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Commission
File
Number |
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Exact name of registrants as specified in their
charters, address of principal executive offices and
registrants' telephone number |
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IRS Employer
Identification
Number |
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1-8841
1-3545
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FPL GROUP, INC.
FLORIDA POWER & LIGHT COMPANY
700 Universe Boulevard
Juno Beach, Florida 33408
(561) 694-4000 |
59-2449419
59-0247775
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State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization: Florida |
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Name of exchange
on which registered |
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |
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FPL Group, Inc.: |
Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value and Preferred Share Purchase Rights |
New York Stock Exchange |
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Corporate Units |
New York Stock Exchange |
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8% Corporate Units |
New York Stock Exchange |
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Florida Power & Light Company: None |
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: |
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FPL Group, Inc.: None |
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Florida Power & Light Company: Preferred Stock, $100 Par Value |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No ___
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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants' knowledge in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
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Indicate by check mark whether FPL Group, Inc. is an accelerated filer as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes X No |
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Indicate by check mark whether Florida Power & Light Company is an accelerated filer as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes No X |
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Aggregate market value of the voting stock of FPL Group, Inc. held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2002 (based on the closing market price on the Composite Tape on June 30, 2002) was $10,874,229,706 (determined by subtracting from the number of shares outstanding on that date the number of shares held by directors and officers of FPL Group, Inc.).
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There was no voting stock of Florida Power & Light Company held by non-affiliates as of February 28, 2003.
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The number of shares outstanding of FPL Group, Inc. common stock, as of the latest practicable date: Common Stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding at February 28, 2003: 183,040,592 shares.
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As of February 28, 2003, there were issued and outstanding 1,000 shares of Florida Power & Light Company common stock, without par value, all of which were held, beneficially and of record, by FPL Group, Inc.
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE |
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Portions of FPL Group, Inc.'s Proxy Statement for the 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof.
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This combined Form 10-K represents separate filings by FPL Group, Inc. and Florida Power & Light Company. Information contained herein relating to an individual registrant is filed by that registrant on its own behalf. Florida Power & Light Company makes no representations as to the information relating to FPL Group, Inc.'s other operations. |
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DEFINITIONS |
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Acronyms and defined terms used in the text include the following: |
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Term |
Meaning |
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ASLB |
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board |
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capacity clause |
capacity cost recovery clause |
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charter |
restated articles of incorporation, as amended, of FPL Group or FPL, as the case may be |
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DOE |
U.S. Department of Energy |
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EMF |
electric and magnetic fields |
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EMT |
energy Marketing & Trading |
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environmental clause |
environmental compliance cost recovery clause |
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ERCOT |
Electric Reliability Council of Texas |
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EPA |
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
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FAS |
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. |
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FASB |
Financial Accounting Standards Board |
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FDEP |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection |
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FERC |
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
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FGT |
Florida Gas Transmission Company |
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FIN |
FASB Interpretation No. |
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FMPA |
Florida Municipal Power Agency |
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FPL |
Florida Power & Light Company |
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FPL Energy |
FPL Energy, LLC |
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FPL FiberNet |
FPL FiberNet, LLC |
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FPL Group |
FPL Group, Inc. |
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FPL Group Capital |
FPL Group Capital Inc |
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FPSC |
Florida Public Service Commission |
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fuel clause |
fuel and purchased power cost recovery clause |
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GridFlorida |
GridFlorida LLC |
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Holding Company Act |
Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, as amended |
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IARC |
International Agency for Research on Cancer |
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ISO |
independent system operator |
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JEA |
Jacksonville Electric Authority |
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kv |
kilovolt |
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kwh |
kilowatt-hour |
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lbs/mwh |
pounds per megawatt hour |
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MAIN |
Mid-America Interconnected Network |
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Management's Discussion |
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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MAPP |
Mid-Continent Area Power Pool |
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mortgage |
FPL's mortgage and deed of trust dated as of January 1, 1944, as supplemented and amended |
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mw |
megawatt(s) |
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NEPOOL |
New England Power Pool |
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NERC |
North American Electric Reliability Council |
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Note ___ |
note ___ to consolidated financial statements |
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NRC |
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
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Nuclear Waste Policy Act |
Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 |
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NYPP |
New York Power Pool |
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O&M expenses |
other operations and maintenance expenses in the consolidated statements of income |
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OCI |
other comprehensive income |
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PFS |
Private Fuel Storage, LLC |
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PJM |
PJM Interconnection |
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PMI |
FPL Energy Power Marketing, Inc. |
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Public Counsel |
State of Florida Office of Public Counsel |
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PURPA |
Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, as amended |
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qualifying facilities |
non-utility power production facilities meeting the requirements of a qualifying facility under the PURPA |
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Reform Act |
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 |
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ROE |
return on common equity |
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RTOs |
regional transmission organizations |
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Seabrook |
Seabrook Station |
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SEC |
Securities and Exchange Commission |
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SERC |
Southeastern Electric Reliability Council |
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SPE |
special purpose entity |
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SPP |
Southwest Power Pool |
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storm fund |
storm and property insurance reserve fund |
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VIE |
variable interest entity |
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WECC |
Western Electricity Coordinating Council |
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS AND RISK FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS |
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In connection with the safe harbor provisions of the Reform Act, FPL Group and FPL are hereby filing cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause FPL Group's or FPL's actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements (as such term is defined in the Reform Act) made by or on behalf of FPL Group and FPL in this combined Form 10-K, in presentations, in response to questions or otherwise. Any statements that express, or involve discussions as to expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance (often, but not always, through the use of words or phrases such as will likely result, are expected to, will continue, is anticipated, estimated, projection, target, outlook) are not statements of historical facts and may be forward-looking. Forward-looking statements involve estimates, assumptions and uncertainties. Accordingly, any such statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to, and are accompanied by, t
he following important factors (in addition to any assumptions and other factors referred to specifically in connection with such forward-looking statements) that could cause FPL Group's or FPL's actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of FPL Group and FPL.
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Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and FPL Group and FPL undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all of such factors, nor can it assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
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The following are some important factors that could have a significant impact on FPL Group's and FPL's operations and financial results, and could cause FPL Group's and FPL's actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements:
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FPL Group and FPL are subject to changes in laws or regulations, including the PURPA and the Holding Company Act, changing governmental policies and regulatory actions, including those of the FERC, the FPSC and the utility commissions of other states in which FPL Group has operations, and the NRC, with respect to, among other things, allowed rates of return, industry and rate structure, operation of nuclear power facilities, operation and construction of plant facilities, operation and construction of transmission facilities, acquisition, disposal, depreciation and amortization of assets and facilities, recovery of fuel and purchased power costs, decommissioning costs, ROE and equity ratio limits, and present or prospective wholesale and retail competition (including but not limited to retail wheeling and transmission costs). The FPSC has the authority to disallow recovery of costs that it considers excessive or imprudently incurred.
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The regulatory process generally restricts FPL's ability to grow earnings and does not provide any assurance as to achievement of earnings levels.
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FPL Group and FPL are subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental statutes, rules and regulations relating to air quality, water quality, waste management, natural resources and health and safety that could, among other things, restrict or limit the use of certain fuels required for the production of electricity. There are significant capital, operating and other costs associated with compliance with these environmental statutes, rules and regulations, and those costs could be even more significant in the future.
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FPL Group and FPL operate in a changing market environment influenced by various legislative and regulatory initiatives regarding deregulation, regulation or restructuring of the energy industry, including deregulation of the production and sale of electricity. FPL Group and its subsidiaries will need to adapt to these changes and may face increasing competitive pressure.
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The operation of power generation facilities involves many risks, including start up risks, breakdown or failure of equipment, transmission lines or pipelines, the dependence on a specific fuel source or the impact of unusual or adverse weather conditions (including natural disasters such as hurricanes), as well as the risk of performance below expected levels of output or efficiency. This could result in lost revenues and/or increased expenses. Insurance, warranties or performance guarantees may not cover any or all of the lost revenues or increased expenses, including the cost of replacement power. In addition to these risks, FPL Group's and FPL's nuclear units face certain risks that are unique to the nuclear industry including additional regulatory actions up to and including shut down of the units stemming from public safety concerns, whether at FPL Group's and FPL's plants, or at the plants of other nuclear operators. Breakdown or failure of an FPL Energy operating facility may prevent the facility
from performing under applicable power sales agreements which, in certain situations, could result in termination of the agreement or incurring a liability for liquidated damages.
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·
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FPL Group's and FPL's ability to successfully and timely complete their power generation facilities currently under construction, those projects yet to begin construction or capital improvements to existing facilities is contingent upon many variables and subject to substantial risks. Should any such efforts be unsuccessful, FPL Group and FPL could be subject to additional costs, termination payments under committed contracts and/or the write-off of their investment in the project or improvement.
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FPL Group and FPL use derivative instruments, such as swaps, options, futures and forwards to manage their commodity and financial market risks, and to a lesser extent, engage in limited trading activities. FPL Group could recognize financial losses as a result of volatility in the market values of these contracts, or if a counterparty fails to perform. In addition, FPL's use of such instruments could be subject to prudency challenges by the FPSC and if found imprudent, cost disallowance.
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There are other risks associated with FPL Group's nonregulated businesses, particularly FPL Energy. In addition to risks discussed elsewhere, risk factors specifically affecting FPL Energy's success in competitive wholesale markets include the ability to efficiently develop and operate generating assets, the price and supply of fuel, transmission constraints, competition from new sources of generation, excess generation capacity and demand for power. There can be significant volatility in market prices for fuel and electricity, and there are other financial, counterparty and market risks that are beyond the control of FPL Energy. FPL Energy's inability or failure to effectively hedge its assets or positions against changes in commodity prices, interest rates, counterparty credit risk or other risk measures could significantly impair its future financial results. In keeping with industry trends, a portion of FPL Energy's power generation facilities operate wholly or partially without long-term power purchase
agreements. As a result, power from these facilities is sold on the spot market or on a short-term contractual basis, which may affect the volatility of FPL Group's financial results. In addition, FPL Energy's business depends upon transmission facilities owned and operated by others; if transmission is disrupted or capacity is inadequate or unavailable FPL Energy's ability to sell and deliver its wholesale power may be limited.
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FPL Group is likely to encounter significant competition for acquisition opportunities that may become available as a result of the consolidation of the power industry. In addition, FPL Group may be unable to identify attractive acquisition opportunities at favorable prices and to successfully and timely complete and integrate them.
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FPL Group and FPL rely on access to capital markets as a significant source of liquidity for capital requirements not satisfied by operating cash flows. The inability of FPL Group and FPL to maintain their current credit ratings could affect their ability to raise capital on favorable terms, particularly during times of uncertainty in the capital markets which, in turn, could impact FPL Group's and FPL's ability to grow their businesses and would likely increase interest costs.
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FPL Group's and FPL's results of operations can be affected by changes in the weather. Weather conditions directly influence the demand for electricity and natural gas and affect the price of energy commodities, and can affect the production of electricity at wind and hydro-powered facilities. In addition, severe weather can be destructive, causing outages and/or property damage, which could require additional costs to be incurred.
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FPL Group and FPL are subject to costs and other effects of legal and administrative proceedings, settlements, investigations and claims; as well as the effect of new, or changes in, tax rates or policies, rates of inflation or accounting standards.
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FPL Group and FPL are subject to direct and indirect effects of terrorist threats and activities. Generation and transmission facilities, in general, have been identified as potential targets. The effects of terrorist threats and activities include, among other things, terrorist actions or responses to such actions or threats, the inability to generate, purchase or transmit power, the risk of a significant slowdown in growth or a decline in the U.S. economy, delay in economic recovery in the U.S., and the increased cost and adequacy of security and insurance.
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FPL Group's and FPL's ability to obtain insurance, and the cost of and coverage provided by such insurance, could be affected by national events as well as company-specific events.
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FPL Group and FPL are subject to employee workforce factors, including loss or retirement of key executives, availability of qualified personnel, collective bargaining agreements with union employees or work stoppage.
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The issues and associated risks and uncertainties described above are not the only ones FPL Group and FPL may face. Additional issues may arise or become material as the energy industry evolves. The risks and uncertainties associated with these additional issues could impair FPL Group's and FPL's businesses in the future.
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PART I |
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Item 1. Business |
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FPL GROUP |
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FPL Group is a public utility holding company, as defined in the Holding Company Act. It was incorporated in 1984 under the laws of Florida. FPL Group's principal subsidiary, FPL, is engaged in the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electric energy. FPL Group Capital, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FPL Group, holds the capital stock and provides funding for the operating subsidiaries other than FPL. The business activities of these operating subsidiaries primarily consist of FPL Energy's non-rate regulated power projects. For financial information regarding FPL Group's business segments, see Note 18. At December 31, 2002, FPL Group and its subsidiaries employed 11,577 persons. |
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FPL Group is exempt from substantially all of the provisions of the Holding Company Act on the basis that FPL Group's and FPL's businesses are predominantly intrastate in character and carried on substantially in a single state in which both are incorporated. |
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Website Access to SEC Filings. FPL Group and FPL make their annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports, available free of charge on the internet website, www.fplgroup.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. |
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FPL OPERATIONS |
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General. FPL was incorporated under the laws of Florida in 1925 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FPL Group. FPL supplies electric service to a population of nearly eight million throughout most of the east and lower west coasts of Florida. During 2002, FPL served approximately 4.0 million customer accounts. The percentage of FPL operating revenues by customer class were as follows: |
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Years Ended December 31, |
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2002 |
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2001 |
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2000 |
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Residential |
55% |
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56% |
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55% |
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Commercial |
36% |
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38% |
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36% |
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Industrial |
3% |
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3% |
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3% |
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Other, including the provision for retail rate refund |
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and the net change in unbilled revenues |
6% |
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3% |
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6% |
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100% |
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100% |
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100% |
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FPL currently holds 173 franchise agreements with varying expiration dates to provide electric service in various municipalities and counties in Florida. FPL considers its franchises to be adequate for the conduct of its business. |
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Regulation. FPL's retail operations provided approximately 99% of FPL's 2002 operating revenues. Retail operations are regulated by the FPSC which has jurisdiction over retail rates, service territory, issuances of securities, planning, siting and construction of facilities and other matters. FPL is also subject to regulation by the FERC in various respects, including the acquisition and disposition of facilities, interchange and transmission services and wholesale purchases and sales of electric energy. |
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FPL's nuclear power plants are subject to the jurisdiction of the NRC. NRC regulations govern the granting of licenses for the construction and operation of nuclear power plants and subject these plants to continuing review and regulation. |
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Environmental. Federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations cover air and water quality, land use, power plant and transmission line siting, EMF from power lines and substations, oil discharge from transformers, lead paint, asbestos, noise and aesthetics, solid waste, natural resources and other environmental matters. Compliance with these laws and regulations increases the cost of electric service by requiring, among other things, changes in the design and operation of existing facilities and changes or delays in the location, design, construction and operation of new facilities. During 2002, FPL spent approximately $12 million on capital additions to comply with environmental laws and regulations. FPL's capital expenditures to comply with environmental laws and regulations are estimated at $100 million for 2003 through 2005, including approximately $39 million in 2003, and are included in projected capital expenditur
es set forth in Capital Expenditures below. Environmental regulations are subject to change. The following is a discussion of emerging federal initiatives that could potentially affect FPL: |
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Climate Change - In 2002, President Bush announced new climate change initiatives for the United States, among which is a voluntary commitment to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of United States emissions by 18% by 2012. The Bush administration is currently seeking commitments from various industrial sectors and individual companies to reach this goal. FPL Group has responded to the administration's request by becoming a charter signatory to the Administration's Climate Leaders Program. In this voluntary program, FPL Group will inventory its greenhouse gas emissions and will negotiate with EPA to set a future emissions reduction target. FPL Group believes that the planned operation of its generating portfolio, along with its current efficiency initiatives and greenhouse gas management efforts, will allow it to achieve a reduction in its rate of emissions to generation (lbs/mwh). |
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In addition to the voluntary initiative, the United States Congress is considering several legislative proposals that would establish new mandatory regulatory requirements and reduction targets for greenhouse gases. Based on reference data from government sources, FPL Group is among the lowest emitters of greenhouse gases measured by its rate of emissions to generation (lbs/mwh). However, these legislative proposals have differing methods of implementation and the impact on FPL Group's generating units and/or the financial impact to FPL Group and FPL could be material (either positive or negative), depending on the eventual structure of a mandatory program.
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Multi-Pollutant Legislation - The United States Congress and the Bush administration are considering several legislative proposals that would establish new regulatory requirements and reduction targets for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, mercury, and in some proposals, carbon dioxide. Based on reference data from government sources, FPL Group is among the lowest generators of these emissions when measured by its rate of emissions to generation (lbs/mwh). However, these multi-pollutant proposals have differing methods of implementation and the impact on FPL Group's generating units and/or the financial impact to FPL Group and FPL could be material (either positive or negative), depending on the eventual structure of any legislation enacted.
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Retail Ratemaking. The underlying concept of utility ratemaking is to set rates at a level that allows the utility the opportunity to collect from customers total revenues (revenue requirements) equal to its cost of providing service, including a reasonable rate of return on invested capital. To accomplish this, the FPSC uses various ratemaking mechanisms. |
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The basic costs of providing electric service, other than fuel and certain other costs, are recovered through base rates, which are designed to recover the costs of constructing, operating and maintaining the utility system. These basic costs include O&M expenses, depreciation and taxes, as well as a return on FPL's investment in assets used and useful in providing electric service (rate base). The rate of return on rate base approximates FPL's weighted-average cost of capital, which includes its costs for debt and preferred stock and an allowed ROE. The FPSC monitors FPL's actual ROE through a surveillance report that is filed monthly by FPL with the FPSC. The FPSC does not provide assurance that the allowed ROE will be achieved. Base rates are determined in rate proceedings, which occur at irregular intervals at the initiative of FPL, the FPSC, Public Counsel or a substantially affected party.
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In March 2002, the FPSC approved a new rate agreement regarding FPL's retail base rates, which became effective April 15, 2002 and expires December 31, 2005. The 2002-2005 rate agreement replaced a rate agreement that was effective April 15, 1999 through April 14, 2002. Both agreements include a revenue sharing mechanism for each of the twelve-month periods covered by the agreement, whereby revenues from retail base operations in excess of a stated threshold are required to be shared on the basis of two-thirds refunded to retail customers and one-third retained by FPL. Revenues from retail base operations in excess of a second threshold are required to be refunded 100% to retail customers. |
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The 1999-2002 rate agreement allowed FPL at its discretion to recover, as special depreciation, up to $100 million in each year of the three-year agreement period. The additional depreciation recovery was required to be applied to nuclear and/or fossil generating assets based on future depreciation studies. See Note 1 - Revenues and Rates and Electric Plant, Depreciation and Amortization. During the term of the agreement, FPL's ROE was from time to time outside the 10% - 12% authorized range. However, the revenue sharing mechanism described above was specified as the appropriate and exclusive mechanism to address that circumstance. The agreement included provisions which limited depreciation rates and accruals for nuclear decommissioning and fossil dismantlement costs to the then approved levels and limited amounts recoverable under the environmental clause during the term of that agreement.
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The 2002-2005 rate agreement provides for a $250 million annual reduction in retail base revenues allocated to all customers by reducing customers' base rates and service charges by approximately 7%. The revenue sharing thresholds specified in the 2002-2005 rate agreement are as follows: |
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During the term of the 2002-2005 rate agreement, FPL will not have an authorized regulatory ROE range for the purpose of addressing earnings levels. However, FPL will continue to file monthly earnings surveillance reports with the FPSC and if the reported ROE falls below 10% during the term of the 2002-2005 rate agreement, FPL may petition the FPSC to amend its base rates. The 2002-2005 rate agreement would terminate on the effective date of any final order issued in a proceeding that changes FPL's base rates. See Note 1 - Revenues and Rates. Under the 2002-2005 rate agreement, depreciation will be reduced on FPL's plant in service by $125 million in each year 2002 through 2005.
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In April 2002, the South Florida Hospital and Healthcare Association and certain hospitals filed a joint notice of administrative appeal with the FPSC and the Supreme Court of Florida appealing the FPSC's approval of the 2002-2005 rate agreement. The appellants contend that the FPSC rushed to judgment and approved the settlement without the benefit of any evidentiary record to support its actions, and requested that the Supreme Court remand the case to the FPSC for additional proceedings. Initial briefs, answer briefs and a reply brief were filed by the parties during 2002. Oral arguments are expected to take place in mid-2003. FPL intends to vigorously contest this appeal and believes that the FPSC's decision approving the 2002-2005 rate agreement will be upheld.
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Fuel costs are recovered through levelized charges per kwh established pursuant to the fuel clause and totaled $2.7 billion in 2002. These charges are calculated annually based on estimated fuel costs and estimated customer usage for the following year, plus or minus a true-up adjustment to reflect the variance of actual costs and usage from the estimates used in setting the fuel adjustment charges for prior periods. An adjustment to the levelized charges may be approved during the course of a year to reflect a projected variance based on actual costs and usage. During 2002, the FPSC approved a risk management fuel procurement program effective January 1, 2003. The program is intended to reduce the risk of unexpected fuel price volatility and the results will be reviewed by the FPSC as part of the annual review of fuel costs. See Management's Discussion - Results of Operations, Note 1 - Regulation and Note 5.
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Capacity payments to other utilities and generating companies for purchased power are recovered through the capacity clause and base rates. In 2002, $506 million was recovered through the capacity clause. Costs associated with implementing energy conservation programs totaled $78 million in 2002 and were recovered through the energy conservation cost recovery clause. Costs of complying with federal, state and local environmental regulations enacted after April 1993 are recovered through the environmental clause to the extent not included in base rates. The 1999-2002 rate agreement limited recovery of costs through the environmental clause. There is no similar provision in the 2002-2005 rate agreement; consequently prudent environmental costs incurred during this period not included in base rates will be recoverable under the environmental clause.
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The FPSC has the authority to disallow recovery of costs that it considers excessive or imprudently incurred. Such costs may include, among others, O&M expenses, the cost of replacing power lost when fossil and nuclear units are unavailable and costs associated with the construction or acquisition of new facilities.
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Competition. FPL currently faces competition from other suppliers of electrical energy to wholesale customers and from alternative energy sources and self-generation for other customer groups, primarily industrial customers. In 2002, operating revenues from wholesale and industrial customers combined represented approximately 4% of FPL's total operating revenues. Various states, other than Florida, have enacted legislation or have state commissions that have issued orders designed to allow retail customers to choose their electricity supplier. This regulatory restructuring is expected to result in a shift from cost-based rates to market-based rates for energy production and other services provided to retail customers. Although the legislation and initiatives vary substantially, common areas of focus include when market-based pricing will be available for wholesale and retail customers, what existing prudently incurred cost
s in excess of the market-based price will be recoverable and whether generating assets should be separated from transmission, distribution and other assets. It is generally believed transmission and distribution activities would remain regulated. Recently, these state restructuring efforts have diminished and several states have delayed the implementation or reversed previously approved restructuring legislation and rules. Management believes it is unlikely there will be any state actions to restructure the electric industry in Florida in the near future. |
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The FPSC promotes competition for building major new steam generating capacity by requiring investor-owned electric utilities, such as FPL, to issue a request for proposal. The request for proposal process allows independent power producers and others to bid to supply the needed generating capacity. If a bidder has the most cost-effective alternative, meets other criteria such as financial viability and demonstrates adequate expertise and experience in building and/or operating generation capacity of the type proposed, the investor-owned electric utility would seek to negotiate a power purchase agreement with the selected bidder and request that the FPSC authorize the construction of the bidder's generation capacity under the terms of the power purchase agreement. In 2002, FPL received approval to construct new generation at its Martin and Manatee sites. See System Capability and Load.
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The FERC has jurisdiction over potential changes which could affect competition in wholesale transactions. In 1999, the FERC issued its final order on RTOs which, under a variety of structures, provides for the independent operation of transmission systems for a given geographic area. In March 2001, the FERC approved GridFlorida (FPL's, Progress Energy Florida, Inc.'s and Tampa Electric Company's proposed RTO) as the RTO for peninsular Florida. In December 2001, the FPSC determined that the RTO as proposed was not in the best interest of Florida customers and required the companies to develop a modified proposal. In March 2002, FPL, Progress Energy Florida, Inc. and Tampa Electric Company filed a modified RTO proposal with the FPSC changing the structure of GridFlorida from a for-profit transmission company to a non-profit ISO. Under the proposal, FPL would continue to own its transmission lines and the ISO would manage them. In September 2002, the FPSC approved many of the aspects of the modified RTO p
roposal, allowing recovery of GridFlorida's incremental costs through the capacity clause and setting a hearing date of October 31, 2002 on market design and other outstanding issues. In October 2002, Public Counsel filed a notice of administrative appeal with the Supreme Court of Florida seeking an appeal of the FPSC's order, which caused an automatic stay of the proceedings. On October 28, 2002, the FPSC ordered that the GridFlorida proceedings be held in abeyance pending Public Counsel's appeal. On December 12, 2002, Public Counsel filed their brief. Public Counsel contends that the FPSC should not approve the ISO proposal because the FPSC cannot voluntarily abdicate its jurisdiction over retail transmission rates and transmission planning and the ISO will not be subject to the FPSC's jurisdiction. Oral arguments are scheduled for May 6, 2003. A ruling from the Supreme Court of Florida is expected in late 2003.
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In July 2002, the FERC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to reform public utilities' transmission tariffs and implement a standardized design for electric markets in the United States. The proposed rule would, among other things, require FERC regulated entities, including FPL, that own, control or operate transmission facilities to hire an independent transmission provider, which can be an RTO such as GridFlorida for the operation of those facilities. The proposed rule also will require the independent transmission provider to administer various spot markets for the sale of electricity and ancillary services and to manage congestion on the transmission system using financial congestion rights. State regulators from the southeast and western states have expressed strong reservations about FERC's proposal. FPL is evaluating the proposed rule and is currently unable to determine the effects, if any, on FPL's operations. The FERC has announced it will be issuing a "
;white paper" in April 2003 incorporating comments received on its proposed rule. The "white paper" will re-examine the schedule, which had originally proposed full implementation of the standard market design by September 2004. The FERC will allow parties to file comments on the "white paper" before issuing its final order this fall. |
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In the event the basis of regulation for some or all of FPL's business changes from cost-based regulation, existing regulatory assets and liabilities would be written off unless regulators specify an alternative means of recovery or refund. Further, other aspects of the business, such as generation assets and long-term power purchase commitments, would need to be reviewed to assess their recoverability in a changed regulatory environment. See Note 1 - Regulation. |
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System Capability and Load. As of December 31, 2002, FPL's resources for serving load consisted of 20,938 mw, of which 17,641 mw are from FPL-owned facilities (see Item 2. Properties - Generating Facilities) and 3,297 mw are obtained through purchased power contracts. See Note 17 - Contracts. Customer usage and operating revenues are typically higher during the summer months largely due to the prevalent use of air conditioning in FPL's service territory. FPL set a record all-time summer energy peak on August 1, 2002, of 19,219 mw. Occasionally, unusually cold temperatures during the winter months result in significant increases in electricity usage for short periods of time. The highest peak FPL has served to date was a winter peak of 20,190 mw, which occurred on January 24, 2003. FPL had adequate resources available at the time of these peaks to meet customer demand. |
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In 2000, with the FPSC's approval, FPL and two other Florida utilities voluntarily adopted a 20% reserve margin target to be achieved by the summer of 2004. FPL's projected reserve margin for summer of 2003 is expected to be 20%. This reserve margin will be achieved through the combination of output from FPL's generating units, purchased power contracts and the capability to reduce peak demand through the implementation of load management, which was estimated to be 1,474 mw at December 31, 2002. |
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FPL expects to complete the addition of two new gas-fired combustion turbines at its Fort Myers site and the repowering of Sanford Unit No. 4, which together will add approximately 1,300 mw by mid-2003. During 2002, FPL received approval from the FPSC to add a total of approximately 1,900 mw of natural gas combined cycle generation at its Martin and Manatee sites with a planned in-service date of June 2005. In January 2003, CPV Gulfcoast, Ltd. filed a notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Florida challenging the FPSC's approval. The expansion of Martin and Manatee is also subject to approval by a Siting Board (governor and cabinet) under the Florida Electrical Power Plant Siting Act with a decision expected to be issued by June 2003. |
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Capital Expenditures. Capital expenditures at FPL consist of the cost for construction or acquisition of additional facilities and equipment to meet customer demand. FPL's capital expenditures totaled $1.3 billion in 2002, $1.1 billion in 2001 and $1.3 billion in 2000. Capital expenditures for 2003 through 2007 are estimated to be as follows: |
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
2003 |
|
2004 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
(millions) |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Generation |
$ |
595 |
|
$ |
605 |
|
$ |
425 |
|
$ |
200 |
|
$ |
165 |
|
$ |
1,990 |
|
|
Transmission |
|
150 |
|
|
185 |
|
|
140 |
|
|
135 |
|
|
140 |
|
|
750 |
|
|
Distribution |
|
510 |
|
|
520 |
|
|
510 |
|
|
515 |
|
|
525 |
|
|
2,580 |
|
|
General and other |
|
110 |
|
|
135 |
|
|
115 |
|
|
125 |
|
|
120 |
|
|
605 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
$ |
1,365 |
|
$ |
1,445 |
|
$ |
1,190 |
|
$ |
975 |
|
$ |
950 |
|
$ |
5,925 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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These estimates are subject to continuing review and adjustment, and actual capital expenditures may vary from this estimate. See Management's Discussion - Liquidity and Capital Resources. |
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Nuclear Operations. FPL owns and operates four nuclear units, two at Turkey Point and two at St. Lucie. In June 2002, the NRC extended the operating licenses for Turkey Point Units Nos. 3 and 4, which will allow operation of these units until 2032 and 2033, respectively. FPL has not yet decided whether to exercise the option to operate past the original license expiration dates of 2012 and 2013. Nevertheless, FPL is continuing to take actions to ensure the long-term viability of the units in order to preserve this option. This decision will be made by 2007. Any adjustment to depreciation and decommissioning rates would require FPSC approval. The operating licenses for St. Lucie Units Nos. 1 and 2 expire in 2016 and 2023, respectively. In 2001, FPL filed with the NRC applications for 20-year license extensions for the St. Lucie units and expects a ruling from the NRC in the fall of 2003. The nuclear units are
periodically removed from service to accommodate normal refueling and maintenance outages, repairs and certain other modifications. The NRC's regulations require FPL to submit a plan for decontamination and decommissioning five years prior to the projected end of plant operation. FPL's current plans, under the existing operating licenses, provide for prompt dismantlement of Turkey Point Units Nos. 3 and 4 with decommissioning activities commencing in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Current plans provide for St. Lucie Unit No. 1 to be mothballed beginning in 2016 with decommissioning activities to be integrated with the prompt dismantlement of St. Lucie Unit No. 2 beginning in 2023. See estimated cost data in Note 1 - Decommissioning and Dismantlement of Generating Plant. |
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In February 2003, the NRC issued an order, subsequent to an NRC bulletin issued in August 2002, requiring all pressurized water reactor licensees, including FPL, to perform visual and volumetric inspections of reactor vessel heads at each unit's scheduled refueling outage to identify if degradation such as cracking or corrosion has occurred. During the scheduled refueling outages for St. Lucie Unit No. 1 in October 2002 and Turkey Point Unit No. 3 in March 2003, FPL performed visual and volumetric inspections and found no degradation associated with the reactor vessel heads. Visual inspections at St. Lucie Unit No. 2 during 2001 and at Turkey Point Unit No. 4 during 2002 revealed no degradation associated with the reactor vessel heads. FPL anticipates that it will replace the reactor vessel heads at all of its nuclear units over a three-year period beginning in 2004 and has placed orders for long-lead time components. The estimated cost for the reactor vessel heads is inc
luded in capital expenditures above. |
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Fuel. FPL's generating plants use a variety of fuels. See Item 2. Properties - Generating Facilities and Note 17 - Contracts. The diverse fuel options, along with purchased power, enable FPL to shift between sources of generation to achieve an economical fuel mix. |
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FPL has four firm transportation contracts in place with FGT that together will satisfy substantially all of the anticipated needs for natural gas transportation at its existing units and the Fort Myers and Sanford additions currently under construction. The four existing contracts expire in 2015, 2021 and 2022, but each can be extended at FPL's option. To the extent desirable, FPL can also purchase interruptible gas transportation service from FGT based on pipeline availability. FPL has several short- and medium-term natural gas supply contracts to provide a portion of FPL's anticipated needs for natural gas. The remainder of FPL's gas requirements are purchased under other contracts and in the spot market. |
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FPL has, through its joint ownership interest in St. Johns River Power Park (SJRPP) Units Nos. 1 and 2, long-term coal supply and transportation contracts for a portion of the fuel needs for those units. All of the transportation requirements and a portion of the fuel supply needs for Scherer Unit No. 4 are covered by a series of annual and long-term contracts. The remaining fuel requirements will be obtained in the spot market. FPL's oil requirements are obtained under short-term contracts and in the spot market. |
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FPL leases nuclear fuel for all four of its nuclear units. Currently, FPL is storing spent fuel on site pending its removal by the DOE. See Note 1 - Nuclear Fuel. Under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, the DOE was required to construct permanent disposal facilities and take title to and provide transportation and disposal for spent nuclear fuel by January 31, 1998 for a specified fee based on current generation from nuclear power plants. Through December 2002, FPL has paid approximately $473 million in such fees to the DOE's nuclear waste fund. The DOE did not meet its statutory obligation for disposal of spent nuclear fuel under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. In 1997, a court ruled, in response to petitions filed by utilities, state governments and utility commissions, that the DOE could not assert a claim that its delay was unavoidable in any defense against lawsuits by utilities seeking money damages arising out of the DOE's failure to perform its obligations.
In 1998, FPL filed a lawsuit against the DOE seeking damages caused by the DOE's failure to dispose of spent nuclear fuel from FPL's nuclear power plants. The matter is pending. In the interim, FPL is investigating other alternatives to provide adequate storage capacity for all of its spent nuclear fuel. Based on current projections, FPL will lose its ability to store spent fuel on site for St. Lucie Unit No. 1 in 2005, St. Lucie Unit No. 2 in 2007, Turkey Point Unit No. 3 in 2007 and Turkey Point Unit No. 4 in 2009. In addition, degradation in a material used in the spent fuel pools at St. Lucie Unit No. 1 and Turkey Point Units Nos. 3 and 4 could result in implementation of alternative spent fuel storage options sooner than projected. FPL has awarded contracts to install additional storage racks in its existing spent fuel pools at all four of its nuclear units, the estimated cost of which is included in capital expenditures above. Once installed, these racks will extend the storage capacity s
uch that the ability to store spent fuel will not be lost until 2008 at St. Lucie Unit No. 1, 2012 at St. Lucie Unit No. 2, 2010 at Turkey Point Unit No. 3 and 2012 at Turkey Point Unit No. 4. FPL is pursuing various approaches to further expand spent fuel storage at the sites, including increasing rack space in its existing spent fuel pools and/or developing the capacity to store spent fuel in dry storage containers. The dry storage containers could be located at FPL's nuclear plant sites and/or at a facility operated by PFS in Utah. PFS is a consortium of eight utilities seeking to license, construct and operate an independent spent fuel storage facility. FPL joined the consortium in May 2000. PFS has filed a license application with the NRC. Hearings on the application have been completed. On March 10, 2003, the NRC's ASLB ruled that PFS must address the consequences of a hypothetical military aircraft accident into the proposed facility before such facility can be licensed. PFS has not decided wh
ether to challenge the finding in an appeal to the NRC or whether to address the consequences in further proceedings before the ASLB. Licensing decisions on other issues litigated during the hearings are pending before the ASLB. |
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In April 2002, the governor of Nevada submitted a Notice of Disapproval to Congress regarding President Bush's recommendation to develop Yucca Mountain as a nuclear waste depository. The Yucca Mountain site is the DOE's recommended location to store and dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. During May and July 2002, Congress overrode the disapproval notice through a majority vote of both houses. The President signed the joint resolution of Congress into law on July 23, 2002. The State of Nevada has initiated legal actions to attempt to block the project. |
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Energy Marketing and Trading. EMT, a division of FPL, buys and sells wholesale energy commodities, such as natural gas, oil and electric power. EMT procures natural gas and oil for FPL's use in power generation and sells excess gas and electric power. EMT also uses derivative instruments, such as swaps, options, futures and forwards to manage the commodity price risk inherent in fuel purchases and electricity sales and purchases. Substantially all of the results of EMT's activities are passed through to customers in the fuel or capacity clauses. See Management's Discussion - Energy Marketing and Trading and Market Risk Sensitivity and Note 5. |
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Electric and Magnetic Fields. In recent years, public, scientific and regulatory attention has been focused on possible adverse health effects of EMF. These fields are created whenever electricity flows through a power line or an appliance. Several epidemiological (i.e., statistical) studies have suggested a linkage between EMF and certain types of cancer, including childhood leukemia and adult lymphoma associated with occupational exposure; other studies have been inconclusive, contradicted earlier studies or have shown no such linkage. Neither these epidemiological studies nor clinical studies have produced any conclusive evidence that EMF does or does not cause adverse health effects. In 1999, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, at the culmination of a five-year federally supported research effort, pronounced that the scientific support for an EMF-cancer link is marginal and concluded that the proba
bility that EMF exposure is truly a health hazard is small but cannot be completely discounted. In 2001, the IARC conducted an evaluation of power frequency EMF and cancer; it classified power frequency magnetic fields as "possibly carcinogenic" based on an association with childhood leukemia reported in some epidemiology studies. The IARC did not conclude that power frequency EMF cause or contribute to the development of childhood leukemia or any other cancer. |
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In 2002, the California Department of Health Services submitted its EMF Risk Evaluation report to the California Public Utility Commission. The report concludes in part that "EMFs can cause some degree of increased risk of childhood leukemia, adult brain cancer, Lou Gehrig's Disease and miscarriage." The report also finds that the risk, while potentially low across the entire population, nonetheless may be sufficient to warrant regulatory attention.
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Florida has had EMF regulations in place for many years, and FPL believes it is in compliance with the FDEP regulations regarding EMF levels within and at the edge of the rights of way for transmission lines. Future changes in the FDEP regulations could require additional capital expenditures by FPL for such things as increasing the right of way corridors or relocating or reconfiguring transmission facilities. It is not presently known whether any such expenditures will be required. Currently, there are no such changes proposed to the FDEP regulations.
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Employees. FPL had 9,612 employees at December 31, 2002. Approximately 34% of the employees are represented by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) under a collective bargaining agreement with FPL that will expire October 31, 2004. |
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FPL ENERGY OPERATIONS |
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General. FPL Energy, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FPL Group Capital, was formed in 1998 to aggregate FPL Group's existing non-rate regulated energy-related operations. It is a limited liability company organized under the laws of Delaware. FPL Energy owns, develops, constructs, manages and operates domestic electric-generating facilities in wholesale energy markets. At December 31, 2002, FPL Energy had net generating capability totaling 7,250 mw, of which 6,700 mw consisted of ownership interests in operating independent power projects (see Item 2. Properties - Generating Facilities) and 550 mw of leased capacity (see Management's Discussion - Results of Operations - FPL Energy). Generation capacity spans various regions thereby reducing seasonal volatility on a portfolio basis. At December 31, 2002, the percentage of capacity by NERC region or power pool was: |
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FPL Energy is currently constructing five gas-fired power plants with a total capacity of approximately 3,700 mw, and expects to add 700 to 1,200 mw of new wind generation by the end of 2003. FPL Energy expects its future portfolio growth to come from a mix of asset acquisitions and wind development (assuming the extension of the production tax credits beyond 2003).
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In addition to the five gas-fired plants currently under construction, during 2002 FPL Energy had also been engaged in the development of various other natural gas projects. As a result of depressed economic conditions coupled with an oversupply of energy generating facilities in certain markets, projected profit margins for these projects had declined and were not sufficient to cover the cost of capital. Therefore, FPL Energy made a strategic decision during 2002 to substantially exit the fossil-fueled greenfield power plant development business for the foreseeable future. As a result, development costs associated with these abandoned projects were written off to expense. Furthermore, FPL Energy realigned its organizational structure during 2002 to lower general and administrative expenses and took other actions associated with the restructuring. See Management's Discussion - Results of Operations - FPL Energy.
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Energy Marketing and Trading. PMI, a subsidiary of FPL Energy, buys and sells wholesale energy commodities, such as natural gas, oil and electric power. PMI procures natural gas and oil for FPL Energy's use in power generation and sells any excess gas. PMI also sells the output from FPL Energy's plants which has not been sold under long-term contracts and purchases replacement power. PMI uses derivative instruments, such as swaps, options, futures and forwards, to manage the risk associated with fluctuating commodity prices and to optimize the value of FPL Energy's power generation assets. To a lesser extent, PMI engages in limited energy trading activities to take advantage of expected future favorable price movements. The results of PMI's activities are recognized in FPL Energy's operating results. See Management's Discussion - Energy Marketing and Trading and Market Risk Sensitivity, Note 1 - Energy Trading and Note 5.
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Employees. FPL Energy had 1,832 employees at December 31, 2002. The IBEW and the Utility Workers Union of America (UWUA) represented approximately 7% and 11%, respectively, of FPL Energy's employees. The collective bargaining agreement between an FPL Energy subsidiary and the IBEW expires on February 29, 2008 and the collective bargaining agreement between an FPL Energy subsidiary and the UWUA expires on December 1, 2003.
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Regulation. Currently, approximately 12% of FPL Energy's net generating capacity has qualifying facility status under the PURPA. FPL Energy's qualifying facilities generate electricity from wind, solar, fossil fuels, biomass or waste-product combustion. Qualifying facility status exempts the projects from, among other things, the application of the Holding Company Act, many provisions of the Federal Power Act, and state laws and regulations relating to rates and financial or organizational regulation of electric utilities. FPL Energy also has ownership interests in operating independent power projects that have received exempt wholesale generator status as defined under the Holding Company Act. These projects represent approximately 88% of FPL Energy's net generating capacity. Exempt wholesale generators own or operate a facility exclusively to sell electricity to wholesale customers. They are barred from selling electricity directly to retail customers. FPL Energy's exempt wholesale gener
ators produce electricity from wind, hydropower, fossil fuels and nuclear facilities. While projects with qualifying facility and exempt wholesale generator status are exempt from various restrictions, each project must still comply with other federal, state and local laws, including those regarding siting, construction, operation, licensing, pollution abatement and other environmental laws. |
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Implementation of FERC's standard market design is not expected to have a significant impact on FPL Energy's business. Nodal locational marginal pricing, which is one feature of standard market design, was previously implemented in PJM and was implemented in NEPOOL in March 2003. No time frame has been announced for implementation of standard market design in other regions. See FPL Operations - Competition.
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Environmental. FPL Energy is subject to the same environmental laws and regulations and is affected by the same emerging issues included in the discussion of FPL's business (see FPL Operations - Environmental). During 2002, FPL Energy spent approximately $70 million on capital additions to comply with environmental laws and regulations. FPL Energy's capital additions to comply with environmental laws and regulations are estimated to be $32 million for 2003 through 2005, including approximately $23 million in 2003 and are included in projected capital expenditures set forth in General above. |
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Competition. Expanded competition in a relaxed regulatory environment presents both opportunities and risks for FPL Energy. Opportunities exist for the selective acquisition of generation assets divested under deregulation plans and for the construction and operation of efficient plants that can sell power in competitive markets. Wholesale energy markets have experienced lower demand and lower wholesale electricity prices as a result of weather and economic conditions and the oversupply of generation in certain regions. FPL Energy seeks to minimize its market risk by having a diversified portfolio, by fuel type and location, as well as by contracting for the sale of a significant amount of the electricity output of its plants. As of December 31, 2002, FPL Energy has 77% of its on-peak capacity under contract. For 2004, 51% of on-peak capacity is under contract. Contracting electrical output has become progressively more difficult, as a result of overcapacity in certain regions and diminished m
arket liquidity due to fewer creditworthy counterparties. FPL Energy expects, as its existing power sales agreements expire, more of the energy produced will be sold through shorter-term contracts and into competitive wholesale markets. |
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Competitive wholesale markets in the United States continue to evolve and vary by geographic region. Revenues from electricity sales in these markets will vary based on the prices obtainable for energy, capacity and other ancillary services. Some of the factors affecting success in these markets include the ability to operate generating assets efficiently, the price and supply of fuel, transmission constraints, wind and hydro resources (weather conditions), competition from new sources of generation, demand growth and exposure to legal and regulatory changes. |
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Portfolio by Category. FPL Energy's assets can be categorized into the following three groups: wind assets, non-wind assets under long-term contract and merchant assets. |
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Wind Assets
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At December 31, 2002, FPL Energy had ownership interests in 28 operating wind plants, with a combined capacity of 1,745 mw (net ownership). Approximately 81% of FPL Energy's net ownership of wind facilities has received exempt wholesale generator status as defined under the Holding Company Act. The remaining facilities have qualifying facility status under PURPA. These facilities are located in ten states, thereby reducing weather related performance risk on a portfolio basis. FPL Energy operates all but six of these wind facilities. All facilities are under long-term contracts with utilities and power marketers, which expire from 2011 to 2027. In 2002 and 2003, all wind energy has been contracted under fixed-price agreements.
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During 2002, FPL Energy added six wind projects to its portfolio, totaling approximately 324 mw. This included the acquisition of 123 mw of operating plants and the construction of 201 mw of new capacity. At December 31, 2002, FPL Energy had 434 mw of new wind facilities under construction or in advanced development, which are expected to be in service by December 2003.
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Non-Wind Assets Under Long-Term Contract
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At December 31, 2002, FPL Energy had 1,255 mw of non-wind assets under long-term contract, essentially all of which were under long-term power sales contracts with utilities, with contract expiration dates ranging from 2008 to 2021. Approximately 1,096 mw of this capacity is gas-fired generation. The remaining 159 mw uses a variety of fuels, including coal, wood and solar. Of these facilities 44% have qualifying facility status under PURPA and 56% have received exempt wholesale generator status under PURPA. Essentially all of the qualifying facilities are contracted under firm fuel and transportation agreements with expiration dates ranging from 2011 to 2017. |
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Merchant Assets
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Merchant assets are plants whose entire output has not been sold under long-term contracts. The output from these merchant plants is sold through a combination of short- to medium-term contracts and sales in wholesale markets. The following discussion details FPL Energy's merchant assets by region:
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Northeast Region and Mid-Atlantic Region - FPL Energy's current portfolio of assets in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions includes 2,427 mw of owned nuclear, natural gas, oil and hydro generation and 550 mw of leased capacity from a gas-fired facility. Contracted fuel supply arrangements, for the leased capacity, include |