SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
|X| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
OR
| | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-11862
INTERPOOL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in the
charter)
|
DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization) |
13-3467669 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
211 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
(609) 452-8900
(Registrant's telephone number including area code)
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
Title of Each Class
COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $.001
9.25% CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes /_/ No /X/
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. /X/
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in the Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes /X/ No /_/
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $170,693,162 as of July 30, 2004.
At July 30, 2004, there were 27,378,846 shares of the registrants Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None
INTERPOOL, INC.
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Item | Page |
PART I
| ITEM 1. ITEM 2. ITEM 3. ITEM 4. |
BUSINESS PROPERTIES LEGAL PROCEEDINGS SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
1 21 22 23 |
PART II
| ITEM 5. ITEM 6. ITEM 7. ITEM 7A. ITEM 8. ITEM 9. ITEM 9A. |
MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
23 25 27 62 65 124 124 |
PART III
| ITEM 10. ITEM 11. ITEM 12. ITEM 13. ITEM 14. |
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES |
130 134 145 148 152 |
PART IV
| ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K | 153 |
| SIGNATURES | 164 |
PART I
| ITEM 1. | BUSINESS |
General
(Unless otherwise indicated, all fleet statistics including the size of the fleet, utilization of the leasing equipment or the rental rates per day that are set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K exclude the information of our 50%-owned consolidated subsidiary Container Applications International, Inc. (CAI). The market share, ranking and other data contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based either on our managements own estimates, independent industry publications, reports by market research firms or other published independent sources and, in each case, are believed by management to be reasonable estimates. However, market share data is subject to change and cannot always be verified with certainty due to limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties inherent in any statistical survey of market shares. As a result, you should be aware that market share, ranking and other similar data set forth herein, and estimates and beliefs based on such data, might not be reliable.)
We believe we are the largest lessor of intermodal chassis in North America and one of the worlds leading lessors of intermodal dry freight standard containers. At December 31, 2003, our chassis fleet totaled approximately 208,000 chassis and our container fleet totaled approximately 870,000 twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). From 1998 to 2003, we increased the size of our chassis fleet at a compound annual rate of 22%, primarily as the result of the chassis fleet acquired during 2000 from the North American Intermodal Division of Transamerica Leasing, Inc. (TA), and the purchase and leaseback of approximately 20,000 chassis with a shipping line customer during 2001 and 2002. During the period from 1998 to 2003, we increased our container fleet at a compound annual rate of 12%.
We concentrate on leasing equipment to our customers on a long-term basis (leases for a term greater than one year). Substantially all of our new equipment is initially leased for terms of five to eight years and approximately 79% of our total fleet of chassis and 82% of our total fleet of containers are currently on long-term lease. We believe our focus on long-term leasing has enabled us to:
| | Maintain high utilization rates of our equipment, which over the last five years averaged 99% for containers and 95% for chassis; |
| | Achieve more stable and predictable earnings; and |
| | Concentrate on the expansion of our asset base through the purchase and lease of new equipment to fulfill specific orders for new long-term leases. |
Approximately 21% of our chassis are currently leased on a short-term basis to satisfy customers peak or seasonal requirements, generally at higher rates than under long-term leases. For customers who require daily or weekly chassis rentals, we operate chassis pools at major domestic shipping ports and terminals. These chassis pools consist of our chassis as well as those of our customers.
Approximately 18% of our containers are currently leased on a short-term basis. Our 50%-owned consolidated subsidiary, CAI, markets our containers available for short-term leasing as part of its fleet, facilitating redeployment of our containers at the end of long-term leases. Our relationship with CAI maximizes utilization of our container fleet and increases our influence in the marketplace by giving us one of the worlds largest container lessor fleets on a combined basis. At December 31, 2003, CAI had a container fleet of approximately 535,000 TEU. Approximately 193,000 TEU were owned by CAI with the remaining 342,000 TEU managed for others. CAIs managed equipment included approximately 155,000 TEU that were managed for us.
We and our predecessors have been involved in the business of leasing transportation equipment since 1968. We lease our chassis and containers to a diversified customer base of over 600 shipping and transportation customers throughout the world, including all of the worlds 30 largest international container shipping lines and major North American railroads. We provide customer service and market to our customers through a worldwide network of offices and agents. We believe one of the key factors in our ability to compete effectively has been the long-standing relationships that we have established with most of the worlds large shipping lines and major North American railroads. As a result of these relationships, 7 of our top 10 customers have been customers for at least 10 years.
Industry Overview
The fundamental components of intermodal transportation are the chassis and the container. When a container vessel arrives in port, each marine container is loaded onto a chassis or rail car. Most containers are constructed of steel in accordance with recommendations of the International Standards Organization (ISO). The basic container type is the general-purpose dry freight standard container which measures 20 or 40 feet long, 8 feet wide and 8 1/2 or 9 1/2 feet high. In general, 20-foot containers are used to carry heavy, dense cargo loads (such as industrial parts and certain food products) and operate in areas where transport facilities are less developed, while 40-foot containers are used for lighter weight finished goods (such as apparel, electronic appliances and other consumer goods) in areas with better developed transport facilities. A chassis is a rectangular, wheeled steel frame, generally 23 1/2 or 40 feet in length, built specifically for the purpose of transporting a container. Once mounted, the chassis and container are the functional equivalent of a trailer. When mounted on a chassis, the container may be trucked either to its final destination or to a railroad terminal for loading onto a rail car. Similarly, a container shipped by rail may be transferred to a chassis to travel over-the-road to its final destination. As the use of containers has become a predominant factor in the intermodal movement of cargo, the chassis has become a prerequisite for the domestic segment of the journey. A chassis seldom travels permanently with a single container, but instead serves as a transport vehicle for containers that are loaded or unloaded at ports or railroad terminals. Because of differing international road regulations and non-uniformity of international standards for chassis, chassis used in the United States are seldom used in other countries.
Containers provide a secure and cost-effective method of transporting finished goods and component parts because they are generally freely interchangeable between different modes of transport, making it possible to move cargo from a point of origin to a final destination without the repeated unpacking and repacking of the goods required by traditional shipping methods. The same container may be carried successively on a ship, rail car and chassis and across international borders with minimal customs formalities. Containerization is more efficient, more economical and safer in the transportation of cargo than break bulk transport in which the goods are unpacked and repacked at various intermediate points en route to their final destination. By eliminating manual repacking operations when differing modes of transportation are used, containerization reduces freight and labor costs. In addition, automated handling of containers permits faster loading and unloading and more efficient utilization of transportation equipment, thereby reducing transit time. The protection provided by sealed containers also reduces damage to goods and loss and theft of goods during shipment. Containers may also be picked up, dropped off, stored and repaired at independent common user depots located throughout the world.
The adoption of uniform standards for containers in 1968 by the ISO precipitated a rapid growth of the container industry; as shipping companies recognized the advantages of containerization over traditional break bulk transportation of cargo. This growth resulted in substantial investments in containers, container ships, port facilities, chassis, specialized rail cars and handling equipment.
Between 1990 and 2002, worldwide container traffic at the worlds major ports has grown at a compound annual rate of 10.1%, calculated using the Containerization International Yearbook of 1992 and 2004.
The demand for containers is influenced primarily by the volume of international and domestic trade. In recent years, however, the rate of growth in the container industry has exceeded that of world trade as a whole due to several factors, including:
| | The existence of geographical trade imbalances; |
| | The trend in outsourcing manufacturing to lower labor rate areas; |
| | The expansion of shipping lines; |
| | The growing reliance by manufacturers on "just-in-time" delivery methods; and |
| | Increased exports by technologically advanced countries of component parts for assembly in other countries and the subsequent re-importation of finished products. |
In recent years, domestic railroads and trucking lines have begun actively marketing intermodal services for the domestic transportation of freight. We believe that this trend should serve to accelerate the growth of intermodal transportation resulting in increased chassis and container demand.
The Leasing Market
Leasing companies own a significant portion of North Americas chassis and of the worlds container fleet, with the balance owned predominantly by shipping lines and railroads according to our estimates. Leasing companies have maintained this market position because container shipping lines and railroads receive both financial and operational benefits by leasing a portion of their equipment. The principal benefits of leasing are the following:
| | Provide shipping lines and railroads with an alternative source of financing in a traditionally capital-intensive industry; |
| | Enable shipping lines and railroads to expand their routes and market shares at a relatively inexpensive cost without making a permanent commitment to support their new structure; |
| | Enable shipping lines and railroads to benefit from leasing companies relationships with equipment manufacturers; |
| | Enable shipping lines and railroads to accommodate seasonal use and/or geographic concentration, thereby limiting their capital investment and storage costs; and |
| | Enable shipping lines and railroads to maintain an optimal mix of equipment types in their fleets |
Because of these benefits, container shipping lines and railroads generally obtain a significant portion of their container and chassis fleets from leasing companies, either on short-term or long-term leases. Short-term leases provide considerable operational flexibility in allowing a customer to pick up and drop off equipment at various locations at any time. However, customers pay for this flexibility in the form of substantially higher lease rates for short-term leases and drop-off charges for the privilege of returning equipment to certain locations. Many short-term leases are master leases, under which a customer reserves the right to lease a certain number of containers or chassis as needed under a general agreement between the lessor and the lessee. Long-term leases provide the lessee with advantageous pricing structures, but usually contain an early termination provision allowing the lessee to return equipment prior to expiration of the lease only upon payment of an early termination fee or a retroactive increase in lease payments.
Business Strategy
Our objective is to continue to expand on our market position as a leading long-term lessor of intermodal transportation equipment. To achieve this objective, we intend to continue to:
| | Focus on our core business of domestic chassis and international marine container leasing. Our strong market position in the chassis and container leasing businesses provide us with economies of scale that benefit our customers. Our equipment and operations are located worldwide to meet our domestic and international customers needs in a timely manner. In addition, we are able to focus our management and financial resources to compete effectively for equipment leasing requirements of all quantities. |
| | Concentrate on long-term leasing to achieve high utilization rates and to minimize the impact of economic cycles on earnings. We concentrate on long-term leases in order to minimize the impact of economic cycles on our revenues and to achieve high utilization and more stable and predictable earnings. The lower rate of turnover provided by long-term leases enables us to concentrate on the expansion of our asset base through the purchase and lease of new equipment, rather than on the repeated re-marketing of our existing fleet. |
| | Re-marketing of equipment when returned by lessees. When long-term leases reach their termination date, we make every effort to extend the lease with the customer that originally leased the equipment, or in lieu of that, to lease the equipment to another customer for an extended term. The equipment may also be made available to our 50%-owned consolidated subsidiary, CAI, which manages our containers in the short-term marketplace. This allows us to maintain our focus on long term leasing while CAI expands its fleet of equipment that it manages for us and for others, providing CAI with further economies of scale. |
| | Purchase chassis and containers to fulfill specific customer orders. We generally purchase new equipment to fulfill new long-term lease orders. |
| | Make strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses and asset portfolios on an opportunistic and financially disciplined basis. We intend to continue to review acquisition opportunities whenever asset prices and market conditions are favorable. |
Historically, we have regularly entered into new long-term lease transactions with shipping lines and other customers as market conditions warranted. During the second half of 2003, however, notwithstanding strong conditions in the leasing markets, we entered into a limited number of new lease transactions, due to the reduced availability of new financings which resulted from our restatement of our financial results from 2000, 2001 and 2002, the related Audit Committee and Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) investigations, and the resulting delay in completion of our audited financial statements and filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002. We successfully completed several financings during late 2003 and the first seven months of 2004, including $44.5 million during December 2003, $81.6 million during March 2004, $14.6 million during May 2004 and $15.0 million during July 2004. In addition, we are currently evaluating a number of secured financing proposals for growth and for re-financing existing facilities.
Operations
We offer our customers both operating leases and direct finance leases to satisfy customer preference and demand. In most cases, a direct finance lease provides the customer the opportunity to acquire ownership of the equipment.
Lease rentals are typically calculated on a per diem basis, regardless of the term of the lease. Our leases generally provide for monthly or quarterly billing and require payment by the lessee within 30 to 60 days after presentation of an invoice. Generally, the lessee is responsible for payment of all taxes and other charges arising out of use of the equipment and must carry specified amounts of insurance to cover physical damage to and loss of equipment, as well as bodily injury and property damage to third parties. In addition, our leases usually require lessees to repair any damage to the chassis and containers. Lessees are also required to indemnify us against our losses arising from accidents or similar occurrences involving the leased equipment. Our leases generally provide for pick-up, drop-off and other charges and set forth a list of locations where lessees may pick-up or return equipment.
Long-term leases provide the lessee with advantageous pricing structures, but usually contain an early termination provision allowing the lessee to return equipment prior to expiration of the lease only upon payment of an early termination fee or a retroactively applied increase in lease payments. We experience minimal early returns of our equipment under our long-term leases, primarily because of the penalties involved. Generally, such customers must return all equipment covered by the particular long-term lease being terminated, usually totaling several hundred units, and bear substantial costs related to their repositioning and repair.
Frequently, a lessee will desire to retain long-term leased equipment well beyond the initial lease term. In these cases, long-term leases will be renewed at the then prevailing market rate, either for one or more additional one-year periods or as part of a short-term agreement. In some cases, the customer has the right to purchase the equipment at the end of a long-term lease.
Chassis Pools. For customers who require daily or weekly chassis rentals, we operate chassis pools at most of the major port authorities and terminal operations throughout the United States. These chassis pools consist of our chassis and those of our customers. The principal ports in the United States where we operate chassis pools are Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Houston, New York, Newark, Norfolk, Long Beach, Oakland, and Savannah. We also operate chassis pools at railroad locations within the United States.
Chassis Equipment Tracking and Billing. We use an internet accessible proprietary computer software system to enable sophisticated equipment tracking and billing and to provide a central operating database that coordinates our chassis leasing and chassis pooling activities. The system processes information received electronically from our regional offices. The system records the movement and status of each chassis and links that information with the complex data comprising the specific lease terms in order to generate billings to lessees. In 2003, more than 163,000 movement transactions per month were processed on average through the system, which is capable of tracking revenue on a chassis by chassis basis. The system also generates a wide range of management reports containing information on all aspects of our leasing activities.
Depots. We and our 50% owned consolidated subsidiary, CAI, operate in all major transportation markets throughout the world. Depots are facilities owned by third parties at which containers, chassis and other items of transportation equipment are stored, maintained and repaired. We retain independent agents at these depots to handle and inspect equipment delivered to or returned by lessees, to store equipment that is not leased and to handle maintenance and repairs of chassis and containers. Some agents are paid a fixed monthly retainer to defray recurring operating expenses and some are guaranteed a minimum level of commission income. In addition, we generally reimburse our agents for incidental expenses.
Logistic Support. Our worldwide network of offices and relationships and our industry experience enables us to provide logistic services in order to facilitate the movement of chassis and containers to meet our customers needs.
Repositioning and Related Expenses. If lessees return large numbers of equipment to a location with a larger supply than demand, we may incur expenses in repositioning the equipment to a more favorable location. Repositioning expenses generally range between $25 and $750 per unit, depending on geographic location, distance and other factors, and may not be fully covered by the drop-off charge collected from the lessee. In connection with necessary repositioning, we may also incur storage costs, which generally range between $.20 and $3.10 per unit per day. In addition, we bear certain operating expenses associated with our chassis and containers, such as:
| | The costs of maintenance and repairs not required to be made by lessees; |
| | Agent fees; |
| | Depot expenses for handling; |
| | Inspection and storage; and |
| | Any insurance coverage in excess of that maintained by the lessee. |
Maintenance, Repairs and Refurbishment. As chassis and containers age, the need for maintenance increases, and they may eventually require extensive maintenance. Our customers are generally responsible for maintenance and repairs of equipment other than normal wear and tear. When normal wear and tear of equipment is extensive, the equipment may have to undergo a major repair including a refurbishment or remanufacture. Refurbishing and remanufacturing of chassis involves substantial cost, but remanufacture or refurbishment costs are substantially less than the cost of purchasing a new chassis. In the past we also refurbished containers, but recently it has not been cost effective to do so.
Disposition of Chassis and Container Residual Values. On an ongoing basis, we sell equipment that was previously leased. The decision whether to sell depends on the equipments condition, remaining useful life and suitability for continued leasing or for other uses, as well as prevailing local market resale prices and an assessment of the economic benefits of repairing and continuing to lease the equipment compared to the benefits of selling. Pursuant to our relationship with CAI, containers that have come off long-term lease and have been designated for short-term leasing (not including renewals with existing lessees) are generally provided to CAI for deployment in CAIs fleet. For such containers, CAI pays us its average total fleet per diem rate (net of operating expenses) less a management fee. This payment may be subject to reduction to the extent the average age of the Interpool containers exceeds the average age of the CAI containers. Containers made available for short-term leasing under our agreement with CAI are reported by us as fully utilized. Containers are also sold to shipping or transportation companies for continued use in the intermodal transportation industry or to secondary market buyers, such as wholesalers, depot operators, mini storage operators, construction companies and others, for use as storage sheds and similar structures. Because old chassis are more easily remanufactured than old containers, chassis are less likely to be sold than containers.
At the time of sale, the residual value of a container or chassis will depend upon, among other factors, mechanical or economic obsolescence, the current newly manufactured equipment price, its physical condition and location. While there have been no major technological advances in the short history of containerization that have made active equipment obsolete, several changes in standards have decreased the demand for older equipment, such as the increase in the standard height of containers from 8 feet to 8 1/2 feet in the early 1970s.
Sources of Supply. Over 90% of the worlds container production occurs in China. Although, most chassis used in the United States have been manufactured domestically, China began producing ISO standard chassis for the U.S. market in 2003.
When manufacturing is complete, new chassis and containers are inspected to insure that they conform to applicable standards of the International Standards Organization and other international self-regulatory bodies, as well as our internal standards.
PoolStatTM Chassis Pool Management
Our proprietary internet-based chassis management system is called PoolStatTM. PoolStatTM has enabled us to operate, on a cooperative basis, pools of chassis that are owned by us and by shipping lines. Using this program, shipping lines and railroads can pool their chassis at common locations such as marine terminals and railroad depots. Our PoolStatTM software compiles data from each location and reports on levels of chassis contribution as compared to levels of chassis usage by each shipping line in the cooperative pool. In addition, the centralized maintenance and repair feature improves service levels to customers and we receive a management fee.
PoolStatTM provides several benefits to customers, including allowing customers to:
| | Maintain lower overall inventory requirement at each location; |
| | Decrease maintenance, repair and other operating expenses; |
| | Improve equipment control capabilities; |
| | Reduce the time and expense of managing a chassis fleet; and |
| | Participate in cooperative pool net revenues. |
By providing the PoolStatTM service, we are able to forge closer relationships with our customers for both short-term and long-term leasing opportunities. There are now approximately 220,000 chassis under PoolStatTM management and we are continuing to seek opportunities to increase its level of business. We believe that PoolStatTM is the leading provider of chassis management tools in the United States.
Marketing and Customers
We lease our chassis and containers to over 600 shipping and transportation companies throughout the world, including all of the worlds 30 largest international container shipping lines and major North American railroads. The customers for our chassis are a large number of domestic companies, many of which are domestic subsidiaries or branches of international shipping lines to which we also lease containers. With a network of offices and agents covering major ports in the United States, Europe and the Far East, we have been able to supply containers in nearly all locations requested by our customers. As of December 31, 2003, our top 25 customers represented approximately 74% of our consolidated net billing, with no single customer accounting for more than 7.7%.
Credit Process
We perform detailed credit risk analysis on our customers. Our credit policy sets different maximum exposure limits depending on our relationship and previous experience with each customer. Credit criteria may include, but are not limited to, customer trade route, country, social and political climate, assessments of net worth, asset ownership, bank and trade credit references, credit bureau reports, operational history and financial strength.
We have sought to reduce credit risk by maintaining insurance coverage against customer insolvency and related equipment losses. Through January 31, 2002 we maintained contingent physical damage, recovery/repatriation and loss of revenue insurance, which provided coverage in the event of a customers insolvency, bankruptcy or default giving rise to our demand for return of all of our equipment. The policy covered the cost of recovering our equipment from the customer, including repositioning cost, damage to the equipment and the value of equipment which could not be located or was uneconomical to recover. It also covered a portion of the lease revenues that we might lose as a result of the customers default (i.e., up to 180 days of lease payments following an occurrence under the policy). The premium rates and deductibles for this type of insurance have increased as a result of our higher claim experience and that of the industry. As a result, effective March 1, 2003, we obtained a new policy covering similar occurrences for a twelve-month period. The new coverage decreased the recoverable amount per occurrence to $9 million as compared to $35 million in our previous policy and increased the deductible per occurrence from $0.4 million to $3 million. This coverage has since been extended to March 31, 2005. There can be no assurance that this or similar coverage will be available in the future or that such insurance will cover the entirety of any loss.
Competition
There are many companies leasing intermodal transportation equipment with which we compete. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources than we do, or are subsidiaries or divisions of much larger companies. Historically, there has been consolidation in the container leasing business resulting from several acquisitions. The result of the consolidation has been fewer lessors, a more rational industry and a stabilizing pricing environment.
In addition, the containerized shipping industry, which we service, competes with providers of alternative methods of transporting goods, such as by air, truck and rail. We believe that in most instances these alternative methods are not as cost-effective as the shipping of containerized cargo.
Because rental rates for chassis and containers are not subject to regulation by any government authority but are determined principally by the demand for and supply of equipment in each geographical area, price is one of the principal methods by which we compete. In times of low demand and excess supply, leasing companies tend to grant price concessions, such as free days or pick-up credits, in order to keep their equipment on lease and to avoid storage charges. We attempt to design lease packages tailored to the requirements of individual customers and consider our long-term relationships with customers to be important to our ability to compete effectively. We also compete on the basis of our ability to deliver equipment in a timely manner in accordance with customer requirements.
Relationship with CAI
We own a 50% common equity interest in CAI, which we acquired in April 1998. CAI owns and leases its own fleet of containers and also manages, for a fee, containers owned by us and by third parties. We pay CAI a fee for managing our equipment and leasing it on our behalf based on the net operating income of CAIs fleet of owned, leased and managed containers and the portion of CAIs fleet that consists of our equipment. We entered into our operating relationship with CAI primarily to facilitate the leasing in the short-term market of containers coming off long-term lease, to gain access to new companies looking to lease containers on a long term basis and to realize cost efficiencies from the operation of a coordinated container lease marketing group. The marketing group, which is organized as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Interpool, is responsible for soliciting container lease business for both Interpool and CAI, including long-term and direct finance lease business and short-term lease business on master lease agreements. We have a right to purchase all long-term and direct finance lease business generated by the marketing group, subject to offering to CAI, at cost, 10% of this long-term and direct finance lease business. By mutual agreement, CAI has purchased for its own account long-term and direct finance lease business the marketing group has generated in excess of such amount. In addition, on occasion, we have entered into transactions with CAI pursuant to which we have acquired equipment, and the related leases, from CAI on terms that resulted in a profit for CAI.
The 50% equity interest in CAI not held by us is owned by CAIs chief executive officer. Under the terms of a Shareholder Agreement we entered into in 1998 with CAIs chief executive officer, because an initial public offering for the registration and sale of CAIs common stock was not initiated before April 2003, CAIs chief executive officer has the right to request an independent valuation of CAI. An independent valuation of CAI has not been requested. If such an independent valuation of CAI were to be requested, we would have the right, following the completion of such valuation, to make a written offer to acquire the chief executive officers 50% equity interest in CAI for an amount equal to 50% of the fair value of CAI as indicated in the appraisal. If we do not elect to make such an offer, CAIs chief executive officer would have a right to require CAI to take the necessary steps to effect an initial public offering to sell his equity. All costs associated with any such initial public offering of CAI would be borne by CAI.
In connection with the acquisition of our 50% equity interest in CAI in 1998, we loaned CAI $33.7 million under a subordinated note agreement, which is collateralized by all containers owned by CAI as of April 30, 1998 or thereafter acquired, subject to the priority security interest lien of CAIs senior credit facility, except for certain excluded collateral. Interest on this subordinated note is payable quarterly at a fixed rate. The original repayment terms required mandatory quarterly principal payments of $1.7 million beginning July 30, 2003 through April 30, 2008. The subordinated note was subject to certain financial covenants and was cross-defaulted with CAIs senior credit facility, subject to the terms of a subordination agreement.
On June 27, 2002, CAI entered into an amended $110 million senior revolving credit agreement with a group of financial institutions. To facilitate the closing of this new credit facility, we agreed to extend the repayment terms of our subordinated note so as to require mandatory quarterly principal payments of $1.7 million beginning July 30, 2006 through April 30, 2011. We also agreed to modify certain financial covenants in the subordinated note. Interest on the subordinated note continues to accrue at an annual fixed rate of 10.5%, payable quarterly. The subordinated note continues to be cross-defaulted with CAIs senior credit agreement, subject to the terms of an amended and restated subordination agreement. In connection with these modifications, CAIs chief executive officer agreed that we would have the right to designate a majority of the members of CAIs board of directors. As a result of these transactions and gaining a majority position on CAIs board, our financial statements include CAI as a consolidated subsidiary commencing June 27, 2002.
For additional information about CAIs indebtedness, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Business Operations
In addition to our chassis and container leasing operations we also receive revenues from the leasing of approximately 474 freight rail cars to railroad companies through our Illinois based Railpool division. Also, our former computer leasing segment consisted of two majority owned subsidiaries, Microtech Leasing Corporation (Microtech) and Personal Computer Rental Corporation (PCR), which were substantially liquidated prior to December 31, 2003.
Employees
As of December 31, 2003, we had 213 employees, 188 of whom were based in the United States, excluding CAIs 56 employees. None of our employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe our relationships with our employees are good.
Risk Factors
Investors in Interpool should consider the following risk factors as well as the other information contained herein.
We are subject to the cyclicality of world trade which may impair demand for our chassis and containers.
The demand for our chassis and containers primarily depends upon levels of world trade of finished goods and component parts. Recessionary business cycles, political conditions, the status of trade agreements and international conflicts may have an impact on our operating results. The demand for leased chassis also depends upon domestic economic conditions and volumes of exports to the United States which are likely to be adversely affected if the value of the United States dollar declines. When the volume of world trade decreases, our business of leasing chassis and containers may be adversely affected as the demand for chassis and containers is reduced. A substantial decline in world trade may also adversely affect our customers, leading to possible defaults and the return of equipment prior to the end of a lease term.
We operate in a highly competitive industry, which may adversely affect our results of operations or ability to expand our business.
The transportation equipment leasing industry is highly competitive. We compete with numerous domestic and foreign leasing companies, some of which have greater financial resources and access to capital than we do. From time to time, the industry may have large under utilized inventories of chassis and containers, which could lead to significant downward pressure on pricing and margins. In addition, if the available supply of intermodal transportation equipment were to increase significantly as a result of, among other factors, new companies entering the business of leasing and selling intermodal transportation equipment, our competitive position could be adversely affected.
Potential customers may decide to buy rather than lease chassis and containers.
We, like other suppliers of leased chassis and containers, are dependent upon decisions by shipping lines and other transportation companies to lease rather than buy their equipment. In addition, our ability to achieve our strategy of expanding our business in response to customer demand for long term leasing would be adversely affected if our customers shifted to more short-term leasing over long-term leasing. Most of the factors affecting the decisions of our customers are outside our control. Operating costs such as storage and repair and maintenance costs also increase as utilization decreases.
Pending governmental investigations may adversely affect us.
Following our announcement in July 2003 that our Audit Committee had commissioned an internal investigation by special counsel into our accounting, we were notified that the SEC had opened an informal investigation of Interpool. As we anticipated, this investigation was subsequently converted to a formal investigation and remains pending as of the date of this report. The New York office of the SEC has received a copy of the written report of the internal investigation and has received documents and information from us, our Audit Committee and certain other parties pursuant to SEC subpoenas. We were advised that the United States Attorneys office for the District of New Jersey received a copy of the written report of the internal investigation and opened a parallel investigation focusing on certain matters described in the report by the Audit Committees special counsel. We were informed that Interpool is neither a subject nor a target of the investigation by the U.S. Attorneys office. We are fully cooperating with both of these investigations. We cannot predict the final outcome of these investigations and accordingly cannot be assured that they will not result in the taking of actions adverse to us.
Stockholder litigation may adversely affect us.
In February and March 2004, several lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, by purchasers of our common stock naming us and certain of our present and former executive officers and directors as defendants. The complaints alleged violations of the federal securities laws relating to our reported Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001 and the nine months ended September 30, 2002, which we announced in March 2003 would require restatement. Each of the complaints purported to be a class action brought on behalf of persons who purchased our securities during a specified period. The lawsuits, which seek unspecified amounts of compensatory damages and costs and expenses, including legal fees, have been consolidated in a single action, with lead plaintiffs and lead counsel being appointed. We intend to vigorously defend these lawsuits but are unable at this time to ascertain the impact these lawsuits may have on our financial position or results of operations.
Our limited ability to consummate financings in 2003 slowed our growth.
Historically, we have funded a significant portion of the purchase price for new containers and chassis through borrowings under our revolving credit facility and other lines of credit, or through secured financings with financial institutions. While we successfully completed several financings during 2003 and the first seven months of 2004, including financings of approximately $44.5 million during December 2003 and $111.2 million during March, May and July 2004, our ability to borrow funds on terms as favorable as those available previously has been limited since March 31, 2003, because of the restatement to our historical financial statements for 2000, 2001 and 2002 and the related Audit Committee and SEC investigations, the delay in completing our audited 2002 financial statements and filing our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2002 with the SEC, and the delay in completing our quarterly and annual financial statements for 2003 and filing our Quarterly and Annual Reports on Forms 10-Q and 10-K for 2003. These factors, coupled with the requirement to maintain certain levels of unrestricted cash until the delayed financial filings are completed, have affected the amount of business we have written with our customers.
We may need to obtain additional waivers from our financial institutions if we cannot complete and file our delinquent SEC reports promptly or if we are unable to file our future SEC reports on a timely basis. In addition, we cannot ensure that the existing waivers we have obtained will remain in effect.
During February 2004, we provided our lenders with a revised schedule for completing and submitting all of our financial statements and periodic SEC filings for the years 2003 and 2004, and requested that the lenders waive any non-compliance with the reporting requirements contained in the loan documents and debt instruments relating to these statements and filings until the respective dates included in the revised schedule. The revised dates provided to, and agreed by our lenders are:
| Statement 2003 10-K 2004 First Quarter 10-Q 2004 Second Quarter 10-Q 2004 Third Quarter 10-Q |
Revised Completion Date On or before August 31, 2004 On or before December 31, 2004 On or before December 31, 2004 On or before December 31, 2004 |
We have received waivers from all of our lenders agreeing to the dates above. Although we hope that we will be able to complete and file all reports by the applicable dates, we cannot provide assurance that we will meet these deadlines. If we were to be unable to meet these deadlines, we would need to request additional waivers from certain of our financial institutions. In the event that any additional waiver is required and cannot be obtained before the applicable deadline, we might be in violation of the terms of the applicable indebtedness, and the lender could exercise its right to declare us in default, accelerate the indebtedness owed to such lender, and take other action against us. Moreover, the taking of any such action, or the possibility that such action could be taken, could cause one or more of our other financial institutions to take action against us.
Several of the waivers we received from our financial institutions during 2003 and 2004 provide by their terms that the waiver is void if certain events occur, such as a declaration of default by one or more of our other lenders, or the commencement of civil or criminal proceedings against us or any adverse action by the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange, if such action has a material adverse effect upon our ability to perform our contractual obligations. Although we do not believe that any of these actions has occurred to date, there can be no assurance that they will not occur in the future. In the event any of our existing waivers ceased to be effective by its terms, we could be deemed to be in violation of the terms of the indebtedness to which the waiver relates. In this event, one or more of our lenders could exercise their right to declare us in default, accelerate the indebtedness owed to such lender, and take other actions against us, such as attempting to exercise rights as a secured creditor with respect to any collateral. If any of these circumstances were to occur, we might not be able to meet our obligations to our lenders and other creditors and might not be able to prevent such parties from taking actions that could jeopardize our ability to continue to operate our business.
Our internal controls and procedures may require further improvements.
As a result of our efforts to evaluate weaknesses in the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, we concluded that certain internal control deficiencies which we identified constituted material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in accordance with the standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). These deficiencies fall into eleven categories: deficiencies related to the accounting for direct finance leases, deficiencies related to ineffective policies for complex transactions, deficiencies related to inadequate communication of complex transactions, deficiencies related to the lack of adequate staffing within the accounting department, deficiencies related to accounting for income taxes, deficiencies related to communication of information regarding related-party transactions, deficiencies related to the security of information technology, deficiencies related to accounting for inter-company eliminations, deficiencies related to recordkeeping by various internal departments, deficiencies related to accounting for amounts billed to customers at the end of an operating lease for damaged equipment and deficiencies related to the recognition of impairment charges associated with the chassis remanufacturing program. We have assigned the highest priority to the short and long-term correction of the internal control deficiencies that have been identified. We have taken and are continuing to take remedial measures to strengthen our internal controls and to address their deficiencies. We believe that these efforts are addressing the material weaknesses and significant deficiencies that affected our internal controls for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001. As of the date of this filing, we are satisfied that actions implemented to date and those we expect to implement during 2004 and 2005 will correct the material weaknesses in our internal controls and information systems and that our processes and systems of internal controls will be adequate. However, we cannot give any assurances that all material weaknesses and significant deficiencies have been entirely corrected or that internal control weaknesses will not be identified from time to time in the future. Any material internal control weakness could materially affect our financial results.
Our insurance coverage, which reduces our exposure to credit risk, expires in March 2005. Failure to replace such coverage could increase our costs in the event a customer defaults.
We have in the past sought to reduce our credit risk by maintaining insurance coverage against lessee defaults. Our current insurance policy covering such credit risks will expire on March 31, 2005. We do not know whether replacement coverage can be obtained upon terms acceptable to us. Even if replacement coverage is obtainable we expect that premium rates and deductibles will increase as a result of general rate increases for this type of insurance as well as our historical claim experience and that of our competitors in the industry. If such insurance coverage is not obtained, it could adversely affect our business by increasing our risks and our costs in the event a customer defaults.
Sustained Asian economic instability could reduce demand for leasing.
A number of the shipping lines to which we lease containers are entities domiciled in several Asian countries. In addition, many of our customers are substantially dependent upon shipments of goods exported from Asia. From time to time, there have been economic disruptions, financial turmoil and political instability in this region. If similar events were to occur in the future, they could adversely affect these customers and lead to a reduced demand for leasing of our containers or otherwise adversely affect us.
Defaults by our customers could adversely affect our business by decreasing revenues and increasing storage, collection and recovery expenses.
We are dependent upon our lessees continuing to make lease payments for our equipment. A default by a lessee may cause us to lose revenues for past services and incur expenses for storage, collection and recovery. Repossession from defaulting lessees may be difficult and more expensive in jurisdictions whose laws do not confer the same security interests and rights to creditors and lessors as those in the United States and in jurisdictions where recovery of equipment from the defaulting lessees is more cumbersome.
If a long-term lessee defaults, we may be unable to re-lease recovered equipment for comparable rates or terms. Our reserves for anticipated losses may increase over historical levels or not be sufficient to cover actual losses, or our earnings may be adversely affected by customer defaults.
Changes in market price, availability or transportation costs of containers in China could adversely affect our ability to maintain our supply of containers.
Changes in the political, economic or financial condition of China, which would increase the market price, availability or transportation costs of containers, could adversely affect our ability to maintain our supply of containers. China is currently the largest container producing nation in the world and we currently purchase substantially all of our containers from manufacturers in China. In the event that it were to become more expensive for us to procure containers in China or to transport these containers at a low cost from China to the locations where they are needed by customers, because of a shift in U.S. trade policy toward China, increased tariffs imposed by the United States or other governments, a significant downturn in the political, economic or financial condition of China, or for any other reason, we would have to seek alternative sources of supply. We may not be able to make alternative arrangements quickly enough to meet our equipment needs, and the alternative arrangements may increase our costs.
We are controlled by a limited number of stockholders; this concentrated ownership could discourage acquisition bids for us that are not supported by our majority stockholders or limit the price investors will be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
Approximately 70.1% of our common stock is beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, in the aggregate by Martin Tuchman, Warren L. Serenbetz, Raoul J. Witteveen and Arthur L. Burns, together with certain members of their immediate families and certain related entities. Each of Messrs. Tuchman, Serenbetz and Burns is a member of our Board of Directors and Mr. Tuchman and Mr. Burns are executive officers. Mr. Witteveen is a former director and executive officer. These individuals, either directly or indirectly, have the ability to elect all of the members of our Board of Directors and to control the outcome of all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Our concentrated ownership may discourage acquisition bids for us that are not supported by our majority stockholders. This concentration of ownership could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
We have relationships with and have entered into transactions with members of our management and affiliated entities that may involve inherent conflicts of interest.
Various relationships exist and various transactions have been entered into between or among us, on the one hand, and members of our management and affiliated entities, on the other hand. Some of these relationships and transactions may involve inherent conflicts of interest. (See Item 13, Certain Relationships and Related Transactions for more information.)
We are dependent on the knowledge and experience of members of our senior management; loss of these members could adversely affect our ability to formulate and achieve our strategy and pursue new business initiatives.
Our growth and continued profitability are dependent upon, among other factors, the abilities, experience and continued service of certain members of our senior management, including Martin Tuchman, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Tuchman holds, either directly or indirectly, a substantial equity interest in Interpool and also is a director of Interpool. Additionally, other members of our senior management possess knowledge of, and extensive experience in, the intermodal transportation industry. We rely on this knowledge and experience in our strategic planning and in our day-to-day business operations. If one or more members of our senior management were to resign or otherwise be unavailable to serve us, the loss could adversely affect our ability to formulate and achieve our strategy and pursue new business initiatives. In addition, we do not currently have employment agreements with several of our executive officers.
The volatility of the residual value of chassis and containers upon expiration of their leases could adversely affect our operating results.
Although our operating results primarily depend upon equipment leasing, our profitability is also affected by the residual values (either for sale or continued operation) of our chassis and containers upon expiration of their leases. These values, which can vary substantially, depend upon, among other factors,
| | The maintenance standards observed by lessees; |
| | The need for refurbishment; |
| | Our ability to remarket equipment profitably; |
| | The cost of comparable new equipment; |
| | The cost to remanufacture chassis; |
| | The availability of used equipment; |
| | Rates of inflation; |
| | Market conditions; |
| | The costs of materials and labor; and |
| | The obsolescence of the equipment. |
Most of these factors are outside of our control. Operating leases, which represent the predominant form of lease in our portfolio, are subject to greater residual risk than direct finance leases.
Loss of our eligibility for tax benefits under the U.S.-Barbados tax treaty could increase our tax liability.
We currently receive tax benefits under an income tax convention between the United States and Barbados, the jurisdiction in which our subsidiary Interpool Limited which operates our container business, is incorporated. Specifically, under that income tax convention, any profits of Interpool Limited from leasing of containers used in international trade generally are taxable only in Barbados and not in the United States. At some future date the tax convention could be modified in a manner adverse to us or repealed in its entirety, or we might not continue to be eligible for these tax benefits.
As a company resident in Barbados, Interpool Limited is required to file tax returns in Barbados and pay any tax liability to Barbados. However, no Barbados tax returns have been prepared or filed for Interpool Limited for any period subsequent to its 1997 tax year, because such tax returns are required to be accompanied by audited financial statements for Interpool Limited, which are not available. We believe that the failure to file these returns has not resulted in any underpayment of taxes, interest or penalties (other than a nominal late filing penalty recently enacted in Barbados), because we believe that no Barbados taxes would have been due for the years for which returns have not been filed. We further believe that Interpool Limiteds failure to file these returns would not present any other material risk to Interpool. Nonetheless, we intend to have the necessary Interpool Limited financial statements prepared and audited as promptly as practicable so that Interpool Limiteds Barbados tax returns can be filed as required. We cannot be assured that our failure to file these returns would not adversely affect us.
Interpool Limited currently claims treaty benefits under the United States and Barbados income tax treaty (Treaty). The Treaty contains a limitation on benefits provision which denies treaty benefits under certain circumstances. However, Interpool Limited currently does not fall within the Treatys limitation on benefits provision.
On July 14, 2004, the United States and Barbados signed a protocol to the Treaty (Protocol) that contains a more restrictive limitation on benefits provision than the current Treaty does. If ratified, the Protocol might result in Interpool Limited losing its ability to rely on the Treaty to eliminate current U.S. income tax on its container rental and container sales income. This Protocol will not take effect until it is ratified by the United States Senate and the government of Barbados. It is currently uncertain whether the Senate will take action before it adjourns later in 2004. The Protocol is generally effective for taxable years commencing on or after the first of January in the year following the year the Protocol is ratified. Under the Protocol, Interpool Limited would only be eligible for Treaty benefits with respect to its container rental and sales income if, among other things, Interpool, Inc., is listed on a recognized stock exchange (generally, the NASDAQ system or an SEC registered exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange), and Interpool, Inc.s stock is primarily and regularly traded on such exchange.
As described elsewhere in this report, our common stock is currently not listed on a recognized stock exchange within the meaning of the Protocol. Management anticipates that we will examine all of our options with regard to listing on a recognized stock exchange and anticipates applying for a listing once we are current with our SEC filings. However, even if we were to become listed on a recognized stock exchange as of the date the Protocol comes into effect, it is not clear whether we would satisfy the primarily and regularly traded requirement as defined within the Protocol. If we do not believe that we can satisfy this requirement, we will investigate alternatives to Interpool Limited being a resident in Barbados that will still entitle Interpool Limited to treaty benefits under another tax treaty with the U.S. Any such alternative would likely result in Interpool Limited being subject to a higher non-U.S. tax than the approximate 3% tax rate it currently enjoys in Barbados.
A substantial portion of our future cash flows will be needed to service our indebtedness. Also, because our debt has been downgraded recently, our cost of borrowing has increased and our access to future financing may be more limited.
Historically, we have made, and continue to make, use of indebtedness to finance our equipment leasing activities and for other general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2003, our total outstanding indebtedness was approximately $1.6 billion. We anticipate that we will incur additional indebtedness in the future. We are required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the amount of cash flow available to fund working capital, capital expenditures, including fleet growth, and other corporate requirements. Should our cash flow be insufficient to service our debt obligations, we would be required to seek additional funds to meet our obligations. Additional funds, if needed, might not be available to us or, if available, might not be made available on terms acceptable to us.
Our business is highly dependent upon the availability of capital. In particular, the growth of our fleet through new equipment purchases or acquisitions, as well as the refinancing of our existing debt, will require further debt or equity financings. There is no assurance that interest rates and advance rates on any future financings will be as attractive as those experienced in the past. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, further dilution to the existing stockholders may result.
During October and November 2003, the ratings on our debt securities were downgraded by three major rating agencies, Standard & Poors, Fitch, and Moodys, citing the resignation of our former President, continued delay in issuing audited restated financial statements for 2000 and 2001 and our audited financial statements for 2002 to be included in our 2002 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the need to obtain waivers from our lenders to avoid technical defaults under our loan agreements associated with the financial statement delays. Our debt securities were again downgraded by all three rating agencies following our press release on December 29, 2003, that indicated that release of our 2000, 2001 and 2002 financial statements and the filing of our 2002 Annual Report on Form 10-K would again be delayed. Our Annual Report was subsequently filed on January 9, 2004. On January 27, 2004, Moodys again downgraded our debt securities citing continued uncertainty associated with the delayed release of our financial information for 2003. We have been advised that Moodys also reduced the shadow rating of our chassis securitization. We have been advised by the participants in this securitization that they will waive any early amortization event or default associated with the downgrade of the shadow ratings on a periodic basis, and such participants have given such a waiver through January 1, 2005. We have been advised by the provider of the insurance wrap portion of the chassis securitization that, as a result of the downgrade of the shadow rating, we are liable to indemnify it for certain of its increased capital charge costs, which it has estimated at approximately $0.6 million per month beginning June 20, 2004 and continuing until we are notified by the wrap provider that our shadow rating has improved sufficiently. The additional cost per month will be reduced on a pro-rata basis as the outstanding obligations are repaid. We have disputed whether any such indemnification obligation exists under the terms of our agreement with the wrap provider. This matter is currently under negotiation. There can be no assurance that we will prevail in this matter, nor can we estimate the likelihood or timing of any potential future shadow rating upgrade. There also can be no assurance that the waiver described above will continue to be granted or extended. Should such waiver not be granted or extended beyond January 1, 2005, the unfavorable impact on our near-term liquidity would likely be significant. Such downgrades may also have a negative effect on our ability to access the capital markets in the future as well as on our interest cost.
Increases in interest rates may increase our debt service obligations and adversely affect our liquidity.
A substantial portion of our borrowings are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates rise, our debt service obligations would increase. A significant rise in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity in future periods. For further discussion on interest rate risk see Item 7A.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate.
The market price for our common stock has fluctuated in the past, and several factors could cause the price to fluctuate substantially in the future. These factors include:
| | Announcements of developments related to our business; |
| | Fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations; |
| | Whether the common stock is listed on a national securities exchange; |
| | Sales of substantial amounts of our shares into the marketplace; |
| | General conditions in our industry or the worldwide economy; |
| | A shortfall in revenues or earnings compared to securities analysts' expectations; |
| | Changes in analysts' recommendations or projections; |
| | Announcements of new acquisitions; and |
| | An outbreak of war or hostilities. |
The current market price of our common stock may not be indicative of future market prices.
Our common stock and other publicly traded securities are not currently listed on any securities exchange.
On December 29, 2003, the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange) suspended trading in our common stock and other listed securities and the staff of the Exchange informed us that they had recommended that delisting procedures be commenced. The Exchange stated that this action was taken because of the overall uncertainty surrounding our previously announced restatement of our 2001 and 2000 results and the continued delay in the completion of our current financial statement filing requirements. Our 2002 Form 10-K, which reflected the restated results, was filed on January 9, 2004. We appealed the decision and recommendation of the staff of the Exchange, and a hearing before a Committee of the Board of Directors of the Exchange was held March 10, 2004. Following this hearing, the Committee determined to affirm the staffs recommendation and to delist our common stock and other listed securities. The delisting became effective during early April 2004. We intend to examine all of our options with regard to listing, and anticipate re-applying for a listing on the Exchange once we are current with our SEC filings later this year. Since the suspension of trading on the Exchange took effect on December 29, 2003, our common stock has been traded on the over-the-counter market under the symbol IPLI.
Our charter documents and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover and limit our growth opportunities, which could cause the market price of our shares to decline.
Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated By-laws, as well as Delaware corporate law, contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control or changes in our management that a stockholder might consider favorable. These provisions apply even if the change may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. If a change of control or change in management is delayed or prevented, the market price of our shares could decline. In addition, our Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated By-laws contain provisions that may discourage acquisition bids for Interpool.
Website Access
Our website address is www.interpool.com. You may obtain free electronic copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports under the heading Financial Information. These reports are available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with the SEC.
| ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES |
We purchased our main office building located at 211 College Road East, Princeton, NJ in 2002. We use approximately 77% of this 39,000 square foot building. The remainder is leased to third parties. We also own approximately 18,000 square feet of condominium office space located on the 27th floor at 633 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 that serves as our New York office. All of our other commercial office space is leased.
| ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
Following our announcement in July 2003 that our Audit Committee had commissioned an internal investigation by special counsel into our accounting, we were notified that the SEC had opened an informal investigation of Interpool. As we anticipated, this investigation was subsequently converted to a formal investigation and remains pending as of the date this Form 10-K was filed with the SEC. The New York office of the SEC received a copy of the written report of the internal investigation and has received documents and information from us, our Audit Committee and certain other parties pursuant to SEC subpoenas. We were advised that the United States Attorneys office for the District of New Jersey received a copy of the written report of the internal investigation and opened a parallel investigation focusing on certain matters described in the report by the Audit Committees special counsel. We were informed that Interpool is neither a subject nor a target of the investigation by the U.S. Attorneys office. We are cooperating fully with both of these investigations.
In February and March 2004, several lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, by purchasers of our common stock naming us and certain of our present and former executive officers and directors as defendants. The complaints alleged violations of the federal securities laws relating to our reported Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001 and the nine months ended September 30, 2002, which we announced in March 2003 would require restatement. Each of the complaints purported to be a class action brought on behalf of persons who purchased our securities during a specified period. The lawsuits which seek unspecified amounts of compensatory damages and costs and expenses, including legal fees, have been consolidated in a single action, with lead plaintiffs and lead counsel being appointed. We intend to vigorously defend these lawsuits but are unable at this time to ascertain the impact these lawsuits may have on our financial position or results of operations.
We are engaged in various other legal proceedings from time to time incidental to the conduct of our business. Such proceedings may relate to claims arising out of chassis accidents that occur from time to time which involve death and injury to persons and damage to property. Accordingly, we require all of our lessees to indemnify us against any losses arising out of such accidents while the chassis are on-hire to the lessees. In addition, lessees are generally required to maintain a minimum of $2 million in general liability insurance coverage which is standard in the industry. In addition, we maintain a back-up general liability policy of $200 million, in the event that the above lessee coverage is insufficient. While we believe that such coverage should be adequate to cover current claims, there can be no guarantee that future claims will not exceed such amounts. Nevertheless, we believe that no such current asserted or unasserted claims of which we are aware will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations and that we are adequately insured against such claims.
Settled insurance litigation
In February 2001, we demanded return of all our equipment on lease to a significant customer based in South Korea. The lessee subsequently commenced insolvency proceedings and did not return our equipment. At the time of this insolvency, we maintained insurance coverage against such lessee defaults, and we submitted a claim to our insurance carriers seeking to recover the value of the receivables owed by the customer (to the extent covered by the insurance policies). Our claim included per diem rental charges for up to one hundred and eighty days after the default date for equipment not returned by the lessee as well as loss, damage and recovery costs relating to the equipment on lease that were also billable to the lessee in accordance with the lease. The maximum insurance coverage related to this claim was $35 million. As of December 31, 2003, the outstanding receivable recorded from the insurance related to this claim was $20.5 million.
On December 26, 2002, our insurance underwriters commenced a declaratory judgment action against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking rescission of our customer default insurance coverage or, in the alternative, a declaration that the premiums paid by us for this insurance were inadequate (the Default Insurance Litigation). The insurance underwriters primary contention was that we did not fully disclose to them all material information concerning our South Korean lessee. The underwriters also disputed the timing of our notifications to them of this loss and the amount of the loss. We filed a response to this complaint, which included counterclaims for payment of our claim under the policies and defenses to the arguments asserted by the insurance underwriters.
After completing discovery, each side filed a motion for summary judgment with the court and responses to the other sides motion for summary judgment. In an attempt to avoid the time, expense and uncertainty inherent in continued litigation, the parties agreed to appoint a private mediator to try to negotiate a settlement of the dispute. Mediation began in April 2004, with the court deferring decision on the summary judgment motions pending the outcome of the mediation.
The mediator was successful in his negotiations and on June 17, 2004, we signed an agreement settling the Default Insurance Litigation. Under the terms of the settlement agreement we received total cash payments of $26.4 million in June and July 2004 from the insurance underwriters, and the insurance underwriters release from all claims asserted by them in the Default Insurance Litigation. In return, we released the insurance underwriters from all of our counterclaims asserted in that litigation.
| ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
None.
PART II
| ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
Until December 26, 2003, our common stock was traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol IPX. Effective December 29, 2003, due to the delay in filing our 2002 Annual Report on Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission, our common stock and other listed securities were suspended from trading on the New York Stock Exchange, and delisting proceedings were commenced. Although we filed our 2002 Form 10-K on January 9, 2004 and appealed the suspension, our listed securities were delisted in April 2004. Since this suspension took effect, our common stock has been traded on the over-the-counter market under the symbol IPLI. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated commencing on January 1, 2001, the high and low closing sale prices for our common stock. All share and per share data have been rounded to the nearest cent.
HIGH LOW
---- ---
Calendar Year 2001
First Quarter..................................... $18.44 $12.56
Second Quarter.................................... 17.00 13.55
Third Quarter..................................... 19.45 14.60
Fourth Quarter.................................... 19.25 11.65
Calendar Year 2002
First Quarter..................................... $19.90 $14.61
Second Quarter.................................... 24.02 17.26
Third Quarter..................................... 18.96 12.02
Fourth Quarter.................................... 17.32 11.49
Calendar Year 2003
First Quarter..................................... $16.83 $13.14
Second Quarter.................................... 18.60 13.88
Third Quarter..................................... 18.55 15.50
Fourth Quarter.................................... 19.40 12.00*
| * | The low closing price for the fourth quarter of 2003 was obtained
from the over-the-counter Market due to the suspension of trading of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on December 29, 2003. |
As of July 30, 2004, there were approximately 81 stockholders of record of our common stock. On July 30, 2004, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the over-the-counter market was $18.25 per share.
We paid a quarterly dividend of $0.0625 per share on our common stock in January, April, July and October of 2003 and January, April and July 2004. We paid a quarterly dividend of $0.055 per share on our common stock in January, April, July and October of 2002 and a quarterly dividend in the amount of $0.05 per share on our common stock in July and October 2001. Prior to July 1, 2001, we had paid a quarterly dividend of $0.0375 per share on our common stock for the prior 17 quarters. In connection with our delayed SEC filings and the receipt of waivers from our lenders necessitated by the delayed filings, the members of our Board of Directors and certain of their affiliates who own shares of our common stock have agreed to defer their receipt of any dividend payments, including those we may declare in the future, until we are in compliance with all SEC filing requirements. As of July 15, 2004, recorded dividend payments in the amount of $2,616,206 have been deferred.
The Board of Directors has instituted a dividend reinvestment plan, which went into effect at the end of 2001. The plan is non-dilutive; shares required for the plan are acquired on the open market by an independent third party plan administrator and not through the issuance of additional shares by us.
| ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
The following table sets forth our selected historical consolidated financial data, for the periods and at the dates indicated. This information should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the notes thereto.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, (1)
2003 2002 (2)(4) 2001 2000 (3) 1999
---- ---------- ---- ------- ----
INCOME STATEMENT DATA:
Revenues $375,627 $326,555 $338,718 $287,553 $216,063
Income before cumulative effect of
change in accounting principle $41,190 $4,389 $28,104 $44,040 $23,271
Income per share before change
in accounting principle:
Basic $1.51 $0.16 $1.03 $1.61 $0.84
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
Diluted $1.42 $0.15 $0.97 $1.61 $0.82
===== ===== ===== ===== =====
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic 27,365 27,360 27,417 27,421 27,571
Diluted 30,396 29,202 28,973 27,426 28,234
Cash dividends declared per common share: $0.25 $0.2275 $0.1925 $0.15 $0.15
2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
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BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents $141,019 $170,613 $103,760 $157,224 $207,853
Net investment in direct financing leases $426,815 $334,129 $275,372 $213,180 $185,350
Leasing equipment, net $1,635,893 $1,556,816 $1,334,787 $1,230,214 $846,342
Total assets $2,372,213 $2,241,121 $1,922,229 $2,203,767 $1,442,069
Debt and capital lease obligations $1,640,687 $1,597,211 $1,354,680 $1,631,985 $998,228
Stockholders' equity $382,837 $336,193 $351,269 $340,519 $299,411
| (1) | As a result of adopting Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 145 ("SFAS 145") extraordinary gains related to the retirement of debt for all years presented have been reclassified into operating income on a pretax basis. Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle include net of tax amounts of $558, $840 and $740 for years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. |
| (2) | Effective June 27, 2002, our financial statements include CAI as a consolidated subsidiary. (See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.) |
| (3) | The 2000 income statement data excludes $660 resulting from the cumulative effect of change in accounting principle. The 2000 results include earnings from the assets acquired from Transamerica ("TA"), which we acquired on October 24, 2000, with an effective date of October 1, 2000. The 2000 results include only the chassis acquired from TA as the rail trailers and domestic containers were identified as assets held for sale at the time of purchase. |
| (4) | Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2002 amounts in order to conform to the 2003 presentation. |
| ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following discussion of our historical financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report. (Unless otherwise indicated, all fleet statistics including the size of the fleet, utilization of the leasing equipment or the rental rates per day that are set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K exclude the information of our 50%-owned consolidated subsidiary CAI. This exclusion of information relative to CAI, unless indicated otherwise, provides a focus on the drivers which are critical to our core business.)
The information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the securities laws. These forward-looking statements reflect the current view of the Company with respect to future events and financial performance and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report, including the statements under Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this report, the words will, believe, anticipate, intend, estimate, expect, project and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.
All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by the forward-looking statements we make in this report are reasonable, we can give no assurance that these plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. Future economic and industry trends that could potentially impact revenues and profitability are difficult to predict.
Restatement of Prior Consolidated Financial Statements
Our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 was filed in January 2004 and contained, among other things, restated consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 and the first three quarters of 2002. For additional information regarding this restatement, see Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2002 Form 10-K.
In preparation for the 2003 audit, we determined that the previously reported quarterly results for the quarters ended March 31, 2003, June 30, 2003 and September 30, 2003 required restatement. For additional information regarding this restatement, see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2002 amounts in order to conform to the 2003 presentation.
General
Interpool is one of the worlds leading suppliers of equipment and services to the transportation industry. We believe we are the worlds largest lessor of intermodal container chassis and a world-leading lessor of international dry freight standard containers used in international trade.
Our primary sources of revenues are rental income derived from operating leases and income earned on direct financing leases. We generate revenues through leasing transportation equipment, primarily intermodal container chassis and intermodal dry freight standard containers. Operating lease equipment (operating leases) and direct financing leases are the two major asset types that generate this revenue. In the case of operating lease equipment, we retain the substantive risks and rewards of equipment ownership. In the case of direct financing leases, the lessee generally has the substantive risks and rewards of equipment ownership and the right to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease term. This revenue is supplemented by other sources of revenue such as fee income earned under equipment management agreements. Revenue derived from an operating lease generally consists of the monthly lease payments from the customer. For direct financing leases, the lessees payment is segregated into principal and interest components much like a loan. The interest component, calculated using the effective interest method over the term of the lease, is recognized by us as revenue. The principal component of the direct finance lease payment is reflected as a reduction to the net investment in the direct finance lease.
Our mix of operating and direct finance leases is a function of customer preference and demand and our success in meeting those customer requirements. An operating lease, during its initial lease term, will generally be more profitable than a direct finance lease, primarily due to the return of principal inherent in a direct finance lease. However, after the initial term (and any renewal) of an operating lease expires, the operating lease will have redeployment costs and related risks that are avoided under a direct finance lease. In evaluating the revenue performance of our operating lease portfolio, the primary factors considered are utilization and daily rental rates.
During 2003, our revenues increased due to strong demand for equipment, resulting in a favorable increase in utilization rates for our containers and chassis as compared to the prior year. Our increased fleet size for containers and chassis as compared to the prior year also contributed favorably to revenue. We have continued to experience revenue increases and high utilization of equipment, both in our chassis and container business segments, during the first half of 2004. Utilization of our container fleet was at 99% at both December 31, 2003 and June 30, 2004, and chassis utilization was at 96% at December 31, 2003 and 97% at June 30, 2004.
Although daily rental rates for our operating lease container fleet remained relatively flat during 2003, container daily lease rates have been rising during the first half of 2004 due to the increased demand for equipment as well as the impact of recent steel shortages. The steel shortage in the first half of 2004 has driven the cost of new containers 40% higher than in 2003, with corresponding increases in daily lease rates for newly manufactured containers. In some cases the steel shortages have become so acute that production was slowed. The backlogged demand and higher manufacturing costs have propelled leasing of used containers.
Chassis lease rates have been driven more by the cost of new chassis than by recent increases in demand. There are both positive and negative factors influencing production costs. A recent shift in the manufacturing base, toward more production in China -- which has lower labor and overhead costs (but higher delivery costs) -- has lowered chassis prices. At the same time, the steel shortage has created upward pressure on chassis prices. Overall, production costs have decreased slightly, with a similar decrease in new equipment lease rates. Used chassis lease rates have been heavily competitive during 2003 and early 2004, but as inventories around the country have become depleted, we are now beginning to see upward pressure on chassis lease rates.
We anticipate that our customers demand for chassis and containers will continue to be strong well into 2005. This projection is supported by the fact that all major shipyards are reporting full order books through the end of 2006. Even after an allowance of 1% for scrapping, the world container ship fleet is expected to increase by 10.8% in 2004, 11.3% in 2005 and 11.6% in 2006 as reported in the May 2004 edition of Containerisation International. In April 2004 alone, 48 new container ships were ordered with a capacity of 218,000 TEU. As of May 1, 2004, the total order book exceeded 800 ships with a total capacity of 3.2 million TEU, or approximately 47% of the current world fleet.
We believe a number of factors have contributed to the strong demand for equipment we have seen since early 2003. From 2001 to 2002, according to the Container International Yearbook 2004, global containerized traffic increased by over 9%, from 243.8 million TEU in 2001 to 266.3 million TEU in 2002, fueling demand for transportation equipment generally. In addition, as mentioned above, several major shipping lines have announced plans to bring new very large 8,000-9,000 TEU ships to the West Coast of the United States of America in the fall of 2004. When ships of this size are unloaded, they require the use of a large number of chassis to move the containers to local railroad terminals or their final destinations. These chassis, once loaded, may not be able to return to the port before the next ship rotation arrives, thus requiring additional concentrations of chassis at major ports. These larger vessels will also require additional containers to support them. During 2004, we have been supplying chassis and containers to several shipping lines in preparation for the arrival of these ships. Demand for chassis has also been affected by the inability of large, fully loaded ships to pass through the Panama Canal. These ships typically discharge their cargo on the West Coast, with the cargo being moved by land bridges, by truck and rail inland and across the country, using chassis at various stages during this process. At the same time, the demand for chassis, along with increased congestion at many of the rail and marine facilities around the country, have fueled an increase in the sharing of chassis (chassis pooling) among shipping lines. Our PoolStat chassis management service has experienced an increased interest in chassis sharing among shipping lines, as well as use of our own Trac Lease chassis pools at railroads and marine terminals. As of June 30, 2004, our chassis pools operating at railroad terminals were at record utilization levels.
Although our chassis and container fleet (including units on hire as direct financing leases) increased in size by 2% and 9%, respectively, from 2002 to 2003, we were not able to take full advantage of the strong customer demand for containers and chassis during 2003 and the first half of 2004, because the restatement of our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001 and the first three quarters of 2002 and the related investigations by our audit committee and the SEC, and the resulting delays in completion of our financial statements and SEC filings, adversely affected our ability to obtain the financing necessary for us to purchase equipment for lease to customers. We requested and received necessary waivers from our financial institutions with respect to our financial restatement and the delays in completing our financial statements. Since January 9, 2004, the date of our filing with the SEC of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, we have successfully completed over $111.2 million of new financings, the proceeds of which have been used primarily to acquire new equipment and to satisfy payment obligations to manufacturers for equipment delivered and placed into service in our fleet during 2003. However, the reduced availability of financing, combined with the requirement to maintain certain levels of unrestricted cash until the delayed financial filings are completed, have continued to limit the amount of new business we have written with our customers during the first half of 2004. In addition, our cost of financing during 2004 has been higher than we experienced in 2002 and early 2003, due to higher interest rates in general and increased borrowing costs resulting from the lowering of our credit ratings over the past year. For the year ended December 31, 2003, the average interest rate on our outstanding debt (including the outstanding debt of CAI) was 6.0%, lower than the 6.6% for 2002. This decrease is primarily the result of reduced interest rates, as well as a decrease in interest costs related to swaps on our revolving credit facility which matured in October 2002. We are currently in negotiations with a number of potential lenders with regard to additional financings to support business growth and to refinance certain existing debt facilities, and expect that several of these will be completed during the second half of 2004.
As of December 31, 2003, we had a total of $1,864.6 million in contractual obligations and commercial commitments outstanding, primarily for amounts due to equipment manufacturers, debt and capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations, and purchases of leasing equipment. Our obligations to the equipment manufacturers included in accounts payable and accrued expenses were paid in full during the first half of 2004, and we are current with regard to all other payment obligations. Based on our existing cash balances, current negotiations with a number of prospective lenders, and our financial projections of operating cash flow for the future, we believe that we will have sufficient liquidity to grow our portfolio while meeting our obligations and commitments as they become due.
Other than interest expense, our primary expenses are lease operating and administrative expenses, which include operating costs such as maintenance and repair expense, as well as other ownership costs such as storage and positioning expense. Our lessees are generally responsible for lease operating expenses during the term of their lease. Our administrative expenses are primarily employee related costs such as salary expense, costs of employee benefits and travel and entertainment costs, as well as expenses incurred for outside services such as legal, consulting and audit related fees. During 2003, lease operating expenses as a percentage of revenues were 22.7%, down slightly from 23.1% during 2002. Administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues increased from 8.5% during 2002 to 13.1% during 2003, primarily due to $20.2 million in costs associated with our financial restatement and the related investigations as described previously. Without those costs, administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues would have declined to 7.7% during 2003. However, the additional personnel and systems enhancements we are adding to improve our internal controls, as well as additional procedures being implemented to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley requirements, will add incremental administrative expenses in future periods. In addition to lease operating and administrative expenses, we also incur depreciation expense on our operating lease equipment as described in more detail in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
As described above, our lease operating and administrative expenses were negatively impacted during 2003 as a result of costs associated with our financial restatement. During 2003 and continuing for the first seven months of 2004, we incurred significant costs related to the investigations by our audit committee and the SEC, separation agreements with our former Chief Financial Officer and our former President, legal representation for the Company as well as our officers, directors and employees, the payment of fees in order to obtain necessary waivers from our financial institutions and, during 2004, the proceedings before The New York Stock Exchange to delist our securities. We will continue to incur additional costs in the second half of 2004 relating to the formal investigation by the SEC, additional legal representation for the Company and our officers, directors and employees, and possibly for bank fees should additional waivers be required.
Non-performing receivables totaled $12.8 million at the end of 2003 compared with $11.1 million at the end of 2002. Reserves of $11.9 million and $9.5 million, respectively, have been established against these non-performing receivables. During 2003, receivable write-offs net of recoveries totaled $1.9 million as compared with $2.4 million for 2002.
Our net income per share for 2003 was $1.42 on a fully diluted basis. This compared favorably with $0.15 per share during 2002 and $0.97 per share during 2001. Return on average shareholders equity was 11.5% during 2003 compared with 1.3% during 2002 and 8.1% during 2001.
We conduct business with shipping line customers throughout the world and are therefore subject to the risks of operating in disparate political and economic conditions. Offsetting this risk is the worldwide nature of the shipping business and the ability of our shipping line customers to shift their operations from areas of unfavorable political and/or economic conditions to more promising areas. Approximately 98% of our revenues are billed and paid in U.S. dollars. We believe these factors substantially mitigate foreign currency rate risks.
Our container leasing operations are conducted through our subsidiary, Interpool Limited, a Barbados corporation. Our effective tax rate benefits substantially from the application of an income tax convention, pursuant to which the profits of Interpool Limited from international container leasing operations are exempt from federal taxation in the United States. As discussed below, these profits are subject to Barbados tax at rates that are significantly lower than the applicable rates in the United States. For further information regarding the United States and Barbados Tax Treaty and the July 2004 Protocol to this Treaty, see Critical Accounting Polices and Estimates section within Item 7.
Since June 27, 2002, our Consolidated Financial Statements include our 50% owned subsidiary, CAI, which concentrates on short term container leasing, as a consolidated subsidiary of Interpool. Previously, CAI was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Transactions between the Company and CAI have been eliminated in consolidation.
The sections that follow analyze our results of operations by financial statement caption and provide a more detailed discussion of our performance for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 as compared to the prior year period.
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2003 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2002
Revenues. Our revenues increased to $375.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, from $326.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $49.0 million or 15%. The increase was partially attributable to $17.1 million of incremental leasing revenues as a result of consolidating the activities of CAI for a full year in 2003 as compared to approximately six months in 2002. In addition, container and chassis operating lease revenues increased $22.4 million and finance lease revenues increased $10.1 million, partially offset by reduced operating lease revenues of $0.6 million contributed by Microtech (which is currently being liquidated) as compared to the prior year period. The incremental container and chassis operating lease revenues are primarily due to our container and chassis operating lease fleets which increased in size by 11% and 5%, respectively, and an increase in the utilization rates for our containers and chassis, as compared to the prior year period. The daily rental rates for containers and chassis were relatively flat as compared to the prior year period. Utilization rates of our container fleet have historically been calculated assuming containers managed by CAI were 100% utilized since they were not available to us to put on hire. Under this method, utilization rates of our container fleet and our domestic intermodal chassis operating fleet at December 31, 2003 were 99% and 96%, respectively, as compared to 98% and 93%, respectively, at December 31, 2002. The utilization rates of our container fleet, considering CAI's actual utilization rates for our containers managed by CAI, were 94% and 92% at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Lease Operating and Administrative Expenses. Our lease operating and administrative expenses increased to $134.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 from $103.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $31.5 million or 30.5%.
The increase was primarily due to:
| | An increase in legal fees of $11.6 million primarily as a result of the restatement of our 2001 and 2000 annual financial results and the financial results of the first three quarters of 2002, as well as legal fees incurred as a result of the Audit Committee and SEC investigations. |
| | An increase of $9.3 million resulting from the consolidation of the activities of CAI for the full year in 2003 compared to approximately six months in the prior year. |
| | An increase in salary expense of $5.9 million due to recording of substantially all costs related to separation agreements with our former Chief Financial Officer who resigned in July 2003 and our former President who resigned in October 2003. In addition, salary expense increased by $1.5 million as a result of an increase in headcount and other employee related costs. |
| | An increase in maintenance and repair costs of $3.9 million primarily due to the refurbishment of chassis for use within the chassis product line and a reduction in billable repairs as compared to the prior year period. |
| | An increase in audit expenses of $4.3 million primarily as a result of the restatement of our 2001 and 2000 annual financial results and the financial results of the first three quarters of 2002. |
| | An increase in insurance expense of $0.8 million primarily due to premiums for insurance coverage against customer insolvency and related equipment losses. The premium rates and deductibles for this type of insurance have increased as a result of higher claim experience by the Company and others within the industry. |
| | A decrease in storage costs of $6.4 million primarily due to increased utilization, as well as a reduction in storage related expenses as we sold equipment recovered from a customer in default. |
We will continue to incur additional costs in 2004 related to the formal investigation of our activities by the SEC, our proceedings before the New York Stock Exchange, additional legal representation for the Company and our officers, directors and employees and for certain bank fees in order to obtain additional waiver extensions related to our delayed filings. The costs incurred during 2003 and the estimated costs incurred in the first quarter of 2004 are as follows:
Three Months
Ended Year Ended
March 31, December 31,
(Dollars in millions): 2004 2003
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Audit fees for the reaudits
and restatements $0.5 $3.6
Cost of investigations 0.1 5.9
Legal and consulting fees 1.6 3.2
Separation agreements ---