UNITED
STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FORM 10-K FOR ANNUAL AND
TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) |
| [X] | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended January 1, 2002 |
| [_] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File Number 0-20574THE CHEESECAKE
FACTORY INCORPORATED |
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
51-0340466 (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
| 26950 Agoura
Road Calabasas Hills, California (Address of principal executive offices) |
91301 (Zip Code) |
|
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (818) 871-3000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered
pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [_] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of the Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X] The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of March 1, 2002 was $1,533,601,002. As of March 1, 2002, 48,486,973 shares of the Registrants Common Stock, $.01 par value, were outstanding. Documents Incorporated by ReferencePart III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference information from the Registrants proxy statement for the 2002 annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 16, 2002. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Page No | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors | 1 | ||||||
| PART I | |||||||
| Item 1. | Business | 1 | |||||
| Item 2. | Properties | 16 | |||||
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 16 | |||||
| Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 16 | |||||
| PART II | |||||||
| Item 5. | Market for the Registrants Common Stock and Related | ||||||
| Stockholder Matters | 17 | ||||||
| Item 6. | Selected Consolidated Financial Data | 18 | |||||
| Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and | ||||||
| Results of Operations | 19 | ||||||
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks | 28 | |||||
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 29 | |||||
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting | ||||||
| and Financial Disclosure | 29 | ||||||
| PART III | |||||||
| Item 10. | Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant | 29 | |||||
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 29 | |||||
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management | 29 | |||||
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions | 29 | |||||
| PART IV | |||||||
| Item 14. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K | 30 | |||||
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND RISK FACTORSCertain statements in this Form 10-K which are not historical facts may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words believe, expect, anticipate, plan, intend, may, will, can, should, could and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company and its subsidiaries to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties, and other factors include, but are not limited to: changes in general economic, political or public safety conditions which affect consumer behavior and spending for restaurant dining occasions, including the ongoing ramifications of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the governmental response thereto; increasing competition in the upscale casual dining segment of the restaurant industry; adverse weather conditions which impact customer traffic at the Companys restaurants in general and which cause the temporary underutilization of outdoor patio seating available at several of the Companys restaurants; various factors which increase the cost to develop and/or affect the number and timing of the openings of new restaurants, including factors under the influence and control of government agencies and landlords; changes in the availability and/or cost of raw materials, management and hourly labor, energy or other resources necessary to successfully operate the Companys restaurants and bakery production facility; the Companys ability to raise prices sufficiently to offset cost increases, including increased costs for minimum wages, employee benefits and insurance arrangements; the success of strategic and operating initiatives, including new restaurant concepts and new bakery product lines; depth of management; adverse publicity about the Company, its restaurants or bakery products; the Companys current dependence on a single bakery production facility; the Companys ability to obtain and retain customers for its bakery operations; changes in timing and/or scope of the purchasing plans of large-account bakery customers which can cause fluctuations in bakery sales and the Companys consolidated operating results; the rate of growth of general and administrative expenses associated with building a strengthened corporate infrastructure to support the Companys growing operations; relations between the Company and its employees; the availability, amount, type, and cost of capital for the Company and the deployment of such capital, including the amounts of planned capital expenditures; changes in, or any failure to comply with, governmental regulations; the amount of, and any changes to, tax rates and the success of various initiatives to minimize taxes; and other risks and uncertainties referenced in this Form 10-K. PART IITEM 1: BUSINESSGeneralAs of March 1, 2002, The Cheesecake Factory Incorporated (referred to herein as the Company or in the first person notations we, us and our) operated 50 upscale, full-service, casual dining restaurants under The Cheesecake Factory® mark in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Washington and Washington, DC. We also operated two upscale casual dining restaurants under the Grand Lux Cafe® mark in Los Angeles, California and Las Vegas, Nevada; one self-service, limited menu express foodservice operation under The Cheesecake Factory Express® mark inside the DisneyQuest® family entertainment center in Orlando, Florida; and a bakery production facility. We also licensed three bakery cafes under The Cheesecake Factory Bakery Cafe® mark to another foodservice operator. When referred to herein, the term restaurants includes both The Cheesecake Factory and Grand Lux Cafe concepts, unless otherwise noted, and excludes the one express location and the three licensed bakery cafes unless otherwise noted. 1 |
Our Cheesecake Factory restaurants offer approximately 200 menu items including appetizers, pizza, seafood, steaks, chicken, burgers, pasta, specialty items, salads, sandwiches, omelets and desserts, including approximately 40 varieties of cheesecake and other baked desserts. Grand Lux Cafe is an upscale, casual dining concept that we are evaluating for future expansion (see The Grand Lux Cafe Restaurant Concept and Menu). In contrast to many chain restaurant operations, substantially all of our menu items (except desserts manufactured at our bakery production facility) are prepared on the restaurant premises using high quality, fresh ingredients based on innovative and proprietary recipes. We believe our restaurants are recognized by consumers for offering exceptional value with generous food portions at moderate prices. Our restaurants possess a distinctive, contemporary design and decor that creates a high-energy ambiance in a casual setting. Our restaurants currently range in size from 5,400 to 18,300 interior square feet, provide full liquor service and are generally open seven days a week for lunch and dinner, including Sunday brunch. Total restaurant sales represented 92.7%, 92.9% and 92.2% of our total revenues for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. We believe that our ability to select suitable locations and operate successful restaurants, coupled with the continuing popularity of our restaurant concepts with consumers, is reflected in our average food and beverage sales per restaurant which we believe are among the highest of any publicly-held restaurant company. Average sales per restaurant open for the full year were approximately $11.0 million, $10.6 million and $10.3 million for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. Since each of our restaurants has a customized layout and differs in size (measured in square feet), we believe the most effective method to measure sales productivity is by square foot. Average sales per productive square foot (defined as interior plus seasonally-adjusted patio square feet) for restaurants open for the full year were approximately $1,000, $976 and $942 for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. We believe that the viability of The Cheesecake Factory concept has been successfully demonstrated in a variety of site layouts, trade areas and markets across the United States. Accordingly, we intend to continue developing Cheesecake Factory restaurants in high profile locations within densely populated areas in both existing and new markets. In addition to expanding The Cheesecake Factory concept, we plan to selectively pursue other opportunities to leverage the competitive strengths of our restaurant and bakery operations, which may include new restaurant concepts such as Grand Lux Cafe or other concepts and new bakery product lines and distribution channels. In order to facilitate our expansion strategy, we plan to continue building our operating and corporate support infrastructure to focus on achieving optimal leverage and efficiencies in all of our operations. During fiscal 2001, we opened eight restaurants under The Cheesecake Factory mark and one restaurant under the Grand Lux Cafe mark. Our primary restaurant expansion objective is to increase our total restaurant productive square feet by approximately 24% to 25% during fiscal 2002. We currently expect to open as many as 12 new restaurants during fiscal 2002, of which two have opened as of March 1, 2002. Nine leases and several letters of intent have been signed as of March 1, 2002 for potential restaurant openings during fiscal 2002 and 2003. Our operations originated in 1972 as a producer and distributor of high quality cheesecakes and other baked desserts. Our first restaurant opened in Beverly Hills, California in 1978 for the primary purpose of promoting the sale of cheesecakes and other baked desserts to other foodservice operators, retailers and distributors (bakery sales). Although our restaurant operations have grown substantially during recent years, we continue to focus on increasing branded and private-label sales of bakery products in order to leverage our brand identity with consumers and to take advantage of current excess bakery production capacity. Bakery sales represented 7.3%, 7.1% and 7.8% of our total revenues for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. In February 1992, the Company was incorporated in Delaware to succeed to the restaurant and bakery businesses of its predecessors operating under The Cheesecake Factory mark. Our initial public offering of common stock was completed in September 1992. Follow-on public offerings were completed in January 1994 and November 1997. Our executive offices are located at 26950 Agoura Road, Calabasas Hills, California 91301, and our telephone number is (818) 871-3000. Our Internet site can be accessed at www.thecheesecakefactory.com. 2 |
Restaurant Competitive PositioningThe key elements of our restaurant competitive positioning are as follows: Extensive, Creative and Contemporary Menu and Bakery Product Offerings. Our restaurants offer a wide variety of items, including appetizers, pizza, seafood, steaks, chicken, burgers, pasta, specialty items, salads, sandwiches and omelets. Our menus are generally updated twice each year to respond to changing consumer dining preferences and trends. Our bakery production facility produces over 50 varieties of quality cheesecake and other baked desserts, of which approximately 40 varieties are offered at any one time in Cheesecake Factory restaurants. High Quality Products. Substantially all menu items (except the desserts manufactured at the Companys bakery production facility) are prepared daily on the restaurant premises using high quality, fresh ingredients based on innovative and proprietary recipes. We use high quality dairy and other raw ingredients in our bakery products. Exceptional Value. We believe our restaurants are recognized by consumers for offering exceptional value with generous food portions at moderate price points. The average check per restaurant guest, including beverages and desserts, was approximately $15.70, $15.40 and $15.00 for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. Superior Guest Hospitality. Our goal is to consistently meet or exceed the expectations of every restaurant guest in all facets of the dining experience. We believe that our restaurant-level employee recruitment, selection, training and incentive programs allow us to attract and retain qualified employees (staff members) who are motivated to provide consistent excellence in guest hospitality. Flexible Kitchen Capabilities and Operating Systems. Our restaurants have been strategically designed with sufficient capacity, equipment and operating systems to allow for the successful preparation and delivery of an extensive, contemporary and flexible menu which requires multiple food preparation and cooking methods executed simultaneously. Distinctive Restaurant Design and Decor. Our restaurants have a distinctive contemporary design and decor that creates a high-energy, non-chain image and upscale ambiance in a casual setting. Whenever possible, outdoor patio seating is also incorporated in the design of the restaurants, thus allowing for additional restaurant capacity (weather permitting) at a comparatively low occupancy cost per seat. High Profile Restaurant Locations and Flexible Site Layouts. We locate our restaurants in high profile locations within densely populated areas with a balanced mix of residences, businesses, shopping and entertainment outlets. In contrast to many theme restaurant operations that rely heavily on tourist traffic, our restaurants principally rely on the visit frequency and loyalty of consumers who work, reside or shop near each of our restaurants. We have the flexibility to design our restaurants to accommodate a wide variety of urban and suburban site layouts, including multi-level locations. Commitment to Selecting, Training, Rewarding, and Retaining High Quality Employees. We believe our employee recruitment and selection criteria are among the most rigorous in the restaurant industry. By providing extensive training and innovative compensation programs, we believe our employees develop a sense of personal commitment to our core values and culture of excellence in restauranteuring and guest hospitality. We believe these programs have resulted in employee turnover rates which are generally lower than average for the restaurant industry. 3 |
The Cheesecake Factory Restaurant Concept and MenuThe Cheesecake Factory restaurant concept strives to provide a distinctive dining experience at moderate price points by offering an extensive, creative and evolving menu in an upscale, high energy casual setting with efficient, attentive and friendly service. As a result, our restaurants appeal to a diverse customer base. The Cheesecake Factorys extensive menu enables us to compete for substantially all dining preferences and occasions, including not only lunch and dinner, but also the mid-afternoon and late-night dayparts which are traditionally weaker dayparts for most casual dining restaurant operations. Cheesecake Factory restaurants are not open for breakfast, but do offer Sunday brunch. All of our restaurants are open seven days a week. All items on the menu, including approximately 40 varieties of cheesecake and other quality baked desserts, may be purchased for off-premise consumption, which we believe represents approximately 10% of our restaurant sales. Our menu currently consists of approximately 19 pages and features approximately 200 items including appetizers, pizza, seafood, steaks, chicken, burgers, specialty items, pastas, salads, sandwiches and omelets. Examples of menu offerings include Tex-Mex Eggrolls, Roadside Sliders, Crusted Chicken Romano, Shrimp Scampi, Cajun Jambalaya Pasta, Santa Fe Salad, Orange Chicken and Caribbean Steak. Menu items (except those desserts manufactured at our bakery production facility) are prepared daily on the restaurant premises with high quality, fresh ingredients using innovative and proprietary recipes. We consider the extensive selection of items on our menu to be an important factor in the differentiation of our restaurants from our competitors. Menu entrees range in price from approximately $6.50 to $24.95. Appetizers range in price from $3.75 to $9.95, and desserts range from $3.95 to $6.95. One of our competitive strengths is the ability to anticipate consumer dining and taste preferences and adapt our menu to the latest trends in food consumption. We create new menu items to keep pace with changing consumer tastes and preferences and regularly update our ingredients and cooking methods to improve the quality and consistency of our food offerings. Generally every six months, we review the appeal and pricing of all of our menu items and typically update or replace as many as 10 to 20 of the items. All new menu items are tested and selected based on uniqueness, sales popularity, preparation technique and profitability. Our ability to create, promote and attractively display our unique line of baked desserts is also important to the competitive positioning and financial success of our restaurants. We believe that our brand identity and reputation for offering high quality desserts results in a higher percentage of dessert sales relative to that of most chain restaurant operators. Dessert sales represented approximately 15% of total restaurant sales for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999. Each restaurant maintains a full-service bar where appetizers or the full menu may also be purchased. The sale of alcoholic beverages represented approximately 13% of total restaurant sales for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999. We believe the majority of our alcoholic beverage sales occur with meal purchases. We place significant emphasis on the unique interior design and decor of our restaurants, which results in a higher investment per square foot of restaurant space than is typical for the industry. However, each of our restaurants has historically generated annual sales per square foot that is also typically higher than other competitors in the industry. We believe that our stylish restaurant design and decor package contributes to the distinctive dining experience enjoyed by our guests. Each restaurant features large, open dining areas and a contemporary kitchen design featuring exhibition cooking. Five restaurants offer banquet facilities. Approximately two-thirds of our restaurants offer outdoor patio seating (weather permitting), and three of our restaurants overlook waterfronts which complement the overall dining experience. The table and seating layouts of our restaurants are flexible, permitting tables and seats to be easily rearranged to accommodate large groups or parties, thus permitting more effective utilization of seating capacity. 4 |
The Grand Lux Cafe Restaurant Concept and MenuIn May 1999, we opened our first Grand Lux Cafe at the Venetian Resort-Hotel-Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. Grand Lux Cafe is an upscale, casual dining concept that offers unique global cuisine in an elegant but relaxed atmosphere. The menu at Grand Lux Cafe offers approximately 150 menu items including appetizers, pasta, seafood, steaks, chicken, burgers, salads, specialty items and desserts. Examples of specialty menu offerings include Slow Roasted Lamb Shank, Chicken Venetian, Seared Rare Ahi Tuna Tostadas, Tuscan Bread Salad and Miso Glazed Salmon. Menu entrees range in price from approximately $6.50 to $28.95. Appetizers range in price from $4.95 to $10.95 and desserts range from $4.95 to $6.95. A full-service bar and bakery are also included in the concept. Our location in the Venetian Resort-Hotel-Casino is open 24 hours a day and also serves a breakfast menu with items priced from $1.95 to 15.95. Based upon the initial success of the concept in Las Vegas, we opened a second Grand Lux Cafe at the Beverly Center in Los Angeles in November 2001 and currently plan to open an additional Grand Lux Cafe in Chicago during fiscal 2002 in order to more fully evaluate the concepts future expansion potential. Existing Restaurant LocationsAs of March 1, 2002, we operated 50 full-service restaurants under The Cheesecake Factory mark in 18 states and the District of Columbia. We also operated two Grand Lux Cafe restaurants and one self-service, limited menu express operation at DisneyQuest-Orlando under The Cheesecake Factory Express mark. We also licensed three bakery cafes under The Cheesecake Factory Bakery Cafe mark to another foodservice operator. The following table sets forth information with respect to our Company-operated restaurant locations: 5 |
Existing Company-Operated Restaurant Locations |
| Location |
Opening Year |
Approximate Interior Square Feet (1) |
Approximate Interior Seats (2) |
Approximate Patio Seats (3) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beverly Hills, CA | 1978 | 5,400 | 140 | 24 | |||||
| Marina del Rey, CA | 1983 | 9,750 | 312 | 124 | |||||
| Redondo Beach, CA (4) | 1988 | 14,000 | 359 | 165 | |||||
| Woodland Hills, CA | 1989 | 10,500 | 319 | 92 | |||||
| Washington, DC | 1991 | 12,500 | 355 | | |||||
| Newport Beach, CA | 1993 | 9,500 | 247 | | |||||
| Brentwood, CA | 1993 | 7,000 | 242 | 120 | |||||
| Atlanta, GA (Buckhead) | 1993 | 14,000 | 415 | 138 | |||||
| North Bethesda, MD | 1994 | 9,856 | 254 | | |||||
| Coconut Grove, FL | 1994 | 6,100 | 192 | | |||||
| Boca Raton, FL | 1995 | 15,742 | 422 | | |||||
| Chicago, IL | 1995 | 15,557 | 462 | 87 | |||||
| Houston, TX | 1995 | 12,488 | 356 | | |||||
| Chestnut Hill, MA | 1995 | 10,646 | 295 | 32 | |||||
| Skokie, IL | 1996 | 17,261 | 474 | | |||||
| Baltimore, MD | 1996 | 7,195 | 249 | 140 | |||||
| Kansas City, MO | 1996 | 12,795 | 304 | 140 | |||||
| Pasadena, CA | 1997 | 9,058 | 226 | | |||||
| Denver, CO | 1997 | 11,492 | 376 | 88 | |||||
| Westbury, NY | 1997 | 13,008 | 355 | | |||||
| Las Vegas, NV | 1997 | 11,952 | 274 | 70 | |||||
| Cambridge, MA | 1997 | 8,988 | 287 | 28 | |||||
| Miami, FL | 1997 | 9,583 | 310 | | |||||
| Aventura, FL | 1998 | 10,421 | 285 | 109 | |||||
| Orlando, FL (DisneyQuest) | 1998 | 3,524 | 296 | | |||||
| Irvine, CA | 1998 | 7,530 | 183 | 62 | |||||
| Dallas, TX | 1998 | 8,852 | 304 | 32 | |||||
| Sunrise, FL | 1998 | 9,237 | 244 | 154 | |||||
| San Diego, CA | 1999 | 8,944 | 262 | 110 | |||||
| Thousand Oaks, CA | 1999 | 7,496 | 230 | 80 | |||||
| Las Vegas, NV (Grand Lux Cafe) | 1999 | 18,340 | 442 | | |||||
| Columbus, OH | 1999 | 10,720 | 295 | 110 | |||||
| Boulder, CO | 1999 | 7,994 | 224 | 34 | |||||
| Providence, RI | 1999 | 9,180 | 262 | 30 | |||||
| Mission Viejo, CA | 1999 | 8,353 | 201 | 79 | |||||
| San Francisco, CA | 2000 | 10,310 | 284 | 110 | |||||
| Atlanta, GA (Perimeter Mall) | 2000 | 10,591 | 270 | 70 | |||||
| Scottsdale, AZ | 2000 | 9,753 | 284 | 70 | |||||
| Indianapolis, IN | 2000 | 11,581 | 341 | 42 | |||||
| West Palm Beach, FL | 2000 | 10,425 | 254 | 118 | |||||
| Frisco (Dallas), TX | 2000 | 11,314 | 317 | 62 | |||||
| Hackensack, NJ | 2000 | 10,506 | 298 | 100 | |||||
| Schaumburg, IL | 2001 | 10,427 | 301 | | |||||
| Phoenix, AZ | 2001 | 11,546 | 284 | 56 | |||||
| Winter Park, FL | 2001 | 14,585 | 372 | 74 | |||||
| Seattle, WA | 2001 | 11,330 | 314 | | |||||
| Sherman Oaks, CA | 2001 | 9,569 | 259 | 120 | |||||
| King of Prussia, PA | 2001 | 11,266 | 316 | | |||||
| Chandler, AZ | 2001 | 11,942 | 334 | 72 | |||||
| Tampa, FL | 2001 | 12,672 | 335 | 64 | |||||
| Los Angeles, CA (Grand Lux Cafe) | 2001 | 14,175 | 334 | | |||||
| Bellevue, WA | 2002 | 11,739 | 340 | 80 | |||||
| San Antonio, TX | 2002 | 9,956 | 319 | 44 | |||||
| Total | 568,649 | 16,009 | 3,130 | ||||||
|
6 |
| (1) | Excludes outside patio area, if applicable. |
| (2) | Average seats, including bar and banquet facilities. |
| (3) | Outdoor patio seating is typically available, weather permitting, in the Southern California and South Florida locations during most of each year and during the spring and summer seasons for other locations. |
| (4) | Excludes approximately 7,000 square feet (85 seats) of dedicated banquet space. |
|
New Restaurant Site Selection and Development We believe the locations of our restaurants are critical to our long-term success and we devote significant time and resources to analyzing each prospective site. Since The Cheesecake Factory concept can be executed within a variety of site locations (urban or suburban shopping malls, retail strip centers, office complexes and entertainment centers - - either freestanding or in-line) and layouts (single or multi-level, from 7,000 to 20,000 square feet), we can be highly selective and flexible in choosing suitable locations. In general, we currently prefer to open our restaurants at high profile sites within larger metropolitan areas with dense population and above-average household incomes. While our restaurants typically share common interior decor elements, the layout of each restaurant is customized to accommodate different types of buildings and different square feet of available space. In addition to carefully analyzing demographic information for each prospective site, we consider other factors such as visibility, traffic patterns and general accessibility; the availability of suitable parking; the proximity of residences and shopping areas, office parks and tourist attractions; the degree of competition within the trade area; and the general availability of restaurant-level employees. In contrast to many theme restaurant operations that rely heavily on tourist traffic, our restaurants principally rely on the visit frequency and loyalty of consumers who work, reside or shop in each of our trade areas. Our new restaurant development model more closely resembles that of a mall retailer, since most of our restaurants occupy leased spaces in shopping malls, office complexes, strip centers, entertainment centers and other real estate developments. We expend cash for leasehold improvements and furnishings, fixtures and equipment to build out the leased premises. We may also expend cash for permanent improvements that we make to leased premises that will be reimbursed to us by our landlords as construction contributions (also known as tenant improvement allowances) pursuant to agreed-upon terms in the respective leases. If obtained, landlord construction contributions usually take the form of up-front cash, full or partial credits against minimum or percentage rents otherwise payable by us, or a combination thereof. However, there can be no assurance that such contributions will be available for every potential location that we seek to develop into a new restaurant. In the future, we may also develop more freestanding restaurant locations using both ground leases and built-to-suit leases, which are commonly used to finance freestanding locations in the restaurant industy. We own substantially all of the equipment in our restaurants and currently plan to do so in the future We believe the relatively high and consistent sales productivity of our restaurants provides opportunities to obtain suitable leasing terms from landlords. Due to the uniquely flexible and customized nature of our restaurant operations and the complex design, construction and preopening processes for each new location, our lease negotiation and restaurant development timeframes. The development process can range from six to eighteen months after lease signing and can be subject to delays outside of our control. The number and timing of new restaurants actually opened during any given period will depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the identification and availability of suitable locations and leases; the availability of suitable financing; the timing of the delivery of the leased premises to us from landlords so that we can commence our build-out construction activities; our ability to timely obtain all necessary governmental licenses and permits to construct and operate the restaurants; any labor shortages or disputes experienced by our outside contractors; any unforeseen engineering or environmental problems with the leased premises; weather conditions that interfere with the construction process; our ability to successfully manage the design, construction and preopening processes for each restaurant; the availability of suitable restaurant management and hourly employees; and general economic conditions. While we attempt to manage those factors within our control, we have experienced unforeseen delays in restaurant openings from time to time in the past and may continue to experience such delays in the future. Most other chain restaurant operations have a greater ability to predict the timing of their new openings as a result of their ability to acquire and control the underlying real estate for their locations and/or they have smaller, more standardized restaurant layouts that are less difficult and time consuming to construct when compared to our larger, more upscale and highly-customized leased locations. 7 |
New Restaurant Sales and Investment Objectives Since each of our restaurants has a customized layout and differs in size (measured in square feet), we believe the most effective method to measure the unit economics of our concepts is by square foot. Average sales per productive square foot for our restaurants open during the entire period were $1,000, $976 and $942 for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. We currently lease spaces for each of our restaurants and are required to expend cash for leasehold improvements and furnishings, fixtures and equipment to build out the leased spaces which is targeted, on average, from $425 to $475 per square foot (excluding preopening costs and landlord construction contributions). We typically seek to obtain construction contributions from our landlords for permanent improvements that we make to the leased premises. If obtained, landlord construction contributions usually take the form of up-front cash, full or partial credits against minimum or percentage rents otherwise payable by us, or a combination thereof. Such contributions vary from lease to lease, depending on the scope of construction activities and other factors. While we have been generally successful in obtaining landlord construction contributions in the past, there can be no assurance that such contributions will be available in similar amounts, if at all, for every potential location we seek to develop into a new restaurant. On average, we target an average 2.5 to 1 sales-to-net cash investment ratio and an average 50% net cash-on-cash return when evaluating potential restaurant locations. The initial performance objectives for new concepts such as Grand Lux Cafe may be lower than average, since the first few locations for new concepts are typically in a refinement stage for a period of time. These cash-based performance targets for the Companys restaurant-level operations do not consider field supervision and corporate support expenses; exclude non-cash items such as depreciation expense; exclude income taxes and do not represent a targeted return on an investment in the Companys common stock. If we select a potential restaurant location for acquisition and development, the actual performance of the location may differ from its originally targeted performance. There can be no assurance that any new restaurant opened will have similar operating results to those of established restaurants. On average, our new restaurants usually require a 90-120 day period after opening to reach their targeted restaurant-level operating levels due to cost of sales and labor inefficiencies commonly associated with new, complex casual dining restaurants. As a result, a significant number of restaurant openings in any single fiscal quarter, accompanied with their associated preopening costs, could have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations for that fiscal quarter. Therefore, our results of operations for any single fiscal quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other fiscal quarter or for a full fiscal year. Preopening Costs for New Restaurants Preopening costs include incremental out-of-pocket costs that are directly related to the openings of new restaurants that are not otherwise capitalizable. As a result of the highly customized and operationally complex nature of our upscale, high volume concepts, the preopening process for our new restaurants is more extensive, time consuming and costly relative to that of most chain restaurant operations. The preopening cost for one of our restaurants usually includes costs to relocate and compensate an average of 11-12 restaurant management employees prior to opening; costs to recruit and train an average of 200-250 hourly restaurant employees; wages, travel and lodging costs for our opening training team and other support employees; and costs for practice service activities. Preopening costs will vary from location to location depending on a number of factors, including the proximity of our existing restaurants; the size and physical layout of each location; the number of management and hourly employees required to open each restaurant; the relative difficulty of the restaurant staffing process; the cost of travel and lodging for different metropolitan areas; and the extent of unexpected delays, if any, in obtaining final licenses and permits to open the restaurants, which may also be dependent upon our landlords obtaining their licenses and permits for the projects that our leased premises are located within. 8 |
Our direct preopening cost for a 10,000 square foot, single-story restaurant in an established Company market averages approximately $600,000 to $700,000. Preopening costs will usually be higher for larger restaurants, our initial entry into new markets and for new concepts such as Grand Lux Cafe. We usually incur the most significant portion of preopening costs for a typical restaurant opening within the two-month period immediately preceding and the month of the restaurants opening. Preopening costs will fluctuate from period to period, based on the number and timing of restaurant openings and the specific preopening costs incurred for each restaurant, and the fluctuations could be significant. We expense preopening costs as incurred. Based on our current growth objectives for fiscal 2002 and 2003, preopening costs for each of those years will likely exceed the respective amount of preopening costs for the applicable prior year. Restaurant Expansion Objectives We believe that the viability of The Cheesecake Factory concept has been successfully demonstrated in a variety of site layouts, trade areas and markets across the United States. Accordingly, we intend to continue developing Cheesecake Factory restaurants in high profile locations within densely populated areas in both existing and new markets. In addition to expanding The Cheesecake Factory concept, we plan to selectively pursue other opportunities to leverage the competitive strengths of our restaurant operations, which may include new restaurant concepts such as Grand Lux Cafe or other concepts. Our primary restaurant expansion objective is to increase our total restaurant productive square feet by approximately 24% to 25% during fiscal 2002. We currently expect to open as many as 12 new restaurants during fiscal 2002, of which two have opened as of March 1, 2002. Nine leases and several letters of intent have been signed as of March 1, 2002 for potential restaurant openings during fiscal 2002 and 2003. The following table sets forth information with respect to future restaurant locations under development as of March 1, 2002 for which leases have been signed: Future Restaurants with Signed Leases |
| Location |
Potential Opening Year |
Approximate Interior Square Feet | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boston, Massachusetts | Fiscal 2002 | 13,800 | ||||
| Edina, Minnesota | Fiscal 2002 | 10,800 | ||||
| Fort Lauderdale, Florida | Fiscal 2002 | 11,000 | ||||
| Las Vegas, Nevada | Fiscal 2002 | 9,800 | ||||
| Santa Clara, California | Fiscal 2002 | 11,000 | ||||
| Orlando, Florida | Fiscal 2002 | 11,000 | ||||
| St. Louis, Missouri | Fiscal 2002 | 9,900 | ||||
| Austin, Texas | Fiscal 2003 | 12,600 | ||||
| Chicago, Illinois (Grand Lux Cafe) | Fiscal 2002 | 20,400 | ||||
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We are currently negotiating additional leases for potential future locations that could open during fiscal 2002 and 2003. From time to time, we will evaluate opportunities to acquire and convert other restaurant locations to The Cheesecake Factory and Grand Lux Cafe concepts. However, we currently have no binding commitments (other than the signed leases set forth in the table above) or agreements to acquire or convert any other restaurant locations to our concepts. 9 |
To date, we have not experienced any significant permanent cannibalization of the sales of existing restaurants by new restaurants, and it is not our strategy to do so. However, as we gradually increase our unit presence in existing markets over time with the objective of maximizing our competitive position and total financial performance opportunity in each market, there can be no assurance that sales cannibalization will not become more significant in the future. We developed a bakery cafe format during fiscal 1997 to extend The Cheesecake Factory brand and provide a potential additional source of operating leverage for our bakery production facility. As of March 1, 2002, there were three licensed bakery cafe outlets in operation that range in size from 250 to 2,000 square feet and feature many of our unique desserts and a limited selection of beverages, sandwiches and salads in a self-service format. The first bakery cafe opened in July 1997 in the Ontario Mills shopping mall complex near Los Angeles, followed by the opening of two kiosk-type outlets in August 1997 located in the Ronald Reagan National Airport in Washington, DC. A third licensed bakery cafe opened at the MacArthur Center in Norfolk, Virginia in August 1999. All bakery cafes are currently operated by HMSHost, formerly known as Host Marriott Services Corporation, under licensing agreements with us. The Cheesecake Factory Express is currently the exclusive foodservice operator for the DisneyQuest family entertainment center located in Orlando, Florida. DisneyQuest features innovative, interactive technologies together with Disney characters to create an entertainment adventure for families and guests of all ages. Our Company-operated foodservice operation in DisneyQuest consists of a limited selection of The Cheesecake Factorys quality menu items and desserts in a self-service format at an average check of approximately $7.50 per guest. We have no current plans to develop and operate any additional bakery cafe or express operations, as we are currently focused on expanding our full-service restaurant concepts. Restaurant Operations and ManagementOur ability to consistently and correctly execute a made-from-scratch, complex menu in an upscale, high volume casual dining environment is critical to our overall success. Detailed operating procedures, standards, controls, food line management systems, and cooking methods and processes are utilized at our restaurants to accommodate our extensive menu and facilitate our sales productivity. However, the successful day-to-day operation of our restaurants remains critically dependent on the quality, ability, dedication and enthusiasm of the general manager, executive kitchen manager and all other management and hourly employees working at each restaurant. Excluding The Cheesecake Factory and Grand Lux Cafe restaurants located in Las Vegas (which are both open 365 days a year), our restaurants are open every day of the year except Thanksgiving and Christmas. Hours of operation are generally from 11:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m., except for Sunday when the restaurants open at 10:00 a.m. for brunch and on weekends when most restaurants stay open to midnight. Outdoor patio seating is available (weather permitting) at approximately two-thirds of our restaurants. We believe that the high average sales volumes and popularity of our restaurants allow us to attract and retain higher quality, experienced restaurant-level management and other operational personnel. We also believe our restaurants have experienced a lower level of employee turnover than the restaurant industry in general. Each full-service restaurant is typically staffed with one general manager, one executive kitchen manager and from six to sixteen additional kitchen and front-of-the-house management personnel, depending on the sales volume of each restaurant. On average, general managers possess at least five years of experience with us and typically have at least five additional years of management experience with other foodservice operators. All newly-recruited restaurant management personnel complete an extensive 14-15 week training program during which they receive both classroom and on-the-job instruction in food quality and preparation, customer service, alcoholic beverage service, liquor liability avoidance, financial management and cost controls, risk management, employee relations and our core values and culture of superior guest hospitality. We also provide our restaurant managers with detailed manuals covering food and beverage standards and the proper operation of our restaurants. We are committed to operational excellence in every component of our restaurant operations. 10 |
Efficient, attentive and friendly guest service is integral to our overall concept and brand identity. Each restaurant is staffed, on average, with approximately 200-250 hourly employees. We require each hourly employee to participate in a formal training program for their respective position in the restaurant. For example, new servers at each restaurant currently participate in approximately three weeks of training during which each server works under the supervision of restaurant management. We strive to instill enthusiasm and dedication in our employees and regularly solicit suggestions concerning restaurant operations and all aspects of our business. Our future growth and financial success will be highly dependent upon our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified employees who are capable of successfully managing upscale, high volume casual dining restaurants and consistently executing our extensive and complex menu. The availability and retention of qualified restaurant management employees continues to be a significant industry-wide challenge facing restaurant operators. To enable us to more effectively compete for and retain the highest quality restaurant management personnel available, we maintain an innovative and comprehensive compensation program for our restaurant general managers and executive kitchen managers. Each participant in the program receives a competitive base salary and has the opportunity to earn an annual cash bonus (calculated and paid quarterly) based on the performance of his or her restaurant. Participating restaurant general managers also are eligible to utilize a company-leased vehicle, for which all nonbusiness use thereof is valued and added to the participants taxable income pursuant to income tax regulations. A longer-term equity accumulation opportunity, based on Company stock options, is also available to participating restaurant general managers and executive kitchen managers that is dependent upon the participants extended service with us in their respective positions (at least five years) and their achievement of certain agreed-upon performance objectives during that five-year period. Additionally, all other salaried restaurant management employees are eligible to receive annual stock option grants, based on their base compensation and tenure with the Company and our consolidated results of operations. The restaurant general managers are responsible for selecting and training the hourly employees for their restaurants. Restaurant general managers report to area directors of operations, who typically supervise the operations of five to seven restaurants depending upon geographical and management experience factors. In turn, each area director of operations currently reports to the senior vice president for restaurant operations. Our restaurant field supervision organization also includes a senior vice president for kitchen operations, area kitchen operations managers and performance development (training) professionals who are responsible for managing new restaurant openings and training for all operational employees. As we open new restaurants, our field supervision and performance development staffs will also expand appropriately. We maintain financial and accounting controls in our restaurants through the use of a sophisticated point-of-sale (POS) cash register system and personal computer network in each restaurant that interfaces with the computer network in the corporate office using a frame relay communication system. The POS system is also utilized to authorize and transmit credit card sales transactions. The POS system and personal computer network provides our restaurant management with daily and weekly information regarding sales, cash receipts, inventory, food and beverage costs, labor costs and other controllable operating expenses. Each restaurant also has an onsite accounting technician who assists in the accumulation and processing of accounting and other administrative information. Field supervision employees also make extensive use of laptop computers that also interface with the restaurant and corporate networks. During the first half of fiscal 2001, we installed upgraded computer technology into our restaurants to improve our operating efficiencies and reporting capabilities. All of our restaurants were outfitted with a new POS system that incorporates the latest technology for such systems and an automated front desk management system that affords us the opportunity to better optimize our seating capacity and increase our speed of operations. During the first half of fiscal 2002, we plan to install upgraded labor timekeeping and scheduling software on our POS system. We also plan to more extensively utilize our frame relay communications capability for restaurant training purposes. 11 |
Bakery OperationsThe Companys operations originated in 1972 as a producer and distributor of high quality cheesecakes and other baked desserts. The creation, production and marketing of quality cheesecakes and other baked desserts remain a cornerstone of our brand identity. At our state-of-the-art bakery production facility in Calabasas Hills, California, we produce approximately 50 varieties of cheesecake based on our proprietary recipes. Some of our popular cheesecakes include the Original Cheesecake, White Chocolate Raspberry Truffle®, Chocolate Peanut Butter Cookie-Dough, Kahlua Cocoa Coffee, Dutch Apple Caramel Streusel, Fresh Strawberry and Triple Chocolate Brownie Truffle®. Other popular baked desserts include chocolate fudge cake, carrot cake, blackout cake and apple dumplings. In the aggregate, our bakery production facility currently produces approximately 300 product SKUs. The commissary role of our bakery operations is to produce innovative, high quality cheesecakes and other baked desserts for sale at our restaurants. Dessert sales represented approximately 15% of our total restaurant sales for both fiscal 2001 and 2000 and are important to restaurant-level profitability. We also market some of our more popular cheesecakes and other baked products on a wholesale basis to other foodservice operators, retailers and distributors. Approximately two thirds of the bakerys production activities is currently devoted to our outside customers, with the remaining one third devoted to supplying our restaurants. Cheesecakes and other items produced for outside accounts are marketed under The Cheesecake Factory mark, The Dream Factory® mark, The Cheesecake Factory Bakery® mark and private labels. Current large-account customers include the leading national warehouse club operators, institutional foodservice distributors, supermarkets, and other restaurant and foodservice operators. Sales to warehouse club operators represented approximately 49%, 55% and 57% of our total outside bakery sales for fiscal 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. Bakery products are delivered daily to our restaurants and other customers in the Southern California area by our delivery vehicles, and are shipped to all other markets in the United States by common carrier. We also contract with an outside fulfillment company to process our mail order sales. Frozen bakery products are also shipped internationally. All of our cheesecakes and baked desserts are currently produced at our 60,000 square foot bakery production facility and corporate center in Calabasas Hills, California. Opened in 1996 at an approximate cost of $18.6 million, this facility has approximately 45,000 square feet devoted to bakery production. During fiscal 2001, the production facility operated at approximately 65% of its estimated practical capacity. Although bakery production increased from fiscal 2000 levels, our capacity utilization remained constant during fiscal 2001 due to the addition of several new ovens and related equipment that increased our production capacity. We believe that our capacity utilization rate could increase to approximately 70% to 75% on a run-rate basis by the end of fiscal 2002, based on our expected level of production and planned capacity additions to our existing production facility during the year. We have commenced an evaluation of various alternatives to increase our future bakery production capacity, which will likely be located in a region of the country other than the West Coast. We currently expect to complete our evaluation before the end of fiscal 2002 and to commence initial capacity addition activities during fiscal 2003. 12 |
Advertising and PromotionWe compete in the upscale, casual dining segment of the restaurant industry. This segment is generally positioned between easily-replicated casual dining operations and expensive fine dining or dinnerhouse operations. We believe our commitment to providing consistent, exceptional value to consumers in an upscale, casual dining environment continues to be the most effective approach to attracting and retaining customers. Accordingly, we have historically relied on our high profile locations, operational excellence and word of mouth to attract and retain restaurant guests instead of using media advertising. We would consider more traditional forms of media advertising if the need arose. During fiscal 2001, our restaurant-level expenditures for advertising were less than 1% of total restaurant sales. We believe that our commitment to delivering exceptional value to consumers has enabled our newer restaurants to benefit from the brand recognition and reputation developed by our existing restaurants. We also attempt to build awareness and relationships with local hotel concierges. For restaurant openings in new markets, we generally host a high-profile event for a local charity as part of our preopening practice activities that also serves to introduce our concept to the market. In new markets, we also arrange for local television and radio stations to cover our high-profile restaurant openings and thereby provide us with free publicity. During fiscal 2001, the Company sponsored the formation of The Cheesecake Factory Oscar and Evelyn Overton Charitable Foundation that, among its other intended activities, will provide a vehicle for employee participation in qualified local community service and charitable programs. With respect to our bakery operations, we currently maintain a full-time staff of seven sales and marketing employees and three product development employees. Additionally, we utilize outside foodservice brokers from time to time for certain bakery products and distribution channels. Purchasing and DistributionWe strive to obtain quality menu ingredients, raw materials and other supplies and services for our operations from reliable sources at competitive prices. We continually research a |