 2001, reflecting strong licensing results in Germany, Mexico and Australia. Hush Puppies U.S. reported a middle single-digit decline in revenue for the full year of 2002 as compared with 2001, as management continued to execute the repositioning of the brand's product line, distribution channels and identity. Management believes these initiatives are taking hold as Hush Puppies U.S. reported a low single-digit increase in revenue for the second half of 2002 as compared to 2001. Wolverine Slippers' 2002 revenue decreased $2.8 million (7.3%) as a result of reduced retailer demand.
The Wolverine Footwear Group's revenue decreased $2.5 million (0.9%) in 2002 compared to 2001. Harley-Davidson Footwear reported double-digit revenue gains due to increased product demand from the Harley-Davidson® specialty retailer network and expanded distribution in the department store channel. Bates® also generated a double-digit increase in revenue as a result of fulfilling contractual orders from the Department of Defense and increased demand in the civilian sector. Wolverine® Boots and Shoes (including Hytest®) experienced a decline in revenue resulting from a planned exit and refocusing of underperforming product lines, a general softness in the industrial work boot market and a shift in product mix toward lower price point products. Stanley® Footgear reported a small reduction in revenue reflecting cautious inventory purchases made by its primary retail customer during the first three quarters of 2002.
Merrell Performance Footwear reported the sixth consecutive year of double-digit revenue growth, reflecting an increase of $45.0 million (33.3%) for 2002 when compared to 2001. The Merrell® U.S. footwear business accounted for approximately 70% of the increase as a result of strong consumer demand and the expansion of product offerings with existing footwear retailers. The Merrell® international businesses accounted for the remaining increase, posting double-digit revenue gains for 2002 as compared to 2001, benefiting from the full year results of the 2001 Merrell Europe acquisition.
The CAT Footwear Group recorded a $61.9 million (130.8%) increase in revenue for 2002 as compared to 2001. The European CAT® footwear business, which was acquired in January 2002, accounted for the increase. The CAT® footwear wholesale business in the U.S. reported a decrease in revenue for 2002 as compared to 2001. However, the CAT® U.S. business experienced a double-digit revenue increase in the second half of 2002 resulting from a new strategic brand plan focused on a younger lifestyle consumer. The CAT® international distribution business reported decreased revenue for 2002 as compared to 2001, reflecting a reduction of pairs sold in Mexico, South America and the Pacific Rim.
The Company's other business units reported a combined $5.6 million (7.5%) increase in revenue in 2002 compared to 2001. Hush Puppies Retail reported a $0.3 million (0.8%) increase in revenue in 2002 compared to 2001. Wolverine Leathers recorded an increase in 2002 revenue of $6.6 million. The increase related to both improved demand for Wolverine Performance Leathers from external branded footwear companies and third party contract manufacturers that produce footwear under the Company's branded labels. Wolverine Procurement reported a reduction in revenue of $1.2 million in 2002 compared to 2001. Revenue for Apparel and Accessory Licensing increased $0.2 million (7.9%) for 2002 compared to 2001.
Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 35.6% and 35.7% in 2002 and 2001, respectively. The margin decline in 2002 was primarily due to liquidating excess inventories as the Company refocused the product lines of its newly acquired European businesses. Excluding the European acquisitions, 2002 gross margins were 36.2% compared to 35.7% for 2001, a 50 basis point improvement, reflecting an improved mix of higher margin lifestyle products and improved margins from the Company's other business units. Gross margin dollars in 2002 increased $16.7 million or 6.5% to $273.7 million compared to $257.0 million in 2001. The gross margin percentage for the branded footwear businesses decreased to 35.2% in 2002 from 35.6% in 2001. The decrease in gross margins for the branded footwear businesses resulted primarily from the actions taken to liquidate excess inventory in the Company's newly acquired European businesses, as noted above. Excluding the European acquisitions, 2002 gro ss margins for the branded footwear businesses were 35.9% compared to 35.6% for 2001, a 30 basis point improvement, reflecting increased shipments of higher margin lifestyle products under the Merrell® and Harley-Davidson® brands. The gross margin percentage for the other business units increased to 39.2% in 2002 compared to 36.6% in 2001. The improvement in margins was primarily due to increased volume and improved efficiencies from the Wolverine Leathers operations and improvements reported by the Apparel and Accessory Licensing division.
Selling and administrative expenses of $217.2 million for 2002 increased $35.0 million (19.2%) from the 2001 level of $182.2 million and, as a percentage of revenue, increased to 26.3% in 2002 from 25.3% in 2001. The dollar change in selling and administrative expenses includes increases of $19.8 million related to the acquired European entities, $2.8 million related to increased employee benefit costs and $4.0 million in additional pension expense. The remaining $8.4 million relates to variable costs associated with the revenue increase.
Interest expense in 2002 was $6.7 million compared to $7.2 million in 2001. The decrease in interest expense reflects a reduction in senior notes outstanding due to principal payments made during the year and lower average borrowings and interest rates under the Company's revolving credit facility.
The change in other (income) expense primarily relates to the change in realized gains or losses on foreign currency transactions.
The Company's 2002 effective income tax rate of 32.9% compared to 34.0% for 2001. The decrease in the 2002 effective tax rate from 2001 relates to a higher percentage of income being generated in foreign jurisdictions with lower tax rates.
Net earnings of $47.9 million for 2002 compares to $45.2 million for 2001. Diluted earnings per share of $1.15 for 2002 compares to $1.07 for 2001. The non-amortization provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 142 apply to 2002 results and application of the non-amortization provisions to results for 2001 would have resulted in an increase in 2001 net earnings of $731,000 ($0.02 per share).
Results of Operations--2001 Compared to 2000
Revenue increased 2.7% to $720.1 million in 2001 compared to $701.3 million in 2000. On a combined basis, revenue for the Company's branded footwear businesses, consisting of the Casual Footwear Group (comprised of The Hush Puppies Company, the Children's Footwear Group, and the Wolverine Slipper Group), the Wolverine Footwear Group (comprised of the Wolverine® Boots and
The Casual Footwear Group reported a decrease in revenue of $12.0 million (6.4%) in 2001 compared to 2000. Revenue for the Hush Puppies Company decreased from 2000 levels as Hush Puppies U.S. experienced soft sales as a result of a weak retail environment. Many retailers remained reluctant to place reorders due to concerns about the economy and rising inventory levels. Hush Puppies Canada recorded a 4.6% increase in revenue due to the successful launch of Steps by Hush Puppies, a middle market product for men and women. Hush Puppies U.K. experienced a slight decline for the year due to the loss of its largest customer during the second quarter of 2001. This customer transitioned its business to the discount retail market, which is not serviced by the Company. The Children's Footwear Group experienced a decrease in revenue for 2001 as a result of losing several customers that exited the childrens' footwear business. Revenue for the Wolverine Slipper Group was genera lly consistent with 2000 levels.
The Wolverine Footwear Group's revenue increased $5.5 million (2.0%) in 2001 compared to 2000. Wolverine® Boots and Shoes, Harley-Davidson® and Stanley® footwear provided the increase with expanded distribution networks in 2001. In 2001, Stanley® footgear, a new footwear line for the Company as of the third quarter of 2000, expanded its distribution network to include the Hytest® mobile retail units in addition to its current distribution to Payless ShoeSource, Inc. These increases were partially offset by Bates®, which reported a 3.4% decrease in revenue from 2000, primarily due to the timing of contract awards for the Department of Defense. Also reporting a decrease in revenue was the HYTEST® work boot business. HYTEST® sells primarily to employees of large manufacturing companies that were adversely affected by the weakened economy.
The Performance Footwear Group reported record revenue, reflecting an increase of $28.5 million (18.5%) for 2001 compared to 2000. The Merrell® outdoor footwear business accounted for the increase as a result of strong consumer demand for the brand, new product offerings and expansion of its domestic and international distribution. Partially offsetting the Merrell® increase was a decrease in revenue reported by CAT® footwear due to retail account closings, weak retail performance and a decline in the European business.
The Company's other business units reported a combined $3.2 million (4.1%) decrease in revenue in 2001 compared to 2000. Wolverine Retail reported a $0.8 million (1.9%) increase in revenue in 2001 compared to 2000. Wolverine Procurement's revenue increased $2.4 million in 2001 over 2000 due to an increase in the market price for sow skins. These increases were offset by Wolverine Leathers, which recorded a $5.8 million decrease in revenue primarily as a result of a decline in production of Hush Puppies® and CAT® products worldwide. Revenue for Apparel and Accessory Licensing increased slightly for 2001 compared to 2000.
As discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, on July 12, 2000, the Company announced a strategic realignment of its global sourcing and manufacturing operations. In connection with this realignment, the Company closed manufacturing facilities in New York, Missouri, Canada, Puerto Rico and Costa Rica in the second half of 2000. A pre-tax charge to earnings of $45.0 million was recorded in 2000, of which $15.0 million was reflected in cost of products sold for inventory write-
The analysis in this paragraph excludes the realignment charge in 2000. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 35.7% and 34.1% in 2001 and 2000, respectively. Gross margin dollars in 2001 increased $18.0 million or 7.5% to $257.0 million compared to $239.0 million in 2000. The gross margin percentage for the branded footwear businesses increased to 35.6% in 2001 from 33.5% in 2000. The increase in gross margins for the branded footwear businesses resulted primarily from initial pricing margin improvements and benefits from the 2000 realignment discussed above. Additionally, increased shipments of higher margin Merrell® and Harley-Davidson® products improved the mix of overall margins. The gross margin percentage for the other business units decreased to 36.6% in 2001 compared to 38.5% in 2000, primarily due to a reduction in process efficiencies resulting from a decline in sales volume at Wolverine Leathers.
The analysis in this paragraph excludes the realignment charge in 2000. Selling and administrative expenses of $182.2 million for 2001 increased $12.8 million (7.6%) from the 2000 level of $169.4 million and, as a percentage of revenue, increased to 25.3% in 2001 from 24.2% in 2000. The change in selling and administrative expenses primarily includes increases of $2.2 million in advertising costs and $10.1 million in selling and administrative costs related to the expansion of the Merrell®, Harley-Davidson® and Stanley® brands.
Interest expense in 2001 was $7.2 million compared to $10.3 million in 2000. The decrease in interest expense reflected lower average borrowings and declining interest rates in 2001 compared to 2000.
The Company's 2001 effective income tax rate of 34.0% compared to 28.8% for 2000. The increase is due to income tax benefits from nontaxable earnings of foreign affiliates representing a smaller percentage of taxable income in 2001.
Net earnings were $45.2 million for 2001 compared to $10.7 million for 2000. Diluted earnings per share were $1.07 for 2001 compared to $0.26 for 2000. Excluding the 2000 realignment charges, net earnings were $40.5 million and diluted earnings per share were $0.97 for 2000.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Net cash provided by operating activities was $88.3 million in 2002 compared to $53.9 million in 2001. Cash of $20.6 million was generated from working capital in 2002, primarily related to the reduction in inventories, compared to $11.6 million that was used in 2001. Cash at December 28, 2002 was $27.1 million.
Accounts receivable of $156.3 million at December 28, 2002 increased $4.0 million, a 2.6% increase, from the $152.3 million balance at December 29, 2001. The accounts receivable balance at December 28, 2002 included $13.9 million relating to the acquired European businesses. Excluding the acquisitions, accounts receivable decreased by $11.5 million (7.6%) from the balance at December 29,
Inventories of $169.0 million at December 28, 2002 decreased $8.0 million (4.5%) from $177.0 million at December 29, 2001. Excluding the European acquisitions, which added $22.8 million of inventory as of December 28, 2002, total inventories decreased 16.6%. Significant decreases in inventories were experienced in Merrell® U.S., Wolverine® Boots and Shoes and Hush Puppies® U.S. resulting from an asset management program focused on improving inventory turns. Total inventory turns were 2.9 times in 2002, compared with 2.7 times in 2001. As of December 28, 2002, the Company's backlog was 19% higher than the prior year-end's level.
Accounts payable of $29.5 million at December 28, 2002 increased $1.1 million (4.2%) over the $28.4 million balance at December 29, 2001. Other accrued liabilities of $35.6 million at December 28, 2002 reflected a $4.6 million (14.7%) increase from the $31.0 million balance at December 29, 2001. The increases in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities compared to the 2001 level were primarily attributable to the European CAT® footwear business acquired in 2002.
Additions to property, plant and equipment were $13.9 million in 2002 compared to $11.3 million in 2001. The majority of capital expenditures were for information system enhancements, distribution equipment and building improvements. Depreciation and amortization expense of $16.9 million in 2002 compares to $17.6 million in 2001. The Company leases machinery, equipment and certain warehouse, office and retail store space under operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through 2018.
The Company has a long-term revolving credit agreement that expires in May 2006 and allows for borrowings up to $150.0 million, of which $10.0 million is allocated for the Company's Canadian subsidiary. Of the remaining $140.0 million facility, $35.0 million can be used by the Company's European subsidiaries. The revolving credit facility is used to support working capital requirements. Proceeds from existing credit facilities and anticipated renewals, along with cash flows from operations, are expected to be sufficient to meet capital needs in the forseeable future. Any excess cash flows from operating activities are expected to be used to purchase property, plant and equipment, pay down existing debt, fund growth initiatives, pay dividends and repurchase the Company's common stock.
Long-term debt, including current maturities, of $72.9 million at the end of 2002, decreased $17.9 million from the $90.8 million balance at the end of 2001. The decrease in debt was the result of annual principal payments on senior notes and the reduction of revolving working capital debt. The Company had commercial letter of credit facilities outstanding of $8.4 million and $18.4 million at the end of 2002 and 2001, respectively. The decrease in letters of credit is due to transitioning a majority of footwear suppliers to open account. Total debt to total capital ratio for the Company was 16.5% in 2002 and 19.6% in 2001.
Assets held for exchange in the amount of $4.7 million represent barter credits that were acquired in exchange for inventories in December 1997. Such credits are redeemable through 2005 for a percentage of supplies purchased from certain vendors. The Company evaluates the recoverability of such assets on a quarterly basis and expects to utilize all available credits prior to their expiration. Barter credits of $3.2 million have been utilized through December 28, 2002.
The Company has significant pension benefit costs and credits that are developed from actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates and expected returns on plan assets. The Company is required to consider market conditions, including changes in interest rates, in selecting these assumptions. Pre-tax charges resulting from the Company's qualified defined benefit pension plans, excluding the effect of special termination gains and expenses, increased $4.0 million ($0.06 per share) for 2002 when compared to 2001 due to market conditions and declining interest rates that adversely affected asset values of plan investments and the Company's estimated accumulated benefit obligation. As a result of these factors, the Company estimates that pre-tax charges relating to its qualified defined benefit pension plans will increase by an additional $7.1 million (approximately $0.11 per share) in fiscal 2003 as compared to fiscal 2002. Also, based on the decline in the market valuation of the pension assets, the Company recorded an additional minimum pension liability in the 2002 fourth quarter that resulted in a $25.3 million net change to the other comprehensive loss component of stockholders' equity. This adjustment had no impact on the net earnings or cash flows of the Company.
Applying SFAS 87 and SFAS 132, the Company's qualified pension plans were underfunded by $17.6 million in 2002 and overfunded by $9.1 million in 2001. However, under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), the Wolverine Employees' Pension Plan (representing 92% of the Company's pension benefit obligation) had no minimum funding requirements. A $2.1 million cash contribution was made in 2002 to provide long-term stability to the plan. No contributions were made in 2001. The Company also maintains three separate defined benefit pension plans for certain bargaining units and hourly employees (representing 8% of the Company's pension benefit obligation) which required funding of $0.4 million in 2002 and $0.5 million in 2001 under ERISA.
Effective October 3, 2000, the Company's Board of Directors approved a common stock repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to 2.0 million shares of common stock over 24 months. This program expired on October 3, 2002 with 1,476,300 shares ($22.8 million in market price) repurchased during 2002 and 1,971,800 total cumulative shares ($29.6 million in market price) repurchased under the program. Effective August 19, 2002, the Company's Board of Directors approved an additional common stock repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of an additional 2.0 million shares of common stock over a 24-month period. There were 569,800 shares ($9.0 million in market price) repurchased during fiscal 2002 under the program. The primary purpose of these stock repurchase programs is to increase stockholder value. The Company intends to continue to repurchase shares of its common stock in open market transactions, from time to time, depending upon market conditions and othe r factors.
The Company declared dividends of $7.2 million in 2002, or $0.18 per share, which reflected a 12.5% increase over the $6.6 million, or $0.16 per share, declared in 2001. On February 18, 2003, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.055 per share of common stock, an increase of 22.2% as compared to the same period of 2002. The quarterly dividend is payable on May 1, 2003, to stockholders of record on April 1, 2003.
On January 16, 2002, the Company acquired, through a newly formed subsidiary, Wolverine Europe Limited, certain assets totaling $21.2 million and assumed certain liabilities of $8.5 million of the European CAT® footwear business from Overland Group Limited of London, England. Cash and other consideration paid totalled $27.8 million, resulting in goodwill of $15.1 million after allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. On October 17, 2001, the Company acquired, through a newly formed subsidiary,
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an on-going basis, management evaluates these estimates. Estimates are based on historical experience, when available, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Management believes that an understanding of the following critical accounting policies is important to an overall understanding of the consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
The Company records provisions against gross revenue for estimated stock returns and cash discounts in the period when the related revenue is recorded. These estimates are based on factors that include, but are not limited to, historical stock returns, historical discounts taken, analysis of credit memorandum activity and customer demand. Corporate management evaluates the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, discounts and stock returns based on a review of current customer status and historical collection experience. At December 28, 2002 and December 29, 2001, management believes that it has provided sufficient reserves to address future collection uncertainties.
INVENTORY
The Company values its inventory using actual costs on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis for the majority of its inventory and a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis for foreign, retail and certain other domestic inventories, less allowances to reflect the lower of cost or market. The Company reduces the value of its inventories to the lower of cost or market for excess or obsolete inventories based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory quantities are verified at various times throughout the year by performing physical and perpetual inventory cycle count procedures.
INCOME TAXES
The Company operates in multiple tax jurisdictions both inside and outside the United States. Accordingly, management must determine the appropriate allocation of income in accordance with local law for each of these jurisdictions. The Company believes its tax accruals are adequate to cover exposures related to changes in income allocation between tax jurisdictions. The carrying value of the Company's deferred tax assets assumes that the Company will be able to generate sufficient taxable income in future years to utilize these deferred tax assets. If these assumptions change, the Company may be required to record valuation allowances against its gross deferred tax assets in future years. Management evaluates the potential for realizing gross deferred tax assets and assesses the need for valuation allowances on a quarterly basis. The Company did not record a valuation allowance in 2002, 2001 or 2000.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As of the beginning of fiscal 2001, the Company adopted SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS Nos. 137 and 138. These provisions require the Company to recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings. If a derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings.
The Company conducts wholesale operations outside of the United States in Europe and Canada where the functional currencies are primarily the British Pound, Canadian Dollar and euro. The Company utilizes foreign currency forward exchange contracts to manage the volatility associated with foreign currency inventory purchases made by non-U.S. wholesale operations in the normal course of business. At December 28, 2002 and December 29, 2001, the Company had outstanding forward currency exchange contracts to purchase $24.0 million and $9.0 million, respectively, of various currencies (principally U. S. dollars) with maturities ranging up to 180 days.
The Company also has production facilities in the Dominican Republic and Mexico where financial statements are prepared in the functional currency of the U.S. dollar; however, operating costs are paid in the local currencies. Revenue from products sold in foreign countries under distribution arrangements are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, royalty revenue generated by the Company from third party foreign licensees are measured in the licensees' local currencies. Accordingly, the Company could be subject to related foreign currency remeasurement gains and losses in 2003 and beyond.
Assets and liabilities outside the United States are primarily located in Canada, the United Kingdom and The Netherlands. The Company's investments in foreign subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are generally considered long-term. Accordingly, the Company does not hedge these net investments. For the year ended December 28, 2002, the strengthening of foreign currencies increased the value of these investments in net assets by $6.1 million. This gain resulted in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments at December 28, 2002 of $3.1 million that are deferred and recorded as a separate component of stockholders' equity.
Because the Company markets, sells and licenses its products throughout the world, it could be significantly affected by weak economic conditions in foreign markets that could reduce demand for its products.
The Company is exposed to changes in interest rates primarily as a result of its long-term debt requirements. The Company's interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the effect of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to effectively manage overall borrowing costs. To achieve its objectives, the Company maintains substantially all fixed-rate debt to take advantage of lower relative interest rates currently available and finances seasonal working capital needs with variable-rate debt. The Company has not historically utilized interest rate swaps or similar hedging arrangements to fix interest rates; however, in 1998 the Company entered into an interest rate lock agreement to fix the interest rate prior to the issuance of 6.5% senior notes in the amount of $75 million. The contract was settled in 1998 and resulted in a prepayment of $2.2 million that is being amortized over the term of the senior notes. The amort ization of the prepayment creates an effective interest rate of 6.78% on the senior notes.
The following table lists required principal payments and related interest rates for the Company's short- and long-term debt by fiscal year of maturity. For foreign currency-denominated debt, the information is presented in U.S. dollar equivalents. Variable interest rates are based on the weighted average rates of the portfolio at the respective consolidated balance sheet dates.
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2002 |
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2001 |
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There- |
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Fair |
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Fair |
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(Millions of Dollars, except percentages) |
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Denominated in U.S. Dollars: |
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Fixed rate |
$15.0 |
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$15.0 |
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$10.7 |
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$10.7 |
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$10.7 |
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$10.8 |
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$72.9 |
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$77.5 |
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$87.9 |
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$88.2 |
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Average interest rate |
6.9 |
% |
6.9 |
% |
6.5 |
% |
6.5 |
% |
6.5 |
% |
6.5 |
% |
6.7 |
% |
-- |
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6.7 |
% |
-- |
At December 29, 2001, variable rate debt totaling $2.9 million denominated in British Pounds Sterling was outstanding at an average interest rate of 4.8%. The fair value of these borrowings approximated carrying value.
The Company does not enter into contracts for speculative or trading purposes, nor is it a party to any leveraged derivative instruments. The Company's future contractual obligations for agreements with initial terms greater than one year are summarized as follows (millions of dollars):
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Payment Period |
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2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
Thereafter |
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Long-term debt |
$15.0 |
$15.0 |
$10.7 |
$10.7 |
$10.7 |
$10.8 |
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Operating leases |
7.9 |
6.7 |
5.9 |
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