SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002
Commission File No. 1-13481
METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware |
95-4605850 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| 2500 Broadway Street, Santa Monica, CA |
90404 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) |
(Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (310) 449-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| Common Stock, par value $0.01 |
New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the Registrants best knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part II of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
The aggregate market value of the voting stock (based on the last sale price of such stock as reported by the Dow Jones News Retrieval) held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of February 6, 2003 was $803,825,342.
The number of shares of the Registrants common stock outstanding as of February 6, 2003 was 249,212,736.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain portions of Registrants proxy statement for the annual meeting to be held on May 14, 2003 (the Proxy Statement), to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the close of the Registrants fiscal year, are incorporated by reference under Part III of this Form 10-K.
PART I
Item 1. Business
General
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. (MGM) is a premier global entertainment content company. Through our subsidiaries, including Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc., we are actively engaged in the development and worldwide production and distribution of entertainment product, including theatrical motion pictures, television programming, home video, interactive media, music, and licensed merchandise, and we are one of seven major U.S. film and television studios. See Note 12 to Consolidated Financial Statements. Our principal subsidiaries are Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc., United Artists Corporation, United Artists Films Inc. and Orion Pictures Corporation. Our library contains approximately 4,000 theatrically released feature film titles and over 10,200 television episodes and is the largest collection of post-1948 feature films in the world. Films in our library have won over 200 Academy Awards, including Best Picture Awards for Annie Hall, The Apartment, The Best Years of Our Lives, Dances With Wolves, Hamlet, In the Heat of the Night, Marty, Midnight Cowboy, Platoon, Rain Man, Rocky, The Silence of the Lambs, Tom Jones and West Side Story. Our library also includes 22 titles in the James Bond film franchise, five titles in the Rocky film franchise and nine titles in the Pink Panther film franchise.
In addition, through MGM Networks, we own a 20 percent equity interest in three of Rainbow Medias successful national cable networksAmerican Movie Classics (AMC), The Independent Film Channel (IFC) and WE: Womens Entertainment. Internationally, we have ownership interests in television channels reaching more than 90 countries around the globe.
MGM was incorporated in Delaware on July 10, 1996. Our executive offices are located at 2500 Broadway Street, Santa Monica, California 90404. Our telephone number is (310) 449-3000.
We make available free of charge on or through our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our Internet address is http://www.mgm.com.
Background of the Company
Tracinda Corporation, senior management of MGM Studios at the time and Seven Network Limited, a company formed under the laws of Australia, formed MGM to acquire from an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Consortium de Realisation all of the outstanding capital stock of MGM Studios and its subsidiaries, including United Artists, in October 1996 for an aggregate consideration of $1.3 billion. Tracinda is wholly owned by Mr. Kerkorian.
In July 1997, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Orion and its subsidiaries, including the entity formerly known as The Samuel Goldwyn Company and now known as Orion Film Classics Company, from Metromedia International Group, Inc. In connection with the Orion acquisition, we obtained the film and television libraries of the Orion companies consisting of approximately 1,900 film titles and 3,000 television episodes.
In November 1997, we completed an initial public offering, whereby we issued and sold 9,000,000 new shares of common stock, $.01 par value per share, at a price per share of $20, less an underwriting discount, for net proceeds (after expenses of the initial public offering) of $165.0 million. Concurrently with the consummation of the initial public offering, Tracinda purchased directly from us, at a purchase price of $18.85 per share (equal to the per share price to the public in the initial public offering, less the underwriting discount), 3,978,780 shares of the common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $75.0 million.
In September 1998, the Tracinda Group, consisting of Tracinda and a Delaware corporation that is principally owned by Tracinda, purchased 16,208,463 shares of the common stock from Seven Network, representing all of our capital stock held by Seven Network, for a price per share of $24 and an aggregate purchase price of $389.0 million.
2
In November 1998, we completed a rights offering, whereby we issued and sold 84,848,485 new shares of the common stock at a subscription price of $8.25 per share for net proceeds (after expenses of the rights offering) of $696.5 million. After giving effect to the completion of the 1998 rights offering and the exercise of the subscription rights distributed in connection therewith, the Tracinda Group continued to beneficially own approximately 89.5 percent of our outstanding common stock.
In January 1999, we acquired from PolyGram N.V. and its subsidiaries certain film libraries and film-related rights for consideration of $235.0 million. The PolyGram libraries contain over 1,300 feature films and are comprised of (a) the Epic library, which consists of approximately 1,000 film titles acquired between 1992 and 1997 by Credit Lyonnais Bank Nederland and Consortium de Realisation from various filmed entertainment companies, (b) the library of films released by PolyGram before March 31, 1996 and (c) the Island/Atlantic and Vision/Palace libraries, which had been previously acquired by PolyGram.
In April 1999, Alex Yemenidjian was appointed as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chris McGurk was named Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer of MGM.
In November 1999, we completed a rights offering, whereby we issued and sold 49,714,554 new shares of the common stock at a subscription price of $14.50 per share for net proceeds (after expenses of the rights offering) of approximately $715.0 million. After giving effect to the completion of the 1999 rights offering and the exercise of the subscription rights distributed in connection therewith, the Tracinda Group continued to beneficially own approximately 89.0 percent of our outstanding common stock.
In May 2000, our shelf registration statement covering the sale of up to $750.0 million of securities was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission. During 2000, we sold 5,363,800 shares of common stock for total consideration of $134.1 million pursuant to the shelf registration statement.
In February and March 2001, we sold 16,080,590 additional shares of common stock to unaffiliated investors in private placements pursuant to our shelf registration statement and 15,715,667 shares of Series B preferred stock (which were converted into 15,715,667 shares of common stock, on a one-for-one basis, upon stockholder approval on May 2, 2001) to Tracinda, for total consideration of $635.6 million.
In March 2002, pursuant to our shelf registration statement, we sold 10,550,000 additional shares of common stock in a public offering for aggregate net proceeds of $164.8 million.
Recent Developments
Amended Credit Facility. On June 11, 2002, we entered into a third amended and restated credit facility with a syndicate of banks, which amended a pre-existing credit facility, aggregating $1.75 billion consisting of a five-year $600.0 million revolving credit facility, a five-year $300.0 million term loan and a six-year $850.0 million term loan.
Treasury Stock. In July 2002, we announced a share repurchase program to purchase up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market using available cash on hand. Under this program, as of December 31, 2002, we had repurchased 2,866,800 shares at an aggregate cost of $32.7 million.
Cable Investment and Sale of Equity Interest in Bravo. In April 2001, we invested $825.0 million in cash for a 20 percent interest in two general partnerships which own and operate the American Movie Channel, the Independent Film Channel, WE: Womens Entertainment (formerly Romance Classics) and, until recently, Bravo. These partnerships were wholly-owned by Rainbow Media, which is 74 percent owned by Cablevision Systems Corporation and 26 percent owned by NBC. The proceeds of our $825.0 million investment were used as follows: (1) $365.0 million was used to repay bank debt of the partnerships; (2) $295.5 million was used to repay intercompany loans from Cablevision and its affiliates; and (3) $164.5 million was added to the working
3
capital of the partnerships. In December 2002 we sold our interest in Bravo to an affiliate of the National Broadcasting Company, Inc. for $250.0 million in cash.
Sale of Common Stock by Tracinda. In January 2003, we filed a registration statement pursuant to registration rights held by Tracinda in connection with the underwritten public offering by it of 25,000,000 shares of common stock. Tracinda also granted the underwriters an over-allotment option for 3,750,000 shares which was exercised in February 2003. We did not receive any of the proceeds of this offering. Pursuant to our contractual obligations, we paid for the costs of the offering.
The Motion Picture and Television Industry
Motion PicturesGeneral. The motion picture industry consists of two principal activities: production and distribution. Production involves the development, financing and production of feature-length motion pictures. Distribution involves the promotion and exploitation of motion pictures throughout the world in a variety of media, including theatrical exhibition, home entertainment, television and other ancillary markets. The U.S. motion picture industry can be divided into major studios and independent companies, with the major studios dominating the industry in the number of theatrical releases. In addition to us (including MGM Studios, MGM Pictures, UA Films and Orion), the major studios as defined by the Motion Picture Association of America are The Walt Disney Company (including Buena Vista, Touchstone and Miramax Films), Paramount Pictures Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (including Columbia Pictures), Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp., Universal Studios, Inc. and Warner Bros. (including Turner, New Line Cinema and Castle Rock Entertainment). The major studios are typically large diversified corporations that have strong relationships with creative talent, exhibitors and others involved in the entertainment industry and have global film production and distribution capabilities.
Historically, the major studios have produced and distributed the majority of high grossing theatrical motion pictures released annually in the United States. Over the past twelve years, the number of feature-length motion pictures released by the major studios has increased from 158 in 1990 (39.9 percent of the total) to 284 in 2002 (44.4 percent of the total). In addition, most of the studios have created or accumulated substantial and valuable motion picture libraries that generate significant revenues. These revenues can provide the major studios with a stable source of earnings that partially offsets the variations in the financial performance of their current motion picture releases and other aspects of their motion picture operations.
The independent companies generally have more limited production and distribution capabilities than do the major studios. While certain independent companies may produce as many films as a major studio in any year, independent motion pictures typically have lower negative costs and are not as widely released as motion pictures produced and distributed by the major studios. Additionally, the independent companies may have limited or no internal distribution capability and may rely on the major studios for distribution and financing.
Motion Picture Production. The production of a motion picture begins with the screenplay adaptation of a popular novel or other literary work acquired by the producer of the motion picture or the development of an original screenplay based upon a story line or scenario conceived or acquired by the producer. In the development phase, the producer may seek production financing and tentative commitments from a director, the principal cast members and other creative personnel. A proposed production schedule and budget are prepared. At the end of this phase, the decision is made whether or not to greenlight, or approve for production, the motion picture.
After greenlighting, pre-production of the motion picture begins. In this phase, the producer engages creative personnel to the extent not previously committed, finalizes the filming schedule and production budget, obtains insurance or self insures and secures completion guaranties, if necessary. Moreover, the producer establishes filming locations, secures any necessary studio facilities and stages and prepares for the start of actual filming.
4
Principal photography, or the actual filming of the screenplay, generally extends from seven to 16 weeks, depending upon such factors as budget, location, weather and complications inherent in the screenplay. Following completion of principal photography, the motion picture enters what is typically referred to as post-production. In this phase, the motion picture is edited, opticals, dialogue, music and any special effects are added, and voice, effects and music soundtracks and pictures are synchronized. This results in the production of the negative from which release prints of the motion picture are made. Major studios and independent film companies hire editors, composers and special effects technicians on the basis of their suitability for a particular picture.
The production and marketing of theatrical motion pictures requires substantial capital. The costs of producing and marketing motion pictures have increased substantially in recent years. These costs may continue to increase in the future at rates greater than normal inflation, thereby increasing the costs to us of our motion pictures. Production costs and marketing costs are generally rising at a faster rate than increases in either domestic admissions to movie theaters or admission ticket prices, leaving us and all producers of motion pictures more dependent on other media, such as home entertainment and television, and foreign markets.
Motion Picture Distribution. The distribution of a motion picture involves the licensing of the picture for distribution or exploitation in various markets, both domestically and internationally, pursuant to a release pattern. These markets include theatrical exhibition, non-theatrical exhibition (which includes airlines, hotels and armed forces facilities), home video (including rental and sell-through), presentation on television (including pay-per-view, pay, network, syndication and basic cable) and marketing of the other rights in the picture and underlying literary property, which may include publishing, merchandising and soundtracks. The domestic and international markets generally follow the same release pattern, with the starting date of the release in the international market varying from being concurrent with the domestic theatrical release to being as long as nine months afterwards. A motion picture typically is distributed by a major studio or one or more distributors that acquire rights from a studio or other producer in one or more markets or media or a combination of the foregoing.
Both major studios and independent film companies often acquire pictures for distribution through a customary industry arrangement known as a negative pickup, under which the studio or independent film company agrees before commencement of or during production to acquire from a production company all rights to a film upon completion of production, and also acquire completed films, as well as all associated obligations.
Television Production. The production of television series programming involves the development of a format based on a creative concept or literary property into a television script, the hiring of talent, the filming or taping of the program and the technical and post-production work necessary to produce a finished program. Television producers may originate projects internally or acquire them from others. If a concept is deemed suitable for development, the studio or other producer or network typically commissions and pays for a script. Once a script is ordered, one or more license agreements are negotiated with the potential broadcasters of such program. A pilot episode usually is ordered or commissioned prior to the determination of whether a series will be produced.
Television production can generally be divided into two distinct markets: network production, consisting of (a) production for the broadcast networks (i.e., ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox, UPN and WB) and made-for-cable networks (i.e., pay and basic cable networks) and (b) first-run syndication production. The economics of the two types of television production are different. In broadcast network and made-for-cable network production, a network generally orders a minimum number of initial episodes (approximately six to 13 episodes if produced for a broadcast network and approximately 13 to 22 episodes if produced for a cable network) of each new series for a license fee equal to a percentage of the programs cost. The balance of the production cost for such shows (which is customarily lower for made-for-cable productions than for productions made for broadcast networks) can only be recouped through international sales, syndication and second run domestic basic cable sales if a series is successful, and generally remains unrecouped for at least four years. In the first-run syndication
5
production business, a producer seeking to launch a new series, commits to produce a minimum number of episodes if the producer can clear the series by selling to individual television stations in sufficient markets throughout the country (generally comprising at least 75 percent of U.S. television households). Once produced, the episodes are immediately available for licensing to international broadcasters as well and can subsequently be licensed to a domestic basic cable network. This approach generally involves a lower production cost risk and earlier return on investment than the network production business; however, first-run syndicated programming generally reduces the potential total return on investment as compared to successful network production. See ProductionTelevision Production.
Television Distribution. The U.S. television market is served by network affiliated stations, independent stations and cable systems, although the number of independent stations has decreased as many formerly independent stations have become affiliated with new networks in recent years. During prime time hours, network affiliates primarily broadcast programming produced for the network. In non-prime time, network affiliates telecast network programming, off-network programming, first-run programming (programming produced for distribution on a syndicated basis) and programming produced by the local stations themselves. Independent television stations and cable networks, during both prime and non-prime time, produce their own programs and telecast off-network programs or first-run programs acquired from independent producers or syndicators. Syndicators generally are companies that sell to independent television stations and network affiliates programming produced or acquired by the syndicator for distribution.
Business Strategy
Our goal is to become a fully-integrated global entertainment content company, thereby maximizing the value of our assets, including our film and television library and our film and television production and distribution units. To achieve this goal, we seek to:
Build and Leverage Our Library. We plan to build and leverage our film and television library by:
| | Producing new motion pictures and television episodes; |
| | Aggressively marketing and repackaging our librarys titles; |
| | Developing new distribution channels; |
| | Capitalizing on developments in technology; |
| | Further penetrating emerging international markets; |
| | Licensing others the right to base television programming on our library titles; and |
| | Incentivizing our employees to drive growth in sales of our librarys titles. |
Create Branded Cable and Satellite Programming Channels. We believe we can create significant value by utilizing our library and current production to establish MGM branded cable and satellite channels. We have been actively exploring strategic alternatives to gain carriage for our proposed channels.
Maintain Film and Television Production While Improving Our Risk Profile. We intend to conduct our production business in a financially disciplined manner by:
| | Tightly monitoring development and production expenditures; |
| | Seeking co-financing partners for some of our pictures and television product, where appropriate; |
| | Entering into production agreements and joint ventures with key producers of motion pictures and television product; |
| | Entering into agreements to sell distribution rights for some of our pictures in foreign territories, where appropriate; |
6
| | Increasing our focus on the production of commercially targeted motion pictures; and |
| | Using our film library as a proven source for sequels and remakes and the expansion of certain well-tested, familiar film franchises. |
We intend to produce or co-produce and distribute seven to ten motion pictures annually through MGM Pictures across a variety of genres. Through UA Films, we also intend to distribute annually an additional ten to 15 specialty motion pictures that will have substantially lower average costs and will be produced mainly by third parties.
We plan to develop, produce and distribute television programs focusing in part on low financial risk formats, such as pre-clearing a television series for distribution prior to committing to development expenditures, as well as joint ventures, co-productions and other partnering arrangements for certain of our series.
Increase Distribution Revenues. We have taken steps to obtain greater flexibility in distributing our own product to enable us to realize additional revenue opportunities while reducing the costs associated with distribution. In 1999, we terminated our agreement with Warner Home Video so that, on February 1, 2000, we regained full control over the home video exploitation of our films. On October 31, 2000, we completed our withdrawal from United International Pictures (UIP) with respect to the international theatrical distribution of our films. We executed the transition of our international home video and theatrical/non-theatrical distribution from Warner Home Video and UIP to Fox to gain more control over our international distribution in those media and to maximize our revenue opportunities.
We plan to increase distribution revenues by:
| | Self-distributing our library as well as all motion pictures produced by MGM Pictures and UA Films in the U.S. and Canada; |
| | Expanding the sales and marketing of our home video product in each of the UK, France and Germany by exercising a contractual right to terminate Foxs provision of such services in those territories; |
| | Distributing films that we co-produce with a third party in those territories where we have distribution rights and capabilities, where appropriate; |
| | Distributing motion pictures produced by others; and |
| | Taking advantage of new distribution platforms. |
Capitalize on a Well Recognized Brand Name. We believe that the MGM name and lion logo are among the most recognized in the world. We intend to capitalize on the value inherent in our name and logo through the distribution of branded programming and the development of consumer products.
We believe that MGM should consider either growing into or becoming part of a larger, vertically integrated organization, through business combinations or other strategic alternatives, in order to maximize the value of MGMs assets. To that end, MGM has been regularly evaluating business combination opportunities and other strategic alternatives as opportunities arise, and intends to continue to do so. As of the date hereof, no agreements regarding a transaction of such nature have been reached and there can be no assurance that MGM will decide to enter into any such transaction. In addition, business combinations and other strategic alternatives involve numerous risks, including diversion of managements attention away from our operating activities and the possibility that we would need to incur substantial additional debt. We cannot assure you that we will not encounter unanticipated problems or liabilities with respect to any business combinations that may be completed by MGM, nor can we assure you that the anticipated benefits of any such transactions will be achieved.
7
Film and Television Library
We currently own or hold certain distribution rights to approximately 4,000 theatrically released motion pictures. Our library also contains the largest collection of feature films produced since 1948. In 1948, certain major studios negotiated consent decrees requiring that the studios separate their exhibition businesses from their production and distribution businesses and mandating the divestiture of certain theater holdings. This is generally believed to have triggered greater competition among the studios and an increased emphasis on the potential for commercial success in the development and production stages, resulting in a greater focus on the content and quality of the motion pictures produced and distributed by the studios. We believe that films produced and developed after 1948 generally are more valuable than pre-1948 films, a number of which are black and white.
In addition to being the largest modern motion picture library in the world, our library is also one of the most critically acclaimed libraries in the motion picture industry, representing one of the largest collections of Academy Award-winning films. The motion pictures in our library have won over 200 Academy Awards. Fourteen motion pictures in our library have won the Academy Award for Best Picture: Annie Hall, The Apartment, The Best Years of Our Lives, Dances With Wolves, Hamlet, In the Heat of the Night, Marty, Midnight Cowboy, Platoon, Rain Man, Rocky, The Silence of the Lambs, Tom Jones and West Side Story.
Our library also includes over 10,200 episodes from television series previously broadcast on prime-time network television, cable or in first-run syndication, including episodes of The Addams Family, American Gladiators, Bat Masterson, Cagney & Lacey, Fame, Green Acres, Highway Patrol, In the Heat of the Night, Mr. Ed, The Patty Duke Show, Pink Panther, Sea Hunt and thirtysomething. The television programs in our library have won, among others, 108 Emmy awards and 17 Golden Globe awards.
Our library includes titles from a wide range of genres, including dramas, comedies, action-adventure movies, westerns and suspense thrillers. We believe that our librarys diversity, quality and extensive size provides us with substantial competitive advantages. We seek to continue to build upon these advantages by producing and acquiring new motion pictures across a variety of genres and budget ranges to update and enhance our library. See ProductionMotion Picture Production.
We will continue to implement the strategy of developing new projects from existing library assets. Our library represents a readily-available, market tested source of development ideas. For example, in 1999 we had success with the remake of The Thomas Crown Affair and in 1995 we had success with The Birdcage, a remake of La Cage aux Folles. Furthermore, we have successfully expanded the valuable film franchises within our library, most notably the James Bond franchise, with the commercial success of GoldenEye in 1995, Tomorrow Never Dies in 1997, The World Is Not Enough in 1999 and Die Another Day in 2002. Additionally, we have successfully developed television series based on library motion pictures such as: Poltergeist: The Legacy based on Poltergeist; Stargate SG-1 based on Stargate; and All Dogs Go to Heaven, based on the movie of the same name. We also have produced a remake of Twelve Angry Men and Inherit The Wind as made-for-television movies for Showtime Networks and Carrie as a made-for-television movie for NBC.
We, together with Danjaq LLC, are the sole owners of all of the James Bond motion pictures. In addition to the recently released James Bond picture, Die Another Day, 19 James Bond motion pictures in our library were produced and are distributed pursuant to a series of agreements with Danjaq. The James Bond motion pictures are produced by Danjaq, and we have the right to approve all key elements of the pictures, such as the selection of the director and the leading actors. The copyright in each of the motion pictures is owned jointly by MGM and Danjaq. Generally, we have the right to distribute each of the pictures in all media worldwide in perpetuity or for a term of 15 years. Where our distribution rights are not perpetual, the rights revert to joint control by MGM and Danjaq after expiration of the distribution term. The 15-year distribution term for The Living Daylights expired in 2002 and we are in the process of negotiating a renewal of the distribution term with Danjaq. Danjaq controls certain merchandising rights with respect to the pictures, and we are entitled to receive a portion of the revenues from Danjaqs merchandising licenses. Additionally, we control all the marketing rights and the music from The
8
Living Daylights (1987) and all subsequent pictures. All other rights relating to the pictures are controlled jointly by MGM and Danjaq. The agreements contain certain restrictions on the sale or licensing by MGM of any of our rights in the pictures.
In 1998, we acquired the rights to Never Say Never Again, produced by Warner Bros. and Taliafilms and, in 1999, we acquired the distribution rights to Casino Royale, produced by Columbia and Famous Artists Productions (a subsidiary of MGM). Accordingly, our library now contains every James Bond motion picture ever made, and we are the only studio to hold such rights.
We seek aggressively to market and distribute titles in our film library in existing pay and free television, home video and other markets worldwide. We believe that the size of our library allows us to minimize the over- exploitation of any title and therefore better preserve the ongoing value of our library by actively managing the rotation of titles through such markets. As of December 31, 2002, approximately 83 percent of the theatrical motion picture titles and approximately 95 percent of the television title episodes in our library have been exploited.
We also seek aggressively to market and distribute our titles through developing technology. See DistributionHome Video Distribution. We believe that the development and growth of direct broadcast satellite and other new distribution systems may generate significant incremental profits for the industry as the number of channels requiring content grows.
We have differing types of rights to the various titles in our library. In some cases, we own the title outright, with the right to exploit the title in all media and territories for an unlimited time. In other cases, the title may be owned by a third party and we may have obtained the right to distribute the title in certain media and territories for a limited term. Even if we own a title, we may have granted rights to exploit the title in certain media and territories to others. As of December 31, 2002, we owned outright, or had been granted rights in perpetuity to, approximately 65 percent of the titles in our library. Our rights in the other library titles are limited in time and, pursuant to the terms of the existing arrangements, the rights granted to us expire, with respect to approximately three percent of the library over the next two years (i.e. through the end of 2004), with respect to another approximately 24 percent over the seven years thereafter (from 2005 to 2012), and with respect to another approximately eight percent thereafter (from 2012 on). We have generally been able to renew such rights on acceptable terms; however, we cannot assure you that we will continue to be able to do so in the future. In accordance with industry practice, for purposes of calculating the size of the library, we include any title that we have the right to distribute in any territory in any media for any term.
Certain long-term pre-paid licenses were entered into before 1993 by a prior management. As of December 31, 2002, the titles included in these licenses represent a cross-section of the titles in the library, including approximately 33 percent of all pre-1990 MGM and UA titles, which remain under license in one or more of the U.S., France and Spain and approximately 37 percent of the Orion and PolyGram titles which remain under license to television in one or more of France, Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom. See DistributionTelevision Distribution. We expect to benefit as certain rights to the library that have been previously licensed to others revert to us over time. See Distribution.
Because we have historically derived approximately 35 to 40 percent of our revenues from non-U.S. sources, our business is subject to risks inherent in international trade, many of which are beyond our control. These risks include: changes in laws and policies affecting trade, investment and taxes, including laws and policies relating to the repatriation of funds and to withholding taxes; differing degrees of protection for intellectual property; financial instability and increased market concentration of buyers in foreign television markets, including in European pay television markets; the instability of foreign economies and governments; fluctuating foreign exchange rates; and war and acts of terrorism. See Regulation, Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
9
Production
Motion Picture Production
We currently develop and produce theatrical motion picture projects through two separate production entities, MGM Pictures and UA Films. MGM Pictures concentrates on developing and producing mainstream, major studio budget level films. UA Films concentrates on developing, producing and acquiring specialized films with a net cost of less than $10.0 million. Both production units are supported by centralized marketing, sales, legal, physical production and distribution functions.
MGM Pictures plans to distribute approximately seven to ten motion pictures annually across a variety of genres and budget ranges. MGM Pictures employs a development staff of creative executives who refine concepts and scripts so that projects are developed to the point that production decisions can be made. MGM Pictures has entered into production alliances with a select group of producers, many of them genre-specific. These producers will develop and produce motion pictures exclusively or semi-exclusively for MGM Pictures and will use their relationships and creative abilities to provide another source of product for MGM Pictures. The seven to ten pictures distributed by MGM Pictures are anticipated to be a combination of internally developed pictures, pictures developed and/or produced by the allied producers, pictures which are co-produced or co-financed with other major studios or independent partners and pictures acquired through negative pickups or other distribution arrangements. MGM Pictures strategy is to both increase creative diversity and mitigate financial risk in connection with motion picture production. We expect to enhance creative diversity by employing the production alliance strategy discussed above and by entering into selective production agreements with successful established producers.
We also intend to seek to spread the financial risk inherent in motion picture production, as well as increase the breadth of our release slate, by entering into co-production and/or co-financing arrangements. As an example of this strategy, in July 1999, we entered into an agreement with Miramax Films pursuant to which MGM and Miramax would jointly produce, finance and distribute motion pictures. The agreement terminated in July 2002, but we retain a profit participation in the motion picture Cold Mountain.
We have also entered into a co-financing deal for the upcoming dramatic motion picture It Runs In the Family in which we retained domestic distribution rights and a co-financing deal for the upcoming martial arts motion picture Bulletproof Monk in which we retained domestic distribution rights, distribution rights to certain foreign territories, and worldwide ancillary rights.
We have established UA Films as a New York-based artist-friendly haven for quality, independent films, which will release approximately ten to 15 motion pictures each year. These motion pictures will be produced or co-produced by UA Films or acquired through negative pickups or other distribution arrangements and will include some motion pictures in a variety of genres generally involving producers, directors, writers or other talent who typically work outside of the studio system as well as lower budget films from established filmmakers. Our investment in such pictures is expected to be significantly less than our investment for pictures produced through MGM Pictures. We believe that this strategy of releasing specialty motion pictures will add greater diversity to our release slate and enhance the library both through the addition of new film product and the building of relationships with up-and-coming producers and directors, writers and other talent. In March 2000, we entered into an agreement with filmmaker Francis Ford Coppolas production company, American Zoetrope, for the financing and distribution in the U.S. and Canada of up to ten lower-budget motion pictures to be produced by Zoetrope for UA Films over a three-year period. Under the agreement, we have a first-look on such projects developed by Zoetrope. This Agreement was scheduled to expire on March 3, 2003, but has been extended for six months until September 3, 2003.
Compared to other major studios, we believe we have entered into, and intend to pursue, fewer traditional producer or talent overhead arrangements in which a studio pays a portion of the overhead of creative talent (i.e., producer, director or actor) for the right to receive a first look at that partys projects. We generally
10
believe that our capital resources are better allocated to acquire literary properties or the services of talent for a specific project. In addition, our current business plan also calls for our annual release slates to be comprised of proportionately fewer large budget event motion pictures than the current release slates of the other major studios.
We do not own any studio facilities or stages, but lease facilities and sound stages on an as needed basis in connection with the production of specific motion picture and television projects. We have not experienced any difficulties in leasing appropriate facilities and sound stages when needed.
Motion picture production and distribution is highly speculative and inherently risky. There can be no assurance of the economic success of any motion picture since the revenues derived from the production and distribution of a motion picture (which do not necessarily bear a direct correlation to the production or distribution costs incurred) depend primarily upon its acceptance by the public, which cannot be predicted. The commercial success of a motion picture also depends upon the acceptance of competing films released into the marketplace at or near the same time, the availability of alternative forms of entertainment and leisure time activities, general economic conditions and other tangible and intangible factors, all of which can change and cannot be predicted with certainty. Further, the theatrical success of a motion picture is generally a key factor in generating revenues from other distribution channels. There is a substantial risk that some or all of our motion pictures will not be commercially successful, resulting in costs not being recouped or anticipated profits not being realized. See Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following table details our tentative 2003 domestic theatrical release schedule:
Release Schedule
| Title |
Approximate Release Date |
Summary |
Principal Actors | |||
| A Guy Thing (MGM) |
January 17, 2003 |
When a groom to be wakes up the morning after his bachelor party in bed with a strange woman, he presumes he must have cheated on his fiancée. Guilt leads him to try to cover it up in the week before the wedding, high jinks ensue. |
Jason Lee, Julia Stiles, Selma Blair, James Brolin | |||
| Dark Blue (UA) |
February 2003 |
A grizzled veteran of the elite and corrupt SIS wing of the LAPD, investigates a brutal multiple murder in the tense LA atmosphere leading up to the Rodney King riots. |
Kurt Russell, Scott Speedman, Ving Rhames, Brendan Gleeson, Michael Michele, Kurupt, Master P | |||
| Agent Cody Banks (MGM) |
March 2003 |
A teen is drafted by the U.S. government for covert missions requiring youth-sized participation. |
Frankie Muniz, Hilary Duff, Angie Harmon | |||
| Assassination Tango (UA) |
March 2003 |
A very competent but aging New York hit-man takes on his last case in Argentina, where he revels in the tango cafes of his dreams. |
Robert Duvall, Ruben Blades, Frankie Gio, Kathy Baker |
11
| Title |
Approximate Release Date |
Summary |
Principal Actors | |||
| Bulletproof Monk (MGM) |
April 2003 |
A mysterious immortal Tibetan kung fu master, who has spent the last 60 years traveling around the world protecting an ancient scroll that gives the bearer infinite powers, teams up with a street-wise kid to save the world. |
Chow Yun Fat, Seann William Scott, James King | |||
| It Runs in the Family (MGM) |
April 2003 |
Comedy about a highly successful, but dysfunctional New York family and their attempts to reconcile. |
Kirk Douglas, Michael Douglas, Cameron Douglas, Bernadette Peters | |||
| City of Ghosts (UA) |
April 2003 |
A scam artist travels to Cambodia, anxious to collect what hes owed from his criminal mentor; when he arrives, however, he quickly discovers that hes in over his head with potentially deadly consequences. |
Matt Dillon, James Caan, Stellan Skarsgard, Natascha McElhone, Gerard Depardieu, Takeshi Kitano | |||
| Together (UA) |
May 2003 |
A shy, 13 year-old boy moves from a small provincial town to study violin at a prestigious music school and finds himself torn between art and riches in a glossy, old-fashioned heartwarmer set amid the alleyways and concert halls of modern Beijing. |
Tang Yun, Liu Peiqi, Chen Hong, Wang Zhiwen, Chen Kaige | |||
| Legally Blonde II: Red, |
July 2003 |
When Elle Woods learns that her beloved dog Bruisers parents are trapped in cruel animal testing, she heads to Washington, DC to end the heartless practice. |
Reese Witherspoon, Luke Wilson, Sally Field, Bob Newhart, Jennifer Coolidge, Regina King, Alanna Ubach | |||
| Pieces of April (UA) |
July 2003 |
Estranged black sheep daughter, April, prepares a Thanksgiving dinner for her family at her dilapidated New York tenement. |
Katie Holmes, Patricia Clarkson, Oliver Platt, Derek Luke, Sean Hayes | |||
| Molly Gunn (MGM) |
August 2003 |
Left penniless when her business manager steals her fortune, a ditzy young socialite is forced to do the unthinkable: get a job. |
Brittany Murphy, Dakota Fanning, Marley Shelton, Donald Faison, Heather Locklear |
12
| Title |
Approximate Release Date |
Summary |
Principal Actors | |||
| Jeepers Creepers 2: Like a Bat Out of Hell (UA) |
August 2003 |
The Creeper is back, hungrier than ever and ready to dine on a bus full of cheerleaders and basketball players on their way home from a big game. |
Jonathan Breck | |||
| Out of Time (MGM) |
October 2003 |
A police officer gets caught up in a web of intrigue while having an affair. |
Denzel Washington, Eva Mendes | |||
| Good Boy (MGM) |
October 2003 |
A young boy adopts a dog, only to discover that its a talking dog that hails from outerspace. |
Liam Aiken, Molly Shannon, Kevin Nealon, Matthew Broderick, Carl Reiner, Brittany Murphy | |||
| Wicker Park (MGM) |
Fall 2003 |
A man obsessively searching for a lost love ends up discovering the twisted machinations of an eccentric secret admirer. |
Josh Hartnett, Rose Byrne, Diane Krueger | |||
| Barbershop 2 (MGM) |
November 2003 |
The sequel to this falls runaway hit re-teams the original filmmakers to style another crowd-pleasing comedy. |
Ice Cube | |||
| Saved (UA) |
To Be Announced |
A girl attending a Baptist high school finds herself ostracized and fending off attacks by the scheming, self-satisfied prig leader of the schools most prestigious clique. |
Jena Malone, Mandy Moore, Macaulay Culkin, Chris Evans, Patrick Fugit, Heather Matarazzo, Eva Amurri |
We may revise the release date of a motion picture as the production schedule changes or in such a manner as we believe is likely to maximize revenues. Additionally, there can be no assurance that any of the motion pictures scheduled for release will be completed, that completion will occur in accordance with the anticipated schedule or budget, or that the motion pictures will necessarily involve all of the creative talent listed above. See the discussion above in Motion Picture Production.
Television Production
We have in the past engaged in the development and production of episodic television series, mini-series and movies for distribution on domestic and international television networks, local independent and network affiliated television stations, pay television networks, basic cable networks and home video. Since the re-establishment of our television series production operations in 1994, we have obtained commitments for approximately 1,411 hours of television programming, of which approximately six percent remained to be aired as of December 31, 2002.
13
Our strategy has been to focus on the development and production of series for cable television and the first-run syndication market, which involves a lower production investment risk, and movies and mini-series for both network and off-network broadcasters. As part of our strategy, in 1994 we entered into a programming arrangement with Showtime whereby we provided television series and movies for premiere on Showtime. Showtime agreed to license from us exclusive U.S. pay television rights to the following television series: (a) 132 hours (six seasons) of The Outer Limits (winner of the Cable Ace award for Best Dramatic Series in 1995 and 1996), all of which have aired; (b) 66 episodes (three seasons) of Poltergeist: The Legacy, all of which have aired; and (c) 110 episodes (five seasons) of Stargate SG-1, all of which have aired. We have no further commitments from Showtime with respect to these series. Following their initial exhibition cycle on Showtime, we exploit these programs further in other markets. In this respect, we entered into a license agreement with Sci-Fi Channel for the exclusive domestic basic cable exhibition rights of The Outer Limits, Poltergeist: The Legacy and Stargate SG-1. Additionally, 22 new episodes of Poltergeist were produced for USA/Sci Fi, all of which have aired; 22 new episodes of The Outer Limits were produced for USA/Sci Fi, all of which have aired; and 44 new episodes of Stargate SG-1 were produced for USA/Sci Fi, of which 11 episodes have aired as of December 31, 2002, 22 episodes will be aired in 2003 and 11 episodes will be aired in 2004.
The programming agreement with Showtime also includes a commitment by Showtime to license eight made-for-television movies from us, none of which remain to be produced as of December 31, 2002. One of these movies, Dirty Pictures, won the Golden Globe award for Best Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television in 2001, giving Showtime its first ever victory in that category. In addition, Showtime has committed to licensing three new one-hour series, the first of which is Jeremiah, a one-hour action series, which is currently in production. Twenty episodes of Jeremiah have aired as of December 31, 2002. Showtime has renewed Jeremiah for its second season, of which 15 episodes will air in 2003. The second series will be Dead Like Me. All 15 episodes of Dead Like Me will be aired in 2003. The remaining series commitment remains to be produced.
In first-run syndication, we have launched a new series for the 2002/2003 broadcast season called She Spies in an arrangement with NBC for station clearances on NBC owned and operated stations. We are currently producing 20 episodes of the series, of which seven episodes remain to be aired as of December 31, 2002.
As the risks involved in the first-run syndication business have increased significantly in recent years with the advent of mass vertical integration, the resulting consolidation in the marketplace, and the recent downturn in the economy and advertising market, we are evaluating production of series for network television and continuing to focus on cable television. Although network television production typically requires greater deficit financing while offering the potential for greater financial return, we intend to pursue joint ventures, co-productions and other partnering arrangements for some of our future series in order to minimize our financial risk.
Our rich film library provides us with a vast resource for developing television production and potential licensing opportunities. Much of our past success has resulted from transforming such library product into successful television franchises, such as In the Heat of the Night, Stargate SG-1 and The Outer Limits. Currently, we are developing the following projects, among others: Legally Blonde, a half hour series adaptation of our recent hit feature film, for ABC; Barbershop, a half-hour series adaptation of our recent hit feature film; Fame, a one-hour series adaptation of our feature film, for ABC; The Thomas Crown Affairs, a one-hour adaptation of our popular feature film, for NBC; and Carrie, a one-hour series for NBC based on our recently aired television movie. In addition, we are currently licensing the animated cartoon rights in the animated series Stargate Infinity. This enables us to share in the creative process while minimizing the financial risks. Stargate Infinity will have a total of 26 episodes produced for Fox Kids on Saturday mornings, of which 13 episodes remain to be aired as of December 31, 2002.
Since our ability to recover production costs and realize profits on our television programs depends on various factors, including but not limited to the programs acceptance by the public, fluctuations in prevailing
14
advertising rates and the ability to distribute the programs subsequent to their first-run license, there can be no assurance that we can recover the production costs or realize profits on any television series. Thus, there is a substantial risk that some or all of our television projects will not be commercially successful, resulting in costs not being recouped or anticipated profits not being realized. See Distribution and Competition. There is also financial exposure to us after the programming is licensed to the extent that advertising revenues and/or license fees we receive are not sufficient to cover production costs. Moreover, we may have certain financial obligations to the producer of a series if we cancel production prior to commencement of production for any broadcast season for which the series was licensed.
Distribution
Theatrical Distribution
General. The initial step in the release of a motion picture is the booking of engagements with theatrical exhibitors. The exhibitors retain a portion of admissions paid at the box office, which generally includes a fixed amount per week, as well as a percentage of the gross receipts that escalates over time. A studios or other producers (or third party distributors) share is generally approximately 50 percent of gross box office receipts, although that percentage has generally decreased in recent years and varies depending upon factors such as market competition and the overall performance of the film.
We intend to release a slate of films appealing to a wide variety of audiences. By strategically timing the release of our motion pictures throughout the year, we seek to avoid some of the risks posed when a motion picture is inappropriately released during the most crowded and competitive box office seasons. We believe that this strategy is unlikely to have a negative impact on our ability to generate home video rentals.
All motion pictures that we release theatrically in the U.S. and Canada, whether produced by MGM Pictures, UA Films or third parties, are marketed and distributed by MGM Distribution Co.
In June 1999, we entered into an agreement with Fox pursuant to which Fox provides distribution services for our films in the international theatrical market. This distribution services arrangement took effect on November 1, 2000. Although Fox is servicing international theatrical distribution activities on our behalf, we have reserved broad powers to direct and control the handling and release of our films. We believe that this arrangement with Fox reduces the amount of fixed overhead related to the distribution of our theatrical product in the international marketplace.
Co-Production and Distribution Agreements. In addition to producing motion pictures independently, we enter into co-production agreements, split rights deals and similar arrangements under which we retain certain distribution rights with respect to a picture and share the cost of production with a partner that obtains other rights. While such agreements limit our risk relating to a motion pictures performance as they reduce our production costs, such agreements also limit profitability. We also acquire rights to distribute films through negative pickup arrangements under which we acquire a completed motion picture, or certain rights therein, from a third party. Under co-production agreements, split rights deals or negative pickup arrangements, we may be committed to spend specified amounts for prints and advertising. Additionally, we occasionally enter into rent-a-system arrangements under which we provide distribution services to an independent film company for a percentage distribution fee. Under rent-a-system arrangements, the independent film company generally is responsible for all print and advertising costs. These types of arrangements may be entered into before, during or after production of a particular motion picture.
Digital Distribution. On March 27, 2002, a wholly-owned subsidiary, MGM Digital Development Inc., acquired a one-seventh interest in NDC, LLC, a partnership created with the six other major studios to (a) develop and/or ratify standards for digital motion picture equipment and for digital cinema technology to be used in the delivery of high quality in-theatre digital cinema and (b) update and deploy a limited amount of new
15
digital motion picture equipment in theatres. We have contributed $1.0 million for our equity interest in the joint venture. The agreement has an initial term expiring on March 27, 2004.
Theatrical Marketing. Our theatrical marketing department consists of five functional groups: research, media planning, advertising, promotion and publicity. The objective of the marketing department is to maximize each motion pictures commercial potential by designing and implementing a marketing campaign tailored to appeal to the pictures most receptive audience. The marketing process begins with research before a motion picture is completed. The research department determines, through audience screenings and focus groups, a motion pictures appeal to its most likely target audience. The marketing group begins to develop marketing materials well in advance of a motion pictures scheduled theatrical release. The marketing campaign generally begins six months before release with the circulation of teaser trailers, posters and exhibitor advertising materials. The campaign becomes more aggressive two to three months before release as full-length trailers are released in theaters and additional materials are sent to exhibitors. Finally, a national media campaign is launched four to five weeks before opening day. This media campaign generally involves advertising a pictures release on national television, including network prime time and syndication markets, national cable and radio and in magazines, newspapers and specific target markets. In addition, public appearances, such as television talk shows, are arranged for a pictures stars in order to promote the film. The entire process is managed by our in-house staff, although outside agencies are frequently retained to provide certain creative services.
Home Video Distribution
Our marketing and distribution strategy in the home video market domestically and internationally is to (a) market our motion picture and television titles in cohesive consumer and retailer promotions, (b) create branded product lines, (c) adapt to a maturing VHS market and a growing DVD market and (d) release new motion pictures into the home entertainment market at the time of the year that we believe will achieve the best results.
In addition to organizing our VHS and DVD product into branded collections, we have launched an integrated sales and marketing branding initiative designed to create awareness for MGM catalog product and to drive store traffic to dedicated displays in key customer outlets. Under the MGM Means Great Movies umbrella message, the general advertising, retailer-specific advertising and all in-store signage for the MGM dedicated sections are combined to create awareness and demand for MGM catalog titles and to help consumers find them in stores.
Additionally, in connection with new films which we release into the market, we often release related library films, or groups of library films, in order to increase sales of both the library films and new releases. An example is the release of the James Bond library titles in connection with the November 2002 theatrical release of Die Another Day. We intend to continue this strategy of packaging groups of films or film franchises and releasing them in connection with the releases of our most highly visible new films. Furthermore, we have released over 600 MGM DVD titles, and now have a critical mass of properties in the marketplace from which we are able to create effective promotions that target the growing DVD consumer base.
MGM Home Entertainment manages the marketing and distribution of our current feature motion pictures and library product in the home video and other home entertainment markets.
In June 1999, we entered into an agreement with Fox pursuant to which Fox provides distribution services for our films in the international home video market. This distribution arrangement became effective on February 1, 2000. Although Fox is servicing international home video distribution activities on our behalf, we have reserved broad powers to direct and control the handling of our home video product. In 2003, we plan to expand our sales and marketing operations in Western Europe, adding France and Germany to operations already in place in the UK. We also plan to add to our North American sales, marketing and distribution operations with the addition of Canada to our existing U.S. distribution.
16
From 2001 to 2002, we increased our annual worldwide home video gross revenue from feature films from $584.5 million to $759.1 million. We believe that this increase is in part a result of effective and efficient sales, marketing and distribution of new release and library product and the growth of the DVD market.
In 2002, we continued to focus on developing strong retail relationships and programs that have increased our in-store presence. This presence has, in turn, increased our exposure to the end-consumer at retail and has had a positive impact on sales. Furthermore, our retailers have recognized our successful sales and distribution effort. In 2002, we were awarded the Vendor of the Year from Hastings, we were recognized as Studio of the Year by Ingram and we won a key vendor service award from Wal-Mart for performance.
We have entered into revenue sharing agreements for our new releases and certain library titles, pursuant to which we lease titles to rental establishments and receive a percentage of the consumer rental revenues generated from such titles. Although we can provide no assurance, we believe that such arrangements may increase our revenues from the home video rental market by allowing us to participate in increased revenues from successful titles even though these revenues will be received over a longer period.
We intend to continue capitalizing on growing distribution formats such as DVD. The DVD console installed base in the United States grew from over one million households at the beginning of 1999 to a base of approximately 40.0 million households by the end of 2002. We believe that this rapid growth, combined with the strong desire among new DVD owners to create new film collections, will continue to be a source of incremental revenue for us.
Our DVD sales have increased from $388.1 million in 2001