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Most of our sales are derived from the sale of our veterinary diagnostic products and services.
We are a Delaware corporation and were incorporated in 1983. Our principal executive offices are located at One
IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine 04092, our telephone number is (207) 856-0300, and our Internet address is
www.idexx.com.
We make available free of charge on our Internet website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we file
such information with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.
IDEXX® , IDEXX VetLab , ACAREXX® , Colilert® , Colisure® , Defined Substrate Technology® , DST® , Enterolert , Filta-Max® , LaserCyte ,
PZI VET® , Parallux® , PetChek® , Practice Developer , Quanti-Tray® , SNAP® ,
VetLyte® , VetTest® and 3Dx are trademarks of the Company. Autoread , QBC® and VetAutoread are trademarks of
Becton, Dickinson and Company (Becton Dickinson). SimPlate® is a trademark of BioControl Systems, Inc. All other
products and company names are trademarks of their respective holders.
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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
We operate in two primary business areas: products and services for the veterinary market, which we refer to as
our Companion Animal Group (CAG) segment, and products and services for food and environmental markets, which we refer
to as our Food and Environmental Group (FEG) segment. See Note 10 to the financial statements for financial information
about our business segments, including geographic information.
COMPANION ANIMAL GROUP
Immunoassays
We provide a broad range of single-use, hand-held test kits that allow quick (in most cases, less than ten minutes),
accurate and convenient testing for a variety of companion animal diseases and health conditions. These products enable
veterinarians to provide improved service to animal owners by delivering test results in the clinic, allowing the veterinarian to
initiate therapy or prevention during the office visit, if required.
Our principal single-use tests are sold under the SNAP name, and include a feline combination test, the SNAP
Combo FIV antibody/FeLV antigen test, which enables veterinarians to test simultaneously for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline
immunodeficiency virus (FIV) (similar to the human AIDS virus); a canine combination test, the SNAP 3Dx, which tests
simultaneously for Lyme disease, Ehrlichia canis and heartworm; and a canine heartworm only test. Sales of heartworm
tests are significantly greater in the first half of our fiscal year due to seasonality of the disease.
In addition to our single-use tests, we sell a line of microwell-based test kits, under the PetChek name, which are
used by larger clinics and independent laboratories to test multiple samples. PetChek tests offer accuracy, ease of use
and cost advantages to high-volume customers. We currently sell PetChek tests for FeLV, FIV and canine heartworm disease.
Instruments
We currently market several instrument systems, as well as associated consumable products, for use in
veterinary clinics. These instruments include the following:
Blood Chemistry. Our VetTest blood chemistry analyzer is used to measure levels of certain enzymes and other
substances in blood in order to assist the veterinarian in diagnosing physiologic conditions. Twenty-one separate blood
chemistry tests can be performed on the VetTest analyzer. Commonly run tests include glucose, alkaline phosphatase, ALT
(alanine aminotransferase), creatinine, BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and total protein.
Hematology. In October 2002 we introduced the LaserCyte system, a new hematology system that uses laser flow
cytometry technology to analyze components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. We believe
that the LaserCyte system is the only in-clinic hematology system that provides veterinarians with a five-part white blood cell
differential and an absolute reticulocyte count, which provides enhanced diagnostic capabilities to veterinarians. We also sell
the QBC® VetAutoread hematology analyzer, which is based on the Becton Dickinson QBC® Autoread hematology
system that is sold to physicians for human applications.
Electrolytes.Our VetLyte system measures three electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride to aid in
evaluating acid-base and electrolyte balances and assessing plasma hydration. Test results are available in less than one
minute after sample introduction and are either displayed on the VetLyte analyzer or downloaded to the VetTest analyzer.
Quantitative Hormone Testing. The VetTest SNAP Reader allows the veterinarian to obtain quantitative
measurement of hormones including thyroxine (T4) and cortisol. These measurements assist in diagnosing and monitoring
the treatment of certain endocrine diseases, such as hyper- and hypo-thyroidism, Cushings syndrome and Addisons disease.
The VetTest SNAP Reader is a module that can be integrated with the VetTest chemistry analyzer. Samples and reagents are
introduced to the analyzer using our SNAP device.
Veterinary Laboratory and Consulting Services
We offer commercial veterinary laboratory and consulting services in the U.S. through facilities located in Arizona,
California, Colorado, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon and Texas. Through subsidiaries located in the
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United Kingdom, Japan and Australia, we offer commercial veterinary laboratory services to veterinary clinics located in
those countries. Veterinarians use our services by submitting samples by courier or overnight delivery to one of our
facilities. Our laboratories offer a large selection of tests and diagnostic panels to detect a number of disease states and other
conditions in production and companion animals.
Additionally, we provide specialized veterinary consultation, telemedicine and advisory services, including
cardiology, radiology, internal medicine, dermatology and ultrasound consulting. These services permit veterinarians to
obtain readings and interpretations of test results transmitted by telephone and over the Internet from the veterinarians
offices.
Approximately 73%, 74% and 75% of the Companys revenues were derived from sales of veterinary diagnostic
products and services within the CAG segment in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
Information Products and Services
We develop, market and sell practice information management software systems that run key functions of veterinary
clinics, including scheduling, billing and patient records management. Our systems also provide veterinarians with the
ability to electronically download laboratory results from our veterinary reference laboratories directly into the patients
medical records. We believe we are the leading provider of veterinary practice information management software systems
in the U.S. with an installed based of more than 8,000 of the approximately 25,000 veterinary hospitals in North America. We
also provide software and hardware support and derive a significant portion of our revenues for this product line from
ongoing service contracts.
Veterinary Pharmaceuticals
We develop, market and sell novel therapeutics for the veterinary market. In December 2000, we introduced
ACAREXX (.01% Ivermectin) otic suspension for the treatment of ear mites in cats, our first drug approved by the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2002 we commenced active marketing of PZI VET®, an insulin product for the
treatment of diabetic cats, under the FDAs regulatory discretion guidelines. We currently have a number of other products
under development, including a nitazoxanide-based product for treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, a
neurological disease that is believed to affect approximately 200,000 horses in the U.S.; diclofenac, a topical non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory for equine use; and tilmicosin, a long-acting, injectable antibiotic for cats. We have completed the
manufacturing, safety and efficacy components of our New Animal Drug Application (NADA) for nitazoxanide, and we
have submitted revised labeling and Freedom of Information Act summary information as requested by the FDA. We have
completed the safety and efficacy components of our NADA for diclofenac, and have submitted information relating to
manufacturing in response to questions from the FDA. We anticipate submitting information in support of a NADA for tilmicosin to the
FDA in 2003.
FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP
We sell products that detect microbial contaminants in water and antibiotic residues in milk, and a broad range of
diagnostic and health monitoring products for production animals (primarily poultry, livestock and swine).
Approximately 21%, 20% and 20% of the Companys revenues were derived from sales of food and environmental
products and services in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Through a series of transactions completed late in 1999 and
early 2000, we disposed of our food microbiology testing products and services business. Revenues from this disposed
product line were approximately $0.8 million in 2000.
Water and Dairy Testing Products
Our Colilert, Colilert-18 and Colisure tests, based on patented Defined Substrate Technology (DST),
simultaneously detect total coliforms and E. coli in water. These organisms are broadly used as indicators of microbial
contamination in water. Our DST products utilize indicator-nutrients that produce a change in color or fluorescence when
metabolized by target microbes in the sample. Our water tests are used by government laboratories, water utilities and
private certified laboratories to test drinking water in compliance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
standards. The tests also are used in evaluating water used in production processes (for example, in beverage and
pharmaceutical applications) and in evaluating bottled water, recreational water, waste water and water from private wells.
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Our Enterolert product is also based on DST and detects enterococci in drinking and recreational waters, with results
available in 24 hours. Our Quanti-Tray products, when used in conjunction with our Colilert, Colilert-18, Colisure or
Enterolert products, provide users quantitative measurements of microbial contamination, rather then a presence/absence
indication. The Colilert, Colilert-18, Colisure and Quanti-Tray products have been approved by the EPA and by regulatory
agencies in certain other countries.
In August 2000, we acquired Genera Technologies Limited, a U.K.-based company that develops and sells products
for detection of cryptosporidia in water. Cryptosporidia are parasites that can cause potentially fatal gastrointestinal illness if
ingested. Testing of water supplies for cryptosporidia is mandated by regulation in the United Kingdom but is not regulated
in other countries at this time.
We offer two principal products for use in testing for antibiotic residue in milk, the SNAP Beta-lactam test and the
Parallux system, an instrument-based testing system. Dairy producers and processors use our tests for quality assurance of
raw milk, and government and food quality managers use them for ongoing surveillance.
We have entered into an agreement with the FDA under which we have agreed, among other things, to perform
specified lot release and stability testing of our SNAP Beta-lactam products and to provide related data to the FDA. If the
FDA were to determine that one or more lots of product failed to meet applicable criteria for product performance or stability,
the FDA could take various actions, including requiring us to recall products or restricting our ability to sell these products.
Sales of dairy antibiotic residue testing products were $16.3 million in 2002.
Production Animal Services
We sell diagnostic tests and related instrumentation and software that are used to detect a wide range of diseases and
monitor health status in production animals. Our production animal products are purchased primarily by government
laboratories and poultry and swine producers. Significant products include diagnostic tests for porcine reproductive and
respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and pseudorabies virus in pigs; Newcastle disease in poultry; and Johnes disease and
brucellosis in cattle.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
We market, sell and service our products in more than 50 countries through our marketing, sales and technical
service groups as well as through independent distributors and other resellers. We maintain sales offices outside the U.S. in
Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, The Netherlands, Spain, Taiwan and the United Kingdom.
Generally, we will select the appropriate distribution channel for our products based on the type of product,
technical service requirements, number and concentration of customers, regulatory requirements and other factors. We
market our veterinary diagnostic products to veterinarians both directly and through independent veterinary distributors in the
U.S., with most instruments sold directly by IDEXX sales personnel, and test kits and instrument consumables supplied both
via the distribution channel and directly. Outside the U.S., we sell our veterinary diagnostic products through independent
distributors and other resellers and, in certain countries, through our direct sales force. We market our software products and
veterinary laboratory services through our direct sales force. We market our water, dairy, livestock and poultry products
primarily through our direct sales force in the U.S. and Canada. Outside the U.S. and Canada, we market these products
through selected independent distributors and, in certain countries, through our direct sales force.
In 2002, 2001 and 2000, 29%, 28% and 27%, respectively, of our revenue was attributable to sales of products and
services to customers outside the U.S. Risks associated with foreign operations include the need for additional regulatory
approvals, possible disruptions in transportation of our products, the differing product needs of foreign customers, difficulties
in building and managing foreign operations, fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies, import/export duties and quotas,
and unexpected regulatory, economic or political changes in foreign markets. We engage in hedging activities to reduce the
effect of foreign currency fluctuations on our earnings. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for information by geographic
region; Note 1(j) to the consolidated financial statements for a description of our hedging activities; and "Quantitative and Qualitative Discosure About Market Risk" for a description of foreign currency exchange risk.
In 2002, 2001 and 2000, no customer accounted for 10% or more of our sales.
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Our business includes the development and introduction of new products and may involve entry into new business
areas. Our research and development activity is focused primarily on development of new animal drugs, new diagnostic
instrument platforms, new immunoassay devices, new diagnostic tests and improvements to our diagnostic and testing
products. Our research and development expenses were approximately $29.3 million, $28.4 million and $28.3 million in
2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
PATENTS AND LICENSES
We actively seek to obtain patent protection in the U.S. and other countries for inventions covering our products
and technologies. We also license patents and technologies from third parties. These licenses include an exclusive royalty-
bearing license of certain patents relating to diagnostic products for FIV, which expire in 2009, from The Regents of the
University of California; an exclusive royalty-bearing license of certain patents relating to DST utilized in the Colilert,
Colilert-18, Colisure and Enterolert water testing products, which expire in 2007; exclusive licenses to certain patents and
patent applications relating to detection of Lyme disease, which expire beginning in 2019, from Tulane University and the
University of Texas; and a non-exclusive royalty-bearing license from Barnes-Jewish Hospital to certain patents relating to
canine heartworm tests, which expire in 2006. In addition, we hold a U.S. patent, which expires in 2014, covering certain
methods and kits for simultaneously detecting antigens and antibodies, which covers our SNAP Combo FeLV/FIV and
Canine SNAP 3Dx combination tests.
To the extent some of our products may now, or in the future, embody technologies protected by patents, copyrights
or trade secrets of others, we may be required to obtain licenses to such technologies in order to continue to sell our products.
These licenses may not be available on commercially reasonable terms. Our failure to obtain any such licenses may delay or
prevent the sale of certain new or existing products. See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations Future Operating Results.
PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY
VetTest analyzers are manufactured for us by Tokyo Parts Industrial Company Ltd. under an agreement that renews
annually unless either party notifies the other of its decision not to renew. The dry chemistry slides used in the VetTest
analyzer (VetTest Slides) are supplied exclusively by Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. (formerly known as Johnson and
Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, Inc.) (Ortho) under supply agreements with Ortho (the Ortho Agreements). We are
required to purchase all of our requirements for VetTest Slides from Ortho to the extent Ortho is able to supply those
requirements. In addition, we have committed to minimum annual purchase volumes of certain VetTest Slides during the
term of the Ortho Agreements. The Ortho Agreements do not prohibit Ortho from selling dry chemistry slides for use in
veterinary applications, and Ortho currently sells dry chemistry slides for use in its own analyzer, which is primarily designed
for human applications but is also used in the veterinary market. However, Ortho may not sell slides that are bar-coded for
use in the VetTest analyzer to any party other than IDEXX. The Ortho Agreements expire on December 31, 2010, although our purchase obligation
may be extended at our option through December 31, 2011.
The QBC®VetAutoread system is manufactured for us by Becton Dickinson under a development and distribution
agreement that requires Becton Dickinson to supply analyzers to us through 2008 and reagents through 2010. Becton
Dickinson is the sole source of these analyzers and reagents.
Certain other components of our products, including the lasers used in our LaserCyte system, also are available from
only one source. While we do not anticipate difficulties in obtaining any of the components used in our products, the loss of
any of these sources of supply would have a material adverse effect on the Company.
We do not generally maintain significant backlog and believe that our backlog at any particular date historically has
not been indicative of future sales. However, backlog at December 31, 2002 was larger than in prior periods due to our
introduction of the LaserCyte system in the fourth quarter of 2002. As of December 31, 2002, our backlog of LaserCyte
orders was approximately $3.3 million.
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COMPETITION
We face intense competition within the markets in which we sell our products and services. We expect that future
competition will become even more intense, and that we will have to compete with changing technologies, which could affect
the marketability of our products and services. Our competitive position also will depend on our ability to develop
proprietary products, attract and retain qualified scientific and other personnel, develop and implement production and
marketing plans, obtain patent protection and obtain adequate capital resources.
We compete with many companies ranging from small businesses focused on animal health to large pharmaceutical
companies. Our competitors vary in our different markets. Academic institutions, governmental agencies and other public
and private research organizations also conduct research activities and may commercialize products, which could compete
with our products, on their own or through joint ventures. Some of our competitors have substantially greater capital,
manufacturing, marketing and research and development resources than us.
Competitive factors in our different business areas are detailed below:
Veterinary diagnostic products and food and environmental test products. We compete primarily on the basis of the
ease of use, speed, accuracy and other performance characteristics of our products and services, the breadth of our product
line and services, the effectiveness of our sales and distribution channels, the quality of our technical and customer service
and pricing.
Veterinary laboratory services. In this market, we compete primarily on the basis of quality, service and technolohgy. We
compete in certain geographic locations with Antech Diagnostics, a unit of VCA Antech, Inc.
Veterinary pharmaceuticals. We compete primarily on the basis of the performance characteristics of our products.
Veterinary practice information management software systems. We compete primarily on the basis of ease of use,
performance characteristics, effectiveness of our customer service, information handling capabilities, and advances in
technologies.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Many of our products are subject to regulation by U.S. and foreign regulatory agencies. The following is a
description of the principal regulations affecting our businesses.
Veterinary diagnostic products. Most diagnostic tests for animal health applications are veterinary biological
products that are regulated in the U.S. by the Center for Veterinary Biologics within the U.S. Department of Agricultures
(USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). The APHIS regulatory approval process involves the
submission of product performance data and manufacturing documentation. Following regulatory approval to market a
product, APHIS requires that each lot of product be submitted for review before release to customers. In addition, APHIS
requires special approval to market products where test results are used in part for government-mandated disease
management programs. A number of foreign governments accept APHIS approval as part of their separate regulatory
approvals. However, compliance with an extensive regulatory process is required in connection with marketing diagnostic
products in Japan, Germany, The Netherlands and many other countries. We also are required to have a facility license from
APHIS to manufacture USDA-licensed products. We have obtained such a license for our manufacturing facility in
Westbrook, Maine.
Our instrument systems are medical devices regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the
Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (the FDC Act). While the sale of these products does not require premarket approval by
FDA and does not subject us to the FDAs Good Manufacturing Practices regulations (GMPs), these products must not be
adulterated or misbranded under the FDC Act.
Veterinary pharmaceuticals. The manufacture and sale of veterinary pharmaceuticals are regulated by the Center for
Veterinary Medicine (CVM) of the FDA. A new animal drug may not be commercially marketed in the U.S. unless it has
been approved as safe and effective by CVM. Approval may be requested by filing a New Animal Drug Application
(NADA) with CVM containing substantial evidence as to the safety and effectiveness of the drug. Data regarding
manufacturing methods and controls are also required to be submitted with the NADA. Manufacturers of animal drugs must
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also comply with GMPs and Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs). Sales of animal drugs in countries outside the U.S.
require compliance with the laws of those countries, which may be extensive.
Water testing products. Our water tests are not subject to formal premarket regulatory approval. However, before a
test may be used as part of a water quality monitoring program required by the EPA, the test must first be approved by the
EPA. The EPA approval process involves submission of extensive product performance data in accordance with an EPA
approved protocol, evaluation of the data by the EPA and publication for public comment of any proposed approval in the
Federal Register before final approval. Our Colilert, Colilert-18, Colisure, Quanti-Tray, Filta-Max and SimPlate for HPC
products have been approved by the EPA. The sale of water testing products also is subject to extensive and lengthy
regulatory processes in many other countries around the world.
Dairy testing products. The sale of dairy testing products in the U.S. is regulated by the FDA in conjunction with
the Association of Official Analytical Chemists Research Institute (AOAC-RI). Before a product may be sold, extensive
product performance data must be submitted in accordance with a protocol that is approved by the FDA and the AOAC-RI.
Following approval of a product by FDA, the product must also be approved by the National Conference on Interstate Milk
Shipments (NCIMS), an oversight body that includes state, federal and industry representatives. Our SNAP Beta-lactam
and Parallux dairy antibiotic residue testing products have been approved by the FDA and NCIMS. While some foreign
countries accept AOAC-RI approval as part of their regulatory approval process, many countries have separate regulatory
processes.
Any acquisitions of new products and technologies may subject us to additional areas of government regulation.
These may involve food, drug and water quality regulations of the FDA, the EPA and the USDA, as well as state, local and
foreign governments. See Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Future Operating Results.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2002, IDEXX had approximately 2,181 full-time and part-time employees. We are not a party
to any collective bargaining agreement and we believe that relations with our employees are good.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
We lease approximately 290,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Westbrook, Maine under a lease
expiring in 2008, approximately 75,000 square feet of industrial space in Memphis, Tennessee for use as a distribution
facility, under a lease expiring in 2007, approximately 40,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Eau Claire,
Wisconsin for our veterinary practice information management software business, under a lease expiring 2009, and
approximately 40,000 square feet of warehouse and office space in The Netherlands for use as our headquarters for Europea
operations, under a lease expiring 2008.
We also lease a total of approximately 100,000 square feet of smaller office, manufacturing and warehouse space in
the U.S. and elsewhere in the world. In addition, we own or lease approximately 112,000 square feet of space in the U.S.,
Australia and the United Kingdom for use as veterinary reference laboratories and office space for our veterinary consulting
services. Of this space, 46,000 square feet is owned by us and the remaining amount is leased, under leases having expiration
dates up to the year 2012.
We consider that the properties are generally in good condition, are well maintained, and are generally suitable and
adequate to carry on our business.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not a party to any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this
report.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
Our executive officers as of March 12, 2003 were as follows:
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