SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
[X] Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
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OR
[ ] Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from
to
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SEMPRA ENERGY
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
CALIFORNIA 1-14201 33-0732627
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(State of incorporation (Commission (I.R.S. Employer
or organization) File Number) Identification No.)
101 ASH STREET, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92101
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (619)696-2000
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SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
Name of each exchange
Title of each class on which registered
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Common stock, without par value New York and Pacific
Mandatorily redeemable trust preferred securities New York
Equity units, due 2007 New York
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ X ] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to
this Form 10-K. [X]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ X ] No [ ]
Exhibit Index on page 49. Glossary on page 58.
Aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant as of January 31, 2005 was $8.7 billion.
Registrant's common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2005 was 235,610,601
shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of the 2004 Annual Report to Shareholders are incorporated by
reference into Parts I, II, and IV.
Portions of the Proxy Statement prepared for the April 2005 annual meeting of
shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1. Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Item 2. Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Item 3. Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders . 33
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Item 6. Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations. . . . . . . . 35
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
About Market Risk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . 36
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosure. . . . . . . . 36
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Item 9B. Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant. . 39
Item 11. Executive Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
and Management and Related Stockholder Matters . . 40
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions. . . . 40
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services. . . . . . . . 40
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports
on Form 8-K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and
Report on Schedules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Exhibit Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
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INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report contains statements that are not historical fact and
constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words "estimates,"
"believes," "expects," "anticipates," "plans," "intends," "may,"
"could," "would" and "should" or similar expressions, or discussions of
strategy or of plans are intended to identify forward-looking
statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of
performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Future
results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-
looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon various
assumptions involving judgments with respect to the future and other
risks, including, among others, local, regional, national and
international economic, competitive, political, legislative and
regulatory conditions and developments; actions by the California Public
Utilities Commission, the California State Legislature, the California
Department of Water Resources, and the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission and other regulatory bodies in the United States and other
countries; capital markets conditions, inflation rates, interest rates
and exchange rates; energy and trading markets, including the timing and
extent of changes in commodity prices; the availability of natural gas;
weather conditions and conservation efforts; war and terrorist attacks;
business, regulatory, environmental and legal decisions and
requirements; the status of deregulation of retail natural gas and
electricity delivery; the timing and success of business development
efforts; and other uncertainties, all of which are difficult to predict
and many of which are beyond the control of the company. Readers are
cautioned not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statements and are
urged to review and consider carefully the risks, uncertainties and
other factors which affect the company's business described in this
report and other reports filed by the company from time to time with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Description of Business
A description of Sempra Energy and its subsidiaries (the company) is
given in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations" of the 2004 Annual Report to Shareholders,
which is incorporated by reference. The company has four separately
managed reportable segments comprised of Southern California Gas
Company (SoCalGas), San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E), Sempra
Commodities and Sempra Generation. SoCalGas and SDG&E are collectively
referred to as "the California Utilities."
Company Website
The company's website address is http://www.sempra.com/investor.htm.
The company makes available free of charge through its website its
annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current
reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports as soon as
reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with
or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. The charters of
the audit, compensation and corporate governance committees of the
company's board of directors' (the board), the board's corporate
governance guidelines, and the code of business conduct and ethics for
directors and officers are posted on the company's website. Printed
copies may be obtained by writing to the company's Corporate Secretary
at Sempra Energy, 101 Ash Street, San Diego, CA 92101-3017.
RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors and all other information contained in this
report should be considered carefully when evaluating Sempra Energy and
its subsidiaries. These risk factors could affect the actual results of
Sempra Energy and its subsidiaries and cause such results to differ
materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements of,
or made by or on behalf of, Sempra Energy or its subsidiaries. Other
risks and uncertainties, in addition to those that are described below,
may also impair their business operations. If any of the following
risks occurs, Sempra Energy's business, cash flows, results of
operations and financial condition could be seriously harmed. In
addition, the trading price of its securities could decline due to the
occurrence of any of these risks. These risk factors should be read in
conjunction with the other detailed information concerning Sempra
Energy and its subsidiaries set forth in the notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in the 2004
Annual Report to Shareholders, which is incorporated by reference in
this report.
5
Risks Related to the California Utilities
The California Utilities are subject to extensive regulation by state,
federal and local legislation and regulatory authorities, which may
adversely affect the operations, performance and growth of their
businesses.
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), which consists of
five commissioners appointed by the Governor of California for
staggered six-year terms, regulates the California Utilities' rates
(except electric transmission rates, which are regulated by the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)) and conditions of service, sales
of securities, rates of return, rates of depreciation, uniform systems
of accounts, examination of records and long-term resource procurement.
The CPUC conducts various reviews of utility performance (including
reasonableness and prudency reviews) and affiliate relationships and
conducts audits and investigations into various matters which may, from
time to time, result in disallowances and penalties adversely affecting
earnings and cash flows. Various proceedings involving the CPUC and
relating to the California Utilities' rates, costs, incentive
mechanisms, performance-based regulation and compliance with affiliate
and holding company rules are discussed in the notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Periodically, the California Utilities' rates are approved by the CPUC
based on forecasts of capital and operating costs. If the California
Utilities' actual capital and operating costs were to exceed the amount
included in its base rates approved by the CPUC, it would adversely
affect earnings and cash flows.
To promote efficient operations and improved productivity and to move
away from reasonableness reviews and disallowances, the CPUC adopted
Performance-Based Regulation (PBR) for the California Utilities. Under
PBR, regulators require future income potential to be tied to achieving
or exceeding specific performance and productivity goals, rather than
relying solely on expanding utility plant to increase earnings. The
three areas that are eligible for PBR rewards are: operational
incentives based on measurements of safety, reliability and customer
satisfaction; energy efficiency rewards based on the effectiveness of
the programs; and natural gas procurement rewards. Although the
California Utilities have received significant PBR rewards in the past,
there can be no assurance that the California Utilities will receive
rewards at similar levels in the future, or at all. Additionally, if
the California Utilities fail to achieve certain minimum performance
levels established under the PBR mechanisms, they may be assessed
financial disallowances or penalties which could adversely affect their
earnings and cash flows.
The FERC regulates electric transmission rates, the transmission and
wholesale sales of electricity in interstate commerce, transmission
access and other similar matters involving SDG&E.
The California Utilities may be impacted by new regulations, decisions,
orders or interpretations of the CPUC, FERC or other regulatory bodies.
New legislation, regulations, decisions, orders or interpretations
could change how the California Utilities operate, could affect their
6
ability to recover their various costs through rates or adjustment
mechanisms, or could require the California Utilities to incur
additional expenses.
SDG&E may incur substantial costs and liabilities as a result of its
ownership of nuclear facilities.
SDG&E owns a 20% interest in the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
(SONGS), a 2,150 megawatt nuclear generating facility near San
Clemente, California. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has broad
authority under federal law to impose licensing and safety-related
requirements for the operation of nuclear generation facilities.
SDG&E's ownership interest in SONGS subjects it to the risks of nuclear
generation, which include:
* the potential harmful effects on the environment and human
health resulting from the operation of nuclear facilities
and the storage, handling and disposal of radioactive
materials;
* limitations on the amounts and types of insurance
commercially available to cover losses that might arise in
connection with nuclear operations; and
* uncertainties with respect to the technological and
financial aspects of decommissioning nuclear plants at the
end of their licensed lives.
The California Utilities' future results of operations and financial
condition may be materially adversely affected by the outcome of pending
litigation against them.
The California energy crisis of 2000 and 2001 has generated numerous
lawsuits, governmental investigations and regulatory proceedings
involving many energy companies, including Sempra Energy and the
California Utilities. They are the remaining defendants in class action
and individual antitrust and unfair competition lawsuits scheduled for a
jury trial to begin in September 2005 in which the plaintiffs have
asserted that they are entitled to recover $24 billion in damages.
Additional lawsuits have been filed by the Attorney General of Nevada and
by others. They are also responding to an ongoing investigation being
conducted by the California Attorney General and an ongoing CPUC
proceeding related to the increase in natural gas prices at the
California-Arizona border in 2000-2001. The California Utilities have
expended and continue to expend substantial amounts defending these
lawsuits and in connection with related investigations and regulatory
proceedings. If these matters are ultimately resolved unfavorably to the
California Utilities, their results of operations and financial condition
and those of Sempra Energy may be materially adversely affected.
These proceedings are discussed in the notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations."
7
Risks Related to Sempra Energy's Electric Generation, Commodities
Trading, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Pipelines & Storage and Other
Businesses
Sempra Energy's businesses are exposed to market risk, and its financial
condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity may be
adversely affected by fluctuations in commodity market prices that are
beyond its control.
Sempra Commodities is a full-service trading company that markets and
trades physical and financial commodity products. Its trading portfolios
consist of physical and financial commodity contracts, including
contracts for natural gas, electricity, petroleum products, base metals
and other commodities that are settled by the delivery of the commodity
or cash. Although Sempra Commodities generally seeks to structure its
trading contracts so that a substantial majority of its trading revenues
are realizable within 24 months and strives to maintain appropriate
hedging mechanisms for its trading book, Sempra Commodities may have
substantial unhedged trading positions in the market, resulting from the
management of its trading portfolios or from its inability to hedge, in
whole or in part, particular risks.
Sempra Generation generates electricity that it sells under long-term
contracts and into the spot market or other competitive markets. It
purchases fuel for its power plants, consisting of natural gas and coal,
and may also purchase electricity in the open market to satisfy its
contractual obligations.
Sempra Energy's sales and results of operations could be adversely
affected if the prevailing market prices for electricity, natural gas,
coal or other commodities, whether procured for power plants or to
satisfy contractual obligations with trading counterparties or customers,
in regional markets and other competitive markets in which the company
competes, change in a direction or manner that it has not anticipated and
for which it has not provided through purchase or sale commitments or
other hedging transactions.
Unanticipated changes in market prices for energy-related and other
commodities result from multiple factors, including: weather conditions;
seasonality; changes in demand; transmission or transportation
constraints or inefficiencies; availability of competitively priced
alternative energy sources; commodity production levels; actions by the
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries with respect to the
supply of crude oil; federal, state and foreign energy and environmental
regulation and legislation; natural disasters, wars, embargoes and other
catastrophic events; and expropriation of assets by foreign countries.
In 2001 the FERC, which has jurisdiction over wholesale power and
transmission rates, independent system operators and other entities that
control transmission facilities or that administer wholesale power sales
in some of the markets in which the company operates, imposed price
limitations which resulted in unexpected moves in electricity prices. The
FERC may impose additional price limitations, bidding rules and other
mechanisms or terminate existing price limitations from time to time in
the future. Any such action by the FERC may result in prices for
electricity changing in an unanticipated direction or manner, and may
8
have an adverse effect on Sempra Energy's sales and results of
operations.
Sempra Energy and its subsidiaries cannot and do not attempt to fully
hedge their assets or positions against changes in commodity prices, and
their hedging procedures may not work as planned.
To reduce financial exposure related to commodity price fluctuations,
Sempra Energy's subsidiaries routinely enter into contracts to hedge a
substantial portion of their purchase and sale commitments and
inventories of electricity, natural gas, coal, crude oil and refined
petroleum products, base metals and other commodities. As part of this
strategy, they routinely utilize fixed-price, forward, physical purchase
and sales contracts, futures, financial swaps and option contracts traded
in the over-the-counter markets or on exchanges. However, the company
does not cover the entire exposure of its assets or its positions to
market price volatility and the coverage will vary over time. To the
extent Sempra Energy's subsidiaries have unhedged positions, or if their
hedging positions do not work as planned, fluctuating commodity prices
could have a material adverse effect on Sempra Energy's business, results
of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Risk management procedures may not prevent losses.
Although Sempra Energy and its subsidiaries have risk management systems
and control systems in place that use advanced methodologies to quantify
and manage risk, these systems may not always prevent material losses.
Risk management procedures may not always be followed or may not always
work as planned. In addition, daily value-at-risk and loss limits are
derived from historic price movements. If prices significantly or
persistently deviate from historic prices, the limits may not protect the
company from significant losses. As a result of these and other factors,
there can be no assurances that Sempra Energy's risk management
procedures will prevent losses that would negatively affect its business,
results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
A downgrade in Sempra Energy's credit ratings could negatively affect its
commodities trading and other non-utility businesses.
If Sempra Energy's credit ratings were to be downgraded, the business
prospects of its commodities trading and other non-utility businesses,
which generally rely on the credit-worthiness of Sempra Energy, would be
adversely affected. Sempra Commodities would be required to comply with
various margin or other credit enhancement obligations under its trading
and marketing contracts, substantially all of which are guaranteed by
Sempra Energy, and it may be unable to continue to trade or able to do so
only on less-favorable terms. To meet liquidity requirements, Sempra
Energy and its subsidiaries maintain substantial unused committed lines
of credit for which borrowings are available without regard to credit
ratings. However, a ratings downgrade could require Sempra Energy to
divert to Sempra Commodities all or a portion of the liquidity that these
lines would otherwise provide for the expansion of Sempra Energy's other
non-utility businesses. In addition, if these lines were to become
unavailable or to be inadequate to meet margin or other credit
enhancement requirements, Sempra Commodities' trading partners could
exercise other remedies such as liquidating and netting their exposures
to Sempra Commodities, making it more difficult or impossible for Sempra
9
Commodities to manage effectively its remaining trading positions or to
continue its trading business, and Sempra Energy and its subsidiaries may
not have sufficient liquidity to meet their obligations.
Sempra Energy's businesses depend on counterparties, customers and
suppliers performing in accordance with their agreements, and any failure
by them to perform could require the company to incur substantial
expenses and expose it to commodity price risk and volatility, which
could adversely affect Sempra Energy's liquidity, cash flows and results
of operations.
Sempra Energy's subsidiaries are exposed to the risk that counterparties,
customers and suppliers that owe money or commodities as a result of
market transactions or other long-term agreements will not perform their
obligations under such agreements. Should they fail to perform, the
company may be required to acquire alternative hedging arrangements or to
honor the underlying commitment at then-current market prices. In such
event, Sempra Energy's subsidiaries may incur additional losses to the
extent of amounts already paid to such counterparties or suppliers. In
addition, the subsidiaries often extend credit to counterparties and
customers. While the company performs significant credit analyses prior
to extending credit, Sempra Energy and its subsidiaries are exposed to
the risk that they may not be able to collect amounts owed to them.
If the Department of Water Resources (DWR) were to succeed in setting
aside, or were to fail to perform its obligations under its long-term
power contract with Sempra Generation, Sempra Energy's business, results
of operations and cash flows will be materially adversely affected.
In 2001, Sempra Generation entered into a 10-year power sales agreement
with the DWR, to supply up to 1,900 megawatts to the state. Sempra Energy
expects the contract with the DWR will be a source of significant revenue
over the 10-year period. The validity of the power sales agreement with
the DWR has been the subject of extensive litigation between the parties
before the FERC and in California courts. Sempra Generation has prevailed
in all of these challenges to date, but the plaintiffs have appealed
several of these rulings. If the DWR were to succeed in setting aside its
obligations under the contract, or if the DWR fails or is unable to meet
its contractual obligations on a timely basis, it could have a material
adverse effect on Sempra Energy's business, results of operations, cash
flows and financial condition. These proceedings are described in the
notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and in "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations."
In the future, Sempra Energy's subsidiaries may elect not to or may not
be able to enter into long-term supply and sales agreements or long-term
firm capacity agreements for their projects, which would subject their
sales to increased volatility and its businesses to increased
competition.
The electric generation and wholesale power sales industries have become
highly competitive. As more plants are built and competitive pressures
increase, wholesale electricity prices become more volatile. Without the
benefit of long-term power sales agreements, such as the 10-year power
sales agreement between Sempra Generation and the DWR, Sempra Energy's
sales will be subject to increased price volatility, and it may be unable
10
to sell the power generated by Sempra Generation's facilities or operate
those facilities profitably.
Sempra LNG does not intend to commence significant construction of its
proposed LNG terminals without first obtaining long-term LNG supply
agreements that substantially reduce its exposure to changes in natural
gas prices (through corresponding natural gas sales agreements or supply
prices tied to prevailing natural gas prices or long-term firm capacity
agreements) for a substantial portion of the processing capacity of these
facilities. However, if these plans were to change and the company were
to construct its terminals without the benefit of such arrangements, its
sales would be subject to increased price volatility, and it may be
unable to sell the services of its LNG facilities or to operate the
facilities profitably. If the counterparties, customers or suppliers to
one or more of the key agreements for the LNG facilities were to fail or
become unable to meet their contractual obligations on a timely basis, it
could have a significant negative impact on Sempra Energy's business,
results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Business development activities may not be successful and projects under
construction may not commence operation as scheduled, which could
increase Sempra Energy's costs and impair its ability to recover its
investments.
The acquisition, development and construction of electric generating
facilities, LNG receiving terminals, and natural gas pipelines and
storage facilities involve numerous risks. Sempra Energy and its
subsidiaries may be required to expend significant sums for preliminary
engineering, permitting, fuel supply, resource exploration, legal and
other expenses before it can be established whether a project is
feasible, economically attractive or capable of being built. Sempra
Energy's success in developing a particular project is contingent upon,
among other things, negotiation of satisfactory engineering, procurement
and construction agreements, fuel supply and power sales contracts (for
generating facilities), supply and natural gas sales agreements or firm
capacity service agreements (for LNG receiving terminals and natural gas
pipelines and storage facilities), receipt of required governmental
permits and timely implementation and satisfactory completion of
construction and, successful completion of a particular project may be
adversely affected by unforeseen engineering problems, construction
delays and contractor performance shortfalls, work stoppages, adverse
weather conditions, environmental and geological conditions, and other
factors. If the company is unable to complete the development of a
facility, it typically will not be able to recover its investment in the
project.
The operation of these facilities also involves many risks, including the
breakdown or failure of generation or regasification and storage
facilities or other equipment or processes, labor disputes, fuel
interruption and operating performance below expected levels. In
addition, weather-related incidents and other natural disasters can
disrupt generation, regasification, storage and transmission systems. The
occurrence of any of these events could lead to operating power plants
below expected capacity levels, which may result in lost revenues or
increased expenses, including higher maintenance costs and penalties, and
could adversely affect Sempra Energy's business, cash flows and results
of operations.
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Competition among developers and operators of LNG terminals is rapidly
increasing, which may adversely affect the profitability of Sempra LNG's
proposed LNG terminals.
Although there are only a limited number of LNG terminal facilities
operating in North America today, many companies have announced plans to
develop LNG facilities to serve the North American market. Some of these
competitors have more operating experience, more development experience,
larger staffs and greater financial resources than the company. Industry
analysts have predicted that, if all of the proposed LNG facilities in
North America that have been announced by developers are actually built,
there will likely be substantial excess capacity for such terminals in
the near future. Excess capacity is likely to lead to decreased prices
for such services. Although its proposed LNG facilities in Mexico and
Louisiana are more advanced in the siting, permitting and regulatory
approval processes than the proposed projects of many of its competitors,
there can be no assurance that Sempra Energy will be able to maintain
that advantage.
Sempra Energy's subsidiaries rely on transportation assets that they do
not own or control to deliver electricity and natural gas.
Sempra Energy's subsidiaries depend on electric transmission lines,
natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities owned and
operated by third parties to deliver the electricity and natural gas they
sell to wholesale markets, to supply natural gas and coal to their
electric generation facilities, and to provide retail energy services to
customers. Sempra LNG also will rely on specialized LNG ships to
transport LNG to its proposed LNG facilities and on natural gas pipelines
to transport natural gas for customers of the facilities. If
transportation is disrupted, or if capacity is inadequate, the ability of
Sempra Energy's subsidiaries to sell and deliver their products and
services may be hindered. As a result, they may be responsible for
damages incurred by their customers, such as the additional cost of
acquiring alternative supply at then-current spot market rates.
Sempra Energy's businesses require numerous permits and other
governmental approvals from various federal, state, local and foreign
governmental agencies, and any failure to obtain or maintain required
permits or approvals could cause Sempra Energy's sales to decline and/or
its costs to increase.
The acquisition, ownership and operation of electric generation
facilities, LNG receiving terminals, and natural gas pipelines and
storage facilities require numerous permits, approvals and certificates
from federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies. All of the
existing and planned development projects of Sempra Energy's subsidiaries
require multiple permits. They may not be able to obtain or maintain all
required regulatory approvals. If there is a delay in obtaining any
required regulatory approvals or if the company fails to obtain any
required approvals or to comply with any applicable laws or regulations,
it may not be able to operate its facilities, or it may be forced to
incur additional costs.
12
Sempra Energy's businesses are subject to complex government regulations
and may be adversely affected by changes in these regulations or in their
interpretation or implementation.
In recent years, the regulatory environment applicable to the electric
power and natural gas industries has undergone significant changes, on
both federal and state levels, which have affected the nature of these
industries and the manner in which their participants conduct their
businesses. These changes are ongoing, and Sempra Energy cannot predict
the future course of changes in this regulatory environment or the
ultimate affect that this changing regulatory environment will have on
its businesses. Moreover, existing regulations may be revised or
reinterpreted, and new laws and regulations may be adopted or become
applicable to the company and its facilities. Future changes in laws and
regulations may have a detrimental effect on Sempra Energy's business,
cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.
Sempra Energy's energy and commodity trading operations are subject to
affiliate rules relating to transactions with the California Utilities.
These businesses could be adversely affected by changes in these rules or
by additional CPUC or FERC rules' further restricting their ability to
sell electricity or natural gas or to trade with the California
Utilities. Affiliate transaction rules also could require these
businesses to obtain the prior approval of the CPUC before entering into
any such transactions with the California Utilities. Any such
restrictions or approval requirements could adversely affect the electric
generation plants, natural gas pipelines, LNG receiving terminals, or
trading operations of the company's subsidiaries.
Various proceedings, inquiries and investigations relating to the
business activities of Sempra Generation and Sempra Commodities are
currently pending before the FERC. A description of such proceedings,
inquiries and investigations is provided in the notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Sempra Energy's businesses have significant environmental compliance
costs, and future environmental compliance costs could adversely affect
Sempra Energy's profitability.
Sempra Energy's subsidiaries are subject to extensive federal, state,
local and foreign statutes, rules and regulations relating to
environmental protection. They are required to obtain numerous
governmental permits, licenses and other approvals to construct and
operate their businesses. Additionally, to comply with these legal
requirements, they must spend significant sums on environmental
monitoring, pollution control equipment and emissions fees. The company
also is generally responsible for all on-site liabilities associated with
the environmental condition of its electric generation facilities and
other energy projects which it has acquired or developed, regardless of
when the liabilities arose and whether they are known or unknown. If
Sempra Energy's subsidiaries fail to comply with applicable environmental
laws, they may be subject to penalties, fines and/or curtailments of
their operations.
The scope and effect of any new environmental laws and regulations,
including their affects on operations, are difficult to predict. However,
13
increasing national and international concerns regarding global warming
and proposed regulations regarding mercury, nitrogen oxide and sulfur
dioxide emissions could result in requirements for additional pollution
control equipment or significant emissions fees or taxes, particularly
with respect to coal-fired generation facilities, that could adversely
affect Sempra Generation. In addition, existing environmental regulations
could be revised or reinterpreted and other new laws and regulations
could be adopted or become applicable to the company and its facilities.
Sempra Energy's international businesses are exposed to different local,
regulatory and business risks and challenges, which could have a material
adverse effect on Sempra Energy's financial condition, cash flows and
results of operations.
Sempra Energy subsidiaries currently have interests in electricity
generation, natural gas transmission and LNG terminal projects in Mexico,
and also have trading, marketing and risk management operations in
Canada, Europe and Asia. Sempra Pipelines & Storage also has ownership
interests in electricity and natural gas distribution businesses in
Argentina, Chile and Peru. Developing infrastructure projects, owning
energy assets and operating businesses in foreign jurisdictions subject
the company to significant political and financial risks which vary by
country, including:
* changes in foreign laws and regulations, including tax and
environmental laws and regulations;
* changes in U.S. laws and regulations, including tax and
environmental laws and regulations, related to foreign
operations;
* high rates of inflation;
* changes in government policies or personnel;
* trade restrictions;
* limitations on U.S. company ownership in foreign countries;
* permitting and regulatory compliance;
* changes in labor supply and labor relations in operations
outside the U.S.;
* adverse rulings by foreign courts or tribunals and difficulty
in enforcing contractual rights in foreign jurisdictions; and
* general political, economic and business conditions.
Sempra Energy's international businesses also are subject to foreign
currency risks. These risks arise from both volatility in foreign
currency exchange rates and devaluations of foreign currencies. In such
cases, an appreciation of the U.S. dollar against a local currency could
reduce the amount of cash and income received from those foreign
14
subsidiaries. For example, the devaluation of the Argentine peso against
the U.S. dollar in recent years (as well as the Argentine government's
unilateral, retroactive abrogation of utility agreements in early 2002)
has had a material adverse effect on Sempra Pipelines & Storage's two
unconsolidated subsidiaries in Argentina. On September 6, 2002, Sempra
Pipelines & Storage initiated arbitration proceedings under the 1994
Bilateral Investment Treaty between the U.S. and Argentina for recovery
of the diminution of the value of its investments that has resulted from
Argentine governmental actions. Sempra Pipelines & Storage has claimed
damages of at least $258 million in these proceedings, which are
continuing. A description of legal proceedings relating to Sempra
Pipelines & Storage's business operations in Argentina is provided in the
notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. While Sempra Pipelines &
Storage believes that it has contracts and other measures in place to
mitigate its most significant foreign currency exchange risks, it has
some exposure that is not fully mitigated.
Other Risks Related to the Company
Sempra Energy's cash flows, ability to pay dividends and ability to meet
its debt obligations largely depend on the performance of its
subsidiaries.
Sempra Energy is a holding company and conducts its operations entirely
through its subsidiaries. Sempra Energy's California Utilities are its
major source of liquidity. Funding of other business units' capital
expenditures is largely dependent on the California Utilities' paying
sufficient dividends to Sempra Energy, which depends on the sufficiency
of utility earnings and cash flows in excess of utility needs. In
addition, Sempra Energy's cash flows, ability to meet its obligations to
creditors and its ability to pay dividends on its common stock are
largely dependent upon the earnings of the subsidiaries and the
distribution of such earnings to Sempra Energy in the form of dividends.
The subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and could be
precluded from making such distributions under certain circumstances,
including as a result of legislation or regulation or in times of
financial distress.
Natural disasters, catastrophic accidents or acts of terrorism could
materially adversely affect Sempra Energy's business, earnings and cash
flows.
Like other major industrial facilities, Sempra Energy's generation plants
(including SONGS), electric transmission facilities, LNG receiving
terminals and storage facilities, chartered oil and LNG tankers and
natural gas pipelines and storage facilities may be damaged by natural
disasters, catastrophic accidents or acts of terrorism. Any such
incidents could result in severe business disruptions, significant
decreases in revenues or significant additional costs to the company,
which could have a material adverse effect on Sempra Energy's earnings
and cash flows. Given the nature and location of these facilities, any
such incidents also could cause fires, leaks, explosions, spills or other
significant damage to natural resources or property belonging to third
parties, or personal injuries, which could lead to significant claims
against Sempra Energy and its subsidiaries. Insurance coverage may become
unavailable for certain of these risks and the insurance proceeds
received for any loss of or damage to any of its facilities, or for any
15
loss of or damage to natural resources or property or personal injuries
caused by its operations, may be insufficient to cover the company's
losses or liabilities without materially adversely affecting the
company's financial condition, earnings and cash flows.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
The most significant government regulation affecting Sempra Energy is
that affecting its utility subsidiaries.
California Utility Regulation
The CPUC, which consists of five commissioners appointed by the Governor
of California for staggered six-year terms, regulates SDG&E's and
SoCalGas' rates and conditions of service, sales of securities, rate of
return, rates of depreciation, uniform systems of accounts, examination
of records, and long-term resource procurement. The CPUC conducts various
reviews of utility performance and conducts investigations into various
matters, such as deregulation, competition and the environment, to
determine its future policies. The CPUC also regulates the relationship
of utilities with their holding companies and is currently conducting an
investigation into this relationship. This investigation is further
discussed in Note 15 of the notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The California Energy Commission (CEC) has discretion over electric
demand forecasts for the state and for specific service territories.
Based upon these forecasts, the CEC determines the need for additional
energy sources and for conservation programs. The CEC sponsors
alternative-energy research and development projects, promotes energy
conservation programs and maintains a state-wide plan of action in case
of energy shortages. In addition, the CEC certifies power-plant sites and
related facilities within California.
The CEC conducts a 20-year forecast of supply availability and prices for
every market sector consuming natural gas in California. This forecast
includes resource evaluation, pipeline capacity needs, natural gas demand
and wellhead prices, and costs of transportation and distribution. This
analysis is used to support long-term investment decisions.
United States Utility Regulation
The FERC regulates the interstate sale and transportation of natural gas,
the transmission and wholesale sales of electricity in interstate
commerce, transmission access, the uniform systems of accounts, rates of
depreciation and electric rates involving sales for resale. Both the FERC
and the CPUC are currently investigating prices charged to the California
investor-owned utilities (IOUs) by various suppliers of natural gas and
electricity. Further discussion is provided in Notes 14 and 15 of the
notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The NRC oversees the licensing, construction and operation of nuclear
facilities. NRC regulations require extensive review of the safety,
radiological and environmental aspects of these facilities. Periodically,
the NRC requires that newly developed data and techniques be used to re-
analyze the design of a nuclear power plant and, as a result, requires
plant modifications as a condition of continued operation in some cases.
Local Regulation
SoCalGas has natural gas franchises with the 240 legal jurisdictions in
its service territory. These franchises allow SoCalGas to locate, operate
and maintain facilities for the transmission and distribution of natural
gas in streets and other public places. Some franchises have fixed terms,
such as that for the city of Los Angeles, which expires in 2012. The
range of expiration dates for the franchises with definite terms is 2005
to 2048. Most of the franchises do not have fixed terms and continue
indefinitely.
SDG&E has electric franchises with the two counties and the 26 cities in
its electric service territory, and natural gas franchises with the one
county and the 18 cities in its natural gas service territory. These
franchises allow SDG&E to locate, operate and maintain facilities for the
transmission and distribution of electricity and/or natural gas in
streets and other public places. The franchises do not have fixed terms,
except for the electric and natural gas franchises with the cities of
Encinitas (2012), San Diego (2021), Coronado (2028) and Chula Vista
(2014), and the natural gas franchises with the city of Escondido (2036)
and the county of San Diego (2030).
Sempra Pipelines & Storage's Mexican subsidiaries, Distribuidora de Gas
Natural (DGN) de Mexicali, DGN de Chihuahua and DGN de La Laguna Durango,
build and operate natural gas distribution systems in Mexicali, Chihuahua
and the La Laguna-Durango zone in north-central Mexico, respectively.
These companies are regulated by city and state government labor and
environmental agencies. They are also regulated by the Mexican energy
regulatory commission.
Other Regulation
Sempra Commodities has trading locations in North America, Europe and
Asia that are subject to regulation as to operations and financial
position. Among other things, its operations are subject to the New York
Mercantile Exchange, the London Metals Exchange, the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission, the FERC and the National Futures Association.
Sempra LNG has operations in the United States that are subject to
regulation by the FERC and operations in Mexico that are subject to
regulation by the Mexican energy regulatory commission.
Sempra Pipelines & Storage's affiliates have international operations in
Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Peru that are subject to federal, local and
other regulations of the countries and/or political subdivisions in which
they are located. These regulatory bodies include but are not limited to
Mexico's Comision Reguladora de Energia, Argentina's Ente Naal Regulador
de Gas, Chile's Comision Nacional de Energia and Peru's Consejo Nacional
de Energia.
Other subsidiaries are also subject to varying amounts of regulation by
various governments, including various states in the United States.
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Licenses and Permits
The California Utilities obtain numerous permits, authorizations and
licenses in connection with the transmission and distribution of natural
gas and electricity. They require periodic renewal, which results in
continuing regulation by the granting agency.
The company's unregulated affiliates are also required to obtain numerous
permits, authorizations and licenses in the normal course of business.
Some of these permits, authorizations and licenses require periodic
renewal. Sempra Generation and its subsidiaries obtain a number of
permits, authorizations and licenses in connection with the construction
and operation of power generation facilities. In addition, Sempra
Generation obtains permits in connection with wholesale distribution of
electricity. Sempra Pipelines & Storage's Mexican subsidiaries obtain
construction permits for their distribution systems from the local
governments where the service is provided. Sempra Pipelines & Storage and
Sempra Commodities obtain licenses and permits for natural gas storage
facilities. Sempra LNG obtains licenses and permits for construction and
operations of LNG facilities.
Other regulatory matters are described in Notes 14 and 15 of the notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
SOURCES OF REVENUE
Industry segment information is contained in "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and in Note 17
of the notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Various information
concerning revenue and revenue recognition is provided in Note 1 of the
notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
NATURAL GAS UTILITY OPERATIONS
Resource Planning and Natural Gas Procurement and Transportation
The company is engaged in the purchase, sale, distribution, storage and
transportation of natural gas through the California Utilities. The
company's resource planning, power procurement, contractual commitments
and related regulatory matters are discussed below and in "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"
and in Notes 15 and 16 of the notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Customers
For regulatory purposes, customers are separated into core and noncore
customers. Core customers are primarily residential and small commercial
and industrial customers, without alternative fuel capability. Noncore
customers consist primarily of electric generation, wholesale, large
commercial, industrial and enhanced oil recovery customers.
Most core customers purchase natural gas directly from the California
Utilities. Core customers are permitted to aggregate their natural gas
requirement and purchase directly from brokers or producers. The
California Utilities continue to be obligated to purchase reliable
supplies of natural gas to serve the requirements of the core customers.
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Natural Gas Procurement and Transportation
Most of the natural gas purchased and delivered by the California
Utilities is produced outside of California, primarily in the
southwestern U.S. and Canada. The California Utilities purchase natural
gas under short-term and long-term contracts. Short-term purchases are
primarily based on monthly spot-market prices.
To ensure the delivery of the natural gas supplies to the distribution
system and to meet the seasonal and annual needs of customers, SoCalGas
is committed to firm pipeline capacity contracts that require the payment
of fixed reservation charges to reserve firm transportation entitlements.
SoCalGas sells excess capacity, if any, on a short-term basis. Interstate
pipeline companies, primarily El Paso Natural Gas Company and
Transwestern Pipeline Company, provide transportation services into
SoCalGas' intrastate transmission system for supplies purchased by
SoCalGas or its transportation customers from outside of California. All
of these contracts will have expired by 2007. The rates that interstate
pipeline companies may charge for natural gas and transportation services
are regulated by the FERC.
SDG&E has long-term natural gas transportation contracts with various
interstate pipelines that expire on various dates between 2005 and 2023.
SDG&E currently purchases natural gas on a spot basis to fill its long-
term pipeline capacity and purchases additional spot market supplies
delivered directly to California for its remaining requirements. SDG&E
continues its ongoing assessment of its pipeline capacity portfolio,
including the release of a portion of this capacity to third parties. In
accordance with regulatory directives, SDG&E will reconfigure its
pipeline capacity portfolio by November 2005 to secure firm
transportation rights from a diverse mix of U.S. and Canadian supply
sources for its projected core customer natural gas requirements. All of
SDG&E's natural gas is delivered through SoCalGas' pipelines under a
short-term transportation agreement. In addition, under a separate
agreement expiring in March 2006, SoCalGas provides SDG&E eight billion
cubic feet of storage capacity.
According to "Btu's Daily Gas Wire", the annual average spot price of
natural gas at the California/Arizona border was $5.53 per million
British thermal unit (mmbtu) in 2004 ($6.35 per mmbtu in December 2004),
compared with $5.10 per mmbtu in 2003 and $3.14 per mmbtu in 2002. Prices
for natural gas increased toward the end of 2002, 2003 and in 2004. The
California Utilities' weighted average cost (including transportation
charges) per mmbtu of natural gas was $5.94 in 2004, $5.06 in 2003 and
$3.12 in 2002.
With improved delivery capacity to California, the company expects
adequate resources to be available at prices that generally will follow
national natural gas pricing trends and volatility.
Natural Gas Storage
SoCalGas provides natural gas storage services for use by the core,
noncore and off-system customers. Core customers are allocated a portion
of SoCalGas storage capacity. Remaining customers, including SDG&E, can
bid and negotiate the desired amount of storage on a contract basis. The
19
storage service program provides opportunities for customers to store
natural gas, usually during the summer, to reduce winter purchases when
natural gas costs are generally higher. This allows customers to select
the level of service they desire to assist them in managing their fuel
procurement and transportation needs.
Demand for Natural Gas
The California Utilities face competition in the residential and
commercial customer markets based on the customers' preferences for
natural gas compared with other energy products. The demand for natural
gas by electric generators is influenced by a number of factors. In the
short-term, natural gas use by electric generators is impacted by the
availability of alternative sources of generation. The availability of
hydroelectricity is highly dependent on precipitation in the western
United States. In addition, natural gas use is impacted by the
performance of other generation sources in the western United States,
including nuclear and coal, and other natural gas facilities outside the
service area. Natural gas use is also impacted by changes in end-use
electricity demand. For example, natural gas use generally increases
during summer heat waves. Over the long-term, natural gas use will be
greatly influenced by additional factors such as the location of new
power plant construction. More generation capacity currently is being
constructed outside Southern California than within the California
Utilities' service area. This new generation will likely displace the
output of older, less efficient local generation, reducing use of natural
gas for local electric generation.
Effective March 31, 1998, electric industry restructuring provided out-
of-state producers the option to purchase energy for California utility
customers. As a result, natural gas demand for electric generation within
Southern California competes with electric power generated throughout the
western United States. Although electric industry restructuring has no
direct impact on the California Utilities' natural gas operations, future
volumes of natural gas transported for electric generating plant
customers may be significantly affected to the extent that regulatory
changes divert electric generation from the California Utilities' service
area.
Growth in the natural gas markets is largely dependent upon the health
and expansion of the Southern California economy and prices of other
energy products. External factors such as weather, the price of
electricity, electric deregulation, the use of hydroelectric power,
competing pipelines and general economic conditions can result in
significant shifts in demand and market price. The California Utilities
added 86,000 and 83,000 new natural gas customer meters in 2004 and 2003,
respectively, representing growth rates of 1.4 percent in both cases. The
California Utilities expect that their growth rate for 2005 will
approximate that for 2004.
In the interruptible industrial market, customers are capable of burning
a fuel other than natural gas. Fuel oil is the most significant competing
energy alternative. The company's ability to maintain its industrial
market share is largely dependent on price. The relationship between
natural gas supply and demand has the greatest impact on the price of the
company's product. With the reduction of natural gas production from
domestic sources, the cost of natural gas from non-domestic sources may
20
play a greater role in the company's competitive position in the future.
The price of oil depends upon a number of factors, including the
relationship between world-wide supply and demand, and the policies of
foreign and domestic governments.
The natural gas distribution business is seasonal in nature as variations
in weather conditions generally result in greater revenues during the
winter months when temperatures are colder. As is prevalent in the
industry, the company injects natural gas into storage during the summer
months (usually April through October) for withdrawal from storage during
the winter months (usually November through March) when customer demand
is higher.
ELECTRIC UTILITY OPERATIONS
Customers
At December 31, 2004, SDG&E had 1.3 million meters consisting of
1,170,000 residential, 139,000 commercial, 460 industrial, 1,940 street
and highway lighting, and 7,700 direct access. The company's service area
covers 4,100 square miles. The company added 22,000 new electric customer
meters in 2004 and 18,000 in 2003, representing growth rates of 1.7% and
1.4% respectively.
Resource Planning and Power Procurement
SDG&E's resource planning, power procurement and related regulatory
matters are discussed below and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and in Notes 14, 15 and
16 of the notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
21
Electric Resources
Based on CPUC-approved purchased-power contracts currently in place with
SDG&E's various suppliers and SDG&E's 20-percent share of a generating
plant, as of December 31, 2004, the supply of electric power available to
SDG&E is as follows: